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La Terre, Question Vitale Au Xxie Siècle Belkacem Belmekki, Madhu Benoit, Michel Naumann, Joëlle Weeks

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La Terre, Question Vitale Au Xxie Siècle Belkacem Belmekki, Madhu Benoit, Michel Naumann, Joëlle Weeks La Terre, Question Vitale au XXIe siècle Belkacem Belmekki, Madhu Benoit, Michel Naumann, Joëlle Weeks To cite this version: Belkacem Belmekki, Madhu Benoit, Michel Naumann, Joëlle Weeks. La Terre, Question Vitale au XXIe siècle. Harmattan, 2012. hal-02006709 HAL Id: hal-02006709 https://hal.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/hal-02006709 Submitted on 14 Feb 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. LA TERRE, QUESTION VITALE Sous la direction de au XXIe siècle B. Belmekki, M. Benoit, M. Naumann, J. Weeks Comment l’Inde et l’Afrique ont-elles construit le rapport de l’homme à la terre ? De la « terre mère » à la « terre sans voix », c’est la quête d’une unité perdue et celle d’une possible reconquête que restitue ce collectif d’articles. Cette étude se décline en trois mouvements : mythologies et religions o rent à la ré exion contemporaine un cadre intellectuel, spirituel et écologique. Elles re ètent en premier lieu la richesse des représentations de la terre : nourricière, protectrice et soulignent l’unité originelle entre l’homme et la terre. Les motifs de la perte, de la dépossession et du déracinement LA TERRE, QUESTION VITALE structurent les dimensions géopolitiques de la problématique évoquant expropriations et migrations forcées. e Sous la direction de B. Belmekki, M. Benoit, M. Naumann, Weeks J. XXI Ce récit se clôture sur le thème d’une reconquête vitale qui allie au siècle spiritualité et développement durable, économie et écologie, richesse linguistique et patrimoniale. Belkacem Belmekki est docteur en civilisation britannique et du Commonwealth. Il enseigne à l’université d’Oran, Algérie. Ses travaux de recherches se concentrent sur la communauté musulmane en Inde britannique. En 2010, il a publié Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan and the Muslim Cause in British India, aux éditions Klaus Schwarz Verlag, à Berlin. siècle Madhu Benoit est maître de conférences à l’université Stendhal, Grenoble-3, e France, où elle enseigne la littérature et la traduction. Son champ de XXI recherche inclut la civilisation et la littérature postcoloniale. Elle vient de publier Sir William Jones et la représentation de l’Inde, ELLUG, Grenoble, au colletion « Esthétique et représentation : monde anglophone ». Michel Naumann est un spécialiste des littératures africaines et indiennes. Ses publications couvrent l’histoire du Commonwealth, les études culturelles et la critique littéraire en Afrique. Il est professeur responsable des études sur le Commonwealth à l’Université de Cergy-Pontoise. Joëlle Weeks est maître de conférences à l’université de Paris-1 Panthéon- Sorbonne. Elle est spécialiste de l’Inde coloniale. Elle a récemment publié Représentations européennes de l’Inde du 17e au 19e siècle et Queen Victoria’s Little India, dans Images changeantes de l’Inde et de l’Afrique, éd. G. Ganapathy- M.Olinga, L’Harmattan, Paris, 2011. Maquette et mise en pages : Ingrid oan Huynh-thi. Illustration de couverture : toile de Vincent Milne © Fonds Paule Munar. LA TERRE, QUESTION VITALE LA QUESTION TERRE, Discours identitaires ISBN : 978-2-336-00120-3 dans la 23 € mondialisation LA TERRE, QUESTION VITALE au XXIe siècle Collection « Discours identitaires dans la mondialisation » Dirigée par Michel Naumann La collection « discours identitaires dans la mondialisation » entend rendre compte des nouvelles conditions dans lesquelles se vivent les identités sociales et communautaires, notamment les contacts auxquels sont exposées ces identités mais aussi la faiblesse d'une mondialisation qui, à cause de son caractère marchand et des inégalités qu'elle génère, ne peut créer une identité universelle qui emporte l'adhésion. Les nouvelles façons de se définir révèlent alors parfois des caractères inquiétants alors que d'autres au contraire s'ouvrent à une perspective altermondialiste. Déjà parus Monique HERITIER et François ROPERT, Textes mystiques, discours identitaires, 2012. Geetha GANAPATHY-DORE et Michel OLINGA, Images changeantes de l’Inde et de l’Afrique, 2011. Rachida YACINE, Langues nationales, langues de développement. Identité et aliénation,, 2011. Tri TRAN, Les Migrations assistées et forcées des Britanniques au XIXe siècle. L’identité ouvrière à l’épreuve de l’émigration, 2010. Fabien CHARTIER et Kolawolé ELECHO (dir.), Le feu, symbole identitaire, 2009. Cécile GIRARDIN et Arkiya TOUADI, Regards croisés dans la mondialisation. Les représentations de l’altérité