COMMITTEE ON DIVERSITY

UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM

AAPA 84TH ANNUAL MEETING

6-8 PM WEDNESDAY MARCH 25TH, 2015

ABSTRACT REVIEWERS

Aaron Armstrong, U Minnesota φ Elaine Kozma, CUNY Jeannie Bailey, U Washington Anne Kwiatt, U Texas San Antonio Richard Bankoff, Penn State Myra Laird, NYU Colin Brand, U Oregon φ Steven Lautzenheiser, U Washington Kim Congdon, U Missouri Diana Messer, Mercyhurst U Victoria Dominguez, OSU. Christina Nicholas, U Iowa Noah Dunham, OSU Kelly Ontl, U Iowa φ Jessica Engel, Georgia State U φ Rachel Perash, U Indianapolis Christina Fojas, U Tennesee Elle Powell, Johns Hopkins U Obed Garcia, U Michigan φ Kristen Ramirez, CUNY Sara Getz, Penn State Michala Schaye, U Florida Jesse Goliath, OSU. Jill Scott, U Iowa Carrie Healy, U Arkansas Ben Thompson, Mercyhurst U Mareike Janiak, Rutgers U Brittany Walter, U Central Florida Jessica Joganic, Wash. U St Louis Allysha Winburn, U Central Florida φ Kelsey Kjosness, Penn State Kena Worsham, Mercyhurst U

Organized by Cara Wall-Scheffler Program by Marcie Myers

φ Previous USR participant now serving as graduate student abstract reviewer AAPA COMMITTEE ON DIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 6-8 pm, Wednesday March 25th, 2015

Poster Titles and Authors

1. §Facial shape in trigonocephaly: a metric and geometric morphometric assessment. *JULIE DING, LAURA E. CIRILLO, *ALEXANDRA M. MCGOUGH, REBECCA S. JABBOUR and GARY D. RICHARDS. 2. An investigation into the lack of climatically-driven variation in internal nasal fossa breadth. *ELIZABETH M. MOORE, *ARIELLE E. DENING, NATHAN E. HOLTON and TODD R. YOKLEY. 3. Preliminary analysis of postcanine enamel chipping among Neandertals and early modern humans: Implications for diet and bite force production. *MADELAINE C. AZAR, *NAOMI A. JOHNSON and JOHN C. WILLMAN. 4. §Impacts of the number and types of teeth employed in assessing developmental ages from skeletal samples. *DANA E. BECKER, *NATASHA A. CASTELLON-HINKLE, LAURA E. CIRILLO, *ELAINE M. BURKE, *JULIE DING, REBECCA S. JABBOUR and GARY D. RICHARDS. 5. Telling the whole story: How dental microwear texture analysis can add to the archaeology of the Fort Ancient individuals. *ABIGAIL L. STONE and KRISTIN L. KRUEGER. 6. §Prehistoric use of Ammotragus lervia in Taforalt Cave. *REBECCA L. PEDERSEN, JALIL BOUZOUGGAR, NICK BARTON, LOUISE HUMPHREY, ELAINE TURNER and CARA M. WALL-SCHEFFLER. 7. Assessing error in dental measurements: A comparison of resin and plaster casts to dental enamel. *NATASHA LIPTAK, AMELIA R. HUBBARD and GIUSEPPE VERCELLOTTI. 8. §Dietary change following social transition at Karystos, Greece. *SEAN FIELD and BRITNEY KYLE McILVAINE. 9. Bioarchaeological analysis of Solcor 3: The impact of differential foreign connections on biocultural aspects of life in the Atacama Oases, North Chile. *COLTON RUNION, MARK HUBBE and CHRISTINA TORRES-ROUFF. 10. §Changing skeletal stress following social and political disruption at Karystos, Greece. *JEREMY T. WHARRY and BRITNEY KYLE MCILVAINE.n n

2 *Undergraduate researcher §Poster also presented at main conference AAPA COMMITTEE ON DIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 6-8 pm, Wednesday March 25th, 2015

Poster Titles and Authors

11. Regional variation in human population size and culture in Early and Mid- Holocene Peru. *DELANEY SZTRAICHER, ALEXIS M. MYCHAJLIW, AMY GOLDBERG and ELIZABETH A. HADLY. 12. An examination of skeletal injuries at Tombos, Sudan: Investigating the effects of sociopolitical changes on violent and accidental trauma in Nubia. *RACHEL SHEA and MICHELE R. BUZON. 13. §Fluvial transport of human remains in the Three Rivers of Allegheny County, PA. *SARA M. KROPP. 14. Examining sex differences in human rib microstructure: A histological study. *NICOLE M. CROWE, SOPHIA R. MAVROUDAS and KATE SPRADLEY. 15. Skeletal 2nd/4th proximal hand phalangeal length ratios are associated with facial proportions in adult males. *BRIANNA HOFFMANN and ROBERT G. FRANCISCUS. 16. Scaling relationships and functional morphology of hominoid metapodials. *JENNIFER WASHABAUGH. 17. §Robusticity in the axial skeleton: An example of the rib. *MICHELLE MURACH, STEPHEN H. SCHLECHT and AMANDA M. AGNEW. 18. A preliminary study of cortical and trabecularized porosity distribution in human and quadruped ribs. *AMY BROWN, MARY E. COLE and SAMUEL D. STOUT. 19. New methods to infer medial longitudinal column morphology in the hominin foot. *AYLIN Y. WOODWARD and WILLIAM E.H. HARCOURT- SMITH. 20. Scaling relationships among sacral and pelvic articular surfaces in hominoid primates. *INGRID LUNDEEN. 21. §Do kinematics signal energetic optimality? Evidence from human walking studies. *MAYA N. THETFORD and CARA M. WALL-SCHEFFLER. 22. §The effect of bone length and shape on bone strength in the Longshanks mouse. *MIRANDA COSMAN, HAYLEY BRITZ, and CAMPBELL ROLIAN.

*Undergraduate researcher §Poster also presented at main conference 3 AAPA COMMITTEE ON DIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 6-8 pm, Wednesday March 25th, 2015

Poster Titles and Authors

23. Associations among television viewing, lifestyle, and cardiovascular health in an indigenous Siberian population. *TYLER M. BARRETT, MELISSA A. LIEBERT, WILLIAM R. LEONARD, LARISSA A. TARSKAIA, TATIANA M. KLIMOVA, VALENTINA I. FEDOROVA, MARINA E. BALTAKHINOVA, VADIM G. KRIVOSHAPKIN and J. JOSH SNODGRASS.

24. §Minimal VO2 of women walking burdened on gradients in urban environments. *MEGAN J. RUE and PATRICIA A. KRAMER. 25. Daily energy requirements of Shuar forager-horticulturalists. *LAUREN CHRISTOPHER, FELICIA C. MADIMENOS, RICHARD BRIBIESCAS, LAWRENCE S. SUGIYAMA and HERMAN PONTZER. 26. Dietary analysis of a rural Maya community in the Caves Branch River Valley, Belize using carbon and nitrogen concentrations and stable isotope values of dental calculus. *EMILY A. CHAMBERLAIN, AMANDA R. HARVEY, SIMON R. POULSON and G. RICHARD SCOTT. 27. Dental variation within the Tlaxcala population: A quantitative and qualitative analysis for sexual dimorphism. *VANESSA GRAVES. 28. Analysis of humeral trochlear angles as possible biological sex characteristic in the Archaic Windover Population. *ALEXA M. PENNAVARIA. 29. An interspecific comparison of variance in sex-based developmental markers. *KYLE G. MORLEY, ANDREA R. ELLER and FRANCES J. WHITE. 30. §Effects of menstrual cycle phase on thermoregulation variation. *ERIN D. APPLE, *KINDRA J. FISH, *QUINTON L. QUELLETTE and CARA M. WALL- SCHEFFLER. 31. Relationship between birth weight, age at menarche, and progesterone levels in adolescent girls. *RACHEL OGDEN, MARY P. ROGERS and KATHRYN CLANCY. 32. Closing the gap: Stress as a contributor to racial/ethnic disparities in infant mortality. *JAZMIN BRANCH and MICERE KEELS. 33. Milk and maternal environment: Differences in milk sIgA infection response in Tibetan mothers living at high and low altitudes in Nubri, Nepal. *MEYTAL CHERNOFF, *JUSTINE ANDERSON, *KASSIELLE MCKINLEY, *JASON ONAUGH, GEOFF CHILDS and E.A. QUINN.

