3058 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February 14, 1974 carriers that have joint fare arrangements It is Ordered- ticket and deplane at Memphis, either de with .Allegheny over Washington. Obviously 1. That the tariff provision of Allegheny stroying or reselling the remaining Memphis Eastern is not going to lose Providence traf Airlines, Inc., containing the proposed rout Little Rock ticket coupon and saving $6.48 fic to any such proportion of volume. ing 30, to the extent that it is a rule or regu in coach service. United maintains that it In its brief Eastern raised for the first lation affecting the fares between Hartford could lose $150,000 in revenue in the Mem time following the entry of the investigation and Washington as contained on 18th revised phis market if all its passengers used the order a contention that Allegheny cannot use page 26 of Agent C. C. Squire's CAB No. 44, lower Little Rock-Los Angeles joint fares it Providence as an intermediate point between be allowed to become effective; would be forced to establish. Washington and Hartford/Springfield to 2. That the investigation instituted by American has not answered United's com ccmply with the condition in its certificate order E-16614 on April 5, 1961, be termi plaint. that it shall schedule service to a minimum nated; Upon consideration of all relevant matters, of one intermediate point, exclusive of New 3. That the complaints of American Air the Board finds that the complaint does not York, between Washington and Hartford/ lines, Inc., in docket 12255, and Eastern Air set forth facts sufficient to warrant suspen Springfield. Allegheny has moved to strike Lines, Inc., in docket 12253, be dismissed. sion, and consequently the request therefor those pages of Eastern's brief directed to will be denied. This matter is already under this argument. It is clear from the order of investigation in Phase 9 of the Domestic Pas investigation that the Board did not intend [United States of America, Civil Aeronautics senger-Fare Investigation. to place this question in issue and in any Board, Washington, D.C., Order 71--4-119] We recognize that the propooal will result event Eastern should have raised the ques ORDER DISMISSING COMPLAINT in an anomaly in the fare structure, in that tion at the prehearing conference. The mo Little Rock-Los Angeles passengers traveling tion of Allegheny will be granted and ac Adopted by the Civil Aeronautics Board cordingly the language in Eastern's brief on at its office in Washington, D.C., on the 19th via Memphis will pay less than Memphis pages 7, 8, and 9 directed to this issue has day of April, 1971. Los Angeles passengers. On the other hand, been ignored. Fare and routing changes proposed by it will result in additional service alterna On the basis of the foregoing findings and American Airlines, Inc., Docket 23228. tives for Little Rock passengers at the direct conclusions and all the facts of record, it By tariff revisions 1 marked to become ef route fa.re. is found- fective on April 25, 1971, American Airlines, American's proposal will, as alleged, make it 1. That the proposed routing 30 to the ex Inc. (American) proposes to revise its fares possible for a Los Angeles-Memphis passenger tent that it is a rule or regulation affecting and applicable routings between Los Angeles to purchase a lower-priced Los Angeles-Lit the fares between Hartford and Washington and Little Rock. Presently American pub tle Rock ticket for his transportation. How as contained on 18th revised page 26 of Agent lishes two local fares, one applying to direct ever, we are not persuaded that abuse of this C. C. Squire's CAB 44 will not be unjust or service, and a second applicable via Memphis sort will occur in significant degree. In any unreasonable, or unjustly discriminatory, or at a level equal to the Los Angeles-Memphis event, if such abuse should occur, we would 'Qnduly preferential, or unduly prejudicial, or fare. American's proposal would cancel the expect that American would take appropriate otherwise unlawful. second-level fare and routing and apply the measures to curtail it, since it likewise has 2. That said tariff provision should be al direct fare to service via Memphis. an interest in preserving its revenues from lowed to become effective. United Air Lines, Inc., (United) has filed servi~e to Memphis. 3. That the investigation instituted by or a complaint urging suspension and investi Accordingly, pursuant to the Federal Avia der E-16614 on April 5, 1961, should be tion Act of 1958, and particularly sections terminated and the complaints of American gation of the proposal, alleging that charging the direct-route fare for service via Memphis 204, 403, 404, and 1002 thereof, Airlines, Inc., in docket 12255, and Eastern It is ordered that: Air Lines, Inc., in docket 12253, should be would cause substantial revenue losses for both American and United, since it would 1. The complaint of United Air Lines, Inc., dismissed. in Docket 23228 is dismissed; and An appropriate order follows. undercut both existing joint fares which ap 2. A copy of this order be served upon ORDER ply for services conneoting at Memphis and American Airlines, Inc., and United Air Lines, A full public hearing having been held in the direct Memphis-Los Angeles fares. United Inc. the above-entitled proceeding, and, upon is concerned that Memphis-bound passengers This order shall be published in the Fed consideration of the record, there having would purchase the lower-priced Little Rock eral Register. been issued an initial de<:ision containing By the Civil Aeronautics Board: :findings and conclusions which is a.ttached 1 Revisions to Airline Tariff Publishers, Inc., HARRY J. ZINK, hereto and made a part hereof: Agent, Tariff C.A.B. Nos. 99 and 136. Secretary.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Thursday, Februa1·y 14, 1974 The House met at 12 o'clock noon. ceedings and announces to the House Mr. MOORHEAD of Pennsylvania. Mr. The Chaplain, Rev. Edward G. Latch, his approval thereof. Speaker, under clause 8 of House rule D.D., offered the following prayer: Without objection, the Journal stands XI, the Committee on Government Oper approved. ations has jurisdiction over studying the Thy Word is a lamp unto my feet and There was no objection. operations of Government activities at a light unto my path.-Psalms 119: 105. all levels with a view to determining its O God and Father of us all, guardian economy and efficiency. In the fall of of our pilgrim way and guide of our REQUEST TO TRANSFER CONSENT 1970, the Foreign Operations and Gov spirits through life, for this moment we CALENDAR ernment Information Subcommittee, would turn away from the clamor of a which I chair, began a study of the econ busy world to lift our hearts unto Thee Mr. O'NEILL. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that the business in omy and efficiency of international air that we may discern more clearly Thy travel by Government officials. We found will for us and for our Nation. Cleanse order under the Consent Calendar rule, clause 4, rule may be transferred that the Department of Defense travel Thou our minds, strengthen our souls, xm, ers--both civilian and military-were give us wisdom, and make us ready for from Monday, February 18, to Tuesday, February 19', 19'14. transported by the U.S. international air the responsibilities of these disturbing carriers at substantially lower rates than days. The SPEAK.ER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Mas were the official travelers of the non Thy love divine hath led us in the past; sachusetts? defense agencies. Efforts had been made In this free land by Thee our lot is cast; Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, I object. over the years to CJbtain the lower rates Be Thou our ruler, guardian, guide, and for all U.S. Government official travelers stay, but to no avail. Thy word our law, Thy paths our chosen By unanimous vote, the House Com way. ECONOMY AND EFFICIENCY OF IN mittee on Government Operations ap In the spirit of Him who is the Way, TERNATIONAL AIR TRAVEL BY proved and adopted our report entitled GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS "Economy and Efficiency of International the Truth, and the Life, we pray. Amen. Air Travel by Government Officials." (M1·. MOORHEAD of Pennsylvania House Report No. 93-599, October 19, THE JOURNAL asked and was given permission to ex 1973. In the report it was recommended tend his remarks at this point in the that: The SPEAKER. The Chair has exam RECORD and to include extraneous mat In view of the progress made during the ined the Journal of the last day's pro- ter.) course of the subcommittee's study-though February 14, 1974 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 3-059 tardily in most instances-the Committee's to include all Government official travel governmental use of chartered aircraft to recommendations are limited to the follow ers and their dependents. transport official governmental travelers ing: Essentially what this means is that of and was assured that there were not. In 1. The Administrator of the General Serv view of the 14 years' history of the De ices Administration should immediately is ficial Government travelers will be trans sue appropriate policy directives to permit ported in planeload groups between, say partment of Defense plane load charter the Department of Defense to place a char Dull.es Airpo1·t and major airports over system and the assurances from the Civil tered air shuttle system into operation and seas such as London, Frankfurt, Madrid, Aeronautics Board, it became apparent l·equire the Government's official travelers Rome, Athens, Istanbul, Ankara, Tokyo, that new legislation is not needed to ex to use such system except when use of other Hong Kong, Saigon, Bangkok, Panama, pand the already existing Department of means of overseas transporta-tion are spe and San Juan. Many of the Govern Defense airlift system. Interestingly, the cifically justified on individual travel author ment's travelers are traveling on official Secretary of the Department of Trans ization and individually approved by the in Head of the Department or Agency concerned. business to these precise points. Others portation commenting on the proposed 2. The Secretary of Defense should-im may be going to other nearby cities in expansion of the airlift system stated mediately upon receipt of a delegation of connection with their official duties. In that he felt the proposal has merit and authority from the Administrator of the those cases, they will be transported to should be developed. General Services Administration-direct its one of the foregoing major airports-at Equally important, during our delib Military Airlift Command to establish and a cost of 2% cents per passenger-mile erations we considered how expansion of operate, under charter, a worldwide air from which they will proceed to their the Department of Defense airlift sys shuttle system for the overseas transporta final destination on regularly scheduled tem to include all governmental overseas tion of all official overseas travelers. flights at regular commercial rates. For travelers would affect usage of our fuel In concluding our 1972 hearings on example, a State Department official supplies. Simply stated, it is more effi this subject, I urged officials of the Gen assigned to Oslo, Norway, would be trans cient, in terms of fuel usage, to fly a plane eral Services Administration to again at ported to London, England-3,658 with a 100-percent seat occupancy than tempt to negotiate fair and equitable miles-at 2 % cents per mile-on the gov to fly with only a 50- to 60-percent seat rates with the scheduled airlines. I also ernmental air shuttle at which point he occupancy. Also, looking to further fuel asked the Comptroller General to deter would transfer to PanAm flight 102 and conservation in light of the present fuel mine whether the procedures followed continue on to Oslo-730 miles, at 7% emergency, the Civil Aeronautics Board, by the Civil Aeronautics Board in deter cents per mile. Should this official instead on November 16, 1973, issued an order to mining special Department of Defense be assigned to Moscow, why, of course, permit the U.S. scheduled international rates were adequate to produce a fair and he could connect with a PanAm flight air carriers to transport Department of equitable return for the airlines. Subse from London to Moscow. Currently, our Defense plane load charter passengers quently, I was advised that the special Government is paying $291 to transport on their scheduled flights-at the special Department of Defense rates are in real this State Department official to Oslo. charter rates. Not only can we save fuel, ity adequate to provide efficient carriers Under the expanded Department of De we can also fill up some of those empty with an opportunity to earn 10.5 percent fense airlift system, we will be paying seats for the air carriers-but at special profit on this .segment of their business. less than $150. Savings on transporting Government charter rates, which is as OIDcials of the General Services Ad our officials to locations in the Far East it should be. ministration testified, during our 1973 are even more impressive because of the Mr. Speaker, what it all comes down to hearings, that neither of the two larger initial longer distances involved-Wash is this: What is the Government going to U.S. international air carriers would con ington to Tokyo equals $207 as compared pay to transport its overseas travelers? sider lower rates for the Government's to our current cost of $585. For the past 14 years, the Department nondefense business in spite of the fact As U.S.-fiag carriers service the major of Defense has been transporting its that many elements of their costs-such overseas airports mentioned, I foresee overseas travelers in plane load groups as travel agency commissions, special no increased usn.ge of foreign-flag car at rates which are roughly one-third the promotional advertising cost, credit card riers to transport our Government trav rate paid by our other Government agen fees, and billing costs-are not attribut elers. Naturally, I will expect the General cies. The Civil Aeronautics Board has able to Government passengers. Thus, it Accounting Office to monitor this expan reviewed these special rates yearly-for became necessary for our Government sion of the Department of Defense airlift the past 14 years-and has concluded to look for other more efficient and more system to insure full use of U.S.-flag that the special rates will permit an economical methods of transporting its carriers. efficient air carrier to earn a 10 ~-per official travelers. Likewise, I foresee no increased cost to cent profit on this segment of its busi Mr. Speaker, I am pleased to report the Government as a result of layovers ness. The General Accounting Office that officials Df the Department of De while travelers wait for ongoing trans auditors have checked the Civil Aero fense, the General Services Administra portation. Under current Government nautics Board review system and found tion, the Department of State, and other regulations, official Government travelers nothing to criticize. Thus, it seems only agencies heavily involved in U.S. overseas are permitted a rest stop in connection proper that the Government expand the operations-through mutual cooperation with most international flights because Department of Defense airlift system to with one another-have developed a sys of the long distances involved. It is not include all its overseas travelers. tem for the mass transportation of all unreasonable for an official traveler We also are faced with the necessity of official overseas Government travelers. after having flown for more than 17 hours fairly distributing the Government's The airlift system-the initial phase of on his way to an official duty station 1n business to all segments of the U.S. air which will commence by May 1, 1974- the Orient-to be permitted a rest stop carrier industry. With the termination will reduce the cost to the Government in, say, Tokyo before completing his trip. of direct U.S. involvement in South Viet in transporting our overseas travelers Here again, I would expect the General nam, the Government's business with from 7% to 2% cents per passenger-mile Accounting Office to monitor this expan the U.S. international air carriers h~,s for the initial long leg of the travelers' sion of the Department of Defense sys dropped from a high of about $700 mil tem to insure the utmost of economy and lion in 1968 to roughly $400 million fer journey. The Department of Defense efficiency. After all, this airlift system 1973. . computers estimate that the savings to has worked efficiently and economically Our Government has a responsibility the America:u taxpaye1·s will be $20 to $30 for the Department of Defense for the to see that this reduced Government million per year---eaeh and every year. past 14 years; thus, there is no reason to business is fairly distributed to all seg During the past 14 years, the Depart believe that it will not work equally well ments of the U.S. international air ment of Defense has contracted with for the balance of the Government trav carrier industry. This we can better do certified U.S. air carriers-at rates set elers. through the expansion of the Depart by the Civil Aeronautics Board-for plane Early during the deliberations on ex ment of Defense airlift system to cover load transportation of its civilian and panding the Department of Defense sys all governmental overseas travelers. military travelers and their dependents tem to include all Government travelers, The expanded airlift system to London from the east and west coasts of the I asked the Chairman of the Civil Aero and Frankfurt will be in operation by Unlted States to appropriate points over nautics Board whether there were any May 1, 197·4. Airlift service to the seas. This system is now being expanded governing factors which might preclude Mediterranean area will commence in 3060 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February 14, 1974 July 1974, followed by inclusion of the Wilson did think of when he thought of ecstacy in that extempore speech are as mov non-Department of Defense passengers mankind. It is clea.r that once he entered ing as anything in the language of the Ameri in the currently existing Defense plane politics he oame more and more to think of can presidency: the working masses whose party he was soon "Again and again, my fellow citizens, load charters to the Far East by the fall to lead. (I have argued elsewhere that the mothers who lost their sons in France have of this year. role of the International Labor Organization come to me and, taking my hand, have shed Mr. Speaker, let there be no doubt, I in his view of the League system was larger tears upon it not only, but they have added, come here firmly convinced of the than generally appreciated, as was also the 'God bless you, Mr. President I' Why, my fel wisdom of this proposed system. I will role of the ILO in the defeat of the Cov low citizens, should they pray God to bless be most pleased to explain this matter enant.) He came to think, surely, of man me? I advised the Congress of the United further to any of our colleagues. Al.'30, the kind as inclusive of persons who spoke other States to create the situation that led to the subcommittee staff is available for in than English, and on his great Western tour death of their sons. I ordered their sons over in quest of the Covenant, would say so with sea. I consented to their sons being put in depth explanation of the mass trans a candor now quite lost to American public the most difficult parts of the battle line, portation system to be used to trans life: where death was certain, as in the impene port our overseas travelers. "Do you know where Azerbaijan is? (He trable difficulties of the forest of Argonne. I will also be most plea.sed to provide asked his audience speaking of the Peace Why should they weep upon my hand and copies of our printed hearings and re Oonference in San Francisco on September call down the blessing of God upon me? Be port on this subject matter to any col 18, 1919). Well, one day there came in a very cause they believe that their boys died ifor league who wants copies. For immediate dignified and interesting group of gentle something that vastly transcends any of the delivery, please phone the subcommittee men from Azerbaijan. I did not have time immediate and palpable objects of the war. until they were gone to find where they They believe, and they rightly believe, that office-extension 5371-and ask for came from, but I did find this out immedi their sons saved the liberty of the world. House Report 93-599. ately, that I was talking to men who talked They believe that wrapped up with the liberty the same language that I did in respect of of the world is the continuous protection of ideas, in respect of conceptions of liberty, that liberty by the concerted powers of all in respect of conceptions of right and jus- civilized people. They believe that this sacri ADDRESS BY DANIEL P. MOYNIHAN, tice ...." fice was made in order that other sons should VICE CHAIRMAN, BOARD OF It is at such points, of course, that one not be called upon for a similar gift--the inclines to quarrel with Wilson: How can gift of life, the gift of all that died-and if TRUSTEES, WOODROW WILSON he a;sk us to believe that he believed such we did not see this thing through, if we ful INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR things? Worse: What if indeed he did? And filled the dearest present wish of Germany SCHOLARS, ON THE OCCASION OF for a new generation influenced at most by and now dissociated ourselves from those THE 50TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE what I should suppose is now an attenuated alongside whom we fought in the war, would DEATH OF PRESIDENT WOODROW Wilsonianism there are vastly greater dif not something of the halo go away from the WILSON ficulties of his concluding assertion: gun over the mantelpiece, or the sword? "And I did find this out, that the Azer Would not the old uniform lose something (Mr. BRADEMAS asked and was given baijanis were, with all the other delegations olf its significance? These men were crusad permission to extend his remarks at this that came to see me, metaphorically speak ers. They were not going forth to prove the point in the RECORD and to include ex ing, holding their hands out to America and might of the United States. They were going traneous matter.) saying, 'You are the disciples and leaders forth to prove the might of justice and right, Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, I was of the free world; can't you come and help and all the world accepted them as crusad us?'" ers, and their transcedent achievement has privileged to be present on February 3, I suppose there are among us those who made all the world believe in America. as it 1974, at the Smithsonian Institution for would be willing to advise the Azerbaijanis believes in no other nation organized in the an event marking the 50th anniversary of on the correct pricing policies for crude oil, modern world. There seems to me to stand the death of President Woodrow Wilson. but for the rest ... no, we fall hack in dis between us and the rejection or qualification Two distinguished Americans, former belief. Even such as I do, who were taught, of this treaty the serried ranks of those boys Ambassador George F. Kennan, and our if anything, to move forward in acceptance. in khaki, not only these boys who came present Ambassador to India, the Hon What then does it matter what he thought home, but those dear ghosts that still de orable Daniel P. Moynihan, delivered of mankind? It matters because therein re ploy upon the fields of France." sides the essence of his quest for legi.timacy He tells of visiting a cemetery in France outstanding addresses on this occasion. in the world order, a quest which still eludes where French women tended American The event was sponsored by the Wood us, and which, if I am not altogether wrong, graves: row Wilson International Center for honesty requires that we acknowledge can "France was free and the world was free Scholars, of which Dr. James H. Billing not any longer be successfully pursued in because America had come! I wish some men ton is director. Wilsonian terms. in public life who are now opposing the set Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent There is no mystery here. Wilson's was a tlement for which these men died could to insert at this point in the RECORD the profoundly optimistic, Christian view of visit such a spot as that. I wish that the man's condition. His vision of a world order thought that comes out of those graves text of the address of Ambassador Moy was a religious vision: of the natural good could penetrate their consciousness. I wish nihan, who also serves as vice chairman ness of man prevailing through the Holy that they could !feel the moral obligation of the Board of Trustees of the Woodrow Ghost of reason. That it were Calvinist I will that rests upon us not to go back on those Wilson International Center for Scholars. not contest; the distinctions are small, given boys, but to see the thing through, to see it The address follows: the gulf between belief and disbelief, and it through to the end and make good their re ADDRESS BY DANIEL P. MOYNIHAN, VICE CHAIR was neither reformed nor unreformed in its demption of the world. For nothing less de MAN, BOARD OF TRUSTEES, WOODROW WIL fundamentally Christian conviction that pends upon this decision, nothing less than SON INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR ScHOLARS such visions are not in fact attained on the liberation and salvation of the world." ON THE OCCASION OF THE 50TH ANNIVERSARY earth. Or at very least, in its susceptibility to such conviction. WILSON'S LEGALLY OF THE DEATH OF PRESIDENT WOODROW What is one to make of this? Was he WILSON THE PUEBLO SPEECH right? We have almost given off asking such Woodrow Wilson once began an address to We gather on the anniversary of his death questions, much less answering. But this, an occasion such as this by saying that when in Washington in 1924, but of course he died surely, is clear. It was very late in the his he thought of mankind he did not think of in the public sense on his way back from tory of the West to put any large public men in dinner jackets. This is not precisely Pueblo, Colorado, on the night of September question in such terms. Carl J. Friederich so recorded by Arthur Link, but I was taught 25th, 1919. He was only once ever again to and Charles Blitzer are correct, surely, that it by Ruhl Bartlett, and so much more of the speak in public, on Armistice Day in 1924, a with the religious revival of the 17th Cen same as to qualify as a third generation Wil few weeks before the final end. The Pueblo tury, and the wars of that Century, "Once sonian, studious of texts, but accepting as speech is to be reread: the last of thait West ag.ain, and for the last time, Life was seen equally of apocrypha. that evoke the spirit ern tour. It is surely a premonition, an evo as meaningful in religious, even theological, and the mystery of the man, as of the lit cation almost, of death. A speech from the terms ..."For the last time. A half century Cross. A speech to be sure by a Presbyterian from Wilson, official belief is trivialized to eral and undemanding facts. I will speak, as St. Jerome, contesting texts to the very end, the point of contempt and contemptibility. it were, from a mixture of both, for there is but a Passion withal. It is a premonition of What will be more wondrous in two years a Wilson who to any such as I still summons his own death, and a prophesy, I suppose, of time: that the Republic has survived two one to belief and dis·belief and to a search the death of the Western civilization that centuries, or that in a mere two centuries for understanding of things necessary if not would not be saved, excepting always that it has wholly lost the power to celeb;rate possible to know. those who believed would be saved, the City that survival. But one is not to pity the WILSON'S VIEW OF MANKIND would not be saved: the City would be lost Bicentennial Commissioners, if there are One would like to know, for it would mat now to war and rumors of war. any left, for their fumblings mirror our gen ter, just what, if not men in dinner jackets, The Biblican iambic, the New Testament eral fate. Nor for that matter lament the February 14, 1974 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3061 loss of the halo round the gun over the I respectfully solicit the support of my the request of the gentleman from Mas mantlepiece. A world without God, Woodrow colleagues for this realistic propasal for sachusetts? Wilson's or whomsoever's, is necessarily a giving a measure of tax relief to those There was no objection. world without pity. Sentiment is not the same, and its origin ls in fear not faith. who need it most. The world does not share his faith, much as individually we might wish otherwise; nrcREASING THE PRODUCTIVITY and we do not share his optimism. But we LEGISLATIVE PROGRAM OF SMALL FORESTS can share his sense of personal and national honor, his ethic of effort, his nerve of failure,
EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS
FEDERAL CIVILIAN EMPLOYMENT, Committee on Reduction of Federal Ex Employment in the Legislative Branch in DECEMBER 1973 penditures: December totaled 34,105-an increase of 265, and the Judicial Branch decreased 257 dur FEDERAL CIVILIAN EMPLOYMENT, ing the month to a total of 8,682. These DECEMBER 1973 figures are from reports certified by the HON. GEORGE H. MAHON Total civilian employment in the Execu agencies as compiled by the Joint Committee 011' TEXAS tive, Legislative and Judicial Branches of the on Reduction of Federal Expenditures. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Federal Government in December 1973 was EXECUTIVE BRANCH 2,810,239 as compared with 2,795,567 in the Thursday, February 14, 1974 Civilian employment in the Executive preceding month of November-a net in Branch in December, as compared with the Mr. MAHON. Mr. Speaker, I include a crease of 14,672. Total pay for November preceding month of November, with June release highlighting the December 1973 1973, the latest month for which actual ex six months ago and with December a year civilian personnel report of the Joint penditures are available, was $2,965,256,000. ago, follows:
Full-time in Temporary, permanent part-time, Total positions Change etc. Change employment Change
Monthly change: November 1973 ••• :. ••• ..:.:.·•• ___ •. :: .·.:: ______••. ------.:-=-- _____ :; -=-. ______..: 2, 426, 093 ------= 326, 685 ------2, 752, 778 ------~------2, 432, 473 +6, 380 334, 979 +8, 294 6-monthDecember change: 1973 •• __ -············------···------····------2, 767, 452 +14, 674 June 1973 •• ------· •.••• ..:.::. =------_....•• :.::::.:.:.:. ...•••.•.••. _. ..: 2, 421, 700 ------359, 189 ---·····------= 2, 780, 889 ------=------..: December 1973 •••• _. ··----__ •• ------___ ••.••• ·------___ ·----· ------2, 432, 473 +10, 773 334, 979 -24, 210 2, 767 I 452 -13, 437 12-month change: 2, 457, 667 ______.; December 1972 •• ;; ••••. ::••• : .:. •••••••• __ ••.•• ------..: •••:. • ..:.: •••• ______.; 331, 083 -·······------.: 2, 788, 750 .;::.:..:.-••.••••• .: December 1973. __ • ··-----····-.. _____ ------. ··-· ___ _ 2, 432, 473 -25, 194 334, 979 +3, 896 2, 767, 452 -21, 298
Some highlights with respect to Executive in Postal Service, Health, Education, and Wel 1975 budget document submitted by the :Branch employment for the month of De fare, and Treasury; and the Defense agencies President on February 4, 1973: cember and during the first six months of showed a major offsetting decrease over the ~cal year 1974 are: six month period. Civilian Military Total employment in the month of De Based on the present level of full-time agencies agencies Total cember for executive agencies shows an in permanent employment in December it crease of 14,674, primarily in Postal Service would appear that the President's new budget December 1973 •..••••• ..: 1, 449, 641 982, 832 2, 432, 473 with 14,397, Treasury with 1,947 and Health, requests would provide for an increase of June 1973. ______1,434,419 987,281 2,421, 700 Budget projections: Education, and Welfare with 1,543. The major more than 48,000 by the end of the current June 1974 ______1,455,300 1,025,300 2,480,600 decrease was in Agriculture with 1,771. fiscal year on June 30, 1974 and an addi June 1975 ______1,477,800 1,025,000 2,502,800 During the first six months of fl.seal year tional 22,200 by the end of fiscal year 1975. 1974 total employment in the executive agen BUDGET PROJECTIONS In addition, Mr. Speaker, I would like cies decreased 13,437, primarily due to a. de The following 1s a summary of full-time to include a tabulation, excerpted from crease of 19,175 in Defense agencies. Much permanent employment-the relatively stable of this six month cha.nge 1s due to seasonal hard-core of federal civilian employment the joint committee report, on person factors and summer youth employment. (excluding categories of temporary employ nel employed full-time in permanent Full-time permanent employment in the ment which are subject to sharp seasonal positions by executive branch agencies executive branch increased 6,380 during De :fiuctuations)-comparing December 1973 during December 1973, showing compari cember and 10,773 over the first six months of with June 1973 and with the budgeted p['ojec sons with June 1972, June 1973, and the fl.seal year 1974. The increases were primarily tions for June 1974 and 1975, contained in the new budget estimates for June 1974:
FULL-TIME PERMANENT EMPLOYMENT
Estimated Estimated June June December June 30, June June December June 30, Major agencies 1972 1973 1973 1974 1 Major agencies 1972 1973 1973 19741
Agriculture ______._ •• __ •••• _••• .: ••• __ .::: 82, 511 81, 715 78, 997 80, 200 Environmental Protection Agency •• :. ••••••••. ..::: 7,835 8,270 8, 537 9, 200 Commerce •••• _____ ------_____ .. _•• ----··· • ..: 28, 412 28,300 27, 975 28,600 General Services Administration ______.; 36, 002 35, 721 35, 469 37, 200 Defense: National Aeronautics and Space Administration 27, 428 25,955 25, 682 25, 000 Civil functions·----·-- ·------~:: 30, 585 29, 971 28, 506 28, 700 Panama Canal.------:: 13, 777 13, 689 13, 709 14, 000 Military functions ------1, 009, 548 957, 310 954, 326 996,600 Selective Business Administration ______.: 3,916 4, 050 3, 955 4, 100 Health, Education, and Welfare______105, 764 114,307 120, 942 2 123, 900 Selective Service System ______..: 5, 791 4,607 3, 437 3, 100 Housing and Urban Development______.; 15, 200 15, 820 15, 194 14, 800 Tennessee Valley Authority ______..; 14, 001 13, 995 13, 553 14, 000 Interior ••••. ------56, 892 56, 771 56, 708 58, 900 U.S. Information Agency ______..: 9,255 9,048 8,871 9, 100 Justice ••••• ------..: 45, 446 45, 496 46, 892 48, 900 Veterans'All other agenciesAdministration ______..•. ------__ ----- ..: 163, 179 170,616 171, 526 173, 400 labor------__ ------_____ ..: 12, 339 12, 468 12, 216 12, 700 Contingencies ______33, 499 34,603 34, 449 .;: 37, 300 State ______.------.------__ ------..: 22, 699 22, 578 22, 460 23, 400 2, 000 Agency for International Development_____ 11, 719 10, 108 9,618 9,900 Transportation______67, 232 67, 885 67, 249 69, 500 SubtotaL------1, 910, 854 1, 874, 417 1, 875, 706 1, 942, 700 TreasurY---·-·-·------····------..: 95, 728 98,087 102, 043 104, 700 U.S. Postal Service______594, 834 547,283 556, 767 537, 900 7, 145 7, 305 7,400 ~l~;T1~~~~!~oc,g~;~;r;~~~::::::::::::::::::: ~; ~~g 5,911 6,087 6, 100 Total 3···-···-···------···-----· 2, 505, 688 2, 421, 700 2, 432, 473 2,480,600
