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Teaching Approaches to Islamic Education in the Contemporary Classroom

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Teaching Approaches to Islamic Education in the Contemporary Classroom A University of Sussex PhD thesis Available online via Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/ This thesis is protected by copyright which belongs to the author. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Please visit Sussex Research Online for more information and further details Teacher educators’ approaches to teaching Foundation of Islamic Education at a university in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Hajeej Alhawsawi Department of Education School of Education and Social Work Submitted to the University of Sussex in fulfilment of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2016 Table of Contents Table of Contents ........................................................................................................... II 1: Introduction ................................................................................................................ 1 1.1. Background to the study .................................................................................................. 1 1.2. Aims and rationale of the study ....................................................................................... 2 1.3. Summary of the methodology ......................................................................................... 3 1.4. Research questions .......................................................................................................... 4 1.5. Structure of the thesis ...................................................................................................... 5 2: Context of the study ................................................................................................. 7 2.1. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ........................................................................................... 7 2.2. Education in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ..................................................................... 10 2.2.1. School education .................................................................................................... 11 2.2.2. Universities in Saudi Arabia .................................................................................... 12 2.2.3. Teacher education .................................................................................................. 13 2.2.4. Teaching and learning Islamic studies at Saudi universities ................................... 17 2.2.5. The Quran ............................................................................................................... 17 2.2.6. Sunnah .................................................................................................................... 18 2.2.7. Teaching and learning ............................................................................................ 18 2.3. National education policy of KSA ................................................................................... 20 2.4. Teaching and learning policy at City University .............................................................. 22 2.5. City University (CU) ........................................................................................................ 23 2.5.1. College of Education ............................................................................................... 25 2.5.2. The TPP ................................................................................................................... 28 2.5.3. Foundation of Islamic Education (FIE) .................................................................... 32 2.5.4. The learning environment in the FIE classes and the University’s College of Education in general ............................................................................................................... 33 2.6. Summary ........................................................................................................................ 34 3: Literature Review ..................................................................................................... 35 3.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 35 3.2 Institutional influences ................................................................................................... 36 3.2.1 Definitions of institutional theory ........................................................................... 37 3.2.2 Aspects of institutional theory that are analysed in the literature ......................... 39 3.3. Teaching approaches ...................................................................................................... 44 3.3.1 Teaching approaches and teachers’ beliefs ............................................................ 44 3.3.2 The teacher-centred approach ............................................................................... 47 3.3.3 The student-centred approach ............................................................................... 49 3.3.4 Structured pedagogy .............................................................................................. 53 3.3.5 Case studies of diverse teaching approaches ......................................................... 58 3.4. Conceptualising teaching from an Islamic perspective .................................................. 60 3.4.1. The aim of education in Islam ................................................................................. 61 3.4.2. The main sources of Islamic knowledge ................................................................. 62 3.4.3. The position of scholars and teachers in learning in Islamic literature ................... 64 3.4.4. Responsibility of the Muslim teacher ...................................................................... 67 3.4.5. Teaching methods used by the Prophet Mohammad (P.B.U.H.) ............................ 69 3.4.6. Teaching approaches to Islamic education in the contemporary classroom .......... 72 3.5. Conceptual framework ................................................................................................... 76 3.6. Summary ........................................................................................................................ 79 4: Methodology ............................................................................................................. 81 4.1. Philosophical stance ....................................................................................................... 81 4.2. Research design .............................................................................................................. 84 4.2.1. Case study as a research strategy .............................................................................. 85 4.3. Sampling ......................................................................................................................... 87 4.4. Data Collection Techniques ............................................................................................ 92 4.4.1. Documentary data .................................................................................................. 93 4.4.2. Observations ........................................................................................................... 95 4.4.3. Interviews ............................................................................................................... 98 4.4.4. Piloting the Research Instruments ........................................................................ 102 4.5. The process of data collection ...................................................................................... 103 4.6. Data analysis ................................................................................................................. 105 4.6.1. Interviews ............................................................................................................. 108 4.6.2. Document Analysis ............................................................................................... 110 4.6.3. Observation .......................................................................................................... 111 4.6.4. Translation ............................................................................................................ 111 4.7. Researcher’s position ................................................................................................... 112 4.8. Reflexivity ..................................................................................................................... 114 4.9. Trustworthiness ............................................................................................................ 116 4.10. Ethical considerations .............................................................................................. 121 4.10. Limitations ................................................................................................................ 124 4.11. Summary .................................................................................................................. 126 5: Institutional Influences on Teaching and Learning .................................... 129 5.1. Provision of in-service training ....................................................................................
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