4 *Undergraduate researcher §Poster also presented at main conference AAPA COMMITTEE ON DIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 6-8 pm, Wednesday March 25th, 2015

Poster Titles and Authors

34. Pasmo in the postpartum: Are there differences in cortisol and nutrients of the milk from Filipino women with and without a culturally bound syndrome associated with postpartum stress? *CHRISTIAN FREEMAN, *JAMIE HARKEY, ISABELITA DUAZO and E.A. QUINN. 35. Folate Receptor 1 (FOLR1) adjusted for hormonal status serves as a marker of folate nutrition. *ALLISON APLAND and MASAKO FUJITA. 36. Impact of gestational alcohol exposure on offspring glucose availability. *MEGAN DUNCANSON, CAITLIN GAMBRELL and RACHEL E. NEAL. 37. Biocultural components influencing high birth and retention rates in the American Anabaptists. *MORGAN CAIRNS. 38. Did medieval leprosy confer protection to plague? An immunological approach. *CORI L. DENNISON and FABIAN CRESPO. 39. Methodological considerations for the use of dried blood spot samples in population-based research. *TYLER E. FORDING, GEETA EICK, PAUL R. KOWAL, J. JOSH SNODGRASS and KIRSTIN N. STERNER. 40. The rarest of the rare: World variation of Uto-Aztecan premolars. *CALLIE L. GREENHAW AMANDA R. HARVEY, G. RICHARD SCOTT and CHRISTY G. TURNER II. 41. Investigating the accuracy of commercially-available genetic athletic tests. *OLIVIA A. STARICH, JENNIFER A. RAFF and DEBORAH A. BOLNICK. 42. Sodium hypochlorite decontamination of pulverized skeletal samples. *BENJAMIN GILG and GRACIELA S. CABANA. 43. Optimization of DNA extraction from dried blood spot samples for use in a telomere length assay. *DEVAN COMPTON, GEETA EICK, PAUL R. KOWAL, J. JOSH SNODGRASS and KIRSTIN N. STERNER. 44. Metatarsal variation in morphology of the hallux in non-human primates. *DANIEL JAGER. 45. Preliminary assessment of primate molar morphology using 2D geometric morphometrics. *KATHLENA ANDERSON, AMY BYERS, STEPHEN FROST and MICHEL WALLER.

*Undergraduate researcher §Poster also presented at main conference 5 AAPA COMMITTEE ON DIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 6-8 pm, Wednesday March 25th, 2015

Poster Titles and Authors

46. Pliopithecoid species number at the Late Miocene fossil locality of Rudabánya, Hungary. *FAYE MCGECHIE, HALSZKA GLOWACKA, LUCAS K. DELEZENE and DAVID R. BEGUN. 47. Paleodietary reconstruction of Paraloutta varonai through dental wear analysis. *YESENIA TAVERAS CRUZ and SIOBHÁN B. COOKE. 48. Analysis of intraspecific communication plasticity in captive female orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus). *SARA COOPER. 49. Assessment of food use in wild Otolemur crassicaudatus using fecal analyses: Implications for understanding ecology and health. *ALYCIA E. A. HALL, *SYDNEY D. JOHNSON, FRANK P. CUOZZO, MICHELLE L. SAUTHER, ADRIAN TORDIFFE and KRISTA D. FISH. 50. Captive female bonobos (Pan paniscus) tend to be more social during tool use than males. *DANIEL M. GOODKIN-GOLD, COLIN M. BRAND, KLAREE J. BOOSE, FRANCES J. WHITE and AUDRA MEINELT. 51. Comparison of measures of inter-individual affiliation among ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta). *LESLIE E. GOTUACO, COLIN M. BRAND, COLIN G. OLIVEIRA, KATHRYN ORTIZ, TIM KEITH LUCAS and FRANCES J. WHITE. 52. §Development of social bonds through play among captive juvenile and adult bonobos (Pan paniscus). *LINDSEY M. MEADOR and MONICA L. WAKEFIELD. 53. Planning abilities of wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) in tool using contexts. *CARLEY SCHLEIEN, STEPHANIE MUSGRAVE, DAVID MORGAN and CRICKETTE SANZ. 54. Differences in grooming behavior and nearest neighbor spacing distances of male and female adult olive baboons (Papio anubis) in Tarangire National Park. *RISA LUTHER. 55. Spatial height preferences across age/sex classes in wild Cebus Capucinus at Estacion Biologica La Suerte, Costa Rica. *CODY MOSER. 56. Introduction to a Kinda Baboon (Papio kindae) study site and study group. *EMILY R. WALCO and ANNA H. WEYHER.

6 *Undergraduate researcher §Poster also presented at main conference AAPA COMMITTEE ON DIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 6-8 pm, Wednesday March 25th, 2015

Poster Titles and Authors

57. §Examination of primate conservation knowledge amongst college students. *JESSICA MORRIS*, *ANDREW SKRINYER and LOREN R. LEASE. 58. Comparing visitor effect in a mixed species enclosure. *ANNA VILLANYI and AMANDA MELIN.

*Undergraduate researcher §Poster also presented at main conference 7 AAPA COMMITTEE ON DIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 6-8 pm, Wednesday March 25th, 2015

Abstracts

Preliminary assessment of primate used to examine differences among the molar morphology using 2D groups. For the lower molars, the first geometric morphometrics. two PCs accounted for 48% of variance and separated lemuriforms from KATHLENA ANDERSON, AMY haplorrhines with lorisiforms and BYERS, STEPHEN FROST and dermopterans intermediate along PC1. MICHEL WALLER. University of The separation is driven by lemurs Oregon. having buccally placed paraconids and For this study we applied 2D geometric larger but narrower talonids compared morphometrics (GM) methods to to haplorrhines. PC2 largely primate molars to determine how well distinguishes dermopterans from primate dental morphology could be primates, with the former having captured and if landmark based narrow trigonids and large methods could distinguish between hypoconulids. These initial results different primate groups. We wanted show that major groups were to evaluate this method because of its significantly distinct using CVA and relatively simple application and ease PC and are encouraging in the of use. Occlusal digital photographs application of 2D landmark based were taken of primate maxillary and methods in distinguishing different mandibular molars; observers used primate groups; larger sample sizes sixty images of lower dentition from: should improve results. five dermopterans, eighteen lorisiforms, thirty-two lemuriforms, Folate Receptor 1 (FOLR1) adjusted seven tarsiers, and eight platyrrhines. for hormonal status serves as a marker These five major taxonomic groups of folate nutrition. were our basis for comparison. Two ALLISON APLAND and MASAKO observers (AB, KA) then collected FUJITA. Department of Anthropology, eleven 2D landmarks on lower molars. Michigan State University. Landmarks were placed on the images using TPSdig, which were Folate is an essential micronutrient superimposed using generalized needed for DNA synthesis and Procrustes analysis in MorphoJ. methylation. Foods rich in folate Superimposed landmarks were include legumes and milk, but legumes analyzed with principal components have lower bioavailability and much is (PC) analysis to evaluate overall lost in cooking. Folate receptor 1 patterns of molar shape variation. (FOLR1) is a specialized binding Canonical variates analysis (CVA) was protein for folate. High FOLR1 levels in

8 AAPA COMMITTEE ON DIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 6-8 pm, Wednesday March 25th, 2015

Abstracts blood serum have been shown to folate status after adjusting for correlate with folate deficiency, prolactin or postpartum time. indicating that FOLR1 may serve as a Funding was provided by NSF DDIG biomarker for studies in human #0622358, The Wenner-Gren Foundation, ecological nutrition and reproduction. The Micronutrient Initiative, Michigan This has not been investigated fully, State University Provost Undergraduate although inexpensive ELISA kits are Research Initiative Award and the College commercially available, since earlier of Social Science Dean’s Assistantship. reports suggest that FOLR1 is under hormonal influence rather than folate Effects of menstrual cycle phase on nutrition. This study investigates if thermoregulation variation. FOLR1 can be used as a marker of folate status by controlling for the ERIN D. APPLE1, KINDRA J. FISH1, effects of the lactation hormone QUINTON L. QUELLETTE1 and prolactin or postpartum time among CARA M. WALL-SCHEFFLER1,2. breastfeeding women. We 1Department of Biology, Seattle Pacific hypothesized that FOLR1 levels would University, 2Department of be high in women with no milk Anthropology, University of consumption. We used 2006 data from Washington. breastfeeding Ariaal women in Kenya. All endotherms regulate temperature 24-hour dietary recall data were used to avoid reaching potentially harmful to determine milk intake (y=1/n=0). body temperatures. Human females Serum FOLR1 and prolactin were have an interesting additional pressure measured using ELISA. Regression because their body temperature varies models were used to examine the along with their menstrual phases, effects of milk intake on FOLR1, though the temperature at which body adjusting for age, BMI, and prolactin or functioning decreases does not change. postpartum time. In both the prolactin Women have a higher core temperature (n=84, R2=0.13) and postpartum time during luteal phase due to the actions (n=126, R2=0.24) models, milk of progesterone on the hypothalamus. negatively predicted FOLR1 (p<0.05). Thus, when women are most fertile, Prolactin positively predicted (p<0.01), they are also at increased risk for and postpartum time negatively overheating and potentially damaging predicted FOLR1 (p<0.01). These their developing embryo. Women results indicate that serum FOLR1 is should thus have evolved physiological influenced by intake of bioavailable and/or behavioral strategies for folate and may serve as a marker for