1 Source: As projected in 1975 budget document submitted by the President on Feb. 4, 1974. a December figure excludes 972 disadvantaged persons in public service careers programs as 2 Excludes 4,000 positions involved in proposed transfer of St. Elizabeths Hospital to the District compared with 1,043 in November. of Columbia. February 14, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3071 LITHUANIA WILL CELEBRATE HER ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL OPPOR DR. GERALD MURPHY, DffiECTOR INDEPENDENCE ON FEBRUARY 16 TUNITIES, INC., OF SANTA CLARA OF ROSWELL PARK MEMORIAL COUNTY, CALIF., MAKES DRA INSTITUTE, TESTIFIES ON CAN CER CONTROL PROGRAMS HON. ROBERT P. HANRAHAN MATIC RECOVERY OF ILLINOIS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. DON EDWARDS HON. JACK F. KEMP Thursday, February 14, 1974 OF NEW YORK OF CALIFORNIA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. HANRAHAN. Mr. Speaker, on IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES February 16, the great country of Lith Thursday, February 14, 1974 uania will celebrate the anniversary of Thursday, February 14, 1974 Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, cancer cen her independence. Accordingly I would Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr. ters, and the research promoted therein like to submit the fallowing resolution Speaker, I would like to tell you and are an integral part of our community by the Lithuanian American Society for and our country. Western New York is inclusion in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD: my colleagues a most heartening success story about an antipoverty program in indeed fortunate to have Roswell Park RESOLUTION Memoriai Institute, one of the most pro my district. Metropolitan Washington area. residents, gressive and well-directed cancer centers gathered on February 10, 1974, at the Wash Richard J. Rios became the executive in America, at our disposal. It is vitally ington Hotel under the auspices of the Lith director of Economic & Social Oppor uanian American Society and Communit y to important to the citizens of this Nation observe the Lithuanian Independence Day, tunities, Inc. on December 6, 1971. ESO that we continually expand our knowl extend their greetings to the freedom loving is a nonprofit charitable community ac edge in the area of cancer research, and people of Lithuania and bring the following tion agency which serves Santa Clara support our many worthy centers across resolutions to the attention of the President, County in California. Mr. Rios inherited the country. the Secretary of State, and Members of Con gress of the United States: a very difficult job. At that time ESO Mr. Speaker, with this in mind, I would Recalling President Nixon's second Inau was on the verge of collapse. Past fund like to insert into the RECORD the testi gural Address wherein he reaffirmed the prin ing had been mismanaged and financial mony of Dr. Gerald P. Murphy, director ciple "that no oountry has the right to im records were a mess. Slighted subcon of Roswell Park Memorial Institute, Buf pose its will or rule on another by force" and tractors and consultants were filing suits falo, N.Y. Dr. Murphy is a member of urged a structure of peace in the world "in against the agency for payments which the President's National Cancer Advisory which the weak are as safe as the strong," Board, chairman of the Cancer Control we regret to note that the Government of past administrations failed to pay. Com the United States, as far as is known, had munity support was severely lacking, and Committee, and president-elect of the New York State American Cancer So undertaken no initiative in 1973 to remove $16,000 worth of office equipment and one of the remaining obstacles to peace and ciety. security in Europe-the continuing occupa furniture was missing. On February 7, 1974, Dr. Murphy pre tion and subjection of Lithuania, Latvia and It was at this point that ESO, with sented the following testimony on the Estonia by the Soviet Union. This was par Rios at the head and some determined National Cancer Act of 1971: ticularly evident at the Conference on Eu ropean Security and Cooperation initiated by volunteers, began to fight for its life. TESTIMONY OF DR. GERALD P. MURPHY the Soviet Union to legitimize postwar fron An unqualified open-door policy was es Mr. Chairman, I would like to testify on tiers. In the instance of the Baltic States, tablished to show the community and the importance of Cancer Centers and their such frontiers were imposed by the Soviet the government that ESO would not hide associated impact on community outreach Union in connivance with Nazi Germany. cancer control programs. I refer particularly anything and that it was truly an orga to those programs mounted by Comprehen The United States, on July 23, 1940, had con nization for the community. This policy sive Cancer Centers authorized by the Na demned the Soviet aggression against the proved to be very effective. Community tional Cancer Aot of 1971. Moreover, I wish Baltic States and never recognized their for to stress the necessity to review this Act cible absorption by the Soviet Undon. support began to grow and missing prop erty began to mysteriously materialize at this time. As you know, Roswell Park President Nixon, in his second Inaugural Memorial Institute and its large constitu Address, affirmed: "We shall answer to God, until all was recovered. Overhead costs ency supported this Act when this Commit to history, and to our conscience for the way were cut by almost $10,000 per year by tee held its hearings at the Institute in Buf in which we use these years." The continuing consolidating their efforts into one office. falo, New York on 11 October, 1971. , oppression of the people of occupied Lithu In order to make effective funding de Mr. Chairman and members of the Com ania by the Soviet Union violates the United mittee, I am Dr. Gerald P. Murphy, Insti Nations Charter the Universal Declaration cisions a funding task force was estab tute Director of Roswell Memorial Institute of Human Rights and the Genocide Conven lished composed of one-third public, one in Buffalo, New York. Our Institute is the tion ratified by the Soviet Union, as well as third private, and one-third low-income oldest and one of the largest Comprehensive the Nixon-Brezhnev statement of principles persons. At one point the California State Cancer Centers in the world. of 1972, in addition to the violation of peace, Office of Economic Opportunity Auditors I am also a member of the President's nonaggression and friendship treaties con National Cancer Advisory Board. In addition, cluded by the Soviet Union wit h Lithuania, made a surprise audit. The audit showed that under the new management ESO I am Chairman of the Cancer Control Com Latvia and Estonia. mittee on the Advisory Board. Moreover, I Therefore, we urge the Administration to had no disallowed expenses at all. This am President-Elect of the New York State move from a passive policy of nonrecogn ition was truly an amazing feat. ESO's Rich American Cancer Society, and a Director-at and to initiate sustaJ.ned diplomatic efforts ard J. Rios was recently recognized as large of the Society. to convince the Government of the Soviet citizen of the month by a local television As I stated above, I support the renewal Union that restitution of sovereignty to station. of the National Cancer Act of 1971 which Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia would enhance expires June 30, 1974. The consensus of many the true interests and security of the Soviet ESO has made an astonishing and dif segments of the medical and scientific com Union itself, and the trust in, and respect for, ficult recovery. It stands as a tribute to munity agree that the Act has worked well the Soviet Government and its policies and the sacrifices and many hours of work since its inception; however, as in all new would mark a giant stride in creating a struc Mr. Rios and many others put into the ventures; there is room for 1Inprovement t u re of peace envisioned by President Nixon. organization. ESO's motto, "If you just and expansion. The following are my 1In The President's scheduled visit to Moscow want a job, you won't find it at ESO; pressions: should provide the opportunity to test the this is a way of life,'' typifies the effort 1. One feature the Act should make more Kremlin's credibility and sincerity in up strongly, I feel, is the necessary provisions to holding durable peace based on justice and each member of ESO makes. I send my insure that the National Cancer Program con non-interference in internal affairs of other warmest congratulations to Richard J. tinues to be unique from other Health In• states. Rios and his staff for a job well done. stitute programs. I feel that these incon• 3072 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 14, 1974 sistencies could be more administratively a.nd detecting cancer. Greater emphasis must demonstrates what good cancer management answered by reinforcing the position of the be undertaken by Comprehensive Cancer at a Comprehensive Cancer center can National Cancer Institute Director. Centers to reach the practi~ing physicians accomplish. 2. The provisions for full staffing to effectu who undertake the primary care of the can Mr. Chairman, I want to make very sure ate the National Cancer Plan, I feel, should cer patients. These physicians therefore that the Committee understands one point be reinforced by increasing special positions should not only be informed of the most up about which I am emphatic. We have the from 50 to 100 and that they be specified to date and effective techniques in cancer means at independent Comprehensive Can as not to be counted in the usual allotment prevention, detection and treatment but they cer Centers to provide good cancer manage of staff positions to the NCI, but be addi should also be motivated in turn to educat ment because such centers take advantage of tions. People to review and maintain a high ing their patients in methods of prevention new discoveries that are taking place. The quality program are as essential as the pro and detection. The success of the cancer center is where research and education is ac gram itself. control program hinges on how well we out tive. We need to support existing cancer cen 3. The authorization for centers should be reach and as well coordinate our efforts with ters and establish new ones so that they can continued, the number to be determined by other established voluntary and federal transmit their advances in good cancer man the assessment of the needs throughout the health agencies. Comprehensive Cancer Cen agement to all practicing physicians. As you country. In addition, construction authority ters are in some present aspects in the best know, there is a great temporal lag in getting for centers should not be limited to only position to outreach by sending out teams this to a large percentage for some practi clinical centers. However, in stating this, I to community hospitals and providing con tioners. feel there should be some balance. Building sultative service to office based physicians and We urgently need to support existing can more laboratories ls fine, but we must recog by such centers establishing effective use of cer centers and for establishing new inde nize thait we need Comprehensive Cancer established media, i.e., press, radio, televi pendent cancer centers as provided by the Centers that are going to result by 1974 or sion, films, brochures. At Roswell Park National Cancer Act of 1971. We urgently 1977 to an increase of the number of cancer Memorial Institute, we are doing this but need community outreach cancer programs cures. In diooussing Comprehensive Cancer need to do this at a greater level and we, sponsored by cancer centers, so the U.S. citi Centers, I feel it is important to point out like other Comprehensive Cancer Centers, zen can gain the maximum benefits from that such newly identified projects cannot need funds to expand and enhance our pro these centers. be totally supported by federal funds. Fed grams in these directions. Mr. Chairman and members of the Com· eral assistance is, in my opinion, Intended to On February 15, the NCI will review a num mittee, I want to thank you for giving me the provide only Core program aid. Such centeTs ber of applications from Comprehensive Can opportunity to present my views. must have local support to assure their suc cer Centers in this country which are seek cess and future availability. The State of ing awards for financing these outreach can New York has in this regard been most gen cer programs. However, the current level of erous to our own Institution in Buffalo funds for cancer control programs for these throughout its 75-year history. Others must eventual awards Will only cover the begin THE 46TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE in some form do likewlse, for a Comprehen ning of this program. FUTURE FARMERS OF AMERICA sive Cancer Center cannot stand alone. 8. My last point, Mr. Chairman, I feel is 4. On page 6, section 410C, paragraph (b) also important. Whereas cancer centers and subsection ( 1) the words "for direct costs" the academic world are responsible for de HON. WILLIAM H. NATCHER should be inserted after $35,000. The Nation veloping new knowledge and for training OF KENTUCKY al Cancer Institute Director should be given cancer specialists, we have seen funds, par explicit authority to allocate this money for ticularly for training, greatly curtailed. There IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the direct costs of cancer research and train are recognized shortages of certain can~er Thursday, February 14, 1974 ing Without additional interpretations or specialists on all levels. The Act has to make limitations. This appears to have been the definite provisions to supply manpower in Mr. NATCHER. Mr. Speaker, the week case in allocating $35,000 grants as originally some acceptable fashion, so that we can ef of February 16-23 marks the 46th an described in the Act of 1971. fectively implement the National Cancer Act. niversary of the Future Farmers of 5. As regards to the level of appropriation Mr. Chairman, now that I have covered America and the 26th anniversary of and in view of the cost of everything, I urge some speci:fl.c items concerning the revision National FFA Week. It is always a great support that we amend section 410C of the of the National Cancer Act of 1971, I am sure pleasure for me to have the opportunity Act for the next three years by increasing that you might want to know my position on these levels respectively changing $400,000,- identification and measurement of the re to express my admiration for. this out 000 to $750,000,000, $500,000,000, to $830,000, sults of the programmed action that has standing youth organization. ooo and $600,000,000 to $985,000,000. These come about from the National Cancer Act of The FFA is one of the best examples changes would then be for the fiscal years 1971. of youth in action in America today. ending June 30, 1975, June 30, 1976, and It is logical to assume that well planned This organization of students studying June 30, 1977, respectively. and executed programmed activities has and vocational agriculture in over 8,500 high 6. In section 409 Cancer Control Program, Will accelerate progress. It is logical to as schools throughout our Nation are con I feel that this section should be amended by sume that the net effect of all our effort for fident that agriculture has a bright striking out "and" before "$40,000,000 and by the improvement of cancer control has been inserting the followlng increased levels of beneficial. It is not possible at this time, future and they are preparing them appropriations, $65,000,000 for the fiscal year however, to measure or predict the extent selves for a career in this vital industry ending June 30, 1975, $75,000,000 for the to which an individual program has affected that provides food, fiber, and environ fiscal year ending June 30, 1976, and $95,000,- our national progress in the control of cancer. ment not only for our Nation but the 000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1977. Nevertheless, I feel that an analysis of our world. The recent food shortages in this We need to increase the amount for cancer programmed activity at Roswell Park Me country point up the need for continu control. morial Institute and at several established ing a strong vocational agriculture pro 7. The review of this Act must make some Comprehensive Cancer Centers demonstrate provision for evaluation of effectiveness or that treatment for certain cancers has been gram to provide technically trained, impact o:t this program, :tor, the American beneficial. For instance, in one report it has capable, energetic leaders "for tomor people, and I believe all sectors of govern been shown that among 60 acute lympho row's agriculture," theme for 1974 Na ment have a right and a need to know in cytic leukemia patients treated in the past tional FFA Week. defined, reassured steps how this expanded 18 months, 96 % entered complete remission, The traditional celebration of National war on cancer is progressing, and what it has 92 % remained in complete remission at the FFA Week always includes George meant to all of us. Mr. Chairman, I am sure end of the 18 month period which statisti Washington's Birthday, February 22, be that such information 1s available and can cians say indicated that at least 50% of the cause of his interest in farming and his be provided. However, to define and provide patients will remain free of clinical and lab for this information would be reassuring to oratory evidence of disease five years after leadership in the field of scientific farm all those involved in concern over our na diagnosis. End results data from NCI from ing practices. The Father of our Country tional health care. the years 1955-64 showed a 3-year survival considered the life of a farmer to be an Mr. Chairman, implicit within the Na rate of only 5% nationally. We believe that honorable profession, sometimes amus tional Cancer Control Program is the urgent between 30 to 90 % of cancer deaths in man ing and with judicial management, need to educate the public and the medical may oo preventable. A concerted research profitable. profession. The results of research and study effort is being mobilized for cancer of the More than 450,000 students of voca in cancer prevention, detection, therapy, re colon, breast and cancer of the prostate. tional agriculture are members of the habilitation and continuing care must be There ls promise for substantial pay-oft' in communicated in an appropriate form to the t hese organ sites. FFA and it is this group of young people physicians, nurses and paramedical person From our Institute, at present the 5-year who will ultimately emerge as the vital nel who see and treat some 90 % of this coun survival rates for invasive cervical cancer are force to insure that tomorrow's agri try's cancer patients and to the lay public 75- 80 % , endometrial cancer 80 % , and ovar culture will meet the needs and demands :who must play an active role in preventing ian cancer 60-75 % . This is impressive and of tomorrow's consumers. The FFA stim- February 14, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3073 ulates its members to grasp opportunities "IT'S NOT RELAXING" periods of foreign domination. This spirit for leadership, set measurable goals and Charles Madigan, a 21-year-old expert who has repeatedly overcome outside attempts to prepare themselves to lead and appre said he dropped out of the University of Call to replace Lithuanian language and cul ciate their citizenship. fornia at Berkeley to devote full time to ture with those of alien societies. To this chess, gave himself a "slight chance" to de We are justifiably proud of our future feat Spassky. day, Lithuanians have proudly resisted farmers because they are indeed a credit "If it was head to head, it would be a joke," outside pressures and remain faithful to to their country and the influence of Mr. Madigan said. their language, tradition, and religion. their activities has had a far-reaching He added that he tried to devote at least One of the first duties of the repre impact which is highly significant of the four hours a day to studying chess and con sentatives of the Lithuanian people after high caliber of our youth today. firmed that for the serious chessman actual they signed the Declaration of Independ Mr. Speaker, I am delighted and proud play is a tension-filled experience. "It's not ence of Lithuania on February 16 was the relaxing," he said. adoption of a national flag for the new to again offer my congratulations and Despite the relative low standing of the best wishes to this fine organization and field, the play was not expected to be a breeze state. The new national flag of three I sincerely hope that what's ahead "for for Spassky either. horizontal bars symbolized the natural tomorrow's agriculture" will mean a "All this publicity has put him on the beauty of the Lithuanian countryside as bright future for the members of the spot,'' said Frank Brady, who wrote "Profile well as the courage of its people. At the FFA. of a Prodigy," a biography of Bobby Fisher. top was a bar of deep yellow, symbolic of Commenting on "the great egos" of every the golden rye fields and agricultural half serious chess player, Mr. Brady said that "t hey all think they're going to beat h im,'' wealth of the land. In the middle c3,me SPASSKY ON THE WEST SIDE and added, "I'll be very much surprised if a rich green stripe, a reminder of the Spassky wins every game." abundant forests and natural resources SPASSKY TO PLAY KARPOV of Lithuania. The deep red bar at the HON. BELLA S. ABZUG bottom of the flag symbolized the blood OF NEW YORK The demonstration was arranged by Stuart Morden, one of Chess City's three partners, shed by Lithuania's sons in the defense IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES who flew to Puerto Rico to sign up Spassky of freedom. Thursday, February 14, 1974 during bis quarter-finals match against Rob During the period of independence, ert Byrne in the candidates' tournament to great strides were made toward the bet Ms. ABZUG. Mr. Speaker, residents of select a challenger to play Bobby Fisher in terment of her people. Placing emphasis the 20th Congressional District believe next year's world championship. on improving the nation's primary occu they live in the most intellectually stimu Spassky defeated Byrne, the chess column pation-agriculture-through land re lating area in the country, and I agree. ist for the New York Times, and will face form, Lithuania became a nation of small On the night of February 5, the west side Anatoly Karpov in the semifinals in April. Jerry Bernstein, another partner in Chess farmers. As she industrialized and ex lived up to its reputation with a chess City, refused to discuss any of the financial panded her railroad system, she ad tournament at Chess City in which 41 arrangements "at the request of the Rus vanced progresssive social legislation in men, women and children-including a sian," but Spassky was expected to retain at cluding the introduction of the 8-hour 6-year-old boy-simultaneously matched least most of the $1,000 paid by his chal day, labor control laws, and various other wits and endurance with the visiting lengers. social measures to improve the life of Russian grandmaster, Boris Spassky. In addition, Chess City collected $3 from her people. Mr. Spassky, who is hoping to qualify each of the 175 spectators allowed at the match. The Second Woi'ld War, however, for a rematch with American Bobby "We haven't been able to sell a ticket in ended Lithuania's brief period as a sov Fisher in next year's world champion two days,'' Mr. Bernstein told a plaintive ereign state and ushered in an era of ship, put on a dazzling 5-hour perform telephone caller seeking last-minute admis Russian rule that has lasted until the ance as he moved from board to board sion to the match. present day. Thus, Mr. Speaker, we see averaging a few seconds per move. The that the Lithuanian people have enjoyed final score was 32 games won by Mr. few years of freedom. Little wonder, then, Spassky, eight draws and one game won that Lithuanians have a proverb that by Charles Madigan, a 21-year-old chess LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY says, "There is justice in the world but it buff who dropped out of college to de is blind." In a just world, the beautiful vote all his time to the game. HON. FRANK ANNUNZIO land of Lithuania would stand in the It was a great night for chess lovers, ranks of the free world and her coura and a great night for the west side. It OF ILLINOIS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES geous people would enjoy the blessings of would be even greater if the next world liberty. championship contest were to take place Thursday, February 14, 1974 In recognition of the injustice done to in New York City, the home of world Mr. ANNUNZIO. Mr. Speaker, it is a Lithuania, I introduced the following champion Bobby Fisher and thousands privilege for me to join Lithuanian resolution during this week of commemo of amateur chess enthusiasts. ration in the U.S. Congress for a free At this point I am inserting in the REC Americans all over this Nation in com memoration of an outstanding event in Lithuania: ORD an article from the New York Times of February 6. the rich history of Lithuania. Fifty-six CONCURRENT RESOLUTION years ago, on February 16, 1918, a cour FORTY-ONE SPASSKY RIVALS HAVE CHUTZPAH Whereas the three Baltic nations of Es AND $25 ageous people proclaimed to the world tonia, Latvia, and Lithuania have been il its right to stand proudly among free legally occupied by the Soviet Union since (By Robert McG. Thomas Jr.) countries. World War II; and Like a storied gunman riding into town, Whereas the Soviet Union will attempt to Boris Spassky, the Soviet grandmaster, ended The very brief time-less that a quar obtain the recognition by the European Se his brief vacation here last night by facing ter of a century-that the Lithuanian curity Conference of its annexation of these down 41 of the city's brashest pawn slingers people enjoyed the privilege of living in nations, and in a simultaneous tournament at Chess City. independence has left an important im Whereas the United States delegation to Despite Spassky's awesome reputation, few pression on the Lithuanian people. And the European Security Conference should not of the 40 who paid $25 each for the privilege the years of Communist domination and agree to the recognition of the forcible con of playing admitted they expected to lose. Nazi occupation have made their love of quest of these nations by the Soviet Union: "All of me says I can beat him," says Lewis freedom all the more keen. Now, there.fore, be it Grossberger, an unrated player, as he sur Resolved by the House of Representatives veyed the second-story loft at Broadway and Lithuania has been known to history (the Senate concurring), That it is the sense 96t h Street two hours before the scheduled for almost a thousand years. During the of the Congress that the United States dele start of the tournament. Middle Ages, education and religious tol gation to the European Security Conference While most of the field was m ade up of eration were encouraged, and as a re should not agree to the recognition by the players of Mr. Grossberger's caliber, the 40 sult, the people of Lithuania enjoyed European Security Conference of the Soviet challengers included seven experts and one Union's annexation of Estonia, Latvia., and master, Bruce Pandolfini, who appeared as more freedom than their neighbors in Lithuania and it should remain the policy of an analyst on Channel 13's television cover adjoining areas. Her people have been the United States not to recognize in any age of the 1972 match in which Spassky lost strong in faith and spirit surviving as a way the annexation of the Balt ic n ations by the world t itle t o Bobby F isher. cultural and political entity during long the Soviet Union. 3074 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 14, 1974 Mr. Speaker, in keeping with sacred vision 1n this bill which has already reviewed by Federal agencies to be sure principles carefully guarded, the United passed the Senate specifically prohibits that they conform with Federal guide States continues to recognize the inde States from expending any grant money lines. Machinery is set up to demand that pendent Lithuanian Government and af to compensate owners for the loss of each State have a State planning agency ftrms her right of self-determination. I ·property value. with authority to carry out the will of proudly join with Americans of Lithu The supporters of the measure, how .. the Federal Government as outlined in anin.n descent in my own 11th District, in ever, do not care to publicize these re the bill. In order to conform to Federal tlle city of Chicago, and all over this strictions. These provisions are carefully regulations, and thus get the money, country as they share with Lithuanians tucked away in the massive 55-page, 10,- States must adopt a program to regulate everywhere the fervent prayer that their 000-word bill. As a result, a surprising private land sales and development proj bravery and strength of character will number of the Members of Congress who ects. The real clincher, and the one that soon be rewarded, that right will triumph may normally be expected to oppose ex is being used to drum up blind support over injustice, and that Lithuania will be tending Government restrictions over from various special interest groups, in free once more. our citizens are in favor of this bill. volves environmental considerations. The The supporters of land-use legislation Secretary of Interior is given a blackjack maintain that the bill is merely a "volun to use to insure that States restrict the tary" grant-in-aid program intended to use of all "areas of critical environmental RARICK REPORTS TO HIS PEOPLE: encourage States to develop comprehen concern which are of more than state LAND-USE CONTROL, THE QUIET sive plans within the States for use of wide significance." REVOLUTION BECOMES NOISY the land. They would have us believe But the definition, spelled out in this that the plan is not an attempt to force land use bill is "areas of critical environ HON. JOHN R. RARICK a standardized zoning program on the mental control." The areas of control by entire Nation. States are promised mil the Secretary of Interior are "any geo OF LOUISIANA lions of dollars in Federal aid if they set graphical areas whose development IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES up their own land-use programs which might substantially impair the historic, Thursday, February 14, 1974 must be approved by Washington. If cultural, scientific, or aesthetic values Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, private State officials agree to this, they can soon or natural systems or process within ownership of land has always been con expect to be acting as agents of the Fed.. fragile or historic lands." This is so sidered to be the cornerstone of our sys eral Government, rather than carrying widely drawn that almost any land tem of individual liberty. The Constitu out their own zoning plans. could be considered subject to federally tion prohibits the State and Federal Gov The price tag attached to the scheme is dictated zoning restrictions. The deci ernments from taking your property high-more than $1 billion. sion to be made by Washington bureau without just compensation and due proc Some $10 million per year will be used crats. ess of law. But within the next few to set up and operate new Federal agen Interestingly enough, the Nation's months, Congress will consider a far cies to make sure that the "planned largest single land owner, the Federal reaching piece of legislation called the society" crowd's dictates are carried out. Government which owns over one-third "Federal Land Use and Planning Assist This sum is for the administrative costs of the total acreage, is not required to ance Act." If this proposal becomes law, only. An additional $160 million a abide by the land use rules saddled on you may continue to own the title to your year will go to the States to set up a the private land owner. Areas of en property and pay the taxes, but how you State bw·eaucratic power pyramid. These vironmental concern are to be designated use your land will be decided in Wash funds can only be used to pay salaries, only on private, State, and Indian lands. ington. expenses and to fund various studies. In the minority report by the Senate Most Americans do not even know that Other administrative costs will run the committee which studied land use, the land-use control will affect them. But it tab up to more than $1 billion over the opposing Senators said: could become law by this spring. first 8 years of the act. It must be pointed It is not folly to say that in some states The Senate quietly passed the "Fed out that r.ione of this money is to be used every square foot of private property and eral Land Use Planning and Assistance in any productive manner or to contrib state land could fall within such a limitless ute to our economy. It merely goes to pay definition. Here lies the seed of the destruc Act" last summer with little notice by the tion of the American concept and practice general public or the news media. Pro the cost of expensive "planning special of private ownership of land. ponents of land-use legislation have de ists," who are supposed to know more liberately attempted to maintain a low about what is best for the people of a No thinking American wants to see the profile in hopes that the American peo local community than they themselves or land desecrated. Certainly we must take ple would not awaken to the danger be their elected officials. every reasonable precaution to see that fore it was too late. But an increasing In addition, the taxpayers would be the vast lands we inherited from our number of people have awakened. The forced to shell out even more money in forefathers are passed on to our chil ones who realize the destructive poten the form of 25-percent matching funds. dren as unspailed as possible. However, tial do not like it. And for good reason. Then too, the bill would reduce local we must not allow overreaction to en This bill could prove to be the most revenue by lowering the market value of vironmental concerns to overshadow our damaging blow ever dealt to our tradi local property. As one Member of Con concern for human rights and basic free tional concept of the rights of private gress pointed out the other day: doms including the right of private ownership of land. Not only do we tax. away the value of a ownership and control of property. This Land-use legislation is being spear citizen's property, but we tax him to deaith at is precisely what this collectivist con headed by Senator HENRY M. JACKSON of an three levels of government. cept of Federal land control seeks to do. Washington, and places severe restric This is the same old big-carrot-big This land-use concept is being pushed tions on the uses that an owner can make stick approach that the Federal Govern by some of the most powerful people in of his private property. These restrictions ment has used so many times in the past this country, including the President of are dangerously close to Government to entice local and State governments the United States. The President, in his seizure of that land. This was one of the into accepting Federal edicts, despite lo September 17 message to Congress, said: things that the drafters of the Constitu cal needs or wishes. The "big carrot" is I am also convinced that Federal legisla tion feared enough to include a prohibi millions of dollars in promised grants tion is needed now both to stimulate and Bill to support the range of controls that states tion in the of Rights against Govern that States badly need. They need the must institute. ment taking private property without money because local money has been just compensation being paid to the taken away from them by the Federal Administration officials realize that it owner. Government through excessive Federal will be no easy task to shove this con Restrictions placed on the use of prop taxes. cept of land control down the American erty, by Government bodies, reduce the There is vastly more to this piece of people's throats, if all the facts are property in value. A critical issue here legislation than appears on the surface. known. The Secretary of the Interior re 1s how far the use of property can be Let us look at some of the provisions for cently noted that oppasition to the Fed restricted without compensating the land use in the bill. eral guidelines covering land use is so owner for the diminlshed value. A pro- Each State's planning process is to be intense in many State legislatures that February 14, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3075 many States may forgo the Federal erable civic center-and the district's Jewish Muriel Snowden was nearly three years old funds in order not to be entangled in the population was still substantial, they lit when her father, a dentist, moved the family This menorah candles in a window. from Orange, N.J., where she had been born, Federal land take-over. is the rea "We though our neighbors on Crawford to amuent, white Glen Ridge, N.J. The com son that these dangerous measures are street would appreciate that gesture," Muriel munity appeared so hostile that Dr. Suther being promoted at the national level Snowden says. land had to purchase the house through a through Congress. The people must be As co-directors, the Snowdens have made "straw" and move his family in at night. :forced into the new American revolution Freedom House a place where everyone is Prejudice continued to stalk Muriel Snow of socialized land reform whether they welcome and understood. Under their direc den after her high school graduation as class want it, whether needed, and whether tion, Freedom House has hosted companies valedictorian. Although Radcliffe College was legal, or not. recruiting black employes, and it has been a the only school to which she applied, her meeting place for autonomous community high school advisor failed to tell her of the States after a fast buck from Federal groups as diverse as an inter-racial pre-school New Jersey Radcliffe Club's merit scholar assistance, are being bought o:ff by center and the Division 9 auxiliary police. ship, which she could have used in that Washington politicians with the promise When it opened in October, 1952, Freedom Depression year, 1934. Then, once accepted of a share in the multi-million-dollar House's 17 founders wanted more than a rec for admission by Radcliffe, she was discour pork barrel. They are willing to exchange reation center. Their goal was "to stabilize aged from living in the dormitories. their people's birthright for a Wash the community," which required attracting "I'm reluctant to tell this. My family was ington handout. While the program may home owners and deterring urban blight. To told: what you should do with Muriel is let appear to be State controlled, Wash achieve this, in 1954, the Snowdens helped her live out with her friends. My mother told organize Upper Roxbury neighborhoods them she wasn't paying them to direct my ington owns the blueprint. block-by-block and initiated a block leaders' social life ... but I lived that year with my Big government is bent on control: council. Separately and through their coun mother's friends in Belmont. They said if I gun control, medical control, and now cil, the block organizations pressured the city 'insisted,' I could live in a dorm my second land-use control. for such improvements as street and sidewalk year ... Individual liberty has always been repair and tree planting. "I was a speaker at my class' 15th reunion. equated with the freedom to use your The Snowdens' efforts to help people help The woman (Mildred Sherman) who had private land as you decide. But now Gov themselves have made Freedom House an been college president when I was a student ernment is trying to tell the American outlet for community opinion. When Edward told me then, 'We treated you badly. I know Logue became director of the Redevelopment that now, but I want you to know I have people they cannot be trusted to exer Authority, the Snowdens advised him that changed and Radcliffe has changed.' I felt cise this freedom. any renewal plans for Boston had to include this was quite a big thing for her to do." I do not believe that Americans are Roxbury. Freedom House eventually received After graduating, Muriel Snowden worked ready to tum over the control of their the third-party contract between the BRA five years as a social worker with the elderly land to the Federal Government-nor and the community for the Washington Park in Newark, N.J., before starting graduate that they should. Ownership of private renewal program. work at the New York School of Social Work. property is the cornerstone of the From 1960 to 1967, the Snowdens worked She and Otto have been happily married American system. It is our birthright. at nothing but urban renewal. Roxbury since 1944, but their respective approaches residents and businessmen held 500 meetings to any problem are quite divorced. Muriel is at Freedom House between 1960 and 1963, interested in "ba&ic changes," which may when the federal government approved the take years to accomplish. Otto, however, has project plans. pursued remedies which are immediate, but FREEDOM HOUSE IN BOSTON "And we are thoroughly disillusioned in may not change the circumstances that cre GHETTO 1973," confides 59-year-old Otto Snowden, ated a problem. who was born in Phoebus, Va. "The Wash Muriel Snowden's view was shaped by her ington Park project was never completed. It experience as a social worker. Conventional HON. JOE MOAKLEY breaks my heart to still see boarded-up approaches did not solve the elderly's prob OF M:ASSACHUSETI'S stores along Blue Hill avenue. Ten years lems, and she gradually became convinced of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES from now we'll be right where we started the need for dlifferent approaches. despite all the millions spent." In contrast, Otto Snowden seeks tangible Thursday, February 14, 1974 Even as a youth in Roxbury, Snowden results as soon as possible. He tries to find Mr. MOAKLEY. Mr. Speaker, too resisted prejudice. As a student at the Lewis a job for an unemployed man today; not a often, Americans complain that they are Intermediate School, he led a boycott against new economic order for tomorrow. Snowden's the track team coach. politics are equally utilitarian: accumulate powerless to be of constructive service to "He called us 'boy,'" Otto Snowden ex favors which can be cashed in for Freedom people of their own community. Many plains bitterly. House-but never himself. When he recently times these complaints are justified. Ex When he entered Howard University in declined a job offer from Sen. Edward W. amples of others overcoming such an ob Washington, D.C., in 1933, "where basically Brooke, in whose campaigns he has worked, stacle are rare. When we notice an ex I majored in student activities," Otto Snow Snowden expla!ned, "You get paid off, you're ample of community service, one that den refused to join the mandatory Re3erve all through." appeases this feeling of impotence, we Officers' Training Corps program. "I didn't In 1946 the Army discharged Otto Snow must feel proud. believe in war," Snowden says. den. He rejoined his wife in Boston, and re He did believe, however, in war against sumed work at St. Mark's Service Center, Muriel and Otto Snowden are one cou racial discrimination. At Howard, he orga where he had worked before the war. He also ple who have overcome this feeling of nized a football team strike; picketed with became involved with the bi-racial Upper impotence. They have worked at provid NAACP members a government crime con Roxbury Council on Community Affairs, but ing invaluable services for the Boston ference meeting in the DAR hall to consider by 1948 Otto Snowden recognized the need black community. An article appeared federal anti-lynching legislation; stormed for an organization that could work full recently in the Boston Sunday Herald the U.S. House of Representatives' dining time on Roxbury's problems. room, which barred blacks; and with the Others shared his insight. On a February Advertiser describing the accomplish New Negro Alliance picketed stores which re ments of this couple. night in 1949, 17 Roxbury leaders meeting fused to hire blacks. in the Snowden's apartment decided to create I would like to share that article with In 1944, Otto Snowden was drafted by the my colleagues so that we and our con Army. Despite his objections to war, Snow Freedom House; years of work despite in stituents might note and applaud their den served because he had promised not to adequate financing, however, were endured "embarrass" his father, then an Army major, before the decision became reality. humanism and follow their fine example. As Freedom House is poised on the verge The article follows: and he "refused to be a C.O. because I be lieved this wouldn't solve the problem at that of its second quarter century, the Snowdens THE SNOWDENS OF FREEDOM HOUSE time." are most concerned with the problems of the (By Paul Katzeff) Nevertheless, he chafed under the Army's elderly and of education. As a black youth growing up in Roxbury, racist separation of facilities. "For the young," Muriel Snowden asserts, Otto Snowden delivered newspapers to neigh "I honestly believe if the war had lasted "the primary things is schools. Education is borhood homes, bundled groceries at First long enough, I believe they would have basic to coping with society. You need a National stores, and turned house and syna had to do away with the segregated Army, School Committee made up of people con gogues gaslights off and on for Orthodox Jews but I didn't want the bloodshed of prolonged cerned with education, not politics. Boston observing their Sabbath. war to achieve that. politicians try their first wings for office on "That's how I got to know the community," "It's a wonder I'm not extraordinarily bit the SChool Com:m!l.ttee." Snowden recalls. ter. Only by working at the problem could "I'm tired," Otto Snowden says. "I don't Years later when Otto and his wife, Muriel, I keep from being bitter. That's why I've want to talk about busing, and I don't want opened Freedom House-Roxbury's now-ven- dedicated my life to this kind of work." to talk about community control. All I want 3076 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 14, 1974 to talk about is a. conscientious effort .