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A New Cloudinid Fossil Assemblage from the Terminal Ediacaran of Nevada, USA

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A New Cloudinid Fossil Assemblage from the Terminal Ediacaran of Nevada, USA Journal of Systematic Palaeontology ISSN: 1477-2019 (Print) 1478-0941 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tjsp20 A new cloudinid fossil assemblage from the terminal Ediacaran of Nevada, USA Tara Selly, James D. Schiffbauer, Sarah M. Jacquet, Emily F. Smith, Lyle L. Nelson, Brock D. Andreasen, John Warren Huntley, Michael A. Strange, Gretchen R. O’Neil, Casey A. Thater, Natalia Bykova, Michael Steiner, Ben Yang & Yaoping Cai To cite this article: Tara Selly, James D. Schiffbauer, Sarah M. Jacquet, Emily F. Smith, Lyle L. Nelson, Brock D. Andreasen, John Warren Huntley, Michael A. Strange, Gretchen R. O’Neil, Casey A. Thater, Natalia Bykova, Michael Steiner, Ben Yang & Yaoping Cai (2020) A new cloudinid fossil assemblage from the terminal Ediacaran of Nevada, USA, Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 18:4, 357-379, DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2019.1623333 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2019.1623333 Published online: 22 Jul 2019. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 248 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tjsp20 Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 2020 Vol. 18, No. 4, 357–379, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2019.1623333 A new cloudinid fossil assemblage from the terminal Ediacaran of Nevada, USA à à Tara Sellya,b , James D. Schiffbauerb,a , Sarah M. Jacquetb , Emily F. Smithc , Lyle L. Nelsonc, Brock D. Andreasend,b, John Warren Huntleyb, Michael A. Strangee, Gretchen R. O’Neilf, Casey A. Thaterb, Natalia Bykovag, Michael Steinerh, Ben Yangi and Yaoping Caij aX-ray Microanalysis Core Facility, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA; bDepartment of Geological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; cEarth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MA 21218, USA; dCollege of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; eDepartment of Geoscience, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA; fDepartment of Geosciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, USA; gTrofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; hFachbereich Geowissenschaften, Institut fur€ Geologische Wissenschaften, Freie Universitat€ Berlin, Berlin 12449, Germany; iInstitute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Baiwanzhuang Road 26, Beijing 100037, People's Republic of China; jEarly Life Institute, State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, and Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, People's Republic of China (Received 11 November 2018; accepted 16 May 2019) Owing to their temporal position during the decline of the classic Ediacara biota and the appearance of the more recognizable metazoans of the Cambrian Period, the terminal Ediacaran (551–539 Ma) assemblages of tubular fossil forms hold potential to improve understanding of biotic turnover near the end of the Ediacaran Period. Cloudinid taxa, including the terminal Ediacaran index fossil Cloudina, are the most well studied of these Ediacaran tubular forms due to their global palaeogeographical distribution. Recent reports revealed ecosystems of tubicolous organisms from the Great Basin region, Nevada, USA, and assigned taxa to such genera as Conotubus, Gaojiashania and Wutubus,well known from contemporaneous Chinese deposits. Appreciating the role that these organisms may have played in the evolutionary history of metazoans and recognizing their potential global distribution, however, requires careful taxonomic study. Here, we detail pyritized fossils from the Deep Spring and Wood Canyon formations of Esmeralda and Nye counties, Nevada, USA, respectively. Our investigation focused on the most abundant tubular taxon from the Nevada sites, which was previously generically assigned to Conotubus. While outwardly similar in morphology to this Gaojiashan taxon, our investigation determines that those fossils previously figured as Conotubus are instead two distinct taxa. The first represents a new species of Saarina – Saarina hagadorni sp. nov. – a genus previously known only from the East European platform, and the second is established as a novel genus and species, Costatubus bibendi gen. et sp. nov. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:CC391194-FF96-4BDF-B9B2-E4361DA64A5B Keywords: Nevada; Ediacaran; tubular fossils; cloudinids; Saarina; Costatubus Introduction by Schiffbauer et al. 2016). While these small, tubular fossils of the terminal Ediacaran may not look as charis- The final 12 million years of the Ediacaran Period (c. matic as those from either earlier Ediacaran assemblages 551–539 Ma; Linnemann et al. 2019) represent a ful- or post-‘Cambrian Explosion’ lagerst€atten, they bore crum in the evolution of complex multicellular eukar- witness to several key ecological and environmental yotes, marking a transition between the peak diversity events at the dawn of animals (Fike et al. 2006; of the classic Ediacara biota and the subsequent rise of Marshall 2006; Schiffbauer et al. 2016; Darroch nearly all modern metazoan phyla during the Cambrian. et al. 2018). This interval is characterized by a reduced diversity of The cosmopolitan distribution and stratigraphical earlier Ediacaran forms, with only a few representative range of the terminal Ediacaran tubular fauna during the rangeomorphs, arboreomorphs and erniettomorphs decline of the classic Ediacara biota (Darroch et al. (Laflamme et al. 2013; Darroch et al. 2015), and an 2015, 2016, 2018; Schiffbauer et al. 2016) is a direct increased diversity of organisms with broadly cylindrical reflection of their ecological success and plasticity (e.g. or tubular morphologies (called the ‘wormworld fauna’ Germs 1972; Cai et al. 2014; Cortijo et al. 2015; Smith à Corresponding authors. Emails: [email protected] [email protected] # The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London 2019. All rights reserved. Published online 22 Jul 2019 358 T. Selly et al. et al. 2017; Warren et al. 2017). Their ecological suc- biostratigraphical and ecological significance of cloudi- cess in the changing benthic ecological landscape can nomorphs in the terminal Ediacaran. With initial reports likely be attributed to several evolutionarily advanta- of a diverse tubular fauna, including specimens generic- geous characteristics – foremost of which may have ally, but loosely, assigned to Conotubus, Gaojiashania been their ability to biomineralize, even if only weakly Yang, Zhang & Lin in Lin et al., 1986 and Wutubus (providing no structural support) to lightly (providing Chen et al., 2014, from south-central Nevada (Smith improved structural integrity). The biological construc- et al. 2016, 2017), the onus now shifts towards provid- tion of external shells at least impeded attacks from ing a thorough taxonomic assessment of these fossils to another novel group of organisms during this interval – better understand their relationship to other terminal drilling predators (Bengtson & Yue 1992; Hua et al. Ediacaran tubular forms. Herein, from these Nevada 2003, 2005). Given their pivotal position in the sites, we provide formalized and detailed descriptions of evolution of biologically mediated mineralization at the two distinct nested tubular taxa. dawn of diverse metazoan life, these tubular taxa may have served as an evolutionary bridge across the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition (e.g. Yang et al. 2016; Locality, geological setting and taphonomy Han et al. 2017; Cai et al. 2017, 2019). Indeed, numer- ous biomineral tube-builders, similar in outward appear- Tubicolous fossils were collected from both float mater- ance and potentially phylogenetically related, are known ial and in situ strata from the south-central Nevada from small shelly deposits of the early Cambrian, Deep Spring and Wood Canyon formations. Deep including Feiyanella manica Han et al., 2017, Spring Formation fossils specifically came from two Multiconotubus chinensis Cai et al., 2017, Rajatubulus separate fault blocks of the Esmeralda Member at costatus (Mambetov in Missarzhevsky & Mambetov, Mount Dunfee, Esmeralda County, and Wood Canyon 1981), and various others (e.g. Yang et al. 2016; Cai Formation materials were collected from five fault et al. 2019). blocks of the lower member at the Montgomery The most renowned of the Ediacaran shell-builders, Mountains site, Nye County (Fig. 1). Cloudina Germs, 1972, is an index fossil of the terminal Ediacaran owing to its cosmopolitan distribution and Mount Dunfee relatively high preservational potential. The cloudinids, The Mount Dunfee fossil site is located c. 5 km to the more generally, are a group of tubular fossils character- east of Gold Point, Nevada, on the north-eastern side of ized by multi-layered construction and repeating growth Mount Dunfee proper. The fossils reported herein are ‘ ’ units, usually described as funnel-in-funnel units, or specifically found in the lower portion of measured sec- ‘ ’ collars. While the terminology cloudinid should refer tion E1421 of Smith et al.(2016) within the Esmeralda specifically to members of the Family Cloudinidae Member of the Deep Spring Formation. This locality is Hahn & Pflug, 1985 (including the genera Cloudina and one of the most distal, carbonate-dominated sections of Conotubus Zhang & Lin in Lin et al., 1986), its usage terminal Ediacaran–lower Cambrian strata preserved in in the
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