9 AAPA COMMITTEE ON DIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 6-8 pm, Wednesday March 25th, 2015

Abstracts negotiating the balance between MADELAINE C. AZAR, NAOMI A. maintaining mobility (e.g. heat JOHNSON and JOHN C. WILLMAN. increasing activity) and Washington University in Saint Louis. thermoregulatory homeostasis during Research on Neandertal and early luteal phase. Here we test physiological modern human (EMH) diets has made strategies of women (N=12) in different many recent advances with stable menstrual phases by monitoring their isotope analysis, dental macrowear and metabolic rate, core body temperature, microwear analyses, and the analysis of and skin temperatures while they dental calculus, among other lines of perform a series of rest and exercise bo research. We provide additional uts. During resting periods women in insights regarding the mastication of luteal phase maintained a narrower hard-objects in Late Pleistocene diets range of metabolic rates than women in by assessing postcanine enamel follicular phase (luteal phase women chipping among late Neandertal (MIS maintained a 53.8% smaller range); 4-3) and EMH (~40-20 ka BP) groups. additionally, luteal-phase women Bite force was calculated from chip exhibited a smaller average change in dimensions following Constantino and core body temperature (luteal phase: colleagues (2010), and the percentage of +0.69%, follicular phase: +1.65%). Thus, chipped Neandertal and EMH teeth women in luteal phase do appear to was compared to data from several control key physiological variables human groups. We found that 37.1% more successfully than women in (N=97) of Neandertal teeth and 30.3% follicular phase. Part of the mechanism (N=261) of EMH teeth exhibit enamel appears to be heat dumping as chipping, which is not exceptional in evidenced by dramatic increases in skin comparison to published postcanine temperatures proximal to the heart chipping ratios for several recent (neck: 13.6%, bicep: 28.7%). It also human groups. The mean and standard remains likely that behavioral error for Neandertal and EMH bite mechanisms are also utilized. forces (in Newtons), calculated from chip dimensions, is 157.6±34.2 (N=19) Preliminary analysis of postcanine and 131.3±18.4 (N=57), respectively. enamel chipping among Neandertals While previous analyses show that the and early modern humans: capacity to produce much higher Implications for diet and bite force production. maximum bite force is possible among Neandertals and modern humans, the present study shows that near-

10 AAPA COMMITTEE ON DIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 6-8 pm, Wednesday March 25th, 2015

Abstracts maximum bite forces were not 5Research Institute of Health, North- habitually produced to break-down Eastern Federal University. hard inclusions in the diet for either Culture change has been linked to Late Pleistocene group. However, high heightened psychosocial stress among bite force production to manipulate indigenous populations undergoing (i.e., extramasticatory behaviors) or political-economic transitions, which masticate pliable, or tough, materials increases cardiovascular disease risk. that are less likely to cause macroscopic However, much is unknown about chipping cannot be ruled out. Ongoing how specific aspects of culture change research focuses on increasing the size contribute to this relationship. While and temporal spread of the sample as shifts in media content and exposure well as accounting for climatic and have been implicated as a contributing ecogeographic variability. factor to chronic stress in transitioning Funding was provided by the Washington populations, the relationship between University in Saint Louis and the Leakey media and cardiovascular health has Foundation. not been fully examined in this context. The present study investigates links Associations among television between a style of life (SOL) scale and viewing, lifestyle, and cardiovascular blood pressure, as well as associations health in an indigenous Siberian between television viewing hours and population. myocardial infarction and stroke TYLER M. BARRETT1, MELISSA A. among 306 Yakut (Sakha) adults (153 men, 153 women) from Berdygestiakh, LIEBERT1, WILLIAM R. LEONARD2, Sakha Republic, Russia. LARISSA A. TARSKAIA3,4, TATIANA M. KLIMOVA5, VALENTINA I. After controlling for body composition, FEDOROVA5, MARINA E. smoking, and alcohol consumption, BALTAKHINOVA5, VADIM G. SOL was positively correlated with KRIVOSHAPKIN5 and J. JOSH diastolic blood pressure (DBP) among SNODGRASS1. 1Department of younger (18-49 years) men (P=0.009) Anthropology, University of Oregon, and older (≥ 50 years) women (P=0.028) 2Department of Anthropology, and showed a negative trend with DBP Northwestern University, 3Institute of among older men (P=0.054). Further, Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy greater television viewing hours was of Sciences, 4Department of associated with an increased likelihood Anthropology, University of Kansas, of previously experiencing stroke among older adults (P=0.010) and an

11 AAPA COMMITTEE ON DIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 6-8 pm, Wednesday March 25th, 2015

Abstracts increased likelihood of previously 5Department of Biomedical Sciences, experiencing myocardial infarction A.A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, among older men (P=0.047). The rapid University of the Pacific, San Francisco. change in television content that Assessing developmental age is the occurred alongside post-Soviet first step in ontogenetic studies of privatization makes media a skeletal remains. Many skeletal particularly salient aspect of culture regions provide aging data, but for the change among indigenous Siberians, fetal-young adult age range the and the present study suggests it may dentition is the most accurate. play a role in cardiovascular risk Numerous studies provide methods for among the Yakut. Divergent assessing developmental ages from relationships between age and sex teeth but vary in the number/types of groups indicate a potential cohort effect teeth assessed and whether they and possible discrepancies in how include eruption data. We hypothesize lifestyle factors impact men and that these varying methods have the women’s cardiovascular health. potential to impact the range of Support: NSF ARC-0802390; variation exhibited in age groups and Northwestern University; University of to create non-comparable samples. Oregon; FSRI Institute of Health. To test this hypothesis we CT-scanned a dry skull sample (n=56). The Impacts of the number and types of teeth employed in assessing dentition was evaluated via developmental ages from skeletal construction of isosurfaces and samples. volume-texture renderings. Individual ages were calculated as averages of the DANA E. BECKER1, NATASHA A. degree of calcification per tooth; CASTELLON-HINKLE1, LAURA E. eruption was not assessed (range 4.7- CIRILLO2, ELAINE M. BURKE3, JULIE 9.1y). We then created age groups DING1, REBECCA S. JABBOUR4 and using various combinations of teeth GARY D. RICHARDS5. 1Department of and assessed changes in the statistical Integrative Biology, University of output for 93 cranial dimensions. We California, Berkeley, 2Department of also examined the impact of these Anthropology, California State groupings on sample configuration in University Chico, 3Department of morphospace using Morphologika. Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, 4Department of Biology, Age estimates varied between the - Saint Mary's College of California. upper and lower dentitions ( 0.9-1.4y).

12 AAPA COMMITTEE ON DIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 6-8 pm, Wednesday March 25th, 2015

Abstracts

Following studies that use only lower racial/ethnic infant health disparities molars for aging resulted in a -0.6-0.8 and maternal stress, little is known year difference from the averaged age. about the effects of stress on disparities Comparisons of a range of in maternal health. The purpose of this differentially aged groups to the study was to examine racial/ethnic original sample showed significant differences in maternal well-being changes in the summary statistics for factors. We hypothesized that Black the dimensional series as well as women would have higher percentages substantial shifts between age groups of the stress indicators such as in morphospace. These results cadmium levels, bacterial vaginosis, demonstrate that caution should be and poor mental health. exercised in compiling results from We analyzed data from the 2001-2010 studies employing different aging National Health and Nutrition methods or studies comparing Examination Survey (NHANES) individuals aged from partial conducted by the CDC. The sample dentitions to those aged with complete consisted of 842 U.S. born pregnant dentitions. women, ages 20-45 who self identified Funding provided by Undergraduate as non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic Opportunity Fund Grants to Dana E. white, or Mexican American. We Backer, Natasha A. Castellon-Hinkle, conducted Poisson regression analyses, Elaine M. Burke, and Julie Ding. logit regression analyses, and multivariate regression models to test Closing the gap: Stress as a for differences in stress indicators by contributor to racial/ethnic disparities race. in infant mortality. With Black women as the reference, JAZMIN BRANCH1 and MICERE both Mexican American (0.83/0.42) and KEELS2. 1Washington University in St. White women (0.76/0.78) had lower Louis, 2Department of Comparative odds ratios for bacterial vaginosis and Human Development, University of cadmium toxicity respectively. Based Chicago on the coefficients from the Poisson Despite national improvement in infant regression test, the likelihood of having health status, the racial/ethnic gap has poor mental health was lower for Mexican American (-0.18) and White remained the same and has even women (-0.0025). This study widened in some cases. While previous studies show a relationship between contributes to the scarce knowledge on stress as a factor of maternal health and