•. to Members of Congress to avoid paying any tion by the European Security Confer change the school system.'' political price for their increased salaries. Tired, perhaps; but defeated, no. Their ence of the Soviet Union's illegal occupa own daughter, Gail, is now 27, married, and It is necessary that we set an example tion of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. a. Radclifi'e graduate. But the Snowdens have for the American people. If we insist Mr. Speaker, it is very impcrtant that no plans to i·etire. upon pursuing inflationary policies which we keep in mind the plight of the Lithu "We'll stay," Muriel insists. "As individ debase the currency, we should not also anian nation and other Baltic States, uals and together, we have never been willing be able to avoid paying our own share of and that we provide some practical net t o let the ghetto lick us." that price by inflating our salaries at will. work for initiating Baltic language radio The Bible says the worker is worth his broadcasts over Radio Liberty and Radio salt. I intend no evaluation of the Free Europe. We can do so by seeing value of my contribution or that of my that proper funding is allocated for the STATEMENT CONCERNING CON colleagues to the taxpaying voters of fiscal year 1974 for Radio Liberty and GRESSIONAL PAY INCREASE this country. But I do take a dim view of Radio Free Europe. At the present time, the lament of many in the Congress over the Baltic nations are the only major HON. PHILIP M. CRANE the loss of purchasing power of their ethnic minorities under Soviet rule salaries since the last pay raise in 1968 which are not receiving radio broaJcasts. OF ILLINOIS when the Congress itself can claim the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lion's share of responsibility for that loss Thursday, February 14, 1974 through its refusal to balance its books. Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, the very fact If Congress, through chronic deficits, BLACK FILMMAKERS HONORED that the Congress is at this time consid wants to destroy the value of insurance ering whether or not to accept a pay in policies, pension plans, and savings ac crease is some indication of why so many counts, let the Congress feel the brunt of HON. RONALD V. DELLUMS such irresponsibility where it hurts OF CALIFORNIA of our fellow citizens hold us in low most-in its own pocketbook. Let us esteem. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES withhold consideration of any proposed The Harris poll which was released in Thursday, February 14, 1974 the Chicago Tribune of February 11, 1974, pay raises until we produce a balanced for example, indicates that 69 percent of budget and are in a position, simultane Mr. DELLUMS. Mr. Speaker, I would the public rates Congress negatively ously, to off er relief to the pensioner try like to call the attention of the House while only 21 percent rate it favorably, ing to survive on a fixed income or to the to a cultural event to be held in my dis the lowest ever recorded by the Harris people in the lowest income brackets who trict which I am certain will be regarded survey. never keep up with the ravages of as an historic moment in the develop Discussing the poll results, Louis Harris inflation. ment of black awareness in this country. notes that: On Sunday, February 17, in observance of Black History Month, the Cultural and Whether the issue is Watergate, inflation, LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY energy, the economy, spending, or simply Ethnic Affairs Guild of the Oakland Mu getting along with each other, the devastat seum Association will sponsor the first ing fact is that roughly three out of every HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI Hall of Fame for black filmmakers. This four adult Americans come up with a nega OF ll..LINOIS event will pay tribute to early black tive assessment of the job being done by :filmmakers who performed in the era be Congress. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tween 1920 and 1960. Those black film The criticism is, in large measure, well Thursday, February 14, 1974 makers who will receive awards during founded. We repeatedly lament the Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, Satur the Oscar Micheaux awards ceremony mounting inflation and the decreased day will be the 56th anniversary of the will be Alvin Childress, Lil Cumber, purchasing power of the dollar yet, at the independence of the small Baltic nation Katherin Dunham, Stepin Fetchit, same time, we vote more money in ap of Lithuania. On February 16, 1918, the Eugene Jackson, Juanita Moore, Clar propriations than the Government re Taryba or National Council declared the ence Muse, Gordon Parks, Beah Rich ceives in revenue. It is these deficits freedom of this nation on the Baltic Sea ards, Vincent Tubbs, Lorenzo Tucker and which are the primary cause of our which for over 100 years, had been held Leigh Whipper. mounting inflation, together with a con captive by the Russian Empire. These outstanding stars will be in tinued artificial increase in the money Its brief period of freedom came to an ducted into the Black Filmmakers Hall of supply to help pay for them. end during the summer of 1940. Soviet Fame, and each will receive a plaque At a time when Congress should be forces invaded Lithuania on June 15, and which will be duplicated so that a copy setting an example of restraint for the it was absorbed by the Soviet Empire on can be retained for a permanent collec American people, there are many who August 3, following a parliamentary elec tion. are prepared to vote salary incrases for tion with none but Communist candi I would take this opportunity to extend themselves. It seems to me that at a time dates. In 1941, the Nazis invaded and oc my personal congratulations to each of when the Federal Government should be cupied Lithuania, remaining in posses these distinguished honorees, as well as looking for every possible means to re sion until the Communists returned at to the Cultural and Ethnic Affairs Gmld duce Federal spending, it would be the the end of World War II. of the Oakland Museum for conceiving height of hypocrisy for Government em Well over a million people of Lithua and implementing this pioneering cul ployees, most of whom are vastly over nian background live in the United tural program. The contributions of paid, including Members of Congress, to States, many thousands of them in IDi blacks to the cultural life of the Nation receive substantial salary increases. nois. Many of them came to America has for too long been obscure, and has I am cosponsoring a resolution calling after their native land had been occupied for too long been enshrouded in the for the House to reject President Nixon's by the Soviet Union. Thousands :fled from myths and masks of cultural exclusion. request for pay increases to Members of Lithuania to other lands and others have That our generation has had the wisdom Congress and top officials of the executive been sent to Siberia and elsewhere by the to unveil these achievements and to and judicial branches of government. tyrants in the Kremlin. honor those who have blazed the trail The President's recommendations for As a result of migrations, deportations, for present black accomplishments in the salary increases include a 23-percent in and repopulation from other sections of film media makes one proud to be among crease over the next 3 years. I opposed the Soviet Union, over half of the people this generation of black people, and is such an increase during the last session now living in Lithuania are unable to itself a tribute to that same indomitable of Congress, and I oppose it today. speak Lithuanian. What makes this so spirit that allowed those before named to The Congress evaded its i·esponsibility tragic is that Lithuanian is the oldest excel in the face of excruciating odds when, in the Federal Salary Act of 1967, living language in all Europe. Not only and diflculties. The guild is to be com it established the rule that the President their language, but their national and mended for this occasion. Most impor might recommend pay increases and that cultural heritage face extinction. tantly, the high achievements of the Congress would only have to act in op I have introduced House Concurrent esteemed honorees compel the notice of position to such increases. This permitted Resolution 394, which concerns recogni- this legislative body, and for this reason February 14, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3077 it pleases me to bring this event to your ment since it was enacted in the Federal might do at this time would have more attention, and to record this occasion in Reports Act of 1942. favorable impact on the thinking of our the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. The importance of this legislation is constituents and enhance the credibility reflected in the fact that it may a:fiect of the Congress. virtually every segment of the private I recall back when, in my first term sector. The small businessman is coming here, Congress by the compensation com FEDERAL PAPERWORK BURDEN under increasing demands by the Federal mission route gained that $12,500 raise BILL Government to comply with the comple which lifted our salaries to the present tion of myriad f orIDS and papers under $42,500. It was said then that this "un a number of programs. conscionable grab" by Congress would HON. ROBERT L. F. SIKES Over a hundred Congressmen have knock all wage restraints from the econ OF FLORIDA joined in support of this measure and I omy and usher in a time of competitive IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES believe that the prospects for congres demands that would spark a serious Thursday, February 14, 1974 sional approval are also enhanced by in round of inflation. Whether this was the terest in the Senate. Also, a number of direct result or not is left to the individ Mr. SIKES. Mr. Speaker, I have joined national organizations have endorsed ual assessment of each one of us. How in cosponsoring legislation to reduce the this legislation, including the National ever, it is a fact that the "jaw-boning" expensive and time-consuming burden Federation of Independent Business and successes in holding the line of the Lyn of bureaucratic red tape imposed on mil the American Farm Bureau Federation don Johnson years collapsed with the lions of small businessmen. The legisla Nixon era and we have had greater infla tion directs the General Accounting Of tion than we know how to manage. fice to study the nature and extent of GROWTH OF EXECUTIVE Is a 7.5-percent raise, or 22.5 percent Federal reporting requirements, and to AUTHORITY over the coming 3 years, equal in value report its :findings to the Congress. The to what this Congress could attain in bill is entitled the "Federal Paperwork public respect and credibility by rejecting Burden Relief Act." HON. JOSEPH M. GAYDOS it? I, for one, would welcome the chance I have been concerned for some time OF PENNSYLVANIA to turn it down and then face my people that small businessmen are being inun IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES as a Member of one branch of Govern dated by Federal record keeping and re Thursday, February 14, 1974 ment which thought enough of the gen porting requirements which are costly, eral good of the Nation to forego personal repetitious, and frequently unnecessary. Mr. GAYDOS. Mr. Speaker, much has advantage. Let us seize this chance to Federal paperwork requirements are been said and written in this era of show that we are here as public servants particularly burdensome for small busi Watergate about the need for Congress in fact and not as money seekers. Let us nessmen and professional partnerships. to regain the powers ceded to the Presi vote down the administration's pay raise Because of limited resources, small busi dency over the last four decades and to proposal. nesses make a proportionately greater reassert its responsibility to provide expenditure of time and money on Fed moral and political leadership in a na tion so sorely in need of it. eral paperwork than large corporations. A PRAYER FOR THOSE IN This adversely a:fiects the ability of small I, as a Congressman, agree totally with businessmen to compete effectively in these statements. The steady growth of AUTHORITY the marketplace. the executive authority, in my judgment, The basic question which obviously not only has made Congress less e:fiective HON. ROBERT E. BAUMAN comes to the minds of the harassed busi than the Founding Fathers intended it OF MARYLAND nessmen who must fill out these forms to be, but it also has diluted the dem IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES is---What good are they? To what use ocratic process by denying to the people are they put? What benefits accrue from their full right, through their elected Thursday, February 14, 1974 form-filling? Unfortunately it is hard representatives, to shape their own Mr. BAUMAN. Mr. Speaker, all of us in to find sound reasons which make sense destiny. Congress encounter bright spots to the business community. Presumably The big issue, of course, is credibility. throughout the many hours we labor, forms are tabulated and the results ap We know the Nixon administration has and recently at a meeting of the Harford pear in statistics. Yet it is doubtful that lost much of its credib'Jity as the events County Board of Realtors, I had the good the average small businessman benefits of Watergate have unfolded. But what fortune to hear a prayer delivered by its sufficiently from the information which about Congress? Has Congress the nec author, Lorraine S. Jackson, of Havre de accrues from form-filling to make it essary strength and resolve to grasp the Grace, Md. I was so impressed by this in worth his time and expense. present opportunity and reassert itself vocation that I requested a copy of this The study provided for in the bill will and resume, after the long lapse, the prayer, and I would like to share it with help gage the actual amount of paper constitutional duties prescribed for it? the other Members of the House: work which has been created for small I think that the opportunity is here A PRAYER FOR THOSE IN AUTHORrrY business and what might be done to re now. The President has provided in his Almight God, whose kingdom is everlast duce it. At the present time, it is esti budget three 7.5 percent pay raises for ing and power infinite; who hast bound us mated that each year the amount of Fed Congress, starting next year, in addi together in this bundle of life; Have mercy eral required paperwork would fill about tion to similar boosts for the Supreme upon the whole land; so rule the hearts of 4.5 million cubic feet of space and cost Court Justices and other Federal offi thy servants, Congressman Bauman and all $8 others in authority. the government about billion to man cials. Do we need these raises, amount Give us grace to understand how our lives age. Actually, no one can say with cer ing to 22.5 percent over the 3-year span? d epend upon the courage, the industry, the tainty what it costs the Government, but I know that a case can be made for honesty and the integrity of our fellowmen. assuredly it costs the small businessmen them-that Congressmen have heavy Make us mindful of their needs, grateful many billions more. Armed with the rec expenses and that there are many men for their fidelity and faithful in our respon ommendations of the GAO study, the and women in the House and men in the sibilities to them. Congress can begin to cut away some of Senate who serve at a personal sacrifice Fix thou our steps that we stagger not at and could earn much more 1n private the uneven motions of the world, but go the redtape. steadily on our way, always knowing that thy Under existing law, the Office of Man life. hand is leading us and thy love support agement and Budget is assigned the re But the fact remains that 7.5 percent ing us. sponsibility of reviewing the informa in the coming year and the like raises May we pursue the right-without self tion-gathering needs and procedures of subsequently pale in comparison with righ teousn ess. Federal agencies. OMB is supposed to the bigger issues before us. Imagine the May we know unity-without conformity. prescribe procedures for consolidating effect on the general public if we Con May we grow in strength-without pride of and streamlining Federal information self. gressmen, in a demonstration of our May the turbulence of our age yield to a collection activities. However, OMB and patriotic concern, would vote down this true time of peace, when men will share a its predecessor, the Bureau of the Budg boost provided for in the swollen Nixon life that honors the dignity of each, th8 et, have failed to implement this require- budget? I would guess that nothing we brot herhood of all. Am en . 3078 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 14, 1974 BRIGHT ENERGY PERSPECTIVE these were therefore the ventures that went cause far too many distribution systems, from bust (as property developers and then North garages to antediluvian electricity transmis Sea oil may in the 1970s). In the mid-1960s sion lines, are in the hands of monopolies HON. JOHN J. McFALL we were told it was impossible to bridge the (especially the worst sorts of monopoly, called OF CALIFORNIA lasting technological gap between America public utilities) which do not have a com and the rest of the world; this meant that petitive incentive to attract your custom by IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the dollar would soon be devalued. As a re improving their technology. Thursday, February 14, 1974 sult of yesterday's tardiness, we have now Among possible economies in energy use, created in the developed world an unfor the Americans would save the equivalent of Mr. McFALL. Mr. Speti.ker, I would tunate excess of })oth birth control devices three-quarters of Britain's annual imports of commend to the House two recent ar and anti-pollution controls, although the oil if they used cars with the same economy ticles which provide a bright perspective rearguard of yesterday's preachers about of fuel consumption as Europe's. The whole r.:lative to our efforts to achieve long ever-increasing pollution is still infuriated advancing revolution of microminiaturisation term solutions to the energy shortage. when the figures are pointed out. With integrated circuits will be enormously Energy has played its part in the game of energy-saving, because we are going to be The January 5 edition of the London cheat-the-prophet three times since the war. increasingly able to put on to a chip the size Economist devotes considerable space for During the coal crisis of 1947, it was said that of a postage stamp properly connected elec a discussion of a surprising "coming glut no coal miner in Europe or Japan need fear trical circuitry which would previously have of energy." for his job during the rest of this century; required great assemblies of machinery that In the same vein, Dr. Oscar Kiessling, within a decade a majority of European and would fill a room. Amazing savings in energy who has edited the Minerals Yearbook, Japanese coal mines had closed down. In can be secured by even a small staggering of directed the decennial census of min 1956 France and Britain went briefly to war working hours (why not let Britain south of because the closing of the Suez canal for a the Trent-but not north of it-go back to erals, and performed special industrial week would starve Europe of oil and cause an British Summer Time this winter?). advising duties to the U.S. Tariff Com insurmountable world shipping shortage, Above all, the greatest of the three main mission, shares the optimistic outlook even although it was agreed that this inva transport revolutions since the 1770s is now of the Economist. Dr. Kiessling's com sion would put France and Britain into the speeding towards us. It will clearly replace ments appeared in the Washington Post Arabs' bad books for a millennium. Instead, the internal combustion engine revolution as of January 27. Europe continued its quick switch to cheaper dramatically as that revolution replaced The articles follow : oil even when the canal closed again; the steam, and it happens to be extraordinarily rear-admiral whom Mr. Macmillan appointed energy-saving. This great new transport revo THE COMING GLUT OF ENERGY to ration Britain's share of world shipping lution is telecommunications. Because the There is a case for arguing that the world was still recruiting staff when the biggest businessman's future essential tool, the com is likely to be glutted with energy before ever laying-up of the world's surplus ship puter, talks to other computers by telecom the end of this decade. The present energy ping began; within rather less than a millen munication, instead of by taking a walk, "crisis" is about the fifteenth time since nium France and Britain are the Arabs' Euro much of present business travel and then the war when the great majority of decision pean powers. personal travel to work are going to become infl:uencing people h ave united to say that unnecessary in the main growth jobs in post some particular prcduct is going to be in EVER SINCE WATT A product can be said to have an elasticity industrial societies. Even in the 1970s some t h e most desperately short supply for the of this travel will be replaced by a great rest of this century. On each of the previous of supply of four within five years if a 10 per cent price rise (above the average of growth in telex transmission, facsimile trans occasions the world h as then sent that prod mission by telecommunication, picturephone, uct into large surplus within 5-10 years. other price rises) is likely within five years to expand its production by 40 per cent etc. As there is no logical reason why the cost The reasons for this are now quite logical of telecommunication should vary with dis and rather technical. In modern conditions above the rise that would otherwise have tance, quite a lot of people by the late of high elasticity of both production and been expected; this is a convenient definition because then nobody can measure it exactly. 1980s will telecommute daily to their London substitution, plus surprisingly equal lead offices while living on a Pacific island if they t imes for many investment projects, we now For the last 200 years, energy seems to have want to; and temporary price rises :for oil generally do create overproduction of what had a higher elasticity of supply than any thing else except transport. Indeed, the ac driven travel in the early 1970s will now bring ever politicians and pundits 5-10 yea.rs earlier a few of these habits forward. thought would be most urgently needed, be celerating elasticity of supply of these two cause both consensus seeking governments things is what the industrial revolution since THE MULTmlLLION FACTOR EQUATION and profit-seeking private producers are Watt's steam engine has been largely about. Some critics say: "Which of these science then triggered by that commentary into A product generally has a high elasticity of fiction inventions do you really expect will be starting the overproduction cycle at precisely supply (a) if it can be produced in many operating Within six or seven years?" The the same time. different ways; (b) if technology seems on pons asinorum of economics is to recognise the brink of bringing 1n more powerful new why that question is absurd. If you were so ALL THE F ALSE PROPHETS ways; (c) if the distribution system for it foolish as to try to draw up a computer model In 1946-49 all agricultural experts fore can be greatly improved. Gluts will also occur of energy economics over the next 6-7 years, cast a permanent postwar shortage of tem if (d) economies in the product's use seem you would have to combine the thousands ot perate areas and especially of dairy pro fairly easy. Energy fulfills each of these con possible ways of producing energy, and of duce; this led to !butt er mountains within ditions in profusion. possible ways of changing distribution sys a decade. In 1950- 51 the Korean war boom There are many thousand possible ways of tems and consumption patterns for it, to was said to show that raw material prices releasing energy from storage in matter. They gether with estimates of time lags for ea.ch, would keep rising for ever; instead, some range from petty ways like 25 BTU per pound and today's prices for each, and of guessed took until 1970 to regain their 1951 peak. of matt er by letting a pound of elastic bands elasticities of supply and substitution for In pa1·ticular, an international action group untwist; through fairly petty ways, like 20,000 each, into an equation with multibillion was set up in 1951 to deal with the world's BTUs by burning a pound of petrol; through factors. Governments which produce "energy "worst p.l'rmanent bottleneck" of sulphur, more sophisticated ways like 250 million policies" do not work with multibillion factor shortly before the stuff became practically BTUs from the fission of the U-235 isotope models of this kind, but wit h the guesses of unsaleable. The future chief economic ad in one pound of natural uranium; up to 260 perhaps three boffi.ns and a minister-which viser to the British Treasury published his thousand billion BTUs from the fusion of is why such policies have no serious chance book on the world's lasting dollar shortage helium of a pound of hydrogen. Note that of being right. Apostles of a free market say in 1953- 54, which was the first of the world's this last system, in which the waters of the that it arrives infallibly at the best possible twenty consecutive years of dollar surplus. oceans could serve as a limitless reservoir of answer to the multibillion factor equation. Russia's first sputnik in 1957 was said to be fuel, would therefore be more than 10,000,- Actually, it usually does something much less so far ahead of the west's conceivable tech 000,000 times more effective per pound of perfect but still rather useful: a free market nology that it would leave America for the m atter than burning a pound of the Arabs' will generally bring the mix of production rest of our lives at the back end of a "mis oil. Of course, new technology will drive on consumption-distribution patterns within sile gap"; within six years the Americans towards the clean er power sources nearer the the spectrum of the "several million possible were preparing to fire surplus rockets at the top of the range. answers" which are not wholly incompatible moon. Then there was going to be a world The distribution of electricity-and, in with the multibillion factor equation. wide shortage of university graduates espe deed, of all energy-is grossly inefficient. If you then change some price in the sys cially from the science departments; within Look at the towering chimneys of your local tem rather marginally, a different but over a decade they were one of the bigger groups power station to see how many of them throw lapping spectrum of "several million possible of the unemployed. up into the wasting air two-thirds of the answers" replaces the present spectrum; if As the 1960s started, there were said to be heat and energy they could produce. Remem the market has already rather haphazardly limitless prospects for offshore funds and ber that those in control of most devices for chosen one of the answers within the over other equity investment media for the small bringing you the energy released from stor lap, then neither production nor demand wlll man, :for go-go business conglomerates, for age in matter have not been concerned with change with the change in price, and both high technology companies like Rolls-Royce; economising on the use of that energy, be- supply and demand are said to be surprls• February 14, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3079 ingly inelastic over that range of price. But price of gasoline in America was about half Despite the imposing figures on present use, if you change expectations about the price the price of petrol in most other countries. the country has remained largely self-suf of the most important present energy source, In President Nixon's first budget, as late as ficient with only moderate imports, almost namely oil, from under $3 a barrel before 1969, there was universal acclaim when he entirely of oil. this autumn to a level where people and gov cut drilling for oil through reducing the Total energy is a mixed bag filled from ern ments and profit-seeking entrepreneurs rate of percentage depletion allowances for several sources. In 1971, petroleum contrib actually believe that it is going to be over $12 oil and gas from 27Y:z to 22 per cent. Then uted 41 per cent of the total, natural gas 37 a barrel or $17 a barrel (or whatever is the in 1970-72 environmental restrictions were per cent, bituminous coal 17 per cent, hy figure that the latest hopeful Arab or tem directed most especially against the energy dropower 4 per cent and nuclear power less p orarily panic-stricken auction bidder last industries. By 1971 fewer exploratory oil than 1 per cent. t h ought of), then people and governments wells were being drilled in America than at There have been substantial changes in and profit-seeking entrepreneurs suddenly any time since 1947. One reason why Mr. the relative position of the three major sup believe that billions of possible new answers Herman Kahn and others think that it is plying sources over the past 20 years. In 1951, will be more profitable than whichever one of going to be very easy to step up output of coal accounted for 33 per cent of the total, the "several million possible answers" is the energy in America is because they are among petroleum for 38 per cent and nat ural gas one most people are using now. If other fac the few who remember that almost every for 32 per cent. In terms of quantity, petro tors remained as now, they would be more thing has been done for a decade to bring it leum increased by 101 per cent from 1951 to profitable, but other factors won't remain as down. 1971, natural gas increased by 214 per cent now, because the new vent ures will them Secondly, the very low figures usually pub and coal remained about stationary. selves change them. It is because you can lished for oil reserves round the world are Imports of energy materials have not been not get many quarts into a pint pot--or an ma.stly reserves discovered in days when just a major factor in the domestic energy scene. expectation of billions of possible answers about the only known way of striking oil Such imports have consisted mainly of. pe into a situation where only a changing sev was to get a Texan to go and sniff for it. troleum and have been moderate, ranging eral million answers will at any one time be There really is now a much greater, and from 12 percent of domestic crude oil con possibly logical-that forecasts of lasting st ill expanding, ability to find the stuff by sumption in 1967 to 15 percent in 1971. The shortage generally do lead nowadays, within electronic sensors attached to computerised bulk of the crude oil imports have come a short time span, to embarrassing glut. systems. consistently from Canada and Venezuela, It is always most difficult to persuade peo Third, it will gradually be realised that and these countries supplied 39 percent and ple within the particular industry and with the mechanism through which the price of 12 percent of imports, respectively, in 1972. in the scientific establishment to see this, anything is determined-including oil In the same year, seven Middle East coun because all their habits of thought are geared really is a bit more sophisticated than an tries supplied an aggregate 28 percent of to the relationships existing within the Arab saying what he wants for it. So oil's the imports. Thus, the position of Middle multibillion factor equation now. So the only pr ice should come down rather sharply well East countries as suppliers in the U.S. crude proper answer to the pons asinorum question in advance of the energy glut which its price petroleum market has not been dominant, "Are you relying on advances in magneto rise this winter will now create; but this and it has been relatively small with regard hydrodynamics, or solar energy, or fusion, or is unlil~ ely to be in time to stop the energy to total energy consumption. what?" begins "Well, now, an improvement glut, because the new investment and habits Until recently, foreign oil has been very in magnetohydrodynamics would affect the will already be in train. Until this winter, much cheaper than domestic oil and imports multibillion factors in the energy equation it had seemed marginally likely that the oil doubtless would have been larger if they had in the following multibillion ways." No price would rise in 1970-80 by more than not been restrained by a U.S. import quota. economist can give the answer, because (a) most other prices; the main consequence of This import quota was terminated April 18. no economist is clever enough, and (b) he the past three months is that it will now During 1973, however, the quoted price for would anyway be dead before he reached an presumably rise by less. Middle East oil increased from $2.59 a bar swer number multibillion minus on~and a Most of this article should not be regarded rel to $11.65. As the latter price is more than hundred-year time-take-up for answering a as good news for Britain. A main implication twice that for most domestic oil, there is question about what to do in the next seven is that Britain's North Sea oil "bonanza" may less financial incentive for importation. ' years is not very useful. What an economist very well come on full fiow just when oil Numerous forecasts of even greater needs can say is that the recent wild changes in is coming towards glut. Another is that the in the period ahead add a special dimension