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[Tapez une citation prise dans le document ou la synthèse d'un passage Délivré par intéressant. Vous pouvez placer la UNIVERSITE DE PERPIGNAN VIA DOMITIA zone de texte n'importe où dans le document. Utilisez l'onglet Outils de UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI BERGAMO zone de texte pour modifier la mise en forme de la zone de texte de la citation.] Préparée au sein de l’école doctorale INTER-MED ED 544 Et de l’unité de recherche CRESEM Spécialité : Etudes anglophones Présentée par Zoran STAMENKOVIC Culture-bound Shifts in the First French and Italian Translations of Christopher Marlowe’s Doctor Faustus Soutenue le 23/02/2018 devant le jury composé de Jonathan Pollock, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia directeur Franca Franchi, Università degli Studi di Bergamo co-directeur Line Cottegnies, Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - expert externe Paris 3 Catherine Lisak, Université Bordeaux Montaigne expert externe Anna Maria Testaverde, Università degli Studi di expert externe Bergamo Abstract The aim of this research is to compare Christopher Marlowe’s play Doctor Faustus (1604, 1616) with the first French translation by Jean-Pierre Antoine Bazy (1850) and the first Italian translation by Eugenio Turiello (1898) in search of the changes that are symptomatic of the cultural and ideological context of translation production. The case of Doctor Faustus represents the epitome of the instability of a dramatic source text. Two main versions of the play (the so-called A-text and the B-text) differ in structural, thematic and doctrinal terms. At the same time, neither version delivers a coherent vision. The research seeks to examine whether Bazy’s and Turiello’s translation, emerging at 50-year intervals and belonging to different yet related geographical, historical and literary traditions, further multiply the potential readings of the original or whether they display a more consistent framework. In addition, we will analyse the causes of textual variation. The regularities of the translators’ behaviour and their intervention in translation are manifested across a consistent trend of changes, technically labelled as shifts. First, we will apply a comparative model of translation analysis in order to identify the shifts that occur in the process of linguistic rendering. Then, we will discuss the ways in which the identified patterns of shifts affect the general meaning and the structure of the target texts in question. Finally, adopting a socio-cultural approach, we will show how certain shifts are conditioned by different cultural and ideological factors operating in the recipient systems. This will confirm or reveal the translators’ own ideology and the interpretation of the original, which is in turn indicative of their positions within the complex political and ideological space that surrounds them. The results demonstrate that the two translations represent the ideological extremes in the general reception of the Faust myth and that they mirror a different point in the cultural and political evolution of nineteenth-century Europe. i Abbreviations A1 (A) The so-called A-text (quarto of 1604): The Tragicall History of D. Faustus. London: Thomas Bushell, 1604. B1 (B) The so-called B-text (quarto of 1616): The Tragicall History of the Life and Death of Doctor Faustus. London: John Wright, 1616. ST The source text (the original text for translation) TT The target text (the translated text) Ox. The English edition of Doctor Faustus (B-text) edited by W. Oxberry, presumably used by the French translator. Doctor Faustus, a tragedy; by Christopher Marlowe, with prefatory remarks, notes critical and explanatory, London: W. Simpkin and R. Marshal, 1818. Goll. The English edition of Doctor Faustus (conflated version) edited by Sir Israel Gollancz, used by the Italian translator. The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus, a Play written by Christopher Marlowe, edited with a Preface, Notes and Glossary by Israel Gollancz, M.A., London: J. M. Dent and co., Aldine House, 1907. First published in London in 1897 as part of the Temple Dramatists series. DF Doctor Faustus A- and B-texts (1604, 1616) by Christopher Marlowe, edited by David Bevington and Eric Rasmussen, Manchester University Press, 1993. The quotations from Faustus in this study apply to this edition in cases where Oxberry’s or Gollancz’s edition do not lexically differ from Bevington and Rasmussen’s text. FTT The French target text. The first French translation of Doctor Faustus by Jean-Pierre Antoine Bazy. Études historiques, littéraires et philosophiques sur C. Marlowe et Goethe et sur les seizième et dix-neuvième siècles, suivies de l'Histoire allégorique de la vie et de la mort du docteur Jean Faust, drame de Christophe Marlowe, traduit pour la première fois, avec des notes explicatives par J.-P.-A. Bazy, Paris : Garnier frères, 1850. ITT The Italian target text. The first Italian translation of Doctor Faustus produced by Eugenio Turiello. La Tragica storia del dottor Fausto. Dramma di Cristoforo Marlowe, prima traduzione italiana di Eugenio Turiello, Napoli: Tipografia Giuseppe Golia, 1898. OED Oxford English Dictionary, edited by J. A Simpson and E. S. C. Weiner, 2nd ed., Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989. Littré Dictionnaire de la langue française, edited by Émile Littré, Paris: L. Hachette, 1873-1874. Garzanti Grande Dizionario Garzanti di Italiano, Milano: De Agostini Scuola S.p.A – Garzanti linguistica, 2013. ii Table of Contents Abstract ...............................................................................................................................i Abbreviations ................................................................................................................... ii List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... v List of Figures ...................................................................................................................vi List of Appendices .......................................................................................................... vii Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter One: Theoretical Framework ......................................................................... 17 1.1 Descriptive Orientation in Translation Analysis ................................................. 19 1.2 Translation Shift Taxonomy ................................................................................ 21 1.2.1 Vinay and Darbelnet’s Model ...................................................................... 23 1.2.2 Van Leuven-Zwart’s Comparative-Descriptive Model of Translation Shifts .................................................................................... 27 1.3 André Lefevere: Translation, Ideology and Poetics ............................................ 31 1.4 Kirsten Malmkjaer’s Translational Stylistics ...................................................... 36 1.5 Methodology for Translation History .................................................................. 38 1.5.1 Anthony Pym: Method in Translation History ............................................. 38 1.5.2 Lieven D’hulst: Object of Translation History ............................................ 40 Chapter Two: The Instability and Indeterminacy of the Source Text ...................... 44 2.1 Doctor Faustus: From Stage to Page ................................................................... 46 2.2 The A- and B-text: Textual and Structural Differences ....................................... 50 2.3 The A- and B-text: Thematic and Doctrinal Differences .................................... 62 2.4 A- and B-texts in the Editing History of Doctor Faustus .................................... 72 2.5 A- and B-texts in the Translation History of Doctor Faustus in each Target Culture ........................................................................................... 77 2.6 The Nature and Identity of the Source Text Edition Serving as the Basis for Bazy’s Translation ......................................................... 83 2.7 The Nature and Identity of the Source Text Edition Serving as the Basis for Turiello’s Translation ..................................................... 88 Chapter Three: Doctor Faustus – Translation History ............................................... 92 3.1 The Romantic Revival of Marlowe ..................................................................... 92 3.2 Nineteenth-Century Translations ........................................................................ 98 iii 3.3 Twentieth-Century Translations ........................................................................ 113 Chapter Four: The First French Faustus ................................................................... 127 4.1 Political, Ideological and Religious Context ..................................................... 127 4.1.1 Vacillation between Traditional and Democratic ideals ............................ 128 4.1.2 The political and Religious Landscape of the Second Republic ................ 133 4.2 Jean-Pierre Antoine Bazy .................................................................................. 139 4.2.1 Biography ................................................................................................... 139 4.2.2 Bazy’s Ideological Profile .......................................................................... 143 4.2.2.1 Political Thought