13 AAPA COMMITTEE ON DIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 6-8 pm, Wednesday March 25th, 2015

Abstracts potentially helps with the direction of differences in any type of porosity. identifying social indicators of adverse Relative Cortical Area, a metric of birth outcomes, maternal health, and bone’s resistance to compression, is infant mortality. significantly reduced by total porosity in ribs of deer (p = 0.001), dogs (p = A preliminary study of cortical and 0.000), and pigs (p = 0.001) but by both trabecularized porosity distribution in total (p = 0.000) and “trabecularized” human and quadruped ribs. (p = 0.019) porosity in humans. Significantly more of the whole cortex AMY BROWN, MARY E. COLE and consists of “trabecularized” porosity SAMUEL D. STOUT. Department of compared to cortical porosity in human Anthropology, The Ohio State ribs (p = 0.028) but not deer (p = 0.430), University. dog (p = 0.715), or pig (p = 0.500) ribs. Human ribs provide a simple model of The caudal-cranial motion of the bending. During inspiration, ribcage quadruped ribcage may introduce a expansion tenses the cutaneous cortex complex bending environment that with low strains and compresses the obscures expected microstructure. pleural cortex with comparatively high Pleural/cutaneous porosity strains. Frost’s mechanostat model differentiation may indicate the upright predicts more bone resorption, ribcage orientation and lack of dynamic including more cortical and rib loading characteristic of bipedalism. “trabecularized” porosity, in low-strain regions. This study compares ten Biocultural components influencing human ribs and four ribs each from high birth and retention rates in the dogs, pigs, and deer. Consistent with American Anabaptists. our previous study, the tensed MORGAN CAIRNS. Florida State cutaneous cortex of human ribs has University. significantly higher percentages of “trabecularized” porosity (p = 0.007), North American Hutterites, the huge pores that coalesce near the Mennonites, and Amish share an endosteum, compared to the less ancestral root to Eastern European porous pleural cortex. The cutaneous Anabaptists; however, after cortex displays a higher mean area (p = immigrating across America they 0.013) but not frequency (p = 0.441) of branched into three unique colonial “trabecularized” pores. In contrast, groups. Collectively, the three quadruped pleural and cutaneous populations face similar biological cortices showed no significant obstacles that are commonly attributed

14 AAPA COMMITTEE ON DIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 6-8 pm, Wednesday March 25th, 2015

Abstracts to genetic drift, including low genetic 1Department of Anthropology, variation, high recessive disorder rates, University of Nevada, Reno, and high spontaneous abortion rates. 2Department of Geological Sciences While these obstacles are widely and Engineering, University of supported by genetic data, including Nevada, Reno. human leukocyte antigen analyses, the This research assessed stable carbon (C) three groups continue to have high and nitrogen (N) concentrations and population growth with retention rates isotopic values in human dental between 85-90%. This study integrated calculus to understand dietary ethnographic data and genetic analyses practices of the Maya from the Caves from all three populations to study Branch Rockshelter (CBR) in the Caves how cultural elements develop to Branch River Valley, Belize. CBR is a overcome genetic obstacles. The results funerary site of a small rural attributed population growth rates to agricultural community with multiple cultural emphases on high social burial episodes dating from Late responsibility, individual Preclassic (300 BCE-30CE) to the Late empowerment, and low social tension Terminal Classic (600-900CE) (Wrobel, as well as the taboo nature of 2008). Isotopically heavy values of δ13C contraception, medicalization of were expected due to the traditionally pregnancies, and the religious maize-rich diet of the Maya. Calculus encouragement to build large families. samples were obtained from 28 males The goal of this study was to illustrate and females, and analyzed for C and N the complex relationship between concentrations and δ13C and δ15 N culture and biology in an effort to values using elemental analysis - mass understand how biological factors can spectrometry, after methods detailed be overcome through the development by Scott & Poulson (2012) and Poulson of social practices and traditions. et al. (2013). As suggested by Eerkens et al. (2014), molar C/N concentrations Dietary analysis of a rural Maya over 12 were omitted for a quality community in the Caves Branch River control criterion consistent with an Valley, Belize using carbon and absence of post-depositional alteration. nitrogen concentrations and stable isotope values of dental calculus. C/N molar ratios obtained from the sample ranged from 8.2-11.9. The mean EMILY A. CHAMBERLAIN1, δ15N value of +8.5‰, consistent with a AMANDA R. HARVEY1, SIMON R. diet of plant domesticates POULSON2 and G. RICHARD SCOTT1. supplemented by deer and riverine

15 AAPA COMMITTEE ON DIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 6-8 pm, Wednesday March 25th, 2015

Abstracts fish, is similar to collagen isotopic wide range of ecological conditions. studies from other Maya populations. Here, we tested for differences in milk δ13C values were isotopically lighter sIgA levels between mothers nursing than expected for a maize-rich diet, sick and healthy infants living at high with a mean value of -15.2‰. Previous and low altitudes in the Nubri Valley, collagen δ13C studies in the Maya Nepal. region document varied levels of maize Milk samples were collected from 67 consumption during different periods mothers nursing offspring under 2 and in different regions. δ13C values years of age, living in 6 villages, 3 high obtained in this study suggest the (<10,000 ft) and 3 low (<10,000 ft) mortuary sample from CBR may not altitudes. Infants living in low altitude have switched to a maize-rich diet like villages had more diarrheal illness other Maya sites. (39.1% versus 15.9%; p<0.025); longitudinal research in Nubri also Milk and maternal environment: identified higher mortality rates among Differences in milk sIgA infection low altitude infants and children. Milk response in Tibetan mothers living at sIgA was measured with ELISA. Data high and low altitudes in Nubri, Nepal. were analyzed using a linear regression adjusting for maternal parity and infant MEYTAL CHERNOFF1, JUSTINE age. ANDERSON1, KASSIELLE MCKINLEY1, JASON ONAUGH1, Mean milk sIgA was 774.6 ±400 GEOFF CHILDS1 and E.A. QUINN1,2. µg/mL. Mothers living at higher 1Department of Anthropology, altitudes had slightly though not Washington University in St. Louis, significantly, higher sIgA (785.2 ± 410.9 2Institute for Public Health, µg/mL) compared to low altitude Washington University in St. Louis. mothers (754.3 ± 387.2 µg/mL). Mothers nursing sick infants in the Women living in highly pathogenic high altitude sample had higher mean environments tend to have higher sIgA levels than mothers nursing secretory Immunoglobulin-A (sIgA) in healthy infants in that environment; in their breast milk, possibly providing the low altitude sample, mothers infants born in these environments nursing sick infants had lower mean with some degree of protection against levels of sIgA than mothers nursing infectious disease, especially healthy infants. We hypothesize that gastrointestinal illness. This has yet to lower milk sIgA levels may be a be investigated in populations in a contributing factor to increased

16 AAPA COMMITTEE ON DIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 6-8 pm, Wednesday March 25th, 2015

Abstracts morbidity and mortality observed in TEE was measured in 15 adults (8 low altitude villages. women, 7 men; age range 18-60 y) living in a relatively remote Shuar Daily energy requirements of Shuar village, using the doubly labeled water, forager-horticulturalists. DLW, method. After providing a baseline urine sample, subjects LAUREN CHRISTOPHER1, FELICIA ingested a 67 g (women) or 73 g (men) C. MADIMENOS2,3, RICHARD dose of DLW (6% ²H2O, 10% H2¹⁸O); BRIBIESCAS4, LAWRENCE S. urine samples were then collected SUGIYAMA5 and HERMAN every 2 – 5 days to track isotope PONTZER1,3. ¹Department of enrichment over a 10 – 14 day period. Anthropology, Hunter College, City Isotope enrichments were determined University of New York, ²Department via cavity ring down spectrometry at of Anthropology, Queens College, ³City the Human Evolution and Energetics University of New York, New York Lab at Hunter College, and used to Consortium for Evolutionary calculate mean TEE for each subject. As Primatology, ⁴Department of predicted, TEE among Shuar men and Anthropology, Yale University, women was elevated relative to body ⁵Department of Anthropology, size, as assessed by fat free mass, University of Oregon. compared to adults in the US and Differences in lifestyle and diet cross Europe. These results are similar to the culturally have often been associated elevated TEE observed in some with variation in energy expenditure subsistence farming populations. and obesity. Empirical measurements suggest that average daily energy Optimization of DNA extraction from expenditure is similar across most dried blood spot samples for use in a populations regardless of lifestyle, but telomere length assay. that traditional subsistence farming DEVAN COMPTON1, GEETA EICK1, populations may be somewhat PAUL R. KOWAL2,3, J. JOSH elevated. Here, we measured total SNODGRASS1 and KIRSTIN N. energy expenditures, TEE (kcal/day), STERNER1. 1Department of among traditional Shuar forager- Anthropology, University of Oregon; horticulturalists in Ecuador in order to 2World Health Organization, Geneva, test the hypothesis that subsistence Switzerland; 3University of Newcastle farmers have greater energy demands Research Centre on Gender, Health, than industrialized populations.