expectations about oil prices will lead to an £1 billion being spent on Britain's coal mines to the energy problem. This comes down to energy glut, within a debatable time span, will be wasted, because it will be surprising the question of whether, with exoected in according to all that has been known up to if by the mid-1980s any man-operated coal creased use, our supplies will be· adequate now about the elasticity of supply for mines should remain open at all. A more for reasonable self-sufficiency to avoid being energy. tragic implictaion is that the most deserv victimized by the capricious whims of for The most respectable argument on the ing charity of Christmas, 1980, will prob eign suppliers. The outlook for achieving this other side is that the time lag may neverthe ably be to relieve Arab states ruined by their goal is not as bleak as often painted; while less stretch beyond the end of the 1970s, be monoculture of unwanted oil-a charity the situation does not look rosy for the im cause of a supposed long lead time before which is likely to be mainly subscribed by mediate future, supplies should be ade changes can come into effect (which is true rich Jews. Not enough tears seem to be raised quate after a few years needed to get proper of some of the investment, but most unlike by that. ly organized. ly of economies in demand) , or (this is a With regard to petroleum, completion of better argument) because the elasticity of HOPEFUL ENERGY OUTLOOK the Alaska pipeline and access to the huge substitution from an oil-based to an a.nother (By Oscar Kiessling) reserves of the arctic North Slope are al energy-based system will be low since peo Large increases in prices of gasoline, heat ready within ran ge. But this is not all. The ple are romantically in love with the expen ing oil and utility services have made most U.S. Geological Survey reports that the At sive oil-using machinery such as motor cars citizens aware of signi.flcant developments lantic continental shelf from Cape Hatteras which they possess. There are three answers. taking place in the energy market. Anxious to Canada-no more than 100 miles offshore, WHY rr's QUICKER THAN YOU THINK inquiries are being made as to how all this much of it only 30 to 50 miles offshore-con First, the speed of change has in fact been came about and whether the energy short tains an estimated 46 billion barrels of oil very quick in the downward direction. Peo age is temporary or permanent. Fortunately, along with 228 trillion cubic feet of natural ple forget that from 1963 right up to the information available from engineers, geol gas. The same agency estimates that all our early 1970s the "oil question" in America ogists and other scientists provides a basis continental shelves-the Atlantic, Gulf of. meant that you should not allow Texan oil for appraising both the present situation and Mexico, the Pacific and Gulf of Alaska-con millionaires to make so much money. In the future. tain at least 180 billion barrels of oil and deed, it was this trendy populism in Amer Much of our prosperity and high standard 900 trillion cubic feet of gas. ica in the past decade which created much of living has been due to the application Reserves of such magnitude are not pea of the present temporary energy "crisis". In of ever increasing doses of energy in virtu nuts even in the light of recent annual do 1964 American courts compelled a quite un ally all facets of the economy-at factories, mestic oil output arount 3.5 billion barrels. prepared Federal Power Commission to reg farms, on the highways and in homes. Geological estimates of reserves, moreover, ulate for the first time the prices charged This has been going on for decades. A re have consistently understs.ted by a wide for natural gas; by 1970 the FPC had a back cent study of the Interior Department re margin the potential of producing areas. log of over 2,000 producer rate cases in nat ported that gross energy consumption more There are legal and ecological problems in ural gas, which would have taken 13 years than doubled from 33 quadrillion British developing these vast resources, but it is un for it to give answers to. The price allowed thermal units in 1947 to 69 quadrillion in reasona;ble to believe they will not be solved for this environmentally clean and premium 1971, a 3.1 percent annual growth rate over if there is sufficient urgency. fuel was therefore so low and out of date the period. The annual growth rate in recent The thick seams of good grade coal at that it not only made more production of years-4.8 per cent for 1965-70--has been relatively shallow depths that underlie vast n atural gas uneconomic, but also distorted higher than the long-term average. areas of the U.S. constitute one of the the market for other fuels and cut invest In terms of quantity, total energy use in world's greatest energy bonanzas. It will be ment in them at just the wrong moment. creased by 23 per cent from 1951 to 1961, recalled that the Germ.ans fought a first Through the years of gathering crisis, the and by 51 per cent from 1961 to 1971. class mechanized war with very little natural 3080 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 14, 1974 oil. They did 1t by synthesizing their low kinds of freedom and self-determination one made of a 40-lnch diameter sand filled grade coal into crude petroleum from which we have taken for granted here for al polyethelene tube called a Longard tube, a they derived motor fuel and strategic basic most 200 years. The seizure of Lithuania new device for erosion control. chemicals. Excessive precipitation over the past four What the Germans did 30 years ago we and the other Baltic States by the Soviet years has resulted in abnormally high wa ci:m now do better a.nd much cheaper. The Union is not accepted by the people of ter levels on the Great Lakes. The high lev Interior Department Office of Coal Research these nations, even though nearly one els have caused millions of dollars of dam.. has contracts with 60 organizations running fourth of the population has been re age to property and homes. Property own pilot plants and conducting research in coal moved from its homeland; civil rights ers faced wtth loss of shoreline property gasification a.nd liquefaction. have been denied and economic and so have turned to many devices in an attempt Large areas of Montana., Wyoming, North cial freedoms are practically nonexistent. to control the erosion. Many of the meth and South Dakota, and some other western Mr. Speaker, Congress first passed ods and materials used are futile. Others, states have huge coal deposits that have while they may be effective, are so costly been little utilized because of high trans House Concurrent Resolution 416 in 1966. that the average property owner cannot af portation costs to major consuming centers. The resolution provides that the case of ford to install them. The coal can now be :llined and converted at Lithuania and the other Baltic countries The main thrust of the demonstration the s~te into pipeline-quality gas or synthe be brought before the United Nations for program 1s to find low cost protection which tic crude oil and shipped to distant markets consideration. We still support this tactic the property owner can construct, or at in pipelines that already cross these areas. so that in this way the first steps may be least participate in the construction of, so This would require large amounts of capital taken to redress the grievances of the the overall costs are lower. and creation of virtually a new industry. But people of Lithuania and its neighboring Milliken said that at least 15 projects will it is unlikely that the capital cost would be completed around the state. Already com equal the cost of converting millions of home Baltic States and to permit them the pleted are projects at Michiana. and Lincoln heating plants and of making electric bug self-determination we advocate for all Township in Berrien County, Empire in Lee gies out of our 100 m1111on passenger cars people. · lanau County, Pere Marquette Townshop and 20 m1111on trucks, even if we could do it. and Ludington State Park in Mason County, In addition to the increased use of coal and Marquette. directly in power generation and as a chem STATE OF MICHIGAN WAGES BAT Other sites are at Lakeport State Park, ical raw material, a significant increase in TLE AGAINST SHORELINE EROSION south of Port Sanilac County; East Tawas, nuclear power is under way. These projects Tawas City and the Tawas Point Coast require substantial lead time ..nd it 1s not Guard Station, Iosco County; Mears State yet clear what their ultimate contribution HON. GUY VANDER JAGT Park in Oceana County, Moran Township will be. OF MICHIGAN in Mackinac County, west of Manistique in Not much increase can be expected from Schoolcraft County, Whitefish Bay near hydropower since the most economic sites IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Paradise in Chippewa County, and another have been largely developed, but hydro Thursday, February 14, 1974 site yet to be selected. power is important, and saves fossil fuels, Through a DNR contract with the Univer particularly in areas such as the Pacific Mr.VANDERJAGT. Mr. Speaker, as sity of Michigan's Coastal Zone Laboratory, Northwest and the Tennessee Valley. one of many Members of Congress to Dr. Ernest Brater, one of the Great Lakes' 011 shale, of which there are large deposits sponsor legislation calling for a research foremost experts on shoreline erosion con 1n Colorado, Utah and Wyoming (process and demonstration program to develop trol, 1s a consultant for the project. It is ing yield estimated at 30 gallons of oil per effective, low-cost technology to control with Dr. Brater's guidance that sites, meth ton of rock) also ultimately may contribute shoreline erosion, I am very pleased that ods and materials for each project were supplemental supplies. The government leas selected. ing program for these deposits have just such a provision has been included in the Milliken said that both conventional and gotten under way with some takers. rivers and harbors bills that have passed innovative methods and materials are being The nation's potential energy r.esources the House and Senate. Continuing losses used so that significant comparisons and are so imposing that the present shortage, of extremely valuable shorelands war evaluations can be made. 1! there really is one, should be of only rants the intensified attention of the "Not only do we want to learn what types moderate duration. Prompt and proper action Corps of Engineers, the Department of of shoreline protection will succeed,'' Milli.. by industry and government can assure ade Agriculture, and other Federal agencies, ken said, "but we want to also be able to quate domestic supplies for many years to advise shoreline property owners which come. The recent escalation in prices has as well as State agencies. types of structures are a waste of time and been triggered mainly by short-term panic I wish to call to the attention of Mem money." psychological influences without regard to bers concerned about shoreline erosion In Sanilac County, three different mate .. our strong long-term supply position. the very promising R. & D. program now rials are being tested; the Longard tube 1s being conducted under Gov. William G. being used in a configuration different from Milliken's direction by the Michigan De that in Lincoln Township, one groin ls made partment of Natural Resources. Demon of very large nylon bags which are filled with LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE stration sites are being established sand, and a. third groin is made of rocks around the State, financed by a $370,000 covered with an asphalt mastic. Each of appropriation by the Michigan Legis these materials is also being tested as a. HON. BARBER B. CONABLE, JR. revetment on Lake Michigan. A revetment 1s lature. This work will be of great value protection placed directly on the bank. An OF NEW YORK to Michigan property owners and to other material being tested is the gabion IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES shoreline communities and other con a wire basket filled with rock. Gabions are Thursday, February 14, 1974 cerned governmental units, and should being used both as groins and revetments. be very valuable to persons developing As each project is completed, it wm be Mr. CONABLE. Mr. Speaker, 34 years the Federal program and those working monitored by the Coastal Zone Laboratory. is a long time for the people of one coun Laboratory personnel will evaluate the pe1· on this problem in other parts of the formance of each project and report findings try to be under the domination of an country. The following press release other, against their own desires for in to the Department of Natural Resources. A from the Governor's office, dated Febru report will be released in the spring. dependence and sovereignty. Yet, in these ary 6, 1974, describes this important pro days of detente and negotiations for gram: peace, it is appropriate that we again call to the attention of all the sad plight STATE OF MICHIGAN WAGES BATTLE AGAINST SHORELINE EROSION PERSONAL EXPLANATION of the people of Lithuania, a nation oc Gov. William G. Milliken said Wednesday cupied by the Soviet Union in 1940 and his state has completed construction of a. still held under the yoke of Soviet dom sixth demonstration project under a. pro HON. WILLIAM S. MOORHEAD ination. gram designed to determine the best means OF PENNSYLVANIA This next Saturday, February 16, of erosion control on the Great Lakes. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES marks the 56th anniversary of the res The projects, financed by $370,000 appro toration of the Republic of Lithuania priated by the Legislature last year at Mllli Thursday, February 14, 1974 after World War I. For the people of ken's request, are being constructed at vari ous points around the Great Lakes shore Mr. MOORHEAD of Pennsylvania. Mr. that nation and for the many who have lines under direction of the Department of Speaker, because of a previous commit immigrated here to our shores and to Natural Resources. ment, I was unable to be in the Chamber other countries, this day will be an im The completed project is located at Lin for rollcall No. 31. portant occasion to remember the as coln Township in Berrien County. It con Had I been present, I would have voted pirations of a people who still seek the sists of two groins; one made of wood and "yea.'' February 14, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3081 ENERGY CRISIS COULD INSURE Travel on Amtrak trains will go "right "Zephyr" stop at Red Oak (pop: 6,210) in his through the roof" as more people give up state. AMTRAK SUCCESS auto and air trips, one government planner Congress is looking more favorably on fi predicts. Thanks to the fuel crisis, adds nancing for Amtrak. "Until now," says Rep. another, "intercity rail passenger service is James Harvey of Michigan, ranking Republi HON. ALAN STEELMAN on the verge of a birth." Amtrak officials can on the House Transportation subcom OF TEXAS themselves now expect ridership to leap 30 % mittee, "I have never been convinced that next year, double what they previously Amtrak could be made into even a marginal "J N THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES predicted. loser, but now the possib111ty is there." He Thursday, February 14, 1974 To help accommodate all the eager riders, adds that if Amtrak gains sharply higher influential members of Congress want to give patronage, "it might be well to invest more Mr. STEELMAN. Mr. Speaker, when Amtrak all the dollar push they can; they money in it." On the Democratic side, Senate Amtrak was established some 2% years know the trains' fuel use per mile per pas leader Mike Mansfield sees in the fuel crisis ago, many felt the chance for its success senger is less than half of a small auto's "an opportunity for Amtrak to expand and was slim. The current energy crisis, how consumption. And the Nixon administra upgrade its passenger train service.'' In the ever, enhances the need and probable tion's attitude toward federal financing for northeast rail measure enacted last week, success of Amtrak. Moreover, the Amer the semipublic corporation has turned from Congress earmarked $500 million for improv cool to almost hot. ing high-speed passenger service in the ican people, and especially my constit But the sudden demand for train service Boston-Washington corridor. uents from the Fifth District of Texas, may mean hard going for the men at Am Nixon administration money men are look want improvement and expansion of our trak's throttle. They worry that they won't ing more kindly upon Amtrak. The Office of national passenger train service. have enough equipment to accommodate the Management and Budget, which originally Dallas to Houston rail passenger serv throng of travelers, that many people will be wanted to cut the fiscal-1974 Amtrak budget ice was supposed to be inaugurated in turned away and won't try a.gain, and that to about half the $93 million it later ac June, 1973. This train, which is to run who do climb aboard will be unhappy with cepted, now brushes aside any doubts about their experience and will swear off for the Amtrak's request for an additional $40 mil between the sixth and eighth largest future. lion this fiscal year. "They just said it looks cities in the United States, should now NEW OPPORTUNITIES good to them," a Transportation Department be providing the business and vacation And if Amtrak doesn't handle the chal man reports. Thus, says a government plan ing public with efficient, intercity travel. lenge just right, its executives add, costs and ner, "more public money will go to intercity However, because of disagreements be deficits could balloon so that today's seem rail passenger service than ever before." tween Southern Pacific and Amtrak on ing boon would turn into a bane. SQUEEZING IN MORE PEOPLE the extent of track repairs, the traveling Even before the fuel crisis burst upon the But even before getting new cash, Amtrak public is being deprived of this much nation, the movement back to the train was will seek ways to satisfy the swelling demand. needed service. growing. For the past two years, Amtrak Officials figure they can add about 250 cars The following article, printed in the ridership has been rising about 12% a year, to the 1,100-odd usually moving down the reversing a 20-year rail-passenger decline. track at any one time. They plan to buy more Wall Street Journal on December 28, But the corporation has thus far remained old cars, get Amtrak's existing fieet into bet• 1973, further indicates the possible suc in the red, with a de·ficit of $141.8 million in ter operating shape and do a better sched cess and urgent need for such lines as the fiscal year ended last June 30. uling job. the Dallas-Houston service. Now, new opportunities are looming. Con After purchasing two batches of old cars I ask unanimous consent to have this sider: from the railroads, procurement men now article printed in full at the conclusion The clamor to get aboard a train has hope to come up with another 100 or so, fully of my remarks. zoomed, especially since President Nixon's realizing that some may be "clunkers" costly November speech on the energy crisis. In re to run and repellent to riders. "I'm not so The article follows: cen t weeks, ridership has shot 25 % ahead of sure we should buy them," says Richard REVIVING THE RAILS: THE ENERGY CRISIS Now a year ago. Calls to Amtrak reservation of Tomlinson, Amtrak's executive vice presi• SEEMS To INSURE THE SUCCESS OF AMTRAK fices have gone as high as 64,000 a day, three dent. (By Albert R. Karr) to five years ahead of projections, and may The operating fleet will also be increased by Philip Terman recently took his first train soar to 100,000 next summer, some think. faster renovation. This should trim the un trip in 20 years. He and his wife Nancy rode "We're getting deluged with calls from peo usable cars needing repair to 12 % of Amtrak's to Chicago from their home in Bloomington, ple who are concerned they're going to have fieet from the present 15 % , in effect adding Ind. They saw hardly any other way to go. to spend two or three days somewhere," another 100 usable cars for operations. Also, Had they driven, Mrs. Terman says, they'd stranded without gasoline, Mr. Lewis says. procurement men are escalating weekend have found a lot of gas stations closed. Train One inquirer, from Bethlehem, Pa., reasons leasing of commuter cars from big-city tran riding "is going to be a long-term thing," she that "traveling by auto over the weekends sit systems, which don't need many on Satur adds. may soon be a thing of the past." And F. H. days and Sundays. And that's just a hint of the travel turn Pannill, a Midland, Texas, attorney who now And Amtrak will squeeze more people into about being wrought by the fuel shortage. plans to take the train to meetings in Hous some of the cars. By moving back partitions Thousands of phone calls pour in to Am ton and New Orleans, says that on past trips and putting in new seats, closer together, the trak ticket offices every day from worried "I've driven a good deal and fl.own some, but strategists figure to raise the seating ca auto owners who now yearn to ride the rails. I think those days are gone for good." To pacity in many cars by 15 % to 20 % . catch the train, he must drive 166 miles, but Holiday trains on some routes were sold out BUMPY RIDES by early November. Standees jam some trains. he's hoping for a new rail route closer to home. Amtrak officials plan to run the New York At times, railroad stations hum as in the to-Washington Metroliner trains on later World War II era. Amtrak has been flooded with state bids for new routes. Nebraska would like an trips each evening, and there will be more on Amtrak's planners are scurrying to find weekends. Boston-Washington trains will more passenger cars and wring more mileage Omaha-Kansas City train, Colorado a Den ver-~nsas City route, Missouri a Kansas run every hour, instead of every two hours. out of those they have. "We're a little over Other urban corridors will see similar moves, whelmed," says Roger Lewis, the corpora City-St. Louis route, and Ohio a Cincinnati Columbus-Cleveland run. "I've had to put a stemming "strictly from the fuel crisis," Mr. tion's president and chairman. As soon as Tomlinson says. A third trip per day is they can, perhaps in a month or two, officials map on my wall showing all the inquiries and planned for the Chicago-Detroit route, for plan to run more trains on such popular expected inquiries. It looks like a bloody instance. routes as New York-Washington. And they're spider web," an Amtrak state-relations offi But Amtrak is already turning people away. thinking of adding new routes later on, in cial says. Sen. Mansfield complains that at least 1,000 response to pleas from Senators, Congress Members of Congress are clamoring for new Montanans couldn't get reservations for the men and state officials. service, too. Sens. Hugh Scott of Pennsyl Dec. 15-Jan. 4 period. Rigers fret, too, that vania, Robert Taft of Ohio and Jacob Javits NO FLEETING PHENOMENON on a number of long-ha.ul trains Amtrak is of New York want a revival of service linking taking coach reservations only for 500 miles The holiday rush back to the rails, amid New York City, Albany, Erie, Cleveland and gasoline shortages and airline curtailments, or more. Despite increased service, "a lot of may seem almost too hectic to continue. But Chicago. Sen. Robert Stafford of Vermont people are going to be left holding the bag," this is no fleeting phenomenon. The shortage seeks a second daily Washington-Montreal Mr. Tomlinson says. of fuel for other travel, which could endure train through his state. Sen. Mark Hatfield Those who ride the trains in the months for years, holds promise of transforming the of Oregon proposes more routes, including ahead may find it an experience they'd like to once-sputtering U.S. effort to revive rail one between Portland and Denver; he's con forget, Amtrak planners also worry. Standing passenger service into a roaring-and last cerned about Pendleton, Ore., which is losing in the aisles will increase, and current prob ing-success. "A whizbang success," in the its United Air Lines flights to Portland. Rep. lems of heating and air-conditioning break \.\·ords of Rep. Brock Adams, a Washington William Scherle, an Iowa Republican, has a downs, bumpy rides, late arrivals and reserva St ate Democrat who's a rail expert. simpler request: have the Chicago-Oakland tions snafus aren't likely to disappear. 3082 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 14, 1974 But Amtrak men insist they're trying to ister Antoine Dak.oure, is warning that with is spending the $25 million earmarked for erase the black marks. Among other things, out fast emergency relief 200,000 people may economic recovery programs in West Africa. they're adding 135 new, more reliable locomo die of starvation in remote corners of the Rep. Charles Diggs (D. Mich.), chairman tives that should bring more trains 1n on Sahel, the 2,600-mile semi-desert strip across of the House Subcommittee on Africa and time next summer. New cars due for delivery Africa below the Sahara. author of the amendment for $25 million in 1975 and 1976 will boast innovations like International relief groups estimate that in recovery assistance, toured West Africa cafeterias and showers that will "give us an between 50,000 and 100,000 persons have died last December with a congressional group entirely new image," a spokesman says. in northern Ethiopia from drought or fam and has since called on the U.S. government Also, Amtrak bas been winning travelers ine-related diseases. No estimate has been to support a "major, long-term" economic back to the rails by offering service aimed at made of the death toll 1n West Africa, but development program for the six countries. the pleasure-bent. Included is the Mon thousands of nomads are known to have died Robert E. Bates, an aide to Sen. Edward trealer, a train running between Washing last year. Kennedy (D-Mass.) and a member of the ton and Montreal, that carries skiers and About 2 million persons have been left touring congressional group, criticized the vacationers. That train, says Dr. John G. destitute by the drought in West Africa and U.S. relief and recovery program as being too Freymann, a Hartford medical educator, is another 1.2 million have needed emergency preoccupied by a "cost-benefit ratio" ap "the best thing that's happened to the Con assistance in Ethiopia, with as many as proach toward helping people there. necticut Valley in 20 years." 63,000 living in relief camps at one point. "We're not spending anything on ways to The U.N. Food and Agricultural Organiza make this area viable," Bates said. "Every tion believes that more than 3.5 million head body will go along with providing food, but of cattle, worth $400 mlllion and about 25 the governments there realize they need more per cent of the total cattle population, per than just shipments of grain, and our gov AFRICAN DROUGHT WORSENS ished last year in the six affected West Afri ernment hasn't made up its mind to respond can countries-Senegal, Mali, Mauritania, to these kinds of needs." HON. EDWARD G. BIESTER, JR. Niger, Upper Volta and Chad. AID officials counter that the first pri Dakoure said that the total grain shortfall ority has been to improve the West African OF PENNSYLVANIA in the West African famine area will be 1.2 governments' ab1lity to deal with the im IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES million tons this year, compared to 850,000 mediate crisis and "to do the maximum pos Thursday, February 14, 1974 tons in 1973. He estimated that 660,000 tons sible to avoid another costly airlift," such of emergency food will be necessary in the as was necessary last summer to send food Mr. BIESTER. Mr. Speaker, despite next few months to prevent a disaster. to isolated towns and starving nomads. a massive infusion of basic foodstuffs FAQ director Addeke Boerm.a, on an 11· Most of the $25 million in recovery assist and other forms of assistance into the nation African tour pressing an appeal for ance is going into schemes to increase· agri drought-stricken areas of central Africa, more international aid, said at a press con cultural production immediately, according ference Jan. 23 in La.gos, Nigeria, that only to Fermine J. Spencer, AID's West African the famine continues to spread and take about 300,000 tons of food had been promised director. "If the new techniques being used its toll. The grain shortage has destroyed and "practically no money" was pledged for take hold, it will have an effect that will go livelihoods and has taken hundreds of the $30 million drought relief fund. way beyond the next harvest," he said. thousands of lives in past months with But officials of the U.S. Agency for Inter But AID officials readily admit they are prospects for relief which are less than national Development say here that about taking a "wait-and-see attitude" toward encouraging. The situation increasingly 530,000 tons of grain and foods have been multi-million dollar projects being proposed and progressively worsens, and interna pledged. according to their reports. They to build dams on the Niger and other rivers tional relief efforts-of both a short- and place the total need for grain and supple elsewhere in the drought-affected region. mentary high protein foods at about 715,000 They are awaiting a $1 million study of the long-range nature-are frustrated by the tons. region's "development options" by a Massa magnitude of the problem. The U.S. government has committed to chusetts Institute of Technology team whose For the benefit of my colleagues who the West African states 350,000 tons of food project is not expected to end for two yea.rs. may have missed a timely update of what grains for the 1974 fiscal year, bringing its Present conditions in the inland West is occurring in the Sahel and other areas total donations to 500,000 tons, and the value African states of Chad, Mali and Niger as of drought-ravaged Africa, I am insert of its emergency relief assistance to $100 well as in Mauritania on the coast generally ing into the RECORD a recent Washington million. over the past 18 months. The U.S. are described as grim. Food stocks have been Post article on this tremendously diffi also has pledged 22,250 tons of grains for exhausted and many animals that last year cult question: relief efforts in Ethiopia. provided milk and meat for hundreds of The U.S. contribution last year, and again thousands of nomads and peasants now are AFRICAN DROUGHT SPREADS-U.S. FOOD GOES, this year, will be a.bout 40 per cent of all dead. BUT LONG-TERM Am Is STALLED international relief aid pledged to the Only Senegal and Upper Volta are in some (By David B. Ottaway) stricken West African countries. what better straits than last year 1n terms The worst drought of the century 1n West Under unusually intense pressure from of rains and crops, according to AID officials. Africa. is continuing unabated, and in the black and church communities. Congress But Senegal has lost 50 per cent of its major Ethiopia, where thousands died last year als·o has approved $25 million for recovery foreign exchange earner, the peanut crop. from famine, the situation is steadily and rehabilitation programs in West Africa In Ethiopia, the U.S. government has ac worsening. and has appropriated, although not yet au cepted a United Nations estimate that the International relief agencies and African thorized, another $50 million. need for emergency food relief w111 reach leaders are warning of mass starvation later The drought has aroused enormous 150,000 tons, of which the Ethiopian govern this year if preventive steps are not taken sympathy and concern in the United States. ment probably will be able to provide less in the next few months. particularly among American blacks. U.S. than 30,000 tons. American black groups and U.S. church officials say they have not seen such mobiliza Pledges from foreign governments and relief organizations have been beating on tion for an African issue since the civil war international relief agencies now total about congressional doors to indicate their high 93,000 tons of food gralns, and the U.S. gov in Nigeria which ended in early 1970. ernment is being pressed to contribute an interest in the situation. and the United Africare, a private and largely black 'Wash States has become the largest food donor to other 30,000 tons to fill the gap. ington-based organization, has so far raised Press reports have questioned whether the meet the stricken regions' pressing immedi $230,000 for its Famine Relief Fund from ate needs. Ethiopian government has done enough for contributions-namely as small as $5 or $10- But U.S. officials concede that Washington its starving people and whether the situa from more than 10,000 persons, according to tion is as serious a.s described by U.S. has so far been far more reserved about com program director John Grey. mitting itself to long-term development aid agencies. projects to get at the drought area's funda The three-year-old group has received a AID officials now have reports that the mental problems. 32,000 grant from AID and $250,000 from the drought has spread into large areas of south Reports indicate that conditions have Lilly Endowment of Indianapolis for drought ern and eastern Ethiopia and still is a seri relief and recovery programs in the Sahelian ous problem in the two northern provinces worsened 1n four of the six West African of Tigre and Wallo, where thousands of peas countries already seriously affected last year. region. Another New York-based group, Relief for ants died last year from famine. For the first time, the drought has also This has led AID officials to conclude that reached crisis proportions in the northern Africans in Need in the Sahel (RAINS). has the U.N. 1:1.