après la colonisation, 2009. Sous la direction de B. Belmekki, M. Benoit, M. Naumann, J. Weeks LA TERRE, QUESTION VITALE au XXIe siècle Ouvrage publié avec le concours du Centre de recherches « Civilisations et identités culturelles comparées » CICC-EA2529 de l’Université de Cergy Pontoise. © L’Harmattan, 2012 5-7, rue de l’Ecole-Polytechnique, 75005 Paris http://www.librairieharmattan.com [email protected] [email protected] ISBN : 978-2-336-00120-3 EAN : 9782336001203 Sommaire Notes sur les auteurs 13 Introduction Madhu BENOIT 17 Première partie : La terre : symboles identitaires Chapitre 1 Colette POGGI La terre dans l’imaginaire indien et ses expressions dans la culture sanskrite : noms, symboles et représentations 27 Chapitre 2 François ROPERT Terres d’Occident et d’Orient : topologie géopoétique dans The Waste Land de T.S.Eliot 47 Chapitre 3 Dhana UNDERWOOD La féminisation de l’Inde, terre-femme, terre-mère : la Bhârat Mata 63 Chapitre 4 Renuga DEVI-VOISSET Dans le sillage de Bhu Devi : to b- or not to be 77 Deuxième partie : La terre perdue et reconquise Chapitre 5 Ludmila VOLNA Qui est chez soi sur cette terre ? Le moulin d’Haberman de Josef Urban avec références à Un train pour le Pakistan de Khushwant Singh 91 Chapitre 6 Sarah FILA-BAKABADIO De l’Afrique aux Afriques : les usages de la géographie en histoire/vers une cartographie de l’histoire noire 103 9 Chapitre 7 Brahim BENMOUSSA Etat et communautés face aux stratégies individuelles d’appropriation des terres tribales en Algérie 123 Troisième partie : Luttes pour la terre Chapitre 8 Michel NAUMANN, Kolawole ELECHO Deux tentatives de maîtrise des sols et des politiques de développement en faveur des paysans pauvres : le Kisan Sabha au Bengale et le socialisme Ujamaa en Tanzanie 135 Chapitre 9 Badra LAHOUEL La question de la terre au Zimbabwe 147 Chapitre 10 Fewzia BEDJAOUI Notoriété/ Engagement d’Arundhati Roy 155 Chapitre 11 Ruby GAZAY Le rassemblement des terres indiennes et la constitution de la fédération indienne 167 Quatrième partie : Terre : enjeux culturels, environnementaux et philosophiques Chapitre 12 Deborah JENNER Nardep - architecture durable - Vivekananda Kendra, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu méridional 175 Chapitre 13 Joëlle WEEKS Eco-impérialisme : de Pierre Poivre à Darwin 189 Chapitre 14 Ganesh DEVY « Terre sans voix » : la perte linguistique à l’époque contemporaine 203 10 Conclusion Michel NAUMANN et Belkacem BELMEKKI Terre, humanisme, totalité 219 11 Notes sur les auteurs Fewzia Bedjaoui est Professeur d'Université de Littérature et Civilisation Britanniques à Sidi Bel Abbés, Algérie. Elle publie régulièrement en Inde sur l'écriture féminine indienne et participe à des conférences internationales en Europe sur des questions relatives au post colonialisme. Belkacem Belmekki est docteur en civilisation britannique et du Commonwealth. Il enseigne à l'Université d'Oran, Algérie. Ses travaux de recherches, qui ont fait l'objet de plusieurs communications et publications dans des revues internationales, se concentrent sur la communauté musulmane en Inde britannique. En 2010, il a publié un ouvrage Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan and the Muslim Cause in British India en Allemagne chez Klaus Schwarz Verlag, Berlin. Actuellement, il est directeur du laboratoire de recherche : Langues, Littérature et Civilisation/Histoire en Afrique. Brahim Benmoussa. Maître de conférences à l'Université d'Alger, enseigne la socio-anthropologie des sociétés rurales maghrébines au sein de la filière de sociologie rurale dont il est responsable. Il a conduit plusieurs enquêtes dans les zones steppiques autour de la question du foncier agricole. Madhu Benoit est maître de conférences à l’Université Stendhal, Grenoble 3 (France) où elle enseigne la littérature et la traduction. Son champ de recherche inclut la civilisation et la littérature post coloniale. Elle vient de publier Sir William Jones et la représentation de l'Inde. Grenoble: ELLUG, coll. Esthétique et représentation : monde anglophone Pr Ganesh Devy, originellement de l’Université de Baroda (Inde), est surtout connu pour ses activités avec les « tribals » ou Adivasis, les peuples premiers de l’Inde. Fondateur de l’Académie tribale de Tejgadh, directeur du projet traditions orales et littératures en langues tribales, co-fondateur du DNT- RAG (Denotified and Nomadic Tribes Rights Action Group), il combat pour les droits des peuples premiers et réfléchit sur leurs langues et cultures. Son œuvre d’imagination, Vanaprasth, écrite en Marathe, a reçu 6 prix majeurs. Parmi ses œuvres en anglais il faut citer : Critical Thought (1987) After Amnesia 13 (1992)Of Many Heroes (1997), India Between Tradition
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