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Abstracts and Ageing, Newcastle, NSW, successful TL assay. Methodological Australia. issues are key considerations in epidemiological research. This study As part of the World Health will allow for optimal collection of DBS Organization's study on global AGEing for DNA extraction as well as and adult health (SAGE) to determine downstream use of the DNA in assays patterns and determinants of aging, such as the TL assay. dried blood spots (DBS) are being collected from adults in six countries in Support: NIH R01-AG034479; University regions of different economic of Oregon. development for various biomarker assays, including measurement of Analysis of intraspecific telomere length (TL). Before measuring communication plasticity in captive TL or other DNA-based biomarkers, it female orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus). is necessary to assess DNA quality SARA COOPER. Department of obtained from DBS under various Anthropology, University of South conditions. First, we tested if storing Florida. DBS at -20°C allows for adequate DNA preservation to recover optimal Orangutans are large-brained animals amounts of high-quality genomic DNA with slow life histories inhabiting a when compared to -80°C. As DBS rapidly changing physical environment collected from fingerpricks vary in size, (Krutzen et al, 2011). Social plasticity, we also considered the size of DBS or the adjustment of social behavioral (25uL vs. 50uL) to determine whether expression to the nuances of daily life, size affects the quality and quantity of is an important facet of primate the DNA extracted. Preliminary results communication because it responds to indicate that 3.2mm (1/8") punches the selective pressures that make one from 50uL DBS yield nearly twice the form of communication more amount of extractable DNA as 3.2mm advantageous over another when punches from 25uL DBS. Additionally, utilized in specific social situations DBS stored in a -80°C freezer yield (Oliveira, 2012). In this study approximately 47% more double- examining social plasticity of stranded DNA than DBS stored in a - orangutan communication as a 20°C freezer. Lastly, we plan to function of sex, I compared the time determine the minimum quantity of budgets of communicative behaviors DNA (three, four or six 3.2mm DBS among female Bornean orangutans punches) necessary to perform a (Pongo pygmaeus) at the Lowry Park

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Abstracts

Zoo. Sex-based social plasticity was Calgary3Department of Comparative defined as a behavioral difference Biology and Experimental Medicine, between same-sex and opposite-sex Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, interactions. Data collection included University of Calgary. 100 hours of video recorded Anthropologists have long been observations and frame-by-frame interested in the relationship between analysis using focal animal sampling. bone strength and morphology, as Communicative behavior differed these traits are functionally related to significantly between same-sex and primate locomotion. The length, shape, opposite-sex interactions (χ 2=22.817, and strength of a bone must scale with df=1, p<0.01). When interacting with one another in order to maintain the same-sex conspecifics, females spent bone’s safety factor. The Rolian lab has most of their time utilizing tactile been selectively breeding a line of mice communication (87.5%), followed by (“Longshanks”) to have longer tibiae visual communication (12.5%). When relative to body mass compared to a interacting with males, females spent control cohort. Previous research has most of their time utilizing visual demonstrated that the length increase communication (67.1%), followed by in the Longshanks tibiae resulted in a tactile communication (32.9%). No slight negative allometric change in the significant auditory communication bone’s shape and cross-sectional was observed (<.1%). I conclude that dimensions, which may lead to a female orangutan communication reduction in the strength of the bone. exhibits sex-based social plasticity. I propose that this plasticity is a The ability of a bone to resist bending behavioral adaptation resulting from is closely related to its cross-sectional sex-specific social selective pressures. dimensions and length. Here we tested the hypothesis that the strength of the The effect of bone length and shape Longshanks tibiae has been reduced on bone strength in the Longshanks due to the change in shape and length mouse. of the bone. We predicted that, due to their more gracile appearance, the MIRANDA COSMAN1, HAYLEY Longshanks tibiae would require lower BRITZ2, and CAMPBELL ROLIAN3. bending forces to break. Tibiae were 1Department of Anthropology, dissected from sex-balanced groups University of Calgary, 2Department of from two independent selected lines Cell Biology and Anatomy, Faculty of (n=56), and a control line (n=29). The Medicine, University of bones were tested for strength using a

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Abstracts three-point bending apparatus, and (N.Fg.On) per mm2, Osteon Population were broken in the medio-lateral Density (OPD) per mm2, Osteon Area direction. Results indicated that the (On.Ar) mm2, Osteon Circularity tibiae in the Longshanks mice required (On.Cr) mm2, Osteon Perimeter (On.Pr) 20-30% less force to break. This mm2, and Haversian Canal Area (H.Ar) research provides insights into the mm2. Variables were compared with relationship between bone length and known sex and age to quantify the strength under directional selection, relationship between sex and osteon with implications for the evolution of remodeling and were analyzed using bone structural adaptations in both an independent T-test and Mann- primates. Whitney U-test. There were no significant differences between the Examining sex differences in human sexes for any of the variables tested (p rib microstructure: A histological > 0.05). Results indicated that males study. less than 50 years of age showed a significant difference in On.Pr NICOLE M. CROWE, SOPHIA R. (p=0.046) when compared to males MAVROUDAS and KATE SPRADLEY. over 50. Females under 50 years of age Forensic Anthropology Center at Texas compared to females over 50 years of State, Texas State University age displayed no significant differences Currently, there is no consensus on in On.Cr and H.Ar, however, On.Ar how osteons vary due to sex. As a (p=0.042) and On.Pr (p=0.044) showed result, histological methods differ in a significant difference. These results their reliance on sex-specific variables. will give scholars in the field a clearer The purpose of this study is to quantify understanding of how sexual the effect of sex on bone microstructure dimorphism affects bone and improve bone histology microstructure and will contribute to identification methods. For this study, the development of more accurate histological cross-sections (~20 µm) methods in biological anthropology. were obtained from the left sixth rib mid-shaft of 30 individuals (17 females, Did medieval leprosy confer 13 males) housed at the Forensic protection to plague? An Anthropology Center at Texas State immunological approach. (FACTS). The following histological CORI L. DENNISON and FABIAN variables were collected: Intact CRESPO. Department of Anthropology, Secondary Osteons (N.I.On) per mm2, University of Louisville. Fragmentary Secondary Osteons

20 AAPA COMMITTEE ON DIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 6-8 pm, Wednesday March 25th, 2015

Abstracts

Chronic infectious disease such as more IFNγ, partially supporting the leprosy, endemic in Medieval Europe, hyper-immune hypothesis. These could have generated individuals with preliminary results do not allow us yet different immunological profiles to accept any hypothesis but show an affecting their fate when facing a immune activation induced by leprosy plague outbreak. Two hypothetical and lysates. As future direction in this conflicting scenarios are proposed: a) project, we propose new experimental individuals suffering leprosy presented protocols that will include different a weak immune system not allowing stimuli and to consider the polarized them to mount a proper immune immune status in leprosy. response to plague; and b) chronic leprosy infection could have generated Facial shape in trigonocephaly: a a “hyper-immune” state conferring metric and geometric morphometric some immunity to plague. In this assessment. preliminary in vitro study, we tested if JULIE DING1, LAURA E. CIRILLO2, exposure to one microbial species ALEXANDRA M. MCGOUGH3, (Mycobacterium leprae or Yersinia pestis) REBECCA S. JABBOUR4 and GARY D. can shift the immune response when RICHARDS5. 1Department of the same cells are exposed to other Integrative Biology, University of species. The experimental protocols California, Berkeley, 2Department of involved a two-day experiment, where Anthropology, California State human peripheral blood mononuclear University, Chico, 3Department of cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors Molecular and Cell Biology, University were exposed to the corresponding of California, Berkeley, 4Department of pathogen lysates. The expression of key Biology, Saint Mary's College of immune proteins (TNFα and IFNγ) California, 5Department of Biomedical involved in the immune response Sciences, A.A. Dugoni School of against both pathogens was measured Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San by enzyme-linked immunosorbent Francisco. assay (ELISA). Our preliminary results showed higher expression of IFNγ Archaeologically, individuals with when PBMCs were exposed first to prematurely fused sutures are leprosy lysates and sequentially (day 2) plentiful, excepting those with to plague lysates (LP/YP vs YP/YP). trigonocephaly. When coupled with the When PBMCs were exposed to leprosy fact that clinical descriptions are lysates (day 1) and then re-exposed to limited to late fetal-early postnatal leprosy lysates (LP/LP) they expressed stages, this leaves knowledge of later-