-gencies' reports are essentially cor regions of Nigeria and Cameroon. raised $50,000, mostly from black organiza rect in their assessment of the need for out In East Africa., the drought is spreading in tions and private citizens throughout the side emergency relief. Ethiopia and now is a serious problem 1n country. But one AID official quickly added: "There neighboring Kenya. As American involvemnt in drought re is also stlll a need for the Ethiopian gov The West African intergovernmental relief lief and rehabilitation programs grows, so ·ernment to increase the mobilizat ion of its coordinator, Upper Voltan Agricultural Min- does concern about how the U.S. government O'h'll resources." ·February 14, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3083 UAW STATEMENT ON ment, the whole society is in jeopardy. Should to the Deutschmark wm be re-established. UNEMPLOYMENT unemployment nationally hit the 8 to 10 per As unemployment in automobile and related cent range, we face not recession but de industries rise precipitously, there seems to pression. be only one immediate answer to the prob HON. JAMES A. BURKE While the huge oil companies show profits lem of imports. as much as 60 percent higher than a year We must institute temporary quotas on OF MASSACHUSETTS ago, the unemployment rate increased about automobile products imported from outside IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 9 percent in December to 4.9 percent after North America. We emphasize temporary, Thursday, February 14, 1974 reaching a Nixon "low" of 4.5 percent in Oc because these quotas must exist only long tober. The rapidly deteriorating economic sit enough to prevent severe hardship in this Mr. BURKE of Massachusetts. Mr. uation has recently added about 400,000 peo country. We therefore will ask the Congress Speaker, one of the most predictable of ple to the ranks of the jobless and these for federal legislation which will keep auto human reactions is that when a person's ranks of the unemployed are growing daily. imports, during this crisis period, from grow livelihood is threatened or appears to be UAW members are among the hardest hit. ing beyond the percentage of imports to sales Company reports of additional layoffs keep averaged over the past three years. Automo threatened, he seeks to do something pouring in almost hourly; the latest indica bile workers and their families must have about it. He seeks the removal or the tions are that auto workers in the hundreds that minimal protection to survive. alleviation of what threatens his job. of thousands could be affected in the com The temporary quotas on imports must We have seen it in response to the ing months-a substantial proportion of apply both to "captive" imported vehicles flood of imports into this Nation which them indefinitely. We are already well into a manufactured abroad by U.S. companies as has cost American workers more than a cold economic winter. well as those made by foreign manufacturers. million jobs, and which threatens more All of this didn't happen by accident. Nor U.S. companies must not be permitted to jobs as it continues unabated. is the energy crunch the whole cause. We glut the market with their foreign produced are in this terrible shape not only because cars while they lay off thousands of Ameri The bill that I have cosponsored with of the energy shortage, but also because un can workers at home. Senator HARTKE is a response to this; it der President Nixon we have lived with pro The temporary quotas will help to pre seeks to regulate the :flow of imports into grams of economic nonsense, instead of eco serve some auto workers' jobs and will, this country as a means of helping to nomic sense. As the Administration doffed therefore, not only alleviate human sttffer safeguard jobs of American workers. its hat to politically supportive industries, ing, but maintain purchasing power so This bill has long had the strong sup it actually planned unemployment for work sorely needed to keep the economy from sag port of the AFL-CIO and its affiliated ers. Phases 1 through 4 were economic night ging further. unions. mares. Just imagine what Phase 5 will do As temporary quotas on imports are es to us. The Administration coupled inept, tablished, U.S. auto companies must not be I am now glad to see that the United contradictory and inequitable economic pol permitted to relax their efforts to embark on Auto Workers has now publicly come out icies with a public relations program of in a crash program converting increased pro in support of import quotas-for the rea fantile optimism. Every piece of bad news was portions of their production to small car son that it wants to help save the jobs of alibied and the future was always seen manufacture and implementing known tech its members. The UAW previously had through rose-colored glasses. Practically every niques for greater fuel economy. supported many of the other provisions economic prophecy by Nixon and his aides DEVELOP A FEDERAL PROGRAM OF PUBLIC SERVICE of Burke-Hartke, but up to now has been has proven wrong. JOBS The energy shortage itself is, of course, the reluctant to seek quotas on the imports of major determinant in the continually On the broader level, we will seek also a cars. While I am sorry that the union worsening unemployment picture. The Nixon massive federal program of public service has taken so long to see the light, it is Administration has been inept and almost jobs to give work to the growing numbers nice to be able to welcome them aboard. criminally negligent in falling to prepare of unemployed. Here again, to emphasize the While the Burke-Hartke bill was not adequate programs to meet long anticipated temporary nature of this short range, quick part of the deliberations by the House on problems, including petroleum shortages. It solution to the problem of massive unem trade legislation, it is now before the has been guilty of shifting positions. It has, ployment, the number of these jobs should Senate. Therefore there still is the op as yet, refused to probe the secrets of the be tied directly to the rate of unemploy big oil companies. Prices for energy soar. Ad ment. This sliding scale concept-tying the portunity for across-the-board coopera ministration spokesmen promote scare head number of public service jobs to the percent tion on an import regulating provision in lines and panic buying. Misinformation ls age of unemployed-would avoid building the trade legislation which finally is ap heaped on misinformation. unnecessary numbers of federal job holders. proved by the Congress. We cannot restrain our shock when we Thus, when unemployment rose to eight per The statement follows: focus on the federal government's slashing cent there would be more public jobs to take up the slack, and each time the rate fell, the UAW STATEMENT ON UNEMPLOYMEN'r of the administrative budgets of the state unemployment agencies at the very moment number of jobs would be cut. The worker who loses a job is more than We need a revitalized public employment a statistic. The loss of the breadwinner's in unemployment is mushrooming. In Indiana, where there are thousands upon thousands program patterned after but stronger than come ls stark human tragedy. Nothing ls of the program approved and implemented in greater concern to UAW members and their Of unemployed workers, a million dollars was cut from the administrative budget of the 1971. Those programs contained a triggering families than jobs. No matter how wide the mechanism which set it off whenever the range of the interests of the UAW, our first agency. In Ohio, the government imposed a similar cut of $1.4 million. In Michigan it national unemployment rate went over 4.5 priority is and always has been jobs and percent or unemployment in a local area security of our members. was a million, six hundred thousand dollars, announced when the number of new claims exceeded 6 percent. This could be extended We are not doomsayers but we are realists. so that the degree of assistance would be We must face the facts. The unemployment filed during one week in the state was up 45 percent over the same week a year ago. graduated by the severity of unemployment picture in some sections of the auto industry in particular regions. There are innumerable is worse now than it has been at any time Instead of more dollars with which to meet astronomically multiplying claims, this Ad tasks which could be undertaken by those since the great depression of the thirties. publicly employed. On the basis of the very early and incom ministration decided to cut budgets. plete reports from the different parts of our The UAW demands a national commitment PROVIDE SPECIAL FEDERAL FUNDS TO HARD to solve immediately the urgent problem of HIT AREAS Union, we estimate conservatively that there massive unemployment. There must be both already are more than a hundred thousand short range and long range actions. They In particularly hard-hit areas, there is a UAW members la.id off indefinitely. In addi must be bold and innovative. If the Admin strong justification for the federal govern tion tens of thousands see their plants to istration will not or cannot furnish leader ment to spend money in the way of grants tally shut down for varying periods of time. ship, the Congress must. to communities which may have never ex The truth is that there is the potential of While we work out a total national pro perienced this sort of plight before and that catastrophic unemployment for workers in gram, there are immediate steps we must are financially ill-equipped to deal with it. general, and automobile workers in par In 1972 the federal government, through ticular. take. salaries, contracts, welfare, and other ex Unbelievably, while unemployment rates ESTABLISH TEMPORARY QUOT4S ON VEHICLE penditures, accounted for a smaller percent threaten to go through the ceiling, the rate IMPORTS age of the total personal income of Mich of inflation continues to break all records. As We are, after all, automobile workers. We igan residents than it provided for the resi our people lose income, prices for the neces know that in 1964 there were 484,100 im dents of all other states; Illinois, Indiana, sities of living soar. There are even threats of ported automobiles sold in this country; a. and Ohio ranked only slightly higher. If the a dollar for a loaf of bread and a dollar for figure that grew in ten years to 1,773,779 government is at all sensitive to the people's a gallon of gas. Once again workers are the units in 1973. With the dollar strengthening needs, these states should find themselves chief victims. in the international currency market, it now at the top rather than the bottom of federal While the workers bear the brunt of both seems likely that the old 360 Yen relation expenditures in the period immediately galloping inflation and mounting wiemploy- ship to the dollar and a s1Inilar relationship ahead. CXX--195-Part 3 3084 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 14, 1974 MICHIGAN-A SPECIAL CASE In the Nixon administration they find United States is specifically vested in the Michigan is the heartland of the UAW. We nothing more than confusion, lack of credi Congress, which includes the House of cannot discuss unemployment and its cures b111ty, callousness toward their plight, and Representatives. Our resolution declares only in national terms. Michigan ·is critical primary concern for big business which pro not only to auto workers; it is critical also to vided the money to wage Nixon's election it the sense of the House of Representa t j1e national economy. campaign. tives that this clause take precedence Unemployment is increasing dramatically In the current void of national leadership, over the treaty ratification power of the in Michigan. Flint, Michigan at this moment, the UAW issues this urgent call for action Senate, and that any new agreement is nearing depression levels of unemployment. by the President, Congress and state gov with Panama which would relinquish our Th e prognosis in Michigan is, of course, much ernments. property in the Canal Zone could not worse than the present actuality. In 1958 we JANUARY 30, 1974. take effect without prior authorization h ad more than 409,000 unemployed workers from both Houses of Congress. in Michigan, but we believe 1974 could make 1958 look like a good year. In introducing this resolution, it is my Michigan's Governor Milliken, however, has THE PANAMA CANAL IS VITAL TO hope that the administration will take shown the same lack of regard for workers OUR NATIONAL INTERESTS another look at what is at stake in these as Mr. Nixon. Despite the 380 million dollar negotiations with Panama. Any steps tax cut last year, now, in an election year, short of surrendering our sovereign con Governor Milliken proposes to slash another HON. GARNER E. SHRIVER trol over the operation of the canal 107 million dollars in tax funds by new which can be taken to ease political pres amendments for tax credits. OF KANSAS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sures in Panama should be taken. But The game Milliken is playing is easy no steps should be taken which would enough to understand. He underestimates Thursday, February 14, 1974 and miscalculates the budget--especially the seriously jeopardize our economy and social services budget, which according to Mr. SHRIVER. Mr. Speaker, for the national defense. him would increase in this time of dire need past 5 years the goal of our Nation's for less for the coming year than it did for the eign policy has been a realistic reassess Ia.st. Then if the legislators fill in the gaps ment of our national interests. While re he has left, like Mr. Nixon, he can label them maining strong in support of interests VETERANS BENEFITS "Big spenders,'' and the latest 107 million dollar tax gift to industry and others will which are determined to be vital to our have evaporated because the legislature ex national security and economy, we are HON. BROCK ADAMS ceeded his budget. But even if his budget lowering our presence in other areas. The OF WASHINGTON were honest and reasonable, this is no time general terminology for this policy is the to reduce taxes. Any leader who would cut Nixon doctrine. I have consistently sup IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES taxes when the state is on the brink of ported that policy. Thursday, February 14, 1974 economic disaster is playing politics at the However, I now believe the architects expense of the people. Mr. ADAMS. Mr. Speaker, I rise today we therefore urge the Michigan legislature of the Nixon doctrine are in danger of to present to the House of Representa to reject the Governor's grandstand play. Re making a serious mistake in their deter tives a comprehensive package of legis fuse his tax cut. Make his budget realistic. mination of what is and what is not vi lation designed to improve the educa Institute a constructive state program to tal to our national interests. I am refer tional and economic situation of our give work to people and a future to the state. ring to the current negotiations on the Nation's veterans, especially our Viet STATE PUBLIC SERVICE PROGRAMS future operation of the Panama Canal. nam-era veterans. Michigan and other states threatened with Secretary of State Henry Kissinger has They are a vast group of Americans a disastrous increase in unemployment must signed an "agreement on principles" with who have probably given more of them establish programs of public service employ the present Government of Panama selves for the well-being of the United ment. If the unemployed were offered wo~k which could lead to the. surrendering of States than any other single group; yet, by the state in a crash program at prevail our control over the U.S.-owned Canal in many very major ways, we have not ing wages, we could do wonders. We could Zone and the Panama Canal. I have the help people retain their dignity. We could given them the recognition and the ben clean up our communities. We could make greatest respect for the Secretary, but efits extended to many other people in our cities livable. We could revitalize our I cannot support any action which could our society. towns. We could stimulate the sick housing endanger the future use of the canal by We began many years ago with good industry. We could repair our streets, high our naval and maritime vessels. intentions and some effective programs ways and sidewalks. We could fill the chuck At the present time approximately 70 to assist our returning veterans in re holes. We could beautify our environment. percent of canal traffic either originates establishing themselves in our society. Of We could renovate and improve recreational or terminates in the United States. Con fac1lities, particularly those adjacent to and particular significance was the GI bill. tinued operation of the canal is vital to A study recently completed by the Educa within major cities and towns. Deteriorating our economy. One look at the history of railroad beds could be renovated and re tional Testing Service called the bill : paired. We could construct and operate re the Suez Canal should teach us never to One of the most important and effective cycling depots. All of this could be done give up our control of canal operations. pieces of legislation Congress had ever en programs socially constructive, labor inten Our Government should not take any acted. It profoundly affected the fortunes of sive and which will contribute to the easing action which could lead to an oppor veterans and postwar society, and it trans of the energy problem. tunity for leaders of another country to formed the nation's higher education system. PROVIDE SUFFICIENT FUNDS TO ADMINISTE R UN dictate the terms of our use of the canal, However, over the years, that fine pro EMPLOYMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS which is so vital for the defense of gram has been eaten away by higher edu There are priority items which can't wait the United States and the Western cation costs, inflation, and changes in for a total program. All of the money cut Hemisphere. the Veterans' Administration policy to from the administrative budgets of the state Therefore, I am today cosponsoring a unemployment agencies must be restored im ward the program. Similarly, while we resolution declaring that it is the sense have long provided veterans with pen mediately. But that is only the beginning. of the House of Representatives that the Budgets of such agencies must be increased sions and disability compensation, we realistically to take care of the fast mul United States should retain our sover have subsequently either allowed infla tiplying numbers of our out of work people. eign rights and jurisdiction over the tionary costs to outpace those benefits or Benefit levels and duration periods for un Panama Canal. have allowed compensatory reductions in employment compensation must be federally The United States designed and built veterans' payments due to increases in strengthened, improved and extended. There the Panama Canal at great cost in both social security benefits. should be 52 weeks of benefits in every state lives and money. Existing and valid faced with major unemployment problems. The Veterans' Affairs Committees of treaties give title and ownership of the both the House and the Senate have been These things must be done forthwith. Canal Zone "in perpetuity" to the United After we have accomplished those first steps conscientiously working to improve many we can go to work on a total set of instru States. These treaties include the Hay of these veterans programs. Their task ments to a.void human suffering and eco Pauncefote Treaty of 1901, the Hay has not been an easy one because of ob nomic disaster. Bunau-Varilla Treaty of 190·3, and the stinacy on the part of the Veterans' Ad In time of urgency, workers like other Thomson-Urrutia Treaty of 1914. ministration and the Nixon administra Americans, look to their national leaders Under article IV, section 3, clause 2 tion. Perhaps, however, we will see some for answers. They want leadership. They want of our Constitution, the power to dispose advances on veterans' fronts during this action. of territory or other property of the session of the 93d Congress since Presi- February 14, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3085 dent Nixon has recently changed his tune and the VA $600. Any cost above $1,000 COST-A CONSENSUS BEACHED AFTER CONSULT• on veterans' affairs by calling for an 8- would have to be paid by the veteran. ING THE VA, OMB, AND VARIOUS PRIVATE percent increase in veterans' educational This would enable veterans in States CONCERNS benefits and a revised pension plan with with high-cost public education to use First. Tuition payment--$200 million. regular cost-of-living increases. the GI benefits. The GI bill participation Second. Subsistence increase--$370 Nevertheless, I do not believe that the rates in Ohio, Pennsylvania, Indiana, million. Congress should be deluded by the ad New Jersey, and New York-States with Third. Extension of entitlement-$15 ministration's sudden generosity. The public education costs averaging over million. cost of living rose about 9 percent last $750-are half those of States with low Fourth. Extension of eligibility pe year and is expected to increase another cost public education-California, Texas, riod-$20 million. 7 percent this year. That means that the and Massachusetts. The inability of the Fifth. Accelerated subsistence-No new President's generous 8-percent increase veteran to make an initial tuition pay cost. in veterans educational benefits is half ment of $600 or $800 is the most formi Sixth. Expansion of work-study-$25 as much as is really needed by our vet dable obstacle preventing participation in million-to be determined by VA and erans to keep pace with the vicious circle an education or training program. congressional authorization. of educational, financial, and employ Second. An increase in the subsistence Seventh. Communication Center ment problems which confront them. allowance paid to veterans in vocational Funded out of existing VA funds. The State of Washington, like other rehabilitation and education programs An educational low-interest rate loan States, is facing a staggering increase in of 13.6 percent. This is consistent with program. living costs. However, unlike other States, action already taken in the House of An action plan for employment of Washington has an unemployment rate Representatives and covers the 8-per disabled and Vietnam-era veterans; that is roughly 8 percent, which is higher cent inflation rate since the present rates chapter 42 would be amended by add than the national level of 5.2 percent. were enacted. · ing new section 2014 directing an ac The unemployment rate for Vietnam era Third. An extension of the present 36- tion plan for employment of disabled veterans is even higher. The Educational month entitlement period for up to 9 and Vietnam-era veterans. This section Testing Service has determined that the adqitional months subject to case-by is identical to that which was passed by national average for tuition at a 4-year case approval by the VA. This will allow the Senate unanimously last August but public instituti-on is $419 a year. In Wash veterans who are subject to special cir was dropped following House-Senate ne ington State, the average tuition is about cumstances to complete the course of gotiations. Under this provision, the Ad $564. That amount is not as high as some education they set out on. Specifically, ministrator of Veterans' Affairs in con States' averages, but that expense per it is intended for those who have lost sultation with the Secretary of Labor haps explains why only 27 .8 percent, or credits because they have transferred and the Civil Service Commission, shall, 37 ,808 veterans in Washington State from one school to another or because within 90 days of enactment, establish have ever gone to college under the GI they lacked sufficient preparatory back an affirmative .action plan for every Fed bill. In fact, during the 1972 academic ground and need additional courses to eral department and agency for the year, only 2 percent or 3,200 Vietnam era complete their program of instruction. preferential employment of disabled vet veterans were enrolled in Washington Fourth. An increase from 8 to 10 years erans and veterans of the Vietnam era. State community colleges. in the eligibility period. Presently vet Each agency would be required to sub Because I believe that it is imperative erans have 8 years from date of dis mit to the President, a report indicating to help provide veterans in Washington charge to complete their education with action taken under the plan and the State and throughout the Nation with the help of GI assistance. Many veterans President in turn is required to submit the dignity we have offered to other discharged in 1964, 1965, and 1966 were detailed statistical reports to Congress members of our society, I am today of unable to use the benefits until 1970 once a year indicating the extent to fering a package of veterans legislation. when the subsistence rate was raised which the action plan has been success My package includes: . above $130. Others have attended on a ful during the preceding calendar year, A comprehensive Vietnam era veterans part-time basis and also face the pros together with statistics showing the ex education benefit plan. pect of losing part of their 36-month tent to which each department and THE COMPREHENSIVE VIETNAM ERA VETERANS allotment when the 8 years are up. agency has complied with the action EDUCATIONAL BENEFITS ACT OF 1973 Fifth. A provision allowing a veteran plan. Inadequacies in the present GI bill to draw his full 36-month entitlement A 15-percent increase in the disability deny the Vietnam veteran the assist in larger amounts over a shorter period rating schedule for all disabled veterans. ance and opportunities that Congress of time. Present subsistence allowance I intend to vote for the veterans edu intended they have. This is the conclu for a single veteran is $220 per month. cational benefits package which the sion of the congressionally commissioned This provision would allow the veteran House Committee on Veterans' Affairs report published by the Educational to draw up to $440 per month for onlY has recently reported to the House floor. Testing Service on .educational assist 18 months. This would enable veterans I believe it is a good package. I also be ance programs for veterans. Their find with prior education to complete their lieve that the .additions to that package ings are confirmed by independent hear programs with a minimum of money I have mentioned above would create an ings conducted by the National League o·t worries. It would also enhance the pros excellent program for our veterans. Cities, U.S. Conference of Mayors, and pects for those who may wish to attend On March 29, the Nation will honor all the American Association of Junior Col medical or law school or a 2-year voca our Vietnam-era veterans. That honor leges. tional objective. is certainly well deserved. However, with This bill is designed to overcome the Sixth. The bill removes the restric the enactment of a comprehensive .and specific inadequacies of the present GI tions of the work study program. This sound veterans program, we will be pre bill and provide assistance and oppor will enable the VA to utilize veterans to senting our veterans with real honor and tunities to veterans who are currently fulfill vitally needed outreach work dignity, and, indeed, gratitude for the unable to use their benefits. It is also while allowing them to earn money that services they have rendered the Nation. designed to meet the mandates of major veterans organizations in the most com will help defray their college costs. prehensive, flexible, ancl effective man Seventh. Establishment of a Vietnam ner possible. Era Veterans Communication Center and EXPULSION SHOWS DEGREE OF IN MAJOR PROVISIONS a Veterans Advisory Committee. The DIVIDUAL LIBERTIES OF RUSSIAN center would insure that the input, ad CITIZENS First. A tuition payment made to the vice, experience, and knowledge of young veteran for tuition costs above $400 per school year. The ETS study showed $400 veterans would be used in the coordi HON. MARJORIE S. HOLT to be the average tuition cost at a 4-year nation and implementation of programs affecting Vietnam era veterans. The ad OP MARYLAND public institution. The veteran would pay IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the first $400 himself and the VA would visory task force would combine Govern reimburse him for tuition costs :lP to a ment and private efforts to make veter Thursday, February 14, 1974 total of $1,000. Out of a total tuition cost ans programs more effective and more Mrs. HOLT. Mr. Speaker, the arrest of $1,000, the veteran -:;vould pay $400 widely utilized. and expulsion of Alexander Solzhenitsyn 3086 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Feb rua1~y 14, 1974 from the Soviet Union has resulted in GOVERNMENT R&D REPORT, that the energy industry demanded. But in worldwide public condemnation. Mr. Cambridge, Mass. recent years public concern over oil spills and Solzhenitsyn's crime was writing a vivid DEAR FRIEND: Having been associated for strip mining and growing opposition to de some years with organizations involved with velopment of unspoiled places have brought account of the excesses of the Stalin Federally supported programs, many times I a new dimension into the decision-making at regime; his efforts were rewarded with found it difficult to remain adequately in Interior, one that the department is poorly a loss of citizenship. formed about the numerous Federal agencies equipped to handle in the public interest. In our consideration of improved re which should have been approached for sup Striking an intelligent balance between de lations with the Soviet Union through port for additional projects. In recognition velopment and environmental protection re trade concessions, the SALT talks, cul of the need for busy individuals to remain quires knowledge and concern for what might tural exchanges, joint scientific projects up to date on current Federal funding be lost by development, as well as what might and the like, it is important that we keep sources, Government R&D Report has been be gained. The alarming fact is that the In established. terior Department knows very little about the case of this brave author in mind. Access to relevant funding information is how much the public owns and what it is His case has far more importance than but a part of the total effort that will be re worth; it knows even 'less about the harm the fate of one man and his family; it is quired by you to obtain government infor that may happen to marine life, wildlife, the indicative of the true nature of the Rus mation. There will also be agency personnel face of the earth, or to people's cherished sian Government and the degree of in to talk to, nuances of departments to under lifestyles if development proceeds. stand; and of course, preparation of the for dividual liberties within that country. A GIGANTIC GIVEAWAY mal proposal. However, access to relevant Ignoring the Soviet Union's rhetoric information is a vital part of the overall The Interior Department is now under in and observing its actions gives one little proposal effort. tense pressure to throw open the remaining encouragement as to pcsitive change in I hope that this complementary copy rep federal lands to the energy compQnies. In his its philosophy or policies. If the fate of resents a service which you will want to Jan. 23 energy message to Congress, President Solzhenitsyn is typical of domestic pol take advantage of. A partial list of the agen Nixon directed the Secretary of the Interior icy and recent Russian actions in the cies surveyed by Government R&D Report is to lease 10 million acres of the Outer Conti Mideast demonstrative of foreign policy, listed in this edition. A number of these nental Shelf in 1975. This would be an amaz then we must continue to be extremely agencies support R&D projects within the ing tenfold increase over the less than 1 mil capabilities of your organization. And, to en lion acres leased in 1973. On the face of it, wary of the motives and ambitions of sure that our publication remains an asset a stepped-up program sounds like a fine re this country. to your planning activities, it is our policy to sponse to the energy crisis. But is a massive Mr. Speaker, while we have cause to survey other agencies specifically requested sale of public assets really in the public be thankful for the successes of the pol by our subscribers. interest? icy of detente, let us not allow these Sincerely, In the first place, it is doubtful that the achievements to blind us to other hos WILLIAM G. MARGETTS, Ph. D., oil industry can triple its drilling capability In Editor. in these offshore waters in the next few tile Russian initiatives. our desire to years, much less explore 10 times as much relax tensions let us not compromise our acreage. Shortages of drllling rigs and skilled principles. And in our efforts to create manpower are already a bottleneck. A likely a climate of international harmony, let THE FORGOTTEN ENERGY prospect is that ownership of the petroleum us place a greater value on actions AGENCIES in the ground will simply pass from the rather than words. government into oil industry hands. And with leases offered faster than they can be HON. TENO RONCALIO developed, they are likely to bring only OF WYOMING bargain-basement prices. FEDERAL ASSISTANCE AND TECH IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The sale in one year of what could be a series of oil fields the size of Maryland and NOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT Thursday, February 14, 1974 Delaware combined has all the ingredients of a gigantic giveaway of the public domain Mr. RONCALIO of Wyoming. Mr. even if "competitive bidding procedures are HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON Speaker, I am happy to insert into the followed," as the President assured. The RECORD an excellent and farsighted ar danger of selling the vast federal domain for OF MASSACHUSETTS ticle by Mr. S. David Freeman, director a fraction of its value is especially acute be IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the Ford Foundation's energy policy cause the department has little or no knowl Thursday, February 14, 1974 project. edge of how much oil and gas it will be The article follows: selling and thus no solid basis for appraising Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, one the bids. The problem is compounded by the of the problems each of us must deal with [From the Washington Post, Feb. 10, 1974) system of selling the oil and gas to the high daily is that of local Federal grants. Most THE FORGOTTEN ENERGY AGENCIES est cash bidder, rather than a profit-sharing commonly, this arises when a constitu (By S. David Freeman} system under which the government would ent is having a problem with a specific Now that the United States is experiencing receive a sizable share of the selling price a crisis, we find that energy policy has be of whatever quantities of oil and gas were dis grant application. But I believe there is covered. When the government doesn't know a more serious problem of which we are come too important to be left to the energy agencies. William E. Simon, the energy czar, how much it is selling and is flooding the less aware. It seems tO me that most has taken charge, and his Federal Energy market with sales, even a very large cash businesses and communities simply do Office is the focal point of public attention. bonus could prove to be a very bad bargain. not know what funds are available to Yet the Interior Department, the Atomic Yet there is an even graver threat from them, or how they can be obtained. In Energy Commission, the Federal Power Com a sudden tenfold increase in offshore drilling. fact, providing that kind of anticipatory mission and the Environmental Protection Anyone familiar with the meager capability information could prove in itself to be a Agency, to mention only a few, still carry out of the Interior Department for analyzing the programs that are vital to any solution of environmental impacts of its leasing pro full-time, major operation. gram must shudder at the prospect. Lack of It is for this reason that I would like our energy problems. While we listen to what Simon says, the nation had better take a look knowledge can become a formula for lack of to call to the attention of my colleagues at what the old line agencies are doing. environmental protection. The department's the formation of a new organization, A good place to start is with the Interior performance in the Alaska pipeline and its Government R. & D. Report, a public Department, which has custody over the fed offshore leasing program to date-where service corporation located in Cambridge, eral domain. Most of the oil and gas that is citizen suits were required to order com Mass. The purpose of this new organiza economically recoverable in the next decade pliance with environmental prote•ction law tion, organized and headed by William is public property buried in the earth, largely inspires little confidence. Margetts, is to publish a regular report, beneath offshore waters. The government also The Interior Department has shown owns huge coal reserves in the West and most neither the ab111ty nor the determination to detailing new Federal grant opportuni withstand the pressure for development even ties and the ways in which local govern of the country's oil shale. Interior's perform ance can make or break our energy future; if serious environmental concerns are pres ments, private researchers, or small busi and in the process it can either destroy or ent. With the Atlantic coastal zone the next nesses can apply for such funds. protect vast regions of the nation that are target for development, the nation had bet I would like to insert Dr. Margetts' in still naturally beautiful. ter watch this leasing program very carefully. troductory letter in the RECORD at this Historically, the Interior Department has AEC: POWER OR SAFETY time for the information of my col- been dedicated to development of the fuels The President's request in his Jan. 23 mes leagues. The text follows: on the federal lands pretty much at the pace sage for legislation to acceleraite the licensing February 14, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3087 and construction of nuclear power plants with rate increase requests that are a /ait CORPS OF ENGINEERS REPORTS ON reemphasizes the key role of the Atomic accompli. The state commissions do not con LAKE MICHIGAN DIVERSION Energy Commission in the nation's energy trol their expansion plans and are duty policy. The speed-up campaign from the bound under existing rules to grant them White House, coupled with President Nixon's rate increases that cover all their costs and HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER remark of a few months ago that fears about a reasonable profit. And the Federal Power OF WISCONSIN atomic power are "old wives' tales," is not Commission has no power over the expansion terribly comforting to people who are soberly plans of the electric power industries, except IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES aware of the dangers. These concerns are when they build power dams, which they Thursday, February 14, 1974 heightened by the AEC's failure to press seldom do these days. for the budget initially requested for :Lts The fact that the electric power industry Mr. STEIGER of Wisconsin. Mr. regulatory program, and a feeling by key is going to keep growing is all the more Speaker, during the past 2 years resi regulatory officials at the AEC that their ef reason to limit its growth to the facilities dents of shoreline areas bordering the forts are not understood or supported by the really needed and to locate them so as not Great Lakes have been plagued by severe agency head. to ruin the countryside. If the Federal Power property damage resulting from wms The safety record of atomic plants to date Commission can't perform that job for the ually high water levels. has been good in large part because the AEC public then what good is it? has taken the time to carefully scrutinize A whole new mandate for the Federal Among the suggestions for easing this their design and construction. Even so there Power Commission and utility regulation in c1itical situation is a proposal to increase are unresolved problems of safety, waste dis general is going to be required, and perhaps the rate of diversion from Lake Michigan posal and safeguarding nuclear material. In some reorganization of the electric utility into the Illinois Waterway at Chicago. addition, there is a need to st1·engthen the industry as well. Rate-making concepts 1n Legislation such as H.R. 12015 has been quality controls and inspections to assure effect today are part of the promotional introduced to allow diversion rates aver that the growing number of plants are built era-when we measured progress in kilowatt aging up to 10,000 cubic feet per second, to operate safely and reliably. hours. They need to be turned around. One of the major problems with the AEC's New rules for pricing electricity are needed although a maximum of 3,200 cubic feet regulatory program is that it is only a part to provide incentives for conservation to per second would apply when lake levels time job for the chairman and most of the replace p~omotional rates and profits based fall below normal. other commissioners. Assuring that atomic solely on plant expansions. Regional regula In trying to evaluate the implications plan~ are safe requires full-time attention tory agencies may be needed to develop of such a plan, I thought it wise to turn by the people responsible for signing their regional plans for maximum efficiency and to the Army Corps of Engineers for ad names to the decisions. The administration minimum impact on the landscape, with vice. As a result I learned that studies proposal to split the AEC's regulatory func authority to assure that utiUty expansions tion away from its promotional activities conform to the plan. These regional agencies had already predicted a drop of about and create a separate independent Nuclear could assist the states 1n fixing retail rates. 