Judaean Rulers and Notable Personnages

Chronology of Syria and Palestine, 40 BCE – 70 CE

Governors of Governors of Governors of Iturea, Trachonitis, Judaea Galilee/Perea Paneas & Batanaea Judaean High Lysanias (Tetrarch) LEGEND Priests (including Chalcis and Abila) Ananelus 37-36 BCE 40–36 BCE Aristobulus III 36 BCE High priests of Jerusalem

Ananelus 36-30 BCE Rulers of Nabatea Roman prefects Cleopatra VII Philopater Roman 30 BCE (Pharaoh of Egypt) Emperors Governors of 36–23 Herodian monarchs Jesus ben Fabus 30–23 BCE Roman Syria

Marcus Terentius Varro 25–23 Roman legates

Herod the Great (King) (part of the kingdom of Zenodorus (Tetrarch) 40/39–4 BCE Judaea) 23–20 BCE Roman proconsuls 20 BCE Obodas III Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa 39–9 BCE 23–13 Other rulers

Zenodorus’ territories were incorporated into Herod’s Simon ben Boethus 23–5 BCE kingdom in 20 BCE. Trachonitis, Auranitis and Batanaea were Marcus Titius given to Herod earlier, in 23 BCE. 13–9 Governors of 10 BCE Jabneh, Ashdod & Gaius Sentius Saturninus 9–7/6 Phasaelis Augustus

Publius Quinctilius Varus 27 BCE – 14 CE 7/6–4 Formerly part of Herod’s kingdom

Lucius Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus** 4–1 BCE Matthias ben Theophilus 5–4 BCE Joazar ben Boethus 4 BCE Herod Archelaus (Tetrarch) 1 CE Eleazar ben Boethus 4–3 BCE Gaius Julius Caesar Vipsanianus Jesus ben Sie 3 BC– ? 4 BCE – 6 CE 1 BCE – 4 CE Joazar ben Boethus ?–6 CE Salome I (Toparch) 4 BCE – 10 CE Lucius Volusius Saturninus 4–5

Coponius 6–9 Publius Sulpicius Quirinius 6–12 10 CE Marcus Ambivulus 9–12 Ananus ben Seth 6–15 CE

Annius Rufus 12–15 Quintus Caecilius Metellus Creticus Philip (Tetrarch) Aretas IV Ishmael ben Phiabi 15–16 CE Silanus 12–17 Eleazar ben Ananus 16–17 CE 4 BCE – 34 CE (33?) 9 BCE – 40 CE Simon ben Camithus 17–18 CE Herod Antipas (Tetrarch) 4 BCE – 39 CE Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso 17–19 20 CE Valerius Gratus 15–26 Gnaeus Sentius Saturninus 19–21

Tiberius Joseph Caiaphas 18–36 CE Lucius Aelius Lamia 22–32 14–37

30 CE Pontius Pilate 26–36 Governors of Iturea Lucius Pomponius Flaccus 32–35 Territories administered as part of Governors of Formerly part of Philip’s tetrarchy, the province of Syria Iturea was given to Soemus by Marcellus 36–37 Chalcis Lucius Vitellius 35–39 Caligula after Philip’s death. Jonathan ben Ananus 36–37 Agrippa I (King) 37–44 (Batanaea, Trachonitis & Abila) Gaius Caligula Marullus 37–41 The status of Chalcis between 30 Theophilus ben Ananus 37–41 BCE and 41 CE is unknown. 37–41 40 CE Publius Petronius 39–41/42 Agrippa I (King) 39–43/44 Agrippa I (King) 39–43/44 Simon Cantatheras b. Boethus 41–43 Agrippa I (King) 41–43/44 Matthias ben Ananus 43 Gnaeus Vibius Marsus 41/42–44/45 Soemus (King) Elioneus b. Simon Cantatheras 43–44 Herod of Chalcis (Tetrarch) Jonathan ben Ananus 44 38–49 Cuspius Fadus 44–46? 41–48/49 (responsible for appointing the Jerusalem Joseph ben Camei 44–48 Tiberius Julius Alexander 46?–48 Cassius Longinus 45–49 Territories annexed to the high priest after Agrippa I) Claudius Territories annexed to the Ananias ben Nebedaeus 48–49* Ventidius Cumanus 48–49* reestablished province of Other rulers of 41–54 reestablished province of Judaea Agrippa II (Tetrarch) interest 50 CE Judaea Iturea was incorporated into the 49–53 province of Syria upon Soemus’ Gallio (Proconsul of Achaea) Marcus Antonius Felix 49–56* death. c. 51–52 Ishmael ben Phiabi 49–59* Malichus II Gaius Ummidius Durmius The status of Chalcis after 53 is uncertain. 40–70 Quadratus 49–60

Porcius Festus 56–62 60 CE Nero Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo Joseph Cabi ben Simon 59–63 60–63 54–68 Lucceius Albinus 62–64

Ananus ben Ananus 63 Gessius Florus 64–66 Cestius Gallus 63–67 Jesus ben Damneus 63 Jesus ben Gamaliel 63–64 Mattathias ben Theophilus 65–66 Marcus Antonius Julianus 66–70 Gaius Licinius Mucianus 67–69 Galba / Otho / Vitellius 68–69 Phannias ben Samuel 67–70 70 CE Sextus Vettulenus Cerialis 70–71 Lucius Caesennius Paetus 70–72 Agrippa II (King) Agrippa II (King) 53–100 Aristobulus of Chalcis * These dates are based on the arguments put forth by 55–100 Vespasian Daniel R. Schwartz, Studies in the Jewish Background of (territorial expansions continued until 61) 57–92 Christianity. All dates for high priests and procurators 69–79 during this period are uncertain due to the lack of precise dates given by Josephus and discrepancies in the information recorded by Josephus, Tacitus, and Rabbi Johanan. Rabel II Titus 79–81 70–105 ** It’s not known for certain who was legate of Syria from 4 until 1 BCE.