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Abstracts stage growth changes unknown. We Causative factors resulting in hypothesize that shape changes seen in trigonocephaly are obscure. the face of trigonocephalics are driven Consideration of endocranial shape, by anterior brain malformations and along with the results above, supports that with growth this results in a suggestions that brain malformations cascading series of morphological may underlie the complex changes in the face that spare the nasal trigonocephalic phenotype. capsule. Impact of gestational alcohol exposure A trigonocephalic skull deriving from on offspring glucose availability. Santa Rosa Island (CA-SRI-24: 1500- 1650 AD) and housed at UC Berkeley MEGAN DUNCANSON1, 2, CAITLIN (PHMA) was compared to 43 skulls GAMBRELL1 and RACHEL E. NEAL1. from the Institute for Craniofacial 1Dept of Environmental and Study, UOP. Developmental ages of 8.0 Occupational Health Sciences, School years and 6.0-8.0 years ±24 months of Public Health & Information were assessed for the trigonocephalic Sciences, University of Louisville, and normal skulls, respectively. Louisville, 2 Dept of Anthropology, Landmark data comprise 93 points University of Louisville. collected from normal skulls with a Despite public health campaigns Microscribe 3D digitizer and from a CT alcohol consumption persists in ~8% of scan of the trigonocephalic using pregnancies. The most common Amira 5.5. Facial shape was explored developmental impairment due to using Principal Components Analysis gestational alcohol exposure is on Procrustes-aligned shape variables. intrauterine growth retardation and Metric and geometric morphometric low birth weight. In the current study, analyses confirm that the nasal capsule we tested whether administration of is essentially normal. Alternatively, alcohol [2g/kg/day, (E2); 6g/kg/day, significant narrowing and wedging of (E6); with isocaloric maltodextrin the frontal result in increased frontal administered to the pair-fed control and orbital heights, demonstrating groups of sprague-dawley rats, PF2 compensatory changes in the anterior and PF6 respectively] on gestation day cranial fossa and lateral face, 6 (GD6) through GD19 would alter respectively. Upper facial elongation is offspring glucose production and associated with an increased breadth of storage during postnatal development. the lower face, while lower face length Our study ties into the Barker shows only slight involvement. hypothesis, which states that hostile

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Abstracts intrauterine conditions are correlated Anthropology, University of Northern with low birth weight as well as Colorado. chronic conditions later in life. At We test the null hypothesis of no PD80, all offspring maintained post- change in diet, evidenced by oral weaning on a high fat diet exhibited health, at Karystos, Greece from the increased serum glucose levels, Classical to the Early Roman Period. To decreased hepatic glycogen stores, and test this hypothesis, dental caries, decreased hepatic fructose-1, 6- abscesses, and premortem tooth loss bisphosphatase activity. At PD80, E6 were recorded in 106 skeletons. Sixty- offspring maintained on a low fat diet four individuals had teeth for exhibited increased hepatic glycogen observation of dental caries, while only content. In contrast, maintenance post 60 had mandibles or maxillae to assess weaning on a high fat diet resulted in abscessing and premortem loss. elevated fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase Statistically significant differences activity in the E6 group as well as (Kolmogorov-Smirnov) in age suppressed hepatic glycogen content in distributions between all samples made the E6 and PF6 groups. In summary, direct comparisons of prevalence high dosage gestational alcohol unwise. Thus, odds ratios were exposure predisposes mature offspring calculated for variation in oral health maintained on a high fat diet to through time, while controlling for age. dysregulation of glucose production Odds ratios indicate that oral health and storage. This dysregulation may be improved from the Classical to the tipping point for a variety of Hellenistic periods (7.46 higher risk of chronic metabolic disorders. The caries and 1.14 higher odds of extrapolation of animal model data abscessing in the Classical than the combined with epidemiological studies Hellenistic period), but declined into underscores the importance of human the Early Roman period (6.8 higher intrauterine conditions in relation to odds of dental caries, 5.5 higher odds of physiological adaptations with long- abscessing, and 4.77 times higher risk term health consequences for exposed of premortem tooth loss in the Early offspring. Roman than the Hellenistic period). These results do not support the null Dietary change following social hypothesis, but correlate well with the transition at Karystos, Greece. agricultural progression of Karystos. SEAN FIELD1 and BRITNEY KYLE Karystos was primarily an agricultural McILVAINE1. 1Department of village consisting of several dozen

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Abstracts small farmsteads during the Classical minimally invasive solution for the period, at which time Karystos collection of blood. However, little established colonies throughout the research has been conducted to address Mediterranean, possibly receiving important methodological questions tribute from these colonies. During the such as how biomarker results Roman period, Karystos transitioned to obtained from DBS are affected by the larger plantation farming, and became number of freeze-thaw cycles, sample a major food supplier to Athens. This extraction point (i.e., punch location may have resulted in lower quality diet used within the DBS), storage for the local populous. The impacts of conditions (-20C or -80C), length of social change on food quality will be drying time, blood spot size, and single discussed. vs. double drop collection. In order to address this, we designed a biomarker This research was supported by the validation sub-study of the World University of Northern Colorado’s (UNC) Health Organization’s Study on global Undergraduate Research Stipend and Summer Support Initiative awarded to AGEing and adult health (SAGE) that McIlvaine. evaluated the effects of these factors on the measured concentration of C- Methodological considerations for the reactive protein (CRP). Specifically, we use of dried blood spot samples in collected DBS samples from 9 adults population-based research. and tested the effects of the following factors on CRP measurement: 1) drying TYLER E. FORDING1, GEETA EICK1, time (4hrs, 8hrs and overnight); 2) PAUL R. KOWAL2,3, J. JOSH number of freeze-thaw cycles (2, 4 and SNODGRASS1 and KIRSTIN N. 8 cycles); 3) punch location (inner vs. STERNER1. 1Department of outer region of the spot); 4) storage Anthropology University of Oregon, conditions; and 5) drop collection 2World Health Organization, Geneva, technique. Preliminary results suggest Switzerland, 3University of Newcastle that CRP concentrations of inner Research Centre on Gender, Health, punches are 19% less concentrated than and Ageing, Newcastle. outer punches. Identifying the effects of different DBS card processing Collection of high quality biological conditions on downstream biomarker samples represents a limiting factor in assays has important implications for large scale, cross-cultural studies of their use in cross-cultural studies of human health. These limitations make human health and aging. dried blood spots (DBS) an ideal and

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Abstracts

Support: NIH R01-AG034479; University cortisol averaged 0.701 ±0.437 µg/dL of Oregon. compared to 0.724 ±0.581 µg/dL for women without (p=0.41); these Pasmo in the postpartum: Are there differences were not significant. differences in cortisol and nutrients of Similar analyses were conducted for the milk from Filipino women with milk fat, sugars, protein and energy – and without a culturally bound we found no differences in milk syndrome associated with postpartum nutrients by maternal pasmo status. stress? These findings show that the culturally CHRISTIAN FREEMAN1, JAMIE bound syndrome of pasmo, as a HARKEY1, ISABELITA DUAZO2 and condition associated with perceived E.A. QUINN1. 1Department of maternal stress, does not impact milk Anthropology, Washington University cortisol levels or nutrients. Previous in St. Louis, 2Office of Population research has shown that infant Studies, University of San Carlos. temperament can be affected when exposed to biologically active Many women report considerable components in milk (such as cortisol). stress during the postpartum period These findings are important because and frequently report concerns about this is the first clear evidence showing psychosocial stress altering milk no effect on perceived stress and composition. All adults can experience cortisol in milk. While pasmo is not a culturally bound syndrome known as postpartum depression as PPD is pasmo, which may be a culturally understood in the United States, these appropriate way of expressing findings do suggest that conditions postpartum depression when occurring associated with perceived maternal in the postpartum period. Milk samples stress may not influence milk cortisol were collected using standard or nutrients. protocols and frozen immediately. We Funding is provided by NSF DISH 107- investigated the association between 13428, Washington University Office of pasmo and human milk cortisol levels Undergraduate Research and the in 104 women from Cebu, Philippines. Washington University Anthropology Milk samples were analyzed using a Department. modified commercially available EIA kit. ANOVA was used to test for Sodium hypochlorite differences in milk cortisol and decontamination of pulverized nutrients in women with and without skeletal samples. pasmo. For women with pasmo, milk