1 % inches during the first year and an Energy Commission is thus an urgently They could assure that power grids were ultimate fall of 6 inches after 15 years, needed reform. Yet in the final analysis it is strong enough to take fuH advantage of the assuming diversion at the maximum 10,- people rather than organizational structures savings in land and capital from truly inte 000 cubic feet per second rate. that count. Nuclear power needs regulators grated planning and operation. More information was needed, because .who put safety first and will not be carried. A Federal Power Commission alert to the the above analysis neglected the varia away by concern for the current shortages in public need should be actively proposing deciding issues that pose dangers to man such reforms. We cannot afford to drift ahead bility of rates built into the pending leg kind for generations to come. The nation with utility expansions under ground rules islation. Further, available data failed must keep the spotlight on the Atomic En and institutional arrangements that are in to define the plan's expected impact dur ergy Commission or its successor. flating our electric bills and cluttering the ing times of low lake levels. While the FPC: NONREGULATION landscape with more investments in facilities present high water lasts, the idea of in The Federal Power Commission is hardly than are reaJ.ly needed. If the FPO or the creasing diversions is attractive, but it in the news these days, even though it is executive branch show no initiative, the Con could pose serious problems when we the principal federal agency for public regu gress should. face a low water period such as the one lation of the electric power and natural gas EPA: STILL VITAL we had in 1964-65. We might then re industries. Despite earth tremors in the en Another victim of the energy crisis is gret having increased diversions during ergy world, the FPO seems content to carry public attention to pollution abatement. The out routine activities that deal with a tiny cleanup campaign so nobly begun and so preceding years. fraction of the electric power industry's pr.ob widely reported in the media a few. years Gen. W. O. Bachus, North Central Di lems. It has made no effort yet to seek a ago is giving way to daily bulletins as to vision Engineer, has provided the results broader mandate so it can deal With urgent whether we will get enough energy, never of further studies in a letter addressed issues that no public agency is now equipped mind whether it is clean or dirty. lit is to me. His investigation applied the to handle. therefore useful to remind ourselves that variable water level management pro The public is concerned about the massive the work of the Environmental Protection gram outlined in the proposed legislation increases in the retail rates for electricity, Agency is just as vital as ever. The medical the problems of where to locate power plants evidence on air pollution has not changed to the 1900-67 historical period. The re and transmission lines in harmony with the it is still a health hazard. The damage from search revealed that the lakes' maximum, best use of the land, and of course the elec strip mining, oil spills and the rest is still minimum, and mean levels during the tric power industry's ability to avoid black a clear and present danger. period would have been reduced by 4 outs and brownouts. The FPO really plays The crucial test of our resolve is coming inches, 1% inches, and 2% inches re only a small role in satisfying these public up as EPA acts in 1975 to implement the spectively. Thus, measured in inches, the concerns. primary air quality standards to protect benefits dw·ing times of very high water The electric power industry is becoming human health. It will require industry to use steadily more important as it takes on a cleanup technology that is expensive and levels would be three times as great as larger share of the entire energy supply each which industry claims is not yet reliable. the costs incurred when Lakes Michigan year. Already over 25 per cent of all fuel The energy crisis will no doubt be cited as and Huron are very low. goes into generating electricity each year, an execuse for putting off the cleanup. Yet Of course, the analysis must be ex and by the turn of the century over half the irony is that the actions some cities must tended to translate this raw data into our energy supply may reach the consumer take to comply with these clean air standardfl more meaningful estimates of the gains as electricity. As oil and natural gas become are precisely those that are needed to over and losses. Hearings should be held soon scarcer, coal, atomic energy, geothermal come the shortage of gasoline; creating better to fully evaluate the proposal. steam and, in the future, solar energy will public transportation to substitute for be converted to electricity to meet future privat e cars in getting to work. The ability The text of this letter follows: energy needs. of EPA to stick by its guns and withstand DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, The electric power industry has always the pressures from inside and outside will Chicago, Ill., February 4, 1974. depend on how much the public cares. Hon. WILLIAM A. STEIGER, been subject to public regulation primarily House of Representatives, by state utllity commissions. But the 3,400 Energy policy in the government has been Washington, D.C. separate utilities have hooked their systems so fragmented and so ineffective in the past DEAR MR. STEIGER: This is in further reply together into networks in which power flows that it is good to have a czar. But paying to your letter of 22 January 1974, requesting over vast regions of the country. They are aittention to what the established agencies information regarding the possible effects of really beyond the power of the states to are doing, or not doing, may be much more increasing the diversion of water :from Lake regulate effectively. The utilities come in important. Michigan. 3088 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 14, 197 4 There have been numerous suggestions THERE IS URGENT NEED TO RE tion. First, the issue of venue. Why did over the years to vary the diversions of water FORM OUR GRAND JURY SYSTEM the Justice Department believe it was into and out of the Great Lakes Basin. Be cause of the high levels of the lakes for the necessary to drag these five men 1,400 past two years, many requests have been re HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL miles from their families and friends to ceived to increase the diversion at Chicago. testify before a grand jury in Fort Our studies show essentially the same re OF NEW YORK Worth, especially in view of the fact that sults as those provided to you by the Lake IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a grand jury was convened in the south Survey Center in Detroit. Based on maxi Thursday, February 14, 1974 ern district of New York in November of mum rate of about 10,000 cfs in the first that year to also investigate gun-run year, the level o:f Lake Michigan would :fall Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, on June 27, ning? a.bout 1 % inches below the level that would 1973, Congressman BoB EcKHARDT and I result from current diversion policies. The introduced the "Federal Grand Jury Re Besides the obvious reason of harass ultimate effect was also estimated to reach form Act of 1973" (H.R. 9008 and 9837), ment, many persons have speculated that a six inch drop over a period of about 15 the administration wanted to remove years. a bill which would significantly reform this particular investigation from the This office has made a preliminary study of the Federal grand jury procedure without New York City area since it involved the effects of increasing the Chicago divers.ion removing the effectiveness of the grand Irish-Americans in a heavily Irish city whenever the combined water supplies to jury as a tool for investigating crimes and during an election year. Lakes Superior and Michigan-Huron were at returning indictments. This legislation Second, the issue of punishment was or above average. At other times when the has now been cosponsored by 20 other involved. Since no other witnesses be combined supplies were below average it was Members of Congress and is pending be assumed that the diversion rate would re sides the ''Fort Worth Five" were called main at 3,200 cfs. The results indicate that fore Congressman JosHUA EILBERG's sub to testify before the grand jury, it be applying such a variable Chicago diversion committee along with a similar bill that came apparent that the prosecutors were scheme over the period 1900-1967, the maxi Congressman EILBERG has introduced. really not concerned with gathering mum, minimum and mean levels on Lakes Hopefully, hearings on these bills will be testimony on gun-running. The Justice Michigan-Huron would be reduced by 4 gin sometime this spring. Department was using its ability to have inches, 1 %, inches and 2 % inches, respec Over the last iew years, the Federal witnesses cited for civil contempt after tively. Therefore, it is concluded that the low Government has used the grand jury as refusing to testify under "use" immunity levels such as those which occurred in 1964- a vehicle to harass and punish political 1965 on Lakes Michigan-Huron would have to harass and punish, just as it was been about 1 % inches lower. dissidents. The grand jury no longer similarly using its power to choose the There will be some problems created on serves its original purpose of protecting venue of the grand jury. the Illinois Waterway by increasing the Chi the innocent from unwarranted prose Third, the prosecutors were asking cago diversion. Since it takes several days cution. On the contrary, the grand jury questions of the "Fort Worth Five" for flows to pass from Chicago to Alton, it is now the potentially abusive tool of the which concerned men who had either would be impossible to eliminate all flood overzealous prosecutor. For the prosecu effects from the increased diversion when ad already been found guilty of, or had been verse weather conditions occur. Also naviga tor is the individual who decides what indicted for, gun-running. If the Justice tion interests on the Illinois Waterway would should be investigated, who should be Department was indeed interested in the experience increased operational problems in subpenaed and when, and what questions testimony of the "Fort Worth Five," it certain constricted reaches due to higher should be asked of the witnesses. The was using the grand jury as a tool t.o gain velocities. grand jurors rarely take part in any of information about an individual who had I trust this information is helpful to you. these vital functions. already been indicted. This practice has Sincerely, Complicating this problem of complete been many times declared by the courts W. 0. BACHUS, prosecutorial dominance of the grand t.o Brigadier General~ USA, Division Engineer. as contrary the purpose of a grand jury proceedings are two other factors. jury, for gathering knowledge about in First, the witnesses who appear before dicted individuals is the function of our the grand jury, since they have not been law enforcement agencies. WELFARE AND PENSION PLANS accused of any crime, have virtually no Similar abuses of the grand jury proc DISCLOSURE ACT constitutional rights. Second, the re ess have taken place in numerous cases cent practice of granting "use" immu all across the country. The grand jury nity, where a witness may still be prose has been used not only to harass politi HON. JOHN H. DENT cuted for a crime, but not on the basis of cal dissidents, but also to attack this OF PENNSYLVANIA this testimony or any evidence derived country's freedom of the press. It is not IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES from it, has allowed the Federal Govern necessary to recall the number of Thursday, February 14, 1974 ment to take advantage of the other in journalists who have faced jail sentences adequacies of the grand jury. under a civil contempt charge for re Mr. DENT. Mr. Speaker, yesterday, l'. When Congressman ECKHARDT and I fusing to reveal their sources after being introduced H.R. 12781, a bill to revise the introduced our legislation, we were re granted "use" immunity. Welfare and Pension Plans Disclosure sponding t.o a series of events which dem Recently, it has been brought to my Act. This bill contains the text of the onstrated that the grand jury was failing attention that another incident appar substitute language necessary to conform to function properly. One of the most ently involving grand jury abuse is H.R. 2 to the proposed accommodation well-known of these events was the "Fort taking place on the west coast. In a case between the Committee on Ways and Worth Five" case. Five Irish-Americans that is remarkably similar to the "Fort Means and the Committee on Education who resided in New York City were served Worth Five" incident, Robert Meisel, a and Labor. While our committee has not subpenas in June 1972, requiring them Vietnam war veteran, has been in jail endorsed, or in any other way approved to testify before a grand jury in Fort for the past 10 months for refusing to of this proposal, I am hopeful that they Worth, Tex. The grand jury was investi testify before a Federal grand jury in will accept and endorse the language gating gun-running activities t.o North vestigating a gun-running conspiracy contained in H.R. 12781 so that it may be ern Ireland. None of these men had ever originating in Butte, Mont. offered as a committee amendment for been to Texas. After being granted use immunity, the text of H.R. 2. After being granted "use" immunity, Mr. Meisel refused to testify on the basis I must apologize to my committee for the men refused to testify and were sen that his first, fourth, fifth, sixth, and the shortness of time remaining for them tenced by a judge for civil contempt until ninth amendment rights were being to review this rather lengthy document, such time as they were willing to talk. violated. He was cited for civil contempt but the enormity of the job of reconciling Civil contempt is presently punishable by and jailed. During the last 10 months the provisions of the recently reported up to 18 months in jail or the length of only one other person has been called to ways and means bill, H.R. 12481, t.o our the grand jury. testify before the grand jury and the proposals has precluded a more timely The men continually refused to testify apparent target of the investigation has publication. on the grounds that their first, fourth, already been indicted and pleaded guilty I hope that both the Members of my and fifth amendment rights were being to gun-running charges. committee as well as my colleagues in violated. They remained in jail for over Although these two cases represent the House will be able to examine this a year. only a small portion of the grand jury bill as well as the complementary provi Three basic abuses of the grand jury abuse that has taken place in the last sions of H.R. 12481. process were involved in this investlga- few years, they are still good examples February 14, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3089 of why Congressman ECKHARDT and I LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE Lithuanian people and their right to self· introduced H.R. 9008 and H.R. 9837. government. Congressman EILBERG has introduced, in addition to his proposed reform legisla HON. JOE MOAKLEY tion, a constitutional amendment which OF MASSACHUSETTS would abolish the use of the grand jury IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES CONGRESS SHOULD ACT NOW TO for returning criminal indictments. Thursday, February 14, 1974 HELP SMALL BUSINESS Whether this would be the proper path to follow is something that Congressman Mr. MOAKLEY. Mr. Speaker, Febru EILBERG's subcommittee will have to ary 16 marks the 56th anniversary of the HON. JACK F. KEMP decide. But in any case, it is quite clear Lithuanian Declaration of Independence. OF NEW YORK that the present Federal grand jury sys Lithuania has existed as a unified state IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tem is alien to the American ideals of for more than 700 years. However, it was Thursday> February 14, 1974 justice. Reform is desperately needed. not until 1918 that the 20-member na tional council declared Lithuania a free Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, small busi and independent state based on demo ness needs help from the Congress. And cratic principles. it is not as if we were giving small bus SHALL WE DROP STANDBY WAGE During World War II, Lithuania suf iness special preferential treatment. AND PRICE CONTROLS? fered the aggression of both Nazi Ger Quite to the contrary, we owe it to them many and the Soviet Union. Fearful of to remove some of the hardships and the German armies which had moved burdens which have been unwittingly into neighboring Poland, Lithuania placed upon them by laws and regula HON. ROBERT L. F. SIKES granted garrison privileges to the Soviet tions over the past years. OF FLORIDA Union in 1939. This precautionary meas Since I came to the Congress after the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ure proved to have dire consequences. In 1970 elections, I have been distressed that Thursday, February 14, 1974 August 1940, with troops already sta the plight of small business is often over Mr. SIKES. Mr. Speaker, in 1970 the tioned in Lithuania, the Supreme Soviet looked. This is not always the case, but Congress, having experienced serious of the U.S.S.R. formally incorporated it is too often the case. That is one rea misgivings about an inflationary trend Lithuania into the Soviet Union. In June son why I fought hard to be assigned to which obviously was threatening to get 1941, the Germany forces invaded Lith the Select Committee on Small Business out of hand, passed legislation estab uania and subjected it to Nazi rule until at the beginning of this Congress, and 1 lishing a standby wage and price con 1944 when the Soviets were successful in am most honored to now serve on it un trol system. The President stated that it expelling the German armies. But once der its distinguished and capable chair was not needed and implied that he under the Communist regime, Lithuania man, Mr. Evrns of Tennessee. It is also would not use it. Nevertheless within a was subjected to continuing foreign the ever-continuing reason why I fight matter of months, the President did use domination. hard to obtain meaningful reforms on the standby controls in the most eff ec Tremendous pressure has been applied behalf of small business. tive action yet taken to halt inflation. in order to coerce the Lithuanian people Small business is defined in varying That legislation will soon expire. It ap to abandon their culture, language, and ways, but, as a rule of thumb, they are pears that the President will propose religion. Although they have endured those small firms, corporations, and part that it not be extended. I feel that a numerous hardships, their spirit and nerships employing fewer than 50 people. decision to allow wage and price control their desire for independence remain It has been estimated that there are over legislation to die is, at best, misguided strong. Brave citizens formed the Lith 8 million small businesses in our Nation, and, at worst, an invitation to uncon uanian underground movement which nearly 18,000 of them in Erie and Niagara trolled inflation in the months ahead. battled the Soviets from 1944 to 1953. Counties in New York State. Even with controls, inflation has got During that struggle, more than 20,000 We refer to them as small businesses, ten out of hand. This requires comment. casualties were sustained. but taken as a whole, they constitute a When controls were first applied, it was Only 4 years ago we were reminded of major, integral part of our Nation's "across the board" and they worked. It the oppressive nature of Soviet rule when economy. was the change in policy under pressures Simon Kudira attempted to defect to the Small business constitutes 96 percent to apply controls selectively which pro United States from a Soviet fishing of all businesses in the Nation. They ac duced problems. No one likes controls. trawler. More recently, in 1972, a young count for 60 percent of the nonagricul The question is, who likes inflation more? Lithuanian, Roman Lalanta, took his tural work force, 37 percent of the gross Inflation is still a serious threat. I do not own life to protest the Soviet Union's national product, and 20 percent of busi believe the answer to inflation is to go continued denial of Lithuanian Inde ness taxes paid. back to where we were before controls pendence. Riots in Kaunas following his Despite this major role in our economy, were initiated. death remind the world of Lithuania's the plight of small business is deplorable. It does not take an economist to un continuing struggles for independence. It is being hit from almost every side. It derstand that America's economy is Also in 1972, a petition signed by 17,000 ls being caught in a credit crunch, by overheated. There is great purchasing Lithuanian Catholics was presented to overwhelming paperwork requirements, power in the marketplace. Without the the United Nations protesting religious by growing regulation, by devaluation possibility of controls, prices on many persecution under Soviet domination. and inflation, by supply shortages, by items will go as high as the traffic will The U.S. Congress, in 1966, passed a transportation difficulties, by antiquated bear. Witness mile-long lines of cars resolution requesting that the President tax laws, and by what can best be de waiting today to buy 60-cent-per-gallon bring the issue of Lithuanian Independ scribed as a reluctance to stick with it gasoline. It is conceivable that the real ence to the United Nations. One purpose because of all one is up against. or imagined necessities of life will be of this resolution was to remind all There are a number of reasons why all beyond the reach of a great many Amer Americans of the plight of the Lithua of this has come about. One of those is icans unless there are some means of nian people who are denied the right of the way in which Congress addresses the cprbing inti.a tion. self-government that we Americans so question of dealing with small business · There is no question but that the cheriih. problems. executive branch must have flexibility to Individual Congressmen have urged THE CASE FOR A STANDING COMMITTEE act against inflation in a manner ap Radio Free Europe to initiate broadcasts The standing committees of the Con propriate at a given moment. But, unless to the peoples of Estonia, Latvia, and gress have legislative jurisdiction-that control legislation is in force, the ad Lithuania. Neither this nor any other is, after they have held hearings and de ministration is hampered or helpless in effort should be overlooked in an effort cided what ought to be done, they can act the fight. to encourage the Lithuanian people in on specific pieces of legislation, report I believe the Congress should give au their effort to maintain their national them to the floor for consideration of the thority to control inflation to the Presi identity. entire body, and steer them through final dent; even 1f he does not want it. Hope On the 56th anniversary of Lithuania's passage. fully it will be used, if necessary, before Declaration of Independence, it is appro The Congress also has another type of it is too late. priate that we renew our support for the committee-the select committee, and 3090 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 14, 1974 there are several of these. The Select Committee on Ways and Means (Mr. WE SHOULD PROVIDE LOW-INTEREST LOANS FOR Committee on Small Business is, of MILLS) to give top priority before that SMALL BUSINESSES HIT BY ENERGY CRUNCH course, one of them. committee to certain important tax mat I have cosponsored legislation to Select committees can hold formal, ters pending before it. I specifically amend the Small Business Act to pro public hearings and decide what ought to asked him to consider several tax re vide low-interest loans to small busi be done, but that is, essentially, where form measures and report them to the nesses which have been hurt by the en they must stop. For, select committees floor, in order that the full Congress can ergy shortage. have no legislative jurisdiction-they express its will this session. The proposal, H.R. 12497, would allow cannot receive legislation, for none can The first measure is the proposed in SBA to make or refinance loans to com be referred to them by the Speaker. Thus, crease in the exemption for corporations panies which are "directly and seriously they can act upon no bills, nor report on the present surtax from $25,000 to affected" by the energy shortage. These any, nor see any through enactment, ex $100,000. This increase in the exemption loans will carry a lower interest rate than cept, of course, through coincidental as would simply bring the exemption level the prevailing rate charged by banking signments of their members on standing into line with inflationary increases and institutions to small businesses. For ex committees. devaluations since it was originally es ample, this fiscal year, the interest rate At present, small business is repre tablished, with a slight "edge" on the charged would be 6.125 percent. sented in the House by the Select Com future. Forecasts on the economic effects of mittee on Small Busl.ness and by a sub The second measure is the proposed the energy shortage range from bottle committee of the Committee on Banking Small Business Tax Simplification Act, necks in certain industries to a virtual, and Currency. And, a number of other which I cosponsored in March 1973. This full-blown recession in others. Certainly, committees act on bills which impact di bill would provide for an adjustment of the small businesses in western New York rectly upon the a1f airs of small business corporate normal tax and would be a are feeling the blunt of the energy crisis. and businessmen and women. modest, progressive reform, providing While we all hope that the economic This is fractured jurisdiction at its normal corporate tax rates for corpora dislocations can be minimized, it is al worst. It is a split in authority which is tions earning less than $500,000 per year. ready clear that small businesses and inherently divisive and not in the interest From earnings of $500,000 to $1 million their workers will share a heavy part of of small business or the taxpaying con per year, the base rate of 22 percent the burden. Hopefully, most businesses sumer. Such splits allow "buckpassing" would remain the same, but the effective will survive the energy crisis with only however unconsciously-between com rate of taxation would decrease due to temporary cutbacks and inconveniences, mittees, disheartening their staffs and the reduced percentage in the lower but we must move now, in the Congress, members, discouraging the small busi brackets. As corporate earnings rose to do all that we can to help those who ness community, and confusing the pub above $1 million per year, the normal are being hurt to overcome their crisis. lic. Some people attribute the current tax would incline slightly upward to a This legislation is intended to do just turmoil within the Small Business Ad maximum of 24 percent. that-to help. ministration itself to this failure of ade This latter bill would also provide for THE FEDERAL PAPERWORK BURDEN quate congressional oversight of its af special provisions to encourage establish RELIEF ACT fairs. ment of new small business enterprises, through an exemption of $25,000 oper As a result of correspondence and per Why, then, not abolish the select com sonal contact with many small business mittee and simply transfer all authority ating income for a 3-year period; for an increase from $25,000 to $50,000 in men in western New York, I have become to the subcommittee of the Banking and increasingly concerned with costly, rep Currency Committee? There are several the amount of allowable losses resulting from the purchase of small business etitious, and frequently unnecessary reasons why not, any one of which would Federal recordkeeping requirements. be sufficient to not make such a move, in stock; and for additional first-year de preciation allowance from $10,000 to They are particularly burdensome for my opinion. small businessmen and small profes First, it would reverse past congres $20,000. The third measure was the Bible sional partnerships who, because of their sional policy, downgrading the status of limited resources, make a proportion small business in the House. Evans legislation, among the provisions of which are the creation of joint Gov ately greater expenditure of time and It would strip small business of its money on Federal paperwork than large separate and distinct identity and lump ernment and small business advisory machinery for simplifying tax laws and corporations. its special problems with those of the In 1972, the cost of complying with corporate giants. tax forms; the making of subchapter S corporations more flexible and less dan these regulations to the small business It would disregard the significant im community was $18 billion to handle an pact of this sector in the Nation's gerous to use; and, the creation of ad ditional incentives for new small busi estimated 10 billion sheets of paper. Ob economy. viously, this adversely affects the ability It would waste the valuable experience, nesses. I also called upon the chairman to re of small businessmen to effectively com expertise, and talent of those peTSons in pete in the marketplace. the House, Members and staff, who have ject proposed changes in estate taxation which would result in the taxation of In an effort to remedy this situation, I dealt most closely with the special prob have joined several Members of the lems of small business. capital gains at death. Such proposals would strike in an inequitable fashion House in sponsoring legislation, H.R. And, it would ignore the less-than at the small businessman, most of whose 12183, directing the General Accounting satisfactory record of the Banking and Office to study the nature and extent of Currency Committee on this subject net worth is usually represented by a business built up over a lifetime, often Federal reporting requirements and re matter, for prior to the appointment of port its finding to Congress. Armed with its current subcommittee chairman, that as an integral part of a family endeavor. These requests should never be taken the recommendations of the GAO study, subcommittee had not met for 6 years to Congress can begin to cut away the red consider much needed SBA legislation, as a call for a special system of taxa tion that would benefit small business tape and begin the very necessary task and even today that subcommittee, after to consolidating and streamlining Fed 3 years under a much more able chair but be unfair to others. Rather, the tax treatments which would be afforded by eral information collection activities. man, still does not have a permanent I am pleased to report that this legis staff, majority or minority. the enactment of these three measures lation has already been endorsed by the A permanent, standing Committee on and the denial of the one-would simply National Federation of Independent Small Business, given authority under take into account the particular prob Businesses, the American Farm Bureau, the rules of the House to deal specifically, lems of small business in accumulating and the American Pharmaceutical Asso cohesively, and actively with the prob capital and to avail them of opportuni ciation. lems affecting those businesses is what ties which are presently available to My efforts will now be directed toward is needed. large businesses. That is all. prompt consideration of this proposal by SPECIFIC TAX REFORMS NEEDED I avail myself of this opportunity to the House and your thoughts and sug On September 20, I requested the dis call upon the chairman to consider these gestions, based on your experiences, tinguished and learned chairman of the measures. would be invaluable in this regard. February 14, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3091
A PERSONAL COMMITMENT centuries ago: "Your representative owes you tive but to work as hard as we can for not his industry only, but his judgment; and a peaceful world. Unfortunately, there Mr. Speaker, I wish to close my re he betrays, instead of serving you, if he sacri marks this afternoon on a personal note, fices it to your opinion." To the Galifornia can be no doubt that the expulsion of one of announcing a determined com congressman, "we don't need Congress, just Mr. Solzhenitsyn, who wanted to stay, mitment on my part to help small busi a. computer polling system," if representa and the detention of ballet dancer ness this year. tives are merely supposed to push voting but Valery Panov and other Soviet Jews, There is no doubt great concern-con tons corresponding to district majority senti who want to leave, will be a major set cern which I share-over the many is ment on every issue coming down the pike. back for the developing spirit of Beyond the broad plateau of responsible detente. sues facing our Nation, issues which must representation are the precipitous extremes be resolved. Some of these solutions will of constituents-be-damned voting and slav The Soviet Government by this latest be aided by the e:ff orts of the Congress. ish response to the fickle weathervane of action has seriously misjudged the in I am convinced that some-those like polled public opinion. fluence of world opinion and created new certain wage and price controls-would To chronic anti-Nixonites the issue is not difficulties for itself. Andrei Sakharov be best resolved by Congress staying out whether there is any hard evidence (distinct and other Soviet intellectuals have made of the picture, adopting a policy of non from the slings and arrows of outrageous a public demand that Alexander Solz interventionism, and letting the market prejudice and presumption of guilt) to im henitsyn be allowed to return to his peach, convict and thus remove the Presi system work. But, as we work to solve dent from office. Rather, it's: Let's get on homeland and to live without the fear of these many major problems, we cannot with it--don't let legal facts get in the way punishment or repression. I join in that lose sight of those major problems which of a dramatic executive hanging. demand, and call on the leaders of the are not the subject of press attention, With the Rodino committee evaluated by ·Soviet Union to rescind this terrible the White House nerve center, the early one congressman as "the most liberally action. evening television broadcasts. Such an oriented" in the House, it seems almost a issue is helping small business. foregone conclusion that that "liberality"' will translate into a resolution for impeach COMMUNIST CHINA CONTINUES TO I am committed to the goal of helping ment. However, views reflected by the House to gear up the Congress to meet ade in general indicate that a vote of the whole SPREAD REVOLUTION quately its responsibilities in this area. body will be based more on the legal weight I believe strongly that i,f we do not, we of a bill of particulars against the President not only hurt the economy even further, than on pro- or anti-Nixon prejudice. HON. PHILIP M. CRANE but we invite the scorn of those who know When the time for a crucial dedsion OF ILLINOIS that we could have acted and did not. comes, congressmen will be more apt to rea IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lize they are voting for history-not to mir ror transitory popular sentiments. Thursday, February 14, 1974 Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, as a result THE WISDOM OF CONGRESSMAN of the detente rhetoric which has oc CHARLES E. WIGGINS cupied so much of our attention, as well EXPULSION OF SOLZHENITSYN as Secretary of State Kissinger's trips to Peking, many Americans have lost sight HON. DAVID C. TREEN HON. BELLA S. ABZUG of the fa.ct that Communist China is OF LOUISIANA proceeding with its international plans OF NEW YORK of subversion . • IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Despite the soft words which it aims Thursday, February 14, 1974 Thursday, February 14, 1974 at the West to serve its own purposes, its Mr. TREEN. Mr. Speaker, my dis Ms. ABZUG. Mr. Speaker, the forcible actions indicate that there has been no tinguished colleague, Congressman deportation of writer Alexander I. Solz change in its long-term goal of world CHARLES E. WIGGINS, who so ably repre henitsyn from the Soviet Union is a revolution. sents California's 25th Congressional shocking act that should be condemned In Burma, for example, Communist District, recently spoke out on the issue by all people who value freedom and the China is supporting rebel forces and of impeachment and popularity polls. rights of the individual. these rebels have won control of nearly While Mr. WIGGINS recognizes that Con Mr. Solzhenitsyn is now a man with one- third of the country. gress should not be oblivious to public out a country, but he remains a man of Writing in the Washington Star-News sentiment, he also recognizes that its conscience and courage. By arresting of December 17, 1973, Richard H. Boyce judgment must be based on something him and expelling him from the land notes that the fighting has intensified more than a popularity contest. To act which he has said he would never leave during the past year "when Peking otherwise would be a grievous injustice voluntarily, the Soviet Government is actively began supporting the Burmese to our Constitution and to the confidence admitting that it cannot tolerate the Communist Party and supplying it with that is bestowed upon public officials presence of even one vocal critic within arms and ammunition." through the electoral process. its borders. Mr. Boyce reports that: The wisdom of Congressman WIGGINS Alexander I. Solzhenitsyn is a great China also trains Burmese Communist was recognized and commended by the writer who has been forced to smuggle Party guerrillas and lets them use a sanctu New Orleans Times-Picayune by an edi his books abroad for publication because ary in China's Yunnan Province, which torial appearing in the January 21, 1974, borders on Burma. only one of his works has been allowed The areas held by the Communist forces edition. I take this opportunity to share to be published legally within his own contain about three million of Burma's 30 that editorial with my colleagues: country. It is not neces.sary to agree with million people. The guerrillas operate a WISDOM OF WIGGINS all of Mr. Solzhenitsyn's views or his clandestine radio Voice of the People of California Congressman Charles E. Wig charges against the Soviet Government Burma. Broadcasts talk of organizing a sep gins, a Republican member of the House to affirm his right to think, speak, and arate "independent" Burma government. Judiciary Committee mulling the question write as he pleases or his right to live of impeaching President Nixon, has drama The world press has paid little atten tized an important issue of representative in his native land. I can understand that tion to the subversive activities being government in this day of popularity polls his defense of General Vlasov who sponsored by the Peking Government in and contests. collaborated with the Nazis enraged the Burma. It is high time that we under His attitude is in stark contrast to com Soviet Union, but by throwing him out, stood the fact that the aggressive goals mittee chairman Congressman Peter W. Ro the government has once again proved of the Communist Chinese remain un dino Jr., who personally supported the con his basic charge that dissent or criticism changed and that detente seems, in firmation of Vice President Gerald Ford in of any kind is repressed by the authori reality, to be a one-way street in which committee hearings but pleaded "responsive ties. ness" to