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Review and Prospect on the Botryoidal Structures from the Sinian Dengying Formation, Sichuan Basin, China

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Review and Prospect on the Botryoidal Structures from the Sinian Dengying Formation, Sichuan Basin, China Petroleum xxx (2017) 1e7 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Petroleum journal homepage: www.keaipublishing.com/en/journals/petlm Review and prospect on the botryoidal structures from the Sinian Dengying Formation, Sichuan Basin, China * Chengbo Lian a, b, , Guanxiong Ren a, Fang Qu a, Xiucheng Tan a, b, Ling Li a, Wei Zeng a, Guang Hu a, Hong Liu a a School of Geoscience and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China b Department of Sedimentology and Hydrocarbon Accumulation, PetroChina Key Laboratory of Carbonate Reservoir, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China article info abstract Article history: Fabric of carbonate rock is the important foundation and one of main research contents for study on Received 15 March 2016 carbonate sedimentology, and has always been the attention of the academic circles. Botryoidal Received in revised form structures from the Sinian Dengying Formation in the Sichuan Basin is a kind of special carbonate 10 October 2016 fabric, the fabric is named after the shape of a grape. In this paper, from four aspects of the research Accepted 2 December 2016 status, the definition of the botryoidal structures and the related terms, the construction charac- teristics of the botryoidal structures, the component of the botryoidal structures, geochemical Keywords: characteristics and the genesis of the botryoidal structures are reviewed. It points out the current Botryoidal structures Construction research issues of botryoidal structures from the Sinian Dengying Formation in the Sichuan Basin, Lamina and put forward that future research should focus on the accurate analysis of its internal con- Genesis struction, precipitation mechanism of the major components, and the construction mechanism of botryoidal structures. Copyright © 2017, Southwest Petroleum University. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). 1. Introduction structures from the Sinian Dengying Formation in the Sichuan Basin is a kind of special structure of carbonate fabric, the fabric Carbonate rocks are known for simple mineral composition, is named after the shape of the grape. Many domestic and chemical composition and complex fabric [1]. The formation of overseas scholars have taken up research on the botryoidal carbonate rock fabric is often related to the specific environment structures, now, the research status of the botryoidal structures and diagenetic mechanism [2e10], recording the information and its related research are summarized from four aspects, and that the geochemical composition of the ancient fuild, ancient analyzed the existing problems. environment and ancient climate changes, and have important metallogenic significance. It is important foundation and one of 2. The definition of the botryoidal structures and the main research contents for study on carbonate sedimentology, related terms and has always been the academic attention. Botryoidal The botryoidal structures is named from shape and con- struction, some scholars describes it as botryoidal caries texture * Corresponding author. School of Geoscience and Technology, Southwest or Grapestone. Because the botryoidal caries texture is used by a Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China. part of domestic scholars, and Prehnite is a kind of silicate rock E-mail address: [email protected] (C. Lian). mineral name, which easily lead to conceptual confusion, so this Peer review under responsibility of Southwest Petroleum University. paper uses the name of botryoidal structures. The botryoidal structures was the first put forward by llling in the modern sea, which was found carbonate grain similar to the Production and Hosting by Elsevier on behalf of KeAi morphology of crystal structures of grapestone [11]. The sedi- ment is circular, and all kinds of carbonate sand grain aggregate http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.petlm.2016.12.001 2405-6561/Copyright © 2017, Southwest Petroleum University. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Please cite this article in press as: C. Lian, et al., Review and prospect on the botryoidal structures from the Sinian Dengying Formation, Sichuan Basin, China, Petroleum (2017), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.petlm.2016.12.001 2 C. Lian et al. / Petroleum xxx (2017) 1e7 together to form composite grain and arises strongly micritiza- understand the forming environment, forming time, process and tion, they are cemented together by micritic aragonite. Later, mechanism. such botryoidal structures was found in some cements and fill- There are three types of botryoidal structures output state ings, which consist of mineral deposits or mineral aggregate (Fig. 1), the first type is layer distribution and has the same dis- [12e18]. In order to describe characteristics of the section shape tribution characteristics as the formation layer [21e26]; The that are petal-shap, some scholars combine three dimensional second type is oblique bedding or layered filling formed along form similar to grape and name it as botryoidal structures the holes or the wall of cracks [14,17,19,20,26e28]; Botryoidal [19e21]. structures in the vertical upward have multi cycle association relationship, and some special carbonate formations are often closely spaced in space, which mainly have vadose pisolite and 3. The output characteristics of botryoidal structures ruiniform horizon [27], algae rich layer [18,21,23,30,31], oolitic combination [22,24,25] and tempestite. Recently, botryoidal The output characteristics of botryoidal structures mainly structures was found in the ancient cold seepage system [32]. refers to the output state, scale and combination relation be- tween the upper and lower rocks. It is one of the key factors to Fig. 1. The out statue of botryoidal structures from the Sinian Dengying Formation in the Sichuan Basin. A:strata grow up in one direction; B:botryoidal structures grow in opposite direction; C:in the structual corrosion fracture obliquing to bedding surface; (the yellow area is that the area of botryoidal structures development; the right is that the macrophotograph of the left). Please cite this article in press as: C. Lian, et al., Review and prospect on the botryoidal structures from the Sinian Dengying Formation, Sichuan Basin, China, Petroleum (2017), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.petlm.2016.12.001 C. Lian et al. / Petroleum xxx (2017) 1e7 3 There are two kinds of botryoidal structures in the rock layers, depositional-penecontemporaneous and in the interlamination one kind is that botryoidal structures attached to the upper corrosion fracture. Because some scholars ignore the output state surface of the underlying strata grow towards the overlying of botryoidal structures, and they put do much emphasis on the strata, then gradually disappear and transition to overlying strata material composition and geochemical characteristics, which (Fig. 1A); The other is that botryoidal structures grow in opposite there have many divergences in the formation of the relevant direction (Fig. 1B).The output state of botryoidal structure in the knowledge [33,58,62]. It should be emphasized that the output structual corrosion fracture obliquing to bedding surface is state of botryoidal structures is more persuasive than relevant botryoidal structures attached to fracture (Fig. 1C).There are two analysis of formation, material composition and geochemical. kinds of the output states of botryoidal structures in the corro- Because the relevant information about the formation of output sion cave, one kind attached to cavity wall grow towards cave, state of botryoidal structures is clear, and after its formation has the other is that growth adhere to previously existent filling experienced a long period of geological history, in this process, compound surface (Fig. 1C). The main reason why some scholars the present material composition and present geochemical call it the grape like cement is because some scholars only found characteristics were appeared by many different period diagen- botryoidal structures in the corrosion fracture cavity. From the esis, which lead to multiplicity about material composition and published literature, the understanding of three output places geochemical characteristics. So, the effective information that about botryoidal structures is basic the same [19,23,58,59]. relate to material composition and geochemical interpretation of The output form of botryoidal structures can determine its botryoidal structures must be extracted under the constraints of approximate formative period, most of scholars think that the its output state. majority of botryoidal structures bedding output formed in the depositional-penecontemporaneous [19,21,23], but botryoidal 4. Construction characteristics of the botryoidal structures structures in the corrosion fracture cavity of oblique strata sur- face formed in the non-depositional-penecontemporaneous The construction characteristics of botryoidal structures re- fi [19,23,28]. Through the ne analysis about output state of fers to the internal micro morphological types, scale and its botryoidal structures can been found, botryoidal structures combination rule. A single botryoidal structures have typical bedding is not in the depositional-penecontemporaneous,
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