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Abstracts

BENJAMIN GILG1 and GRACIELA S. and subjected to bleach treatments of CABANA1. 1Molecular Anthropology varied durations. Extractions were Laboratory, Department of amplified and analyzed for the Anthropology, University of presence of contaminating human Tennessee, Knoxville. DNA as well as endogenous pig or cow DNA. Results indicate that Contaminant DNA continues to be of pulverization prior to bleach treatment significant concern in validating does remove exogenous DNA ancient and forensic DNA studies. One contaminants, but with great loss of method of addressing the problem of endogenous DNA. We therefore contaminant DNA is to pre-treat recommend that pulverization prior to skeletal remains with sodium bleach treatment should be conducted hypochlorite (bleach), which is capable only when all other decontamination of breaking down DNA. Although options have failed. multiple decontamination protocols using sodium hypochlorite exist, there This research was funded by a William M. is no consensus on which particular Bass Endowment through the Department method is optimal. In 2007, Malmström of Anthropology, University of Tennessee, and colleagues proposed a relatively Knoxville. extreme protocol that involved soaking pulverized bone and tooth samples in a Captive female bonobos (Pan 0.5% sodium hypochlorite solution. paniscus) tend to be more social The authors claimed this method during tool use than males. removed 99% of contaminant DNA DANIEL M. GOODKIN-GOLD1, while only losing 77% of endogenous COLIN M. BRAND1, KLAREE J. DNA. BOOSE1, FRANCES J. WHITE1 and This study evaluates the efficacy of this AUDRA MEINELT2. 1Department of protocol via a comparison to a standard Anthropology, University of Oregon, 6% sodium hypochlorite soak of whole 2Columbus Zoo and Aquarium, (i.e., non-pulverized) remains. Bone Columbus. and tooth remains from pig (S. scrofa) Tool use occurs in several non-human and cow (B. taurus) were purposely species, including primates. Within the contaminated with human DNA via genus Pan, chimpanzees (P. troglodytes) extensive handling. Then, samples exhibit tool use both in the wild and in were either pulverized (as described by captivity. Tool use in bonobos (P. Malmström et al. 2007) or kept whole pansiscus) has been documented in (as described by Kemp and Smith 2005)

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Abstracts captivity and is suggested to occur in Comparison of measures of inter- the wild. Recent comparative studies individual affiliation among ring- on chimpanzees and gorillas propose tailed lemurs (Lemur catta). that social tolerance may facilitate the LESLIE E. GOTUACO1, COLIN M. acquisition of tool use behavior in great BRAND1, COLIN G. OLIVEIRA1, apes. We previously reported that KATHRYN ORTIZ2, TIM KEITH captive bonobos use tools in smaller LUCAS3 and FRANCES J. WHITE1. social groups than gorillas and 1Department of Anthropology, chimpanzees suggesting that number University of Oregon, 2Department of of neighbors does not play an integral Anthropology, University of Texas - role in tool use acquisition in bonobos. Austin, 3Department of Psychology, Here we investigate sex and age University of the South. differences in these small social groups. Data were collected on 39 days Primatologists use a number of between June and August 2011. behavioral measures to assess patterns Subjects were 16 bonobos housed at the of affiliation and aggressions in groups Columbus Zoo and Aquarium, where of primates. These patterns can, an artificial termite mound was placed however, vary greatly within a species in their outdoor exhibit and baited on a with behavioral context. Lemurs, for daily basis. All-occurrences of tool use example, are well known for the at the mound and individuals present importance of context in the variation were video-taped and coded. Party of aggression in feeding and non- size and composition were later feeding contexts as seen in both female determined for each fishing bout. dominance and female feeding priority. Females fished in larger groups This study examined whether there are (avg.=1.8 individuals) than males also variations in affiliation between (avg.=1.3 individuals) (n=9, F=4.38, feeding and non-feeding contexts. One p<0.05). While there was no difference of these measures, grooming, is widely between adult and subadult males, accepted as a mechanism for social adult females fished in significantly bonding, but it is not an appropriate larger groups than subadult females measure for affiliation during feeding. (n=5, F=26.03, p < 0.0001). These results We therefore used co-feeding as a support previous knowledge of bonobo measure of affiliation during feeding. sociality in that females are more We then used a non-parametric socially cohesive and males tend to be multivariate statistical comparison to more solitary. see if the patterns of affiliation are consistent between these two contexts.

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Abstracts

We studied a group of semi-free- section. This research uses proven ranging ring-tailed lemurs on St. methods to add to the knowledge base Catherine’s Island, Georgia and created by O’Rourke and Crawford’s collected 188 hours of behavioral data. 1976 study, and the on-going debate of Observations used focal animal sexual dimorphism. The hypotheses of sampling and all occurrence sampling this study predict inequalities in both of social behavior. We calculated quantitative and qualitative traits indices for grooming and co-feeding between male and female dentitions for all possible pairs of individuals. A indicating potentially statistically Mantel test was used to determine the significant levels of sexual dimorphism. correlation between the two affiliative Results show that the Buccolingual measures. We found a significant (BL) of M2 on the lower right side, the correlation between our measures (r = Mesiodistal (MD) of M1 on the lower 0.7509, t = 8.635, p < 0.0001). These right side, BL of M1 on the lower left results demonstrate that affiliation side, and the MD of M2 on the upper patterns seen in non-feeding contexts right side were dimorphic. As well as are consistent with affiliation during double shoveling of I2 on the upper feeding. right side, the size of CUSP 5 of M1 on the upper right side, and the size of Dental variation within the Tlaxcala CUSP 5 of M2 on the lower right and population: A quantitative and left side. Understanding differing qualitative analysis for sexual levels of sexual dimorphism in this dimorphism. population will enrich our overall understanding of human variation, VANESSA GRAVES. Central Michigan while becoming a reference for bio- University. archaeological analyses of ancestral This paper investigates the presence of populations and/or current forensic sexual dimorphism within a twentieth- cases. century sample from San Pablo, O’Rourke, D.H., and M.H. Crawford. descendants of the sixteenth-century Odontometric Analysis of Four Tlaxcaltecan population, using dental Tlaxcaltecan Communities. The anthropological methods. Fifty-one Tlaxcaltecans: Prehistory, dental casts were examined, using Demography, Morphology, and conventional odontometric methods Genetics, edited by Michael H. and the ASUDAS scoring system Crawford. Lawrence: University of dividing the study into two parts; a Kansas, 1976. quantitative section and qualitative

28 AAPA COMMITTEE ON DIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 6-8 pm, Wednesday March 25th, 2015

Abstracts

The rarest of the rare: World variation (34/2987; 1.14%) than South America of Uto-Aztecan premolars. (4/646; 0.62%). In North America, the trait was most prevalent in samples CALLIE L. GREENHAW1, AMANDA east of the Mississippi (7/364; 1.92%), R. HARVEY1, G. RICHARD SCOTT1 followed by Mesoamerica (4/233; and CHRISTY G. TURNER II2. 1.71%), the American Southwest 1Department of Anthropology, (20/1680; 1.19%), California (2/182; University of Nevada, 2School of 1.1%), and Northwest Coast (1/228; Human Evolution and Social Change, 0.4%). In South America, it was most Arizona State University. frequent in the west (3/374; 0.80%). Uto-Aztecan premolars are The trait is not exclusive to Uto- characterized by the distobuccal Aztecan speakers as the name implies, rotation of the paracone and presence but it is not randomly distributed. The of a fossa at the intersection of the trait is concentrated in American distal occlusal ridge and distal Indians. Interestingly, it was not marginal ridge. Initially, the trait was observed in Eskimo-Aleut or Asian associated with Uto-Aztecan speakers populations who otherwise show in the American Southwest, but numerous parallels with American researchers have noted rare Indian tooth morphology. appearances in other Amerind groups in North and South America. From Assessment of food use in wild data collected by C.G. Turner II, Otolemur crassicaudatus using fecal descriptive statistics were calculated analyses: Implications for for samples throughout the world. understanding ecology and health. Observations were made on 7279 ALYCIA E. A. HALL1, SYDNEY D. individuals, with 40 individuals JOHNSON1, FRANK P. CUOZZO1, expressing the trait. Uto-Aztecan MICHELLE L. SAUTHER2, ADRIAN premolars were most common in TORDIFFE3 and KRISTA D. FISH4. American Indian populations (38/3633; 1Department of Anthropology, 1.05%). The trait was also found in University of North Dakota, single individuals from Kodiak Island, 2Department of Anthropology, Alaska and Australia. In the Turner University of Colorado, 3National database, there were no European, Zoological Gardens of South Africa, Northeast Asian, Southeast Asian, or 4Department of Anthropology, Pacific occurrences. In New World Colorado College. populations, Uto-Aztecan premolars were more common in North America