his black New Jersey constituents concessions are made by the West but when he cast his vote against the man. That I have been a longtime advocate of in which the Communists proceed with seems a classic example of the politician who peaceful relations and cooperation with their own revolutionary program. talks out o! both sides of his mouth. the Soviet Union and other Socialist na It is also interesting to note that the Rep. Wiggins cites the precedent of British tions, and will continue to maintain that Burmese Government, which is now Statesman Edmund Burke, who said two in this nuclear age we have no alterna- w1der attack from Peking, was the first 3092 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 14, 1974 non-Communist government to recog nese giant, and Ne Win does not wish to pro to repeal the so-called Connally Hot Oil nize the Communist Chinese when Mao voke Peking. Act, to end federally sanctioned State Peking is thought to be motivated by its Tse-tung took power in 1949. In addi almost paranoid fear of the Soviet Union. It production controls, which the President tion, the current regime, under Ne Win, fears that Moscow, which has established himself confirmed as "interfering with is a Socialist one. close ties with India, another state on China's the domestic market system" by holding Mr. Boyce reports that: border, also might seek to dominate Burma.. down supply and keeping costs up. The current situation is of particular Only five months ago the Russians helped Although I proposed these actions be concern to the United States and other big Afghanistan's army topple King Mohammed taken almost 4 years ago, the adminis oil users because Burma has considerable oil Zahir Shah in a military coup, bringing an tration did not suspend the oil import reserves. other neighbor of China into the Soviet orbit and further increasing China's concern. quota system until only a few months I wish to share with my colleagues the ago, and the Connally Hot Oil Act is article by Richard H. Boyce from the still in effect. Recently, to combat the Washington Star-News, and insert it THE ENERGY CRISIS latest wave of heating oil increases, I mto the RECORD at this time: have called for an investigation by the CHINA AIDING GUERRU..LAS IN NEIGHBORING Federal Trade Commission into the alle BURMA HON. LESTER L. WOLFF gations that the major oil companies (By Richard H. Boyce) OF NEW YORK are attempting to squeeze out the inde Communist China is backing rebel forces IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES pendents who, thus far, have provided in neighboring Burma and the rebels have Thursday, February 14, 1974 the only real competition in the market, won control of nearly a third of the country, thereby helping to keep prices down. I Western diplomats just returned from Ran Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, the current have also asked energy "czar" William goon have disclosed. energy shortage has affected the life of Simon to investigate the two-tier pricing The diplomats reported recent fighting be every American. For most, it has meant system on heating oil. tween the Communists and the Burmese significant alterations in lifestyle, · in There is grave concern among many regular army resulted in heavy casualties. tolerably long lines at gasoline stations, Americans, as well as Members of Con As in South Vietnam, where Communists reductions in supply and increased costs have sought for years to take control, the gress, that the major oil companies may Burmese Communist Party has been fighting in home heating oil, inconveniences at have conspired to create the present sporadically against the government since airports, train stations and bus termi shortage. It is my own feeling that for 1948. nals, shortages of food because of the too long the oil industry has taken ad But the fighting intensified over the past truckers' strike and generally higher vantage of very lucrative tax loopholes, year, the diplomats said, when Peking ac prices for a large number of commodi at the consumer's expense, and has been tively began supporting the BCP and supply ties, not only fuel. For some Americans, generally unwilling to cooperate with ing it with arms and ammunition. however, the effects of the energy crisis China also trains BCP guerrillas and lets either Government or the public in see them use a sanctuary in China's Yunnan have been even more critical; it has ing that our energy needs are met at Province, which borders on Burma. meant jobs lost, businesses shut down, a reasonable price. The Associated Press reported from Ran and the most severe economic havoc. It Over 4 years ago, I introduced legis goon yesterday that Rebels occupied two is without question a very grave situation lation to suspend the oil depletion allow towns near the Chinese border for five weeks, which will onJ...y be resolved through the ance in light of drastically increased fuel but government troops ran them out, accord cooperation of Government, industry, costs for the consumer and inordinately ing to m111tary authorities. and the public alike. I would like to take high profits for the oil industry, which Government troops with air support on this opportunity to outline some of my Dec. 7 recaptured the towns of Mong Yang are now a matter of record. I also intro and Mong Mah, taken by 4,000 rebels last efforts to combat the energy crisis and duced legislation to prohibit the percent month, the military said. Officers showed the steps I have taken to insure that it age depletion allowance in the case of newsmen places where the rebels lived during is not the average American alone who mines, wells, and other natural deposits the occupation. The quarters contained Chi ends up bearing the brunt of our energy located in foreign territory. nese writing allegedly left behind by the ills. Recently, I received reports that the insurgents. One of my major concerns regarding industry has been exporting oil products The situation is of particular concern to the energy crisis is the drastically in and then reimporting the same product the United States and other big oil users because Burma has considerable oil reserves. creased costs it has forced consumers in order to take advantage of favorable After refusing to develop the reserves, or let to pay for fuel and petroleum-related import regulations. Such a practice has outsiders do so, Burma now has begun nego products. One of the most critical areas led to the consumer paying close to tiations with a syndicate of U.S. and other is that of home heating oil, where costs double the cost for certain petroleum oil firms, and drilling ls expected to begin have not only soared but where there is products, and I have asked the General early next year. blatant discrepancy in the prices being Accounting o:m.ce, the investigative arm The areas held by the Communist forces charged. Although this situation has of Congress, to investigate these rumors. contain about three million of Burma's 30 reached critical proportions in the last The preliminary findings I have received million people. The guerr1llas operate a clan destine radio called Voice of the People of few months, it is by no means a new from the GAO indicate that oil exports Burma. Broadcasts talk of organizing a sepa phenomenon. have risen significantly, while domestic rate "independent" Burma government. Over the years, I have led the fight production is down. To combat the de Despite the little-publicized war, China against oil company profiteering. Back pletion of domestic resources, I have thus and Burma continue to have diplomatic rela in 1968, I launched an intensive investi sponsored legislation to prohibit the ex tions, and China even gives Burma some eco gation into the procedures by which portation of fuel oil, gas, propane, petro nomic a.id. The two nations have a treaty home heating oil prices were established chemicals, and coal during the current guaranteeing each other's borders. along the east coast. I requested the Anti shortage. This is similar to legislation I Burma was the first non-Communist gov ernment to recognize the People's Republic trust Division of the Justice Depart first introduced in 1971, when we also of China when Mao Tse-tung took power in ment to investigate increased costs to experienced a rapid rise in fuel prices. Peking in 1949. The present Burmese regime consumers and the so-called two-tier The record high profits enjoyed by the under former army colonel Ne Win, who took price system, and I held a series of hear industry during this past year seem to power in a military coup in 1962, is a ings on the matter in New York. As a many, including myself, unconscionable Socialist. result of these inquiries, I proposed a in light of high costs and inadequate Ne Win forced the country into general na package of legislation designed to lower supplies. I vigorously supported, and will tionalization and depression followed, bring prices and stabilize the heating oil pic continue to urge, a tax on windfall prof in g the once prosperous nation to the brink ture. This included a measure to elimi its; I have also introduced legislation to of ruin. nate the oil import quota system, which roll back oil prices. Last year's rice crop, Burma's biggest earner at that time was estimated to cost U.S. To insure industry cooperation with of foreign exchange, was a disaster. Now the the Government, I have sponsored legis war has driven some 15,000 refugees into the consumers $5 billion annually. I urged capit al- where they a.re a severe drain on the approval of the recommendations made lation to establish a National Energy In government. by the President's Cabinet Task Force formation System, to require the indus Yet Ne Win has neither asked for outside on Oil Import Control which called the try to furnish information to the Federal help nor tried to publicize China's sedition. quota system "unnecessary to national Energy Office and to allow GAO auditing His small count ry is no match for the Chi- security." I also introduced legislation of this data. I have also called for the February 14, 1974 · EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3093 creation of a special committee in the ments, which have grown more massive scheduled February 20 and 21, and March House to investigate the industry and the during the shortage. 7 and 12. I encourage all interested Mem role which they may play in contribut When I first came to Congress back in bers of the House to testify and give us ing to shortages. Finally, I am looking 1965, I predicted that the United States the benefit of your views on the following into the possibility of nationalizing the would experience a shortage as we now questions, among others: oil industry; while I realize this is a have unless we began to develop a long First. How can the role of Congress be· major step, I feel that the critical dimen range, national energy plan. I advocated more fully and accurately covered in the sions of the shortage we are now experi the development of alternate energy news media? encing warrant such a consideration. sources, like solar energy, shale, coal con Second. How can spokesmen for Con One of the most annoying aspects of version, and the like, and called for the gress gain direct access more readily to the shortage, especially for New Yorkers, creation of a special committee to in the broadcast media to present congres has been the intolerably long lines at vestigate all aspects of our energy re sional viewpoints on issues? gasoline stations. I know this from per sources. I have again introduced legisla Third. What additional facilities, staff. sonal experience having spent hours on tion designed to increase production of and other supporting services, if any, are end on line to get gas for my own car. coal as an energy source and to develop required to provide Congres with more My feeling is that the New York area, solar energy, and have called for the cre adequate institutional capability in the particularly Nassau and Queens, was ation of a U.S. Council on Energy Pol area of mass communications? seriously slighted during the formula icy-these with a view toward making Those wishing additional information tion of the Government's mandatory al this Nation more ''energy self-sufficient." about the hearings may call the joint location plan. I have called upon Mr. As a ranking member of the House For committee staff extension 58267. Simon to reconsider the allocation for eign Affairs Subcommittee on Foreign New York, to allocate more especially Economic Policy, as well as the Subcom for those critically low areas where gas mittee on the Middle East, I have at DO NOT DISARM CITIZENS lines have stretched for miles. I have also tempted to give direction to the work of called upon local officials to take an ac the committees to counter the machina HON. JOHN D. DINGELL tion which is solely within their purview, tions of the very powerful Organization OP MICHIGAN that of petitioning the Governor to de of Petroleum Exporting Countries- clare Long Island a "disaster area" for OPEC-the oil-producing- nations, and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES purposes of qualifying for emergency al the oil industry itself, in order to protect Thursday, February 14, 1974 locations under the Emergency Petro and further American interests. I have Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, pursuant leum Allocation Act. In addition, just actively encouraged the formation of an to permission granted, I insert in the recently I conducted ad hoc hearings in organization of oil-producing nations to CONGRESSIONAL RECORD an excellent ar New York with Members of Congress, counterbalance OPEC, and it now ap ticle by Mr. G. S. Knight, a practicing local officials, representatives from the pears that such a coalition is in the attorney, which appeared in the Ameri industry, and the public to highlight h9W offing. can Bar Association Journal entitled we can combat the fuel shortages and I will continue to do everything in my "Don't Disarm the Citizens." high prices in New York. power to combat the energy shortage, to Hopefully, this excellent commentary I think it is also important that we see that the people in my district receive will help lay to rest some of the out provide incentives for people to conserve a fair distribution of supplies, and to try rageous comments now appearing in the energy, that we insure the consumer is to prevent such a crisis from occurring press calling for elimination of one of not bearing all of the burden with the in the future. our precious constitutional rights. Government's help. To cut down on the I believe it is important that the people use of automobiles and encourage the know that their Representatives are DON'T DISARM THE CITIZENS use of more economical forms of trans working to find solutions to what are our (By Georges. Knight) portation, I have introduced legislation As a lawyer in private practice, I should common problems. like to relate my personal reactions to thosi3 to allow commuters a tax deduction for of Richard L. Thornburgh, United States the expense of traveling to and from attorney for the Western District of Penn work using mass transit facilities. I have sylvania, in his comments published in this also called for a freeze on transit fares CONGRESS AND THE MEDIA space in April (page 404). The tenor of Mr. during the current shortage. In addi Thornburgh's comments is that the police tion, I have sponsored legislation to pro should be supported by rigid handgun vide tax breaks for those who improve HON. JACK BROOKS controls. their home heating through the pur First, Mr. Thornburgh does not give sum OF TEXAS cient facts- in the three cases cited at the chase and installation of insulative mate IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES beginning of his comment to idontlfy exactly rial. Back in 1971, I introduced a meas what happened. If I am correct, the third ure to establish an Office of Utility Con Thursday, February 14, 1974 case of the Norfolk, Virginia, woman shoot sumers' Council to represent consumers Mr. BROOKS. Mr. Speaker, the Joint ing "an officer mistakenly raiding her home" before Federal and State agencies with Committee on Congressional Operations was similar to the two cases reported in Col matters pertaining to electric, gas, and will open public hearings February 20 linsville, Illinois, where two families were telephone utilities. I think that now is an on methods that Congress might employ raided by armed federal narcotics agents appropriate time to continue to push for dressed as hippies and with no warrants. In to improve its capability for communi both cases, as reported in newspaper ac the creation of such an Office. cating with the American people through counts, "their doors were kicked in, their Traditionally, one of the mainstays of the mass media. homes damaged, their arms shackled. And Long Island's economy has been the sta For many years I have been concerned the screaming bearded me.::i told some they bility and growth of our small business that the branch of our Federal Gov were to die. . . • When they realized their community. The energy crisis has se ernment closest to the people is often error, the men disappeared with no apolo verely threatened to cripple this dy least understood by the people. I have gies." Mr. Thornburgh refers to the Norfolk namic force. I have requested William seen the executive branch during the case as "typical." If it is typical (as well as to the two "mistaken" raids in Collinsville) , Simon investigate the Government's tenure of Republican and Democratic then heaven help the average citizen, for he propane allocation program as it affects Presidents alike develop a highly eff ec will need all the supernatural help he can small businesses on Long Island, as pro tive-and expensive-capacity to com get. Newsweek of May 14, page 45, reported pane is one of the major sources of en municate its views directly and often that a local Illinois attorney stated, "The ergy for small business and supplies of it massively in a manner that is denied to thousand-year Reich they've read about. But are critically short. In addition, I have the Congress. In short, there is today a they don't expect it here. No sir, not in sponsored legislation to provide low-cost Madison County." serious imbalance between the two con Mr. Thornburgh is almost casual when he loans to those small businesses adversely stitutionally coequal branches in their says handguns are "easily Mquired [and] affected by the energy shortage, and a relative abilities to reach the people on subject to little regulation or control." It measure requiring an investigation into the crucial issues of the day. has been estimated that there are more than the paperwork burden placed upon small This is the broad issue that the joint twenty thousand laws on the books today business by Federal reporting require- committee will examine in its hearings, affecting guns in general. Specifically, the 3094 EXTENSIONS OF-REMARKS February 14, 1974 1968 Gun Control Act prohibited the inter arms sales by dealers to persons under vot cussions about the energy emergency, state sale of handguns, by mail or any other ing age, (2) require adequate adult super those who are physically handicapped, means, by individual owners, except through vision for use of firearms by juveniles, (3) those who must travel exceptional dis federally licensed dealers. The same law pro control the importation of all firearms and hibits convicted felons and mental incom their component parts, (4) control all ma tances in their employment, and other petents from possessing handguns. chine guns and destructive devices, (5) re individuals with unusual hardships must With respect to the mandatory registra quire licensing of manufacturers, importers, and should, in all justice and fairness, be tion of handguns being a panacea for crime, dealers and pawnbrokers and their keeping of granted special consideration in the ra th~ California Peace Officers Association in records, (6) require, under reasonable and tioning of gasoline, if and when such a 1969 said, "We have been unable to discover specific conditions, a license for the carry system is ordered into effect by the any evidence which would indicate that ing of a handgun concealed on the person." President. there is any direct relationship between the Let us examine some before-and-after fig registra tior.. of firearms or the licensing of ures on the crime rate in those jurisdictions The State senate in the Massachu gun owners and the reduction in crime com that have the most rigid gun controls. Ha.wail setts Legislature has recognized the mitted by the use of firearms." requires the registration of all firearms, in special consideration that should be ex Mr. Thornburgh feels that persons who cluding handguns. Notwithstanding, there tended toward the handicapped and all demonstrate a need for handguns for per was a 50 percent increase in homicides in other hardship situations created by the sonal protection and hunters should not be 1971 over 1970. In New York state, which has energy shortage and I am pleased to in deprived of them. Once the authority to the rigid Sullivan antigun laws, there was clude, at this point, the pertinent resolu issue gun permits or licenses is given to a 26 per cent increase in b,omicides in the tion that was adopted by the Massachu bureaucrats, the individual runs into delays, 1970-71 period. In Chicago, according to an the likelihood of ever-increasing fees that article in Chicago Today of April 4, 1973, in setts State Senate on January 29, 1974: can make it impractical to own even a few 1965, when there was no gun registration RESOLUTION MEMORIALIZING THE FEDERAL guns, red tape, and other arbitrary abuses. In law, there were 393 murders. In 1971, after GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES TO this crime-ridden country why should Mr. every person in Chicago was required by law CONSIDER THE SPECIAL NEEDS OF THE PHYS Average Citizen have to demonstrate a need to register his :firearms, there were 824 mur ICALLY HANDICAPPED IN FORMULATING ANY to have a handgun for protection of life ders. Where there are less rigid gun restric GASOLINE RATIONING PLAN and family? tions-South Dakota, Oregon, Idaho, Ari Whereas, This country is faced with an Several informants told the New York com zona, and Utah-sharp decreases in homi energy crisis which may necessitate the ra mission to investigate allegations of police cides occurred in 1970-71. tioning of gasoline; and corruption (the Knapp Commission) last Mr. Thornburgh uses the old argument Whereas, The federal government is now year that $100 was the going rate for a pistol that we should have rigid gun controls be developing contingency plans for said ration permit in New York City-that is, for $100 cause "the rate of homicides with guns in ing; and the need to have a permit could be establish the United States is thirty-five times higher Whereas, The physically handicapped can ed. Although automobiles are by far a greater than the rate in relatively gun-free Eng not, in most cases, use alternative methods killer, how many of them would be on the land." But examine this statement through of transportation, such as public transporta road if operators had to show a "need" to get the findings of Chief Inspector Colin Green tion; and a license to drive? Judging by what has hap wood who, through a grant from Cambridge Whereas, Many physically handicapped pened in New York City, where only about University, has researched the subject and people must use their automobiles to get to two thousand of the eight million private in 1972 published Firearms Control. work, shopping, etc.; and residents have been issued gun permits (the Inspector Greenwood said in a speech on Whereas, The automobile is not just a con only other gun permits are for sixteen thou March 31 of this year that before 1920 any venience but a. necessity for the physically sand private security guards), there would body in England could get a gun without handicapped; now_ therefore, be it be a great reduction in the number of auto difficulty and that the crime rate was low Resolved, That the Massachusetts Senate mobile drivers and automobiles. and remained low until 1957 in spite of the hereby respectfully and urgently memorialize Mr. Thornburgh quotes Mayor Daley's enactment of rigid gun control laws. "But the United States Government to consider statement that "The only purpose of a hand the picture began to change after 1957, and the special needs of the physically handi gun in unauthorized hands is to kill." Ob the use of guns in robbery began to rise capped in formulating any gasoline rationing viously a person with a criminal propensity fairly rapidly. In 1971 in London, there were plan; and be it further will use a gun or any other weapon to com 310 cases of robbery in which a gun was Resolved, That copies of these resolutions mit a crime. Police Chief Edward M. Davis of used. Now, if you want to compare that with be transmitted forthwith by the Clerk of the Los Angeles has expressed his opposition to Washington or New York, that is nothing. Senate to the President of the United States, more gun laws. The police commissioner of ... But compare London in 197'1 with Lon to the Director of the Federal Energy Office, Buffalo, New York, Frank N. Felicetta, in 1972 don in 1954. You have a change from a city William E. Simon, to the presiding officer of said: "In the long run, there must be a sensi where robberies involving guns occurred each branch of Congress and to each member ble system which will protect citizens' rights once a quarter, to a city where it's now a thereof from the Commonwealth. and still curb the illegal use of firearms, but daily occurrence . . . and the real problem no one has come up with it yet." isn't just the availability of guns. The real With respect to the results of the Gallup problem is the increased willingness to use FLAME OF TRUTH AWARD poll favoring stricter gun controls, I would criminal violence of all types, whether it cite polls conducted by the National En be guns or knives or axes." quirer, the Forum Foundation, and the Akron Mr. Thornburgh refers to the bumper HON. MATTHEW J. RINALDO Beacon Journal that reached completely op sticker slogan, "Support Your Local Police," OF NEW JERSEY posite conclusions. In 1971 the National and he feels it should be put into meaning IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Sheriffs Association, with twenty-two thou ful action by enactment of severe handgun sand members in every level of law enforce controls. I recently saw a bumper sticker Thursday, February 14, 1974 ment, took a position against arbitrarily de reading "Support Your Local Criminal Mr. RINALDO. Mr. Speaker, as we all priving "law-abiding citizens of their right Register/Conflscate All Guns." recognize, one of the most important to bear and/or own firearms," and urged It ls abundantly clear that there is a good mandatory sentences in addition to any other sound basis for this bumper sticker. The areas of concern today in our country sentence imposed, for the use of firearms or words contain more truth than poetry and indeed, in the world-is education. There other weapons in connection with the com reflect the fear of confiscation of all guns is an organization which has seen this mission of a crime. privately owned, which would amount to need and set out successfully to do some Mr. Thornburgh states that when "some disarming all citizens. thing about it. politicians ... call for the abolition and The organization is called the Fund for confiscation of all firearms . . . the National Rifle Association ... responded with equal Higher Education. Although it was orga rigidity, stating that no firearms should be THE PHYSICALLY HANDICAPPED nized just 3 years ago, it already has subject to increased controls." The N.R.A. AND OTHER INDIVIDUAL HARD made its mark with major accomplish takes the bedrock stand that the guarantees SHIP SITUATIONS DESERVE SPE ments in educational institutions both of the Second Amendment to the Constitu CIAL CONSIDERATION in the United States and in Israel. tion shall not be infringed. This does not The Fund for Higher Education has re mean that the association is intractable. In cently honored a distinguished citizen June of 1972 the N.R.A. executive vice presi who resides in my congresional district, dent. Maxwell E. Rich, appeared before the HON. HAROLD D. DONOHUE OF MASSACHUSETTS heads a major corporation, and as a re Democratic Party's platform committee and sult of the honor bestowed uPon him, has emphasized "let us put the burden where it IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES raised a significant sum for a distin belongs--on the lawless instead of licensing Thursday, February 14, 1974 the law abiding." guished educational institution. He stated that the "N.R.A. supports laws Mr. DONOHUE. Mr. Speaker, as I have The man who was honored is David existing or proposed that (1) prohibit fire- repeatedly stated here during other dis- M. Tracy, president of Fieldcrest. He was February 14, 1914 :BXTENSIONS OF'REMARKS 3095 1 Deseret News poll conducted by Dan Jones presented with the Flame of Truth Associates, of Logan. Award for his many years of devoted Lithuania, land of heroes, Of the 600 persons interviewed by tele service to higher education and particu Thou our Fatherland that art, phone in the survey, 74.8 said they feel the larly to Stonehill College in North Eas From the glorious deeds of ages shortage is "contrived," while 20.2 percent ton, Mass., where he is a member of the Shall Thy children take heart. believe it is "real'', and 5 percent "don't board of directors. 2 know." Leaders in all walks of life came forth May Thy children ever follow The blame was pinned on the petroleum to honor Mr. Tracy at a banquet in the Their heroic fathers companies by 44.8 percent with 17 percent In devotion to their country placing responsibility on politics (Water Waldorf Astoria Hotel in New York City. gate) , and 15 percent on government con Persons associated with this cause are And good will to others. 3 trols. all outstanding people devoted to the "Public misuse" was singled out as the cause of education, a cause important to May the sun of our loved shore cause by 7.7 percent, "underdeveloped r~ everyone in the United States and around Shine upon us evermore; sources" by 6 percent, "Arab-Israeli war" by May the right and the truth 4 percerut "other" factors by 3.3 percent, and the world. I urge a special vote of thanks Keep our pathway lighted. to this dedicated group of individuals for 2.2 percent answered they "didn't know." their devotion to the cause they so vigor 4 Interviewers asked two questions: "Do you May the love of our dear land believe that the current fuel shortage is real ously support. Make us strong of heart and hand, or created?" and "The current fuel short May our land ever stand age is caused by whom?" Peaceful and united. The tendency to believe the shortage is contrived was overwhelming in almost every LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY For those 3 million Lithuanians strug strata of Utah society. The people of South gling under the yoke of communism, all eastern Utah where most oil activity is con Americans echo the words, "May the centrated were more prone to feel that the HON. GLENN M. ANDERSON right and the truth keep om pathway shortage ls real. OF CALIFORNIA lighted." In that area 28.3 percent felt the short age is real, while 71.7 believe it was created. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES People in Cache and Box Elder counties Thursday, February 14, 1974 voiced similar opinions. UTAH POLL ON ENERGY CRISIS The greatest skepticis!ll was found in Mr. ANDERSON of california. Mr. Weber, Davis and Salt Lake counties where Speaker, again this year I join my col less than 17 percent believe the shortage is leagues and freedom-loving people HON. WAYNE OWENS genuine. In Salt Lake almost 80 percent feel throughout the world in commemorating OF UTAH it's a hoax. the 56th anniversary of the independence IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Peculiarly, there is a rather sharp division of the Republic of Lithuania. Yet, Febru of opinion along religious lines of Catholics ary 16 remains a bittersweet celebration Thursday, February 14, 19f4 / interviewed, 40.5 percent believe the short for nearly 23,000 Americans of Lith Mr. OWENS. Mr. Speaker, we are con age is real, while 57.1 percent a.re suspicious. uanian descent in the State of California. stantly bombarded with public opinion REAL OR CREATED? The Lithuanians are a courageous and polls asking questions on a variety of is proud people whose history extends over sues. Sometimes we tend to overlook their Don't a thousand years. Unfortunately, much significance. Two polls rele.ased this past Real Created know of that was under foreign domination; week, deserve careful consideration. The a subjugation which kindled a spirit for latest Harris survey published on Feb 20.2 74. 8 5. 0 freedom. Finally, on February 16, 1918, ruary 12 shows that Congress popularity Total ------.; Area: Lithuania became a sovereign nation. is at an alltime low. Cache, Box Elder ______.; 28.0 70.0 2.0 For nearly a quarter of a century, this Only 21 percent of those polled feel SaltWeber, Lake Davis ______------16. 8 72.3 10. 9 tiny Baltic State grew and prospered that Congress is doing a good to excellent 16. 7 79.3 4.1 Utah (Provo>------24. 4 72.2 3.3 until she was betrayed by her Com job in handling the a:ff.airs of the Nation. Southeast ------28.3 71. 7 0 munist neighbor dming World War II. Southwest.. ____ ------__ ---- 20.0 71.7 8.3 On such issues as the economy, con Age: on June 15, 1940; the Soviet Union fidence in Government, and control of 18 to 29 ______.; 21.8 74. 9 3.3 reneged on its own peace treaty and ·inflation we received from 6- to 11-per- 30 to 40 ______22. 4 74.1 3.4 41to50 ______20. 5 73. 2 6.3 engulfed Lithuania into its vast empire. cent approval. I think these are rather 51 to 60 ______16. 7 76. 7 6. 7 This earlier pledge stated: significant and distmbing statistics. Over 60 15. 5 76.1 8.5 Party: ------·-- The Soviet Union recognized the sover On February 9 the Deseret News, a Democrat..-----______•• .: 19. 2 76. 7 4.1 eignty and independence of the Lithuanian newspaper in S.alt Lake City, published Republican ------21.2 72.5 6.2 State with all the juridical rights associated a Utah poll on the energy situation which American Independent 1 ______25. 0 75. 0 0 with such a declaration, and forever re Independent______21.9 73.4 4. 7 I think deserves the attention of Con Other ____ ----- _------0 91.7 8.3 nounces, in good faith, all Russian sovereign gress. Almost three-fourths of the people Income: rights which it previously had in regards Under $5,000 ______.; 20.3 71. 0 8. 7 to the Lithuanian Nation and its Territory. believe that the fuel shortage is con $5,000 to $10,000 ______17. 8 78. 5 3. 7 trived. Although the blame for the $10,000 to $20,000 ______21. 2 73.5 5.3 It is a credit to our Government that Over $20,000 ______27. 3 69.1 3.6 energy crisis is divided among several Sex: the United States has not, and will not, groups, I think we should realize that the Male ______-----______24. 5 71. 4 4.1 recognize this subjugation by the Soviet lack of information on the severity and Female ______------16. 0 78.1 5.9 Union. extent of the cw-rent energy crisis has Thousands of brave Lithuanians are provided the general public with no reli 1 Indicates only direction of opinion, too small to be significant risking and sacrificing their lives re able statistics with which to maim their The respective percentages among Mor sisting this foreign suppression. The de own conclusion on the nature of this mons and Protestants are a.round 28 and 77 sire for freedom is indeed embedded in c1isis. It is time to acquire the facts. percent. the hearts of these gallant people. Only through a close examination and Republicans show only slightly more tend Mr. Speaker, I am proud of the great compilation of all information pertain ency than Democrats to believe that the e:ff orts being made by these people de ing to this crisis will we be able to deter shortage is real. siring to achieve their natural right of mine the real significance of the situation As to assessment of blame, the geographic self-determination, and I applaud the and gain the respect and confidence of factor comes into play again. The oil field contribution of the Lithuanian Ameri the public which desperately needs to be area. of the southeast places less blame on the can Council in Los Angeles and through restored. I submit a copy of the Deseret oil industry and more on government con out the United States. News poll for your information: trols and misuses than do other sectors. It is a tragic irony that the only Lith [From the Deseret News, Feb. 9, 1974] Salt Lake County displays the least con uanians not allowed to celebrate this FUEL CRISIS IS PHONY, UTAHANS fidence in the industry's veracity with 52.6 Lithuanian Independence Day are those Almost three-fourths of the people of percent placing the blame. in Lithuania itself. Utah believe the fuel shortage is phony. When broken down into age groups, a pe On February 16, voices will be raised They place most of the ble,me on the oil culiar pattern develops in the survey. Of throughout the world recalling the words companies, politics and government controls. those 51 to 60 years old, 52.2 percent blame of the Lithuanian national anthem: These are the central conclusions of a the oil industry for the shortage, while among 3096 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 14, 19 74 tho~e over 60 the percentage is only 40 under $5,000 show less tendency to blame the embargo, few of those interviewed placed percent. oU industry than do middle-income groups, blame on the Arab-Israeli war as a major American Party adherents split the blame agreeing on this point more closely with the exactly down the middle between the oil ca.use of the fuel shortage. companies and politics. affluent (those earning over $20,000). The percentages ranged from nothing to Not surprisingly, the lowest percentage of The "poor" understandably attribute more 11.1, the latter expressed by persons with blame attributed to politics (8.8 percent) of the blame to public misuse of fuel than do higher than a bachelor degree education. emanates from Republicans whose party ts other income groups. They are, of course, less The war was also singled out as a. significant currently in administrative control of the likely to own gas hog cars, motor homes, factor by residents of Utah County (Provo federal government. boats, trailers, snowmobiles, etc. area) where 10 percent felt it was a cause of Mildly surprising is that persons earning Despite the much-publicized Arab oll the shortage.
WHO CAUSED SHORTAGE?
Oil Underdeveloped Government Arab-Israeli Politics Public companies resources controls war (Watergate) misuse Other Don't know
Tota'------44.8 6.0 15. 0 4.0 17.0 7. 7 3. 3 2.2 Area: Cache, Box Elder______44.0 6. 0 8.0 6.0 18. 0 14.0 4.0 0 Weber Davis ____ ------_------______45. 5 3. 0 6.0 2.0 23. 8 5.0 6.9 6.9 Salt Lake ______-----_------51.6 6. 9 14.6 2.0 14. 6 5. 3 3.3 1.6 Utah (Provo) ______------___ _ 37. 8 7. 8 2Ll 10.0 13. 3 8. 9 1.1 0 9.4 Southwest_Southeast______------______26.4 22.6 9.4 17.0 15.1 0 0 43.3 1. 7 20.0 0 20.0 8.3 3.3 3.3 Age: 18 to 29------45.0 5.2 14. 7 6.6 16.1 8.1 3.3 .9 30 to 40------42.2 7. 8 21.6 2.6 16. 4 6.9 1. 7 .9 41 to 50------43.8 6. 3 12. 5 .9 23.2 8.0 2. 7 2. 7 51to60------52.2 5.6 12. 2 1.1 10.0 10. 0 4.4 4.4 0ver 60 ___ -----_------40.8 5.6 12. 7 7.0 19. 7 4.2 5.6 4.2 Party: Democrat_ ___ ------______----- 44.6 6.2 14. 0 6.2 18.1 5. 7 1. 6 3.6 Republican __ •------..: 47. 7 5. 2 19. 7 3.1 8. 8 10.4 4.1 1. 0 American Independent•------50.0 0 0.0 0 50.0 0 0 0 1ndependenL. ______------41.1 6.8 13. 0 3.1 22.4 Other ____ ------______..: 7.8 3.6 2.1 50.0 8.3 0 0 25.0 0 16. 7 0 Income: l $5,000Under $5,000_to $10,0QO • - •------= ______39. 2.9 15. 9 5.8 13. 0 13.0 4.3 5.8 45.0 5. 2 15. 2 4. 7 17. 3 8.4 3. 7 . 5 $10,000 to $20,000 ______47.3 6.8 15. 2 3.0 17.0 6.1 1. 9 2. 7 Over $20,000 ______------__ .; 38.2 10. 9 10.9 5.5 18.2 7.3 7.3 1. 8 Sex: Male ______- _____ ------=.: 46.9 9.2 11. 6 5.8 17.0 7.1 1. 4 1. 0 Female ______--_.; 42.8 2.9 18. 3 2.3 17.0 8.2 5.2 3.3
•Indicates only direction of opinion, too small to be significant.
EXILE OF ALEXANDER PRICE CONTROLS NO ANSWER needs of our citizens rather than the SOLZHENITSYN TO ECONOMIC ILLS wrong view that America can solve the world's problems; what we do need is significant tax reform; what we do need HON. PAUL G. ROGERS HON. RONALD V. DELLUMS is a commitment to ourselves and our OF FLORmA OF CALIFORNIA children. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES That commitment is not found in price Thursday, February 14, 1974 Thursday, February 14, 1974 controls, and it is not found in the ob Mr. ROGERS. Mr. Speaker, it was with Mr. DELLUMS. Mr. Speaker, it is in jectives of this administration. deep regret that I learned of the exile of teresting to note that the Nixon admin Alexander Solzhenitsyn from his home istration finally seems to be getting the SULLIVAN-DINGELL COMPULSORY in the Soviet Union to West Germany. message that much of our cuTrent eco FISH INSPECTION BILL As we have observed the unfolding nomic ills derive from disastrous results drama of Mr. Solzhenitsyn's conflict with of over 2 years under a misguided in the Soviet authorities, this possibility comes policy which featured price con HON. LEONOR K. SULLIVAN was always present in our minds, but it trols. OF MISSOURI comes as no less a shock now that the For me, price controls as a limit on in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES event has occurred. :flation is comparable to immersing a Thursday, February 14, 1974 While this enforced exile and depriva thermometer in ice water and then an tion of citizenship is surely a heavy bur nouncing that the patient is cured. Mrs. SULLIVAN. Mr. Speaker, as den for him to bear, I am thankful that Price level changes-and especially chairman of the House Committee on Mr. Solzhenitsyn is alive and well, and what we would term "galloping infia Merchant Marine and Fisheries, and as a that more punitive actions were not tion"-instead are key indications of se longtime advocate of strict food stand taken. I understand that the author's vere economic dislocations. Instead of ards, I have today introduced legislation family is to be permitted to join him treating symptoms, our efforts should be for compulsory inspection for whole soon. aimed at dealing with causes of our eco someness of all fish sold in the United It is indeed unfortunate that the So nomic problems. States. I am pleased to have as a co viet Union, as it moves into a greater I rue the fact that Congress authorized sponsor of the bill, H.R. 12849, the dis participation in the world commercial the implementation of the price controls tinguished gentleman from Michigan and scientific community, has yet to re that the President has imposed over the (Mr. DINGELL) , chairman of the Sub solve such a basic issue as the freedom past 2 ¥2 years. And I would hope that committee on Fisheries and Wildlife of expression of thought by its citizens. Congress would act as soon as possible to Conservation and the Environment, who I am sure that the fact that Mr. Solz eliminate that power. will conduct subcommittee hearings on henitsyn's fame has put his situation in For me, the fact that the administra this measure and on related bills begin the world's view was the reason for the tion resorted to price controls showed ning February 27. decision to exile rather than to punish that Mr. Nixon and his friends were not The Sullivan-Dingell bill generally the author. at all interested in dealing with the real parallels existing laws for compulsory I hope that Mr. Solzhenitsyn's family economic problems facing our Nation. inspection of meat and poultry. It would is able to rejoin him soon, and that they We do not need price controls. What be administered by the Commerce De can create a new and productive life in we do need is a massive reordering of our partment, which now conducts a fish in their new setting. national priorities so that it re:flects real spection program on a voluntary basis February 14, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3097 in plants willing to pay for this service consumer and for the healthy growth of The second lease, however, has given and thereby become eligible to sell their the industry. us something to compare the "C-a" bids products to the school lunch program or I am afraid that many segments of the with, and the results are outrageous. The in other Government procurement, or in food fish industry are operating today per-barrel yield from bonus bids shows a order to be able to have a Federal whole much in the way the meat industry op huge disparity. While the C-a tract someness label placed on their consumer erated prior to the passage of the 1907 leased in January yielded only about 5.2 packages. Meat Inspection Act, and as the poultry cents per barrel, the C-b tract bonus bids Under the proposed compulsory pro industry operated prior to the passage of of February 12 will bring about 16.3 gram, all normal costs of Federal fish in the Poultry Products Inspection Act of cents per barrel of oil, or three times as spection would be borne by the Federal 1957. The Food and Drug Administration much. These :figures do not include Government, or in joint Federal-State at present has the responsibility for in royalty payments or lease fees. programs involving fish sold only in vestigating unsanitary conditions in fish Is the American public being taken intrastate commerce, as is the case with processing plants and in uncovering for a ride? How can one tract of oil compulsory inspection of meat and shipments of adulterated or unwhole shale land bring three times as much poultry. some fish, but the FDA's spot checking per barrel as another? Are public energy As many of the Members will recall, program does not take the place of con resources being sold at ridiculously low Mr. Speaker, I have been closely identi tinuous monitoring of every stage of the prices to an industry that will make its fied with legislation dealing with Federal production process. profits by selling that resource back to inspection of food for wholesomeness Just as we had to institute compulsory the public? since my first term in Congress, having and continuous inspection for meat and Mr. Speaker, I have called on the Sec introduced the legislation which became poultry, the time has come for us to retary of the Interior to delay the Fed the Poultry Products Inspection Act of require similar standards of wholesome eral prototype leasing program until we .1957; the first bill, introduced in 1962, to ness for fish, and eliminate the danger can be sure that the public's interest is expand the Meat Inspection Act of 1907 to the public from contaminated prod not being severely abused. Surely a 1- or to include compulsory inspection of meat ucts sold to unsuspecting shoppers. 2-month delay in leasing would not seri sold only in intrastate commerce; and Along with the Sullivan-Dingell bill ously affect the progress of that program, the first bill, introduced in 1967, to introduced today, the subcommittee and it could help insure the public own amend the Poultry Inspection Act to re hearings beginning February 27 will con ers of that oil shale land that they are quire poultry inspection also in intra sider H.R. 887, by the gentleman from getting a fair return on their properties. state commerce. The Wholesome Meat Florida (Mr. PEPPER) and the gentleman The letter to Secretary Morton follows: Act of 1967, and Wholesome Poultry and from Michigan (Mr. DINGELL) to have FEBRUARY 13, 1974. Hon. ROGERS c. B. MORTON, Poultry Products Act of 1968 accom the Department of the Interior set Secret ary of the Interior, plished these objectives. and enforce standards for fish whole The Department of the Interior, Under both the Federal meat and poul someness; and H.R. 8894 by the gentle Washington, D .a. try laws as expanded in the Johnson ad man from Montana
METRIC SYSTEM
t.EMTB CAPACITY Approximate U.S. equivalent Rumber of Approximate U.S. Number of Unit and abbrevlatloa meters equivalent Unit and abbreviation liters Cubic Dry Liquids
10,000 6.2 miles. Kiloliter (kl) ______;..; 1,000 1.31 cubic yards ______------_____ ;: 1.000 0.62 mile. Hectoliter (hi) ______.; 100 3.53 cubic feet______2.84 bushels __ gallons. 100 109.36 yards. Dekaliter (dal) ______10 0.35 cubic foot______1.14 pecks ____ 2.64 gallons. 10 32.81 feet. Liter (I) ______. 1 61.02 cubic inches ___ 0.908 quart ___ 1.057 quarts. 1 39.37 inches. Deciliter (di) ______. .10 6.1 cubic inches _____ 0.18 pint__ ___ 0.21 pint. • 1 3.94 inches • Centiliter (cl) ______. .01 0.6 cubic inch ______0.338 fluid ounce. • 01 0.39 inch • Milliliter (ml) ______• 001 0.6 cubic inch ______0.27 fluidram . • 001 0.04 inch •
MASS AND WEIGHT AREA Number of Approximate U.S. · Number of Approximate U.S. Unit and abbreviation grams equivalent Unit and abbreviation square meters equivalent Metric ton (MT or t>------1, 000, 000 1.1 tons. Square kilometer (sq km or km) _____ : __ ;: ______.; 1, 000, 000 0.3861 square miles. 100,000 220. 46 pounds. Hectare (ha>------.: 10, 000 2.47 acres. 1,000 2. 2046 pounds. Are(&)------.; 100 119.60 square yards. 100 3. 527 ounces. Centare (ca>------.: 1 10.76 square feet. ~i1~E1~fi=~:~~~~~~~~~~~~~:: : :~~:~~~~~=~~ 10 O. 353 ounce. Square centimeter (sq cm or cml>------..: • 0001 0.155 square inch. Gram (g or gm>------1 O. 035 ounce. Decigram (dg) ___ ------_------0.10 1. 543 grains. Centigram (cg) ------0.01 0. 154 grain. VOLUME Milligram (mg) ------o. 001 0. 015 grain.
Number of Approximate U.S. Source: "Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary," 1973. Unit and abbreviation cubic meters equivalent
Dekastere (das>------10 13.10 cubic yards. Stere (s) __ ------1 1.31 cubic yards. Decistere (ds)------•• 10 3.53 cubic feet. Cubic centimeter (cu cm or cms also cc) ______000001 0.061 cubic inch.
SOKOL MEMBERS CELEBRATE AN-. all members, who range from the very well-wishers at Our Lady of Perpetual Help School. OTHER YEAR OF ACHIEVEMENT young to the very old. Pat Thorn, a victim of diabetes, was the AND EXCELLENCE Sokol potential class leaders are of honoree at the benefit dinner and bazaar fered the opportunity to plan their own planned by the Veterans of Foreign Wars social functions, and also to assist all Post 751, American Legion Post 142, Knights HON. FRANK ANNUNZIO organizational activities. This enables the of Columbus Council 5466 and the Woodlawn OF D..LINOIS youth to learn leadership, responsibility, Demooratic Club. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cooperation, and organization. "He's helped all these organizations with their programs and we want to show Pat Thursday, February 14, 1974 Mr. Speaker, I am proud to join with our appreciation at the time when he needs Sokol members in the 11th Congressional it," said Chris Murphy, who was instrumental Mr. ANNUNZIO. Mr. Speaker, Febru District of Illinois, which I am honored in organizing the festivities. ary 15 marks the 109th anniversary of to .represent, in the city of Chicago, and Although Mr. Thorn is not a VFW mem the founding of the first American Sokol all over our Nation as they celebrate an ber, it was that organization which first sug unf:t by a group of Czech immigrants in other year of achievement and resolve gested honoring him. Bill Kelly, a VFW rep st. Louis, Mo., and on October 30, 1892, to continue their record of excellence. resentative commented, "Pat Thorn is a dedi the first Slovak Sokol Society was orga cated community man and now it's time for nized. the community to appreciate him." Mr. Thorn, who was given a three-day pass The members of the American So frr>m Ft. Howard Veterans Hospital to attend kol Organization-Czech-and Sokol PAT THORN HONORED Sunday's event, is commander of the Ameri U.S.A.-Slovak-as well as the Catholic can Legion post, vice-president of the Demo Sokols, practice a system of physical fit cratic Club, and past Grand Knight of the ness through a series of calisthenics and HON. GOODLOE E. BYRON Knights. As a. result of his diabetes, he has under activities which are all-encompassing, OF MARYLAND with the realization that to maintain a gone four operations in three weelcs, losing free nation, its people must be physically IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES his left leg in the process. But he doesn't Thursday, February 14, 1974 want sympathy; he's still thin.king about how and morally strong. he can help others in VeteTan's Hospitals. Sokol stresses the development of Mr. BYRON. Mr. Speaker, recently Mr. "Now that I've been a patient in Ft. physical, spiritual, moral, and cultural Pat Thorn was honored by the Veterans Howard," related Pat Thorn, "I'll be better enlightenment among its members and of Foreign Wars Post 751, American equipped to plan activities for those fella.s for this reason, I was proud to introduce Legion Post 142, Knights of Columbus when our organizations go for visits." the bill which passed the 92d Congress Council 5466, and the Woodlawn Dem Throughout the day, surpdses were and became Public Law 92-486 designat planned for Mr. Thorn. One came when he ocratic Club. The benefit and dinner were won the door prize (to the delight of his many ing October 30 as National Sokol Day and to honor Mr. Thorn for his many civic friends) and found an oversized green hat authorizing the President to call upon accomplishments, and I would like to join with maze Starr inside. the American people to observe October in praising him for his many years of Miss Starr of Block fame and Mr. Thorn al'e 30 with appropriate ceremonies as a sa dedicated wo::.'k in his community. old friends who have worli::ed together on lute to all Sokol members across the many events to help their community. country who have contributed so much I would like to share with my col "I've known Pat and the work he's done a to the freedom and individualism of leagues an account from the Randalls long time," said a smiling Miss Starr, "so America. town Times describing the dinner in when the committee asked me to come, I In addition to gymnastic training and Mr. Thorn's honor. said 'Of course.' " The account follows: According to Miss Starr, when Mr. Thorn competition, social functions such as golf, saw her, "He had tears in his eyes." bowling, and volleyball tournaments, as WOODLAWN HONORS ONE OF ITS OWN A presentation by Wil11am Ba.rtenfelder. well as dances, parties, picnics, winter (By Janice Griffin) County Council chairman, and Francis carnivals, and other events of interest One of Woodlawn's most beloved residents Bossle, a county councilman, also drew the are held throughout the year by and for was feted on Sunday by more than 1,000 crowd's approval. February 18, 1974 CONGRJ;:SSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3101 They awarded Mr. Thorn a plaque, signed tion in professional sports to the main athlete but also in educating and advising by the eight Council members and citing him stream of American life at the conclu current athletes and youngsters. for his work with Kernan Hospital, Christmas sion of their athletic careers. Gilchrist says being a professional athlete projects, and his "efforts in promoting the can become essentially an ego trip, and the furtherance of brotherhood." UACA will direct its efforts toward: comedown, for too many, is hard and fast. Mr. Thorn said he was "overwhelmed" First. Education and guidance of ath The athlete suddenly finds he can't borrow and "filled up emotionally" by the people letes at the preprofessional levels by money, people don't recognize him on the who came to honor him. "Today, I'm the using individual present and retired ath street anymore, and all the money from those happiest man in the world." letes to express their experiences through huge player salaries has been squandered. Mr. Thorn and his wife, Connie, had a smile visitations to colleges and high schools "On the field, court or whatever, an athlete and a handshake for everyone. Moved by the is as sleek, quick, instinctive as any animal community's expression of love for her hus and elementary educational institutions; in the jungle," Gilchrist explains. "But an band, Mrs. Thorn remarked, "I knew he had through financial assistance to worthy athlete's instincts to survive in the everyday friends, but this is unbelievable." and needy athletes pursuing educational world are dulled by adulation, acceptance, The couple's daughter, Connie, and son, goals in nonathletic areas. what he reads in the papers and hears on Pat Jr., expressed the same feelings and Second. Education and rehabilitation radio and TV. added, "He knows everyone here!" of ex-athletes by establishing informa "Having been exposed to such a high, fast The four representatives who planned the tion and counseling centers in key cities way of living, he sometimes finds he'll do al affair, Mr. Kelly (VFW), Mr. Murphy (Knights most anything to sustain himself. He be in order to direct ex-athletes in financial, comes vulnerable to con men ... who rape of Columbus), Mel Burgress (Democratic legal, medical, psychological, and career Club), and Mitt Harten (American Legion), him of all the things he's worked hard for. were especially pleased with the turnout. counseling; make available direct finan Or he becomes an alcoholic, drug addict, .. Everyone here is so enthused over the cial assistance to appropriate ex-athletes criminal." event,'' said Mr. Kelly. and their families in the form of con Gilchrist can document such cases, "I know One of those in attendance, Bruce Wende trolled grants for alleviating severe per a great back, a Hall of Famer, who is sleeping sheim, felt the event was "a most heart sonal problems. on a park bench in the same city where he warming experience. I'll thrilled that other was a star. Big Daddy Lipscomb died of an Third. Education and guidance of cur overdose of heroin. Lenny Ford died drunk people feel this way about another human rent professional athletes by (a) dissemi being." and broke in some rundown hotel." Woodlawn residents who thought Mr. nating information regarding education Gilchrist remembers Warren Wells, former Thorn might curb his activities, can rest and vocational training; (b) disseminat Oakland wide receiver. assured that he'll be back. "Why should my ing information concerning legal, finan Wells, dogged by a police record, served out plans change?" he questioned. "I haven't cial, social problems common to profes a prison term and attempted a comeback in lost anything," Just as soon as Mr. Thorn gets sional athletes; (c) establishing in key 1972. But after a minor altercation With po his artificial limb and can get around, he cities local offices manned by qualified ex lice, he found his parole in jeopardy last plans to resume his busy schedule with or athletes to give one-to-one counseling May. ganizations in his favorite community. "I went to Oakland and found Wells and advice regarding problems affecting couldn't put together a. sentence," Gilchrist all areas of life which may be particular says. "All he could talk about was that he to athletes; (d) make available profes didn't understand what they were doing to sional expertise concerning personal and him and that he just wanted to play football. COOKIE GILCHRIST AND THE financial management for athletes He couldn't adjust to the idea that he was UNITED ATHLETES COALITION through educational group seminars. no longer just Warren Wells, the football OF AMERICA, INC. player. He's now in a psychiatric ward in The objectives toward which Cookie Houston.'' Gilchrist and the UACA are working That experience is what gave birth last make it important that my colleagues be July to the UACA. HON. JACK F. KEMP come aware of this effort. The Buffalo "I got together With Ernie Barnes, Dick OF NEW YORK Courier-Express recently carried an arti Bass and other players in the L.A. area to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cle about Cookie and the UACA which I sign an agreement that we need some kind of a system to keep from falling into a bot Thursday, February 14, 1974 include at this point and commend to the attention of my colleagues in the Con tomless pit, to quit pretending that the Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, Cookie Gil world always loves us, that the world will gress: always do things for us.'' christ and I were teammates with the COOKIE WoRxs To HELP OVER-THE-HILL What his organization needs, he says, is Buffalo Bills and I admired him as a ATHLETES "support, volunteers, money, and we need to teammate and as a great fullback, but DENVER.-Fourteen years of professional know where athletes are that need help.'' even more as a man who wants to help football gave Cookie Gilchrist fleeting fame, Gilchrist says he has received little response other people. a pa.Ir of bad knees and the devastating reali from such groups as the National Football Today he is actively nurturing a vision zation that he was fundamentally unpre League and the NFL Players' Association but he has long held to help ease the difficult pared for life off the gridiron. is confident he'll make in-roads. transition of athletes from the playing But Gilchrist survived in the real world He also firmly believes much of the billions field to the business world of American and now is nursing a vision he hopes wlill of dollars in the sports industry is being mis make the transition easier for other athletes. spent and could better be used by an orga life which many times is difficult indeed It's called the United Athletes Coalition of nization such as UACA-for the benefit of and leads to some real life tragedies. America and that's what Carlton Chester Gil players, owners and fans. The Colorado nonprofit corporation he christ, 38, is devoting his energies to these "The fan, in particular, should realize that has helped establish, United Athletes Co days. this athlete entertained him for a number of alition of America, Inc., will attack the "What we're interested in is trying to re years, and the man is worthy of more than problems created by the tremendous pop habilitate athletes once they're finished play outright rejection once his playing days are ularity of athletics in the United States: ing. We're trying to salv:age the lives of indi over," he says. first, problems of their possible overem viduals," Gilchrist says, sounding more like a It now has been six years since Gilchrist's social worker than the 6-foot-S, 255-pound sometimes controversial and off-beat career phasis and consequent distortion of ended after playing for teams in Canada and values by young people: second, problems fullback who once set an AFL record with 243 yards and five touchdowns in one game. for Buffalo, Denver and Miami. And, although in the maintenance of personal and fi Gilchrist wants to assemble volunteer pro he found the game dehumanizing, he feels an nancial perspective by active professional fessional counselors in such areas as finance, obligation to leave it something. athletes; and third, problems in the career planning, law, psychology, and he's "I want to make a greater contribution transition by athletes from participa- not only interested in dealing with the ex- than I did as a player.''
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Monday, February 18, 1974 The House met at 12 o'clock noon. in the aays of old.-Ecclesiasticus 44: life, his spirit still calls us to have cour The Chaplain, Rev. Edward G. Latch, 1, 2. age in adversity, to be faithful in times D.D., offered the fallowing prayer: O God and Father of us all, our hearts of trouble, and to learn to pray that we Let us now praise I amous men and our ·expand with pride as we think again of may be equal to the experiences which I athers that begat us; in whom the Lord our first President whose birthday we daily attend our ways. showed forth His glory, His mighty power oelebrate today. By the example of his As we listen once more to the words