29 AAPA COMMITTEE ON DIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 6-8 pm, Wednesday March 25th, 2015

Abstracts

Galagos are among the World’s least samples indicates that during the studied primates. In 2013 a challenging winter season, this comprehensive study on the ecology, population of > 1kg strepsirrhine biology, and behavior of the galago primate utilizes social insects as a began at the Lajuma Research Center, common food source. These data Limpopo Province, South Africa. As illustrate how a combined dental part of this broader study, dental and ecology approach, combining health, health analyses of the thick-tailed dental and ecological analyses, can bushbabies (Otolemur crassicaudatus) at provide a more detailed understanding Lajuma (n=23) indicate a pattern of of the ecology and behavior of tis frequently broken maxillary canines lesser-studied primate species. (>90%), each with accompanying decay and apical abscesses, with males and Skeletal 2nd/4th proximal hand females displaying an equal frequency phalangeal length ratios are (> 90%) of this pathology. Previous associated with facial proportions in wild studies suggest that this primate adult males. species frequently uses gums as a BRIANNA HOFFMANN and ROBERT winter food source, often requiring an G. FRANCISCUS. Department of individual to gouge tree bark to access Anthropology, University of Iowa. the gums. We tested this hypothesis by collecting Otolemur fecal samples (n = Studies have demonstrated the effects 11) between July 24 and 29, 2014 to of the prenatal environment on growth assess this population's feeding ecology in the digits of the hand and facial and the foods items consumed. Fecal development in humans. The ratio of analyses were conducted by AAH and the second and fourth digit ratios is SDJ. Among the foods present in these inversely related to prenatal fecal samples were seeds, bark, and testosterone (PT) levels in utero and is most surprising, ant exoskeletons sexually dimorphic, with lower ratios (Family Formicidae). The presence of in men (higher PT levels) and higher bark in the Lajuma fecal samples ratios in females (lower PT levels). indicates gum feeding and suggests This ratio has been linked to facial that the use of the stout maxillary development in male adults and canines to gouge tree limbs in order to subadults, with the association of access gums leads to the high wider faces and lower digit length frequency of canine damage in this ratios demonstrated through the study population. The surprisingly high of soft tissue measures, using frequency of ant remains in these fecal standardized facial photographs and

30 AAPA COMMITTEE ON DIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 6-8 pm, Wednesday March 25th, 2015

Abstracts scans of the hand. Other research has Terrestrial and arboreal environments used the ratio of second and fourth present different locomotive challenges hand proximal phalangeal (PP) length, for non-human primates. This study highly correlated with digit length, as a focuses on interpreting how those means of predicting the social challenges impact the degree of behaviors of extinct hominin species. proximal facet concavity of the hallux However, the association between digit in New World and Old World ratio and face shape has not been monkeys. The study uses investigated using skeletal remains. measurements of halluces from 34 This study explores the relationship monkeys (Alouatta, Cebus, Lagothrix, between 2PP:4PP ratios and facial Cercopithecus, Macaca. Miopithecus, and width and height using skeletal Papio) stored at the University of material of modern adult males. Digit Oregon, and 2 (Macaca and Saimiri) at ratios were calculated from the second Central Washington University, using and fourth proximal phalanges (PPs) of both traditional caliper methods and a the right hand, while measures of MicroScribe three-dimensional bizygomatic breadth and nasion- digitizer. For the MicroScribe data I prosthion height were used to recorded nine landmarks, five on the determine facial height and facial proximal articular surface and four on width. Preliminary results support the the distal. Caliper measurements hypothesis that lower 2PP:4PP ratios followed Marchi (2010). Monkey are related to both absolutely and species were placed into four relatively wider faces in males. Our locomotor groups from least to most results also provide a baseline from arboreal. Regressions of MicroScribe which to further explore these data principal component scores from developmental dynamics and various EVAN’s Toolbox (Phillips et al. 2010). social implications in fossil hominins. Locomotion alone was significant, however size was a confounding This research was supported by the Iowa variable. There was a significant Center for Undergraduate Research. correlation for locomotion and monkey size class combined (F(9, 28) =27.64, Metatarsal variation in morphology of p<0.001, R2 =92.90, R2 Adjusted = the hallux in non-human primates. 89.54) Size was the primary DANIEL JAGER. Department of explanation for this variation, when Anthropology, Central Washington looked at separately (F(7, 29)=26.40 University. p<0.001, R2=89.36, R2 Adjusted = 85.98). While the results of my study do

31 AAPA COMMITTEE ON DIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 6-8 pm, Wednesday March 25th, 2015

Abstracts show a difference between monkeys Allegheny County that can be used for with extremely curved proximal future investigations. articular surfaces and those with a A total of 147 cases were collected for flatter surface, it was difficult to all aqueous deaths in the county. correlate it to locomotion alone. The Variables were separated into two relationship between the relative categories; demographic data and river flatness of the surface and allometry dynamics. Of the 147 original cases, 80 needs to be further explored. (230 cases were complete for the words) demographic data and river Funding Provided by the Ronald E. determination of where the remains McNair Postbaccalaureate Undergraduate were found. Of these 80, only 26 had Program. complete data sets for the temperature and preservation aspect of this study. Fluvial transport of human remains in the Three Rivers of Allegheny Analysis shows that most victims are County, PA. between 20 and 49 years, comprising 37.5% of the 80 victims. The younger SARA M. KROPP. Department of age ranges suffer from more accidents, Sociology, Anthropology, and which decrease with age. Suicides Gerontology, Youngstown State increase with the age. A Chi-square University. analysis was performed in SPSS for sex and manner of death, age range related Over the years, studies of fluvial to manner of death, and condition of transport of human remains have been preservation and length of time in conducted on a variety of different river. No significant differences were rivers. This study uses the fluvial discovered. No further analysis could model from Bassett et al. (2002) and be made for transportation as there was applies it to the Allegheny, no data available for any of the 80 Monongahela, and Ohio Rivers in viable cases for this study. Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. The aim is to create a database of river victims, analyze time and distance Assessing error in dental measurements: A comparison of resin human remains travel as well as any and plaster casts to dental enamel. relationship between these factors, and also to create a model of fluvial NATASHA LIPTAK1, AMELIA R. transport for the three rivers of HUBBARD1 and GIUSEPPE VERCELLOTTI2. 1Department of

32 AAPA COMMITTEE ON DIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 6-8 pm, Wednesday March 25th, 2015

Abstracts

Sociology and Anthropology, Wright calculate t-values using a 95% State University, 2Department of confidence interval. Anthropology, Ohio State University. Preliminary results from a sub-sample The present study examines error rates of the eighty specimens indicate that in the measurement of dental breadth there was no significant difference in (buccolingual dimensions) on dental buccolingual measurements between enamel as opposed to resin and plaster both casting materials and the real casts. Previous research comparing teeth. While plaster casts were plaster casts to real teeth has shown generally easier to measure than resin little difference between buccolingual casts (due to opacity and texture), both measurements. Due to the growing use materials are otherwise comparable of resin casts by anthropologists, real when collecting odontometric data. teeth and plaster cast measurements These results suggest that either are also compared to resin cast material is well suited for accurate measurements for the purpose of this measurements of dental breadth. study. Scaling relationships among sacral Measurements of forty canines and and pelvic articular surfaces in forty first molars representing anterior hominoid primates. and posterior teeth, respectively, were collected from a modern Italian sample. INGRID LUNDEEN. Department of Dental impressions were made using a Anthropology, University of Michigan. high-resolution polyvinyl siloxane The relationship between relative joint compound (Affinis), commonly used size and positional behavior in by dental anthropologists because of its hominoid primates has received dimensional stability. Casts were made considerable attention, particularly of gypsum plaster (Denstone) and an with respect to the roles that epoxy resin (Epofix). Each buccolingual orthogrady and bipedalism play in dimension was recorded five times joint size. Bipedality causes greater consecutively using Hillson- forces to be applied to hindlimb joints; Fitzergerald calipers, and all hence bipedal primates are expected to measurements were averaged to respond with increases in pelvic joint minimize intraobserver error. size. Following Kieser (1990), a paired t-test was used to compare measurements This study compared the scaling taken on real teeth and each cast to relationships among acetabular diameter, sacral body surface area, and

33 AAPA COMMITTEE ON DIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 6-8 pm, Wednesday March 25th, 2015

Abstracts auricular surface area for extant (Pongo across the sacroiliac joint in bipeds, and pygmaeus[n=12], Gorilla gorilla[n=26], this should be the subject of future Pan troglodytes[n=35], Homo investigations. sapiens[n=38]) and extinct (Australopithecus afarensis[n=1], Differences in grooming behavior and Australopithecus africanus[n=2], Homo nearest neighbor spacing distances of erectus[n=2], Homo heidelbergensis[n=1]) male and female adult olive baboons taxa. Sex-specific data were log (Papio anubis) in Tarangire National transformed and examined using least- Park. squares regression. Results confirm RISA LUTHER. Department of that bipedal primates exhibit relatively Anthropology, Macalester College. large pelvic joints. Among living hominoids, all three joints scale closely Within many primate species, with body mass, although acetabular especially baboons, a complex and diameter has the highest r-squared well-developed social structure is in value (0.993). For a given acetabular place where rank and social status of diameter, humans have a relatively an individual impacts their overall large sacral body area compared to fitness. In baboons, females remain in nonhuman hominoids and early their matrilocal troop and males often australopiths. This corroborates the emigrate multiple times throughout hypothesis that increases in hindlimb their lifetime. These living joint size preceded increases in arrangements place high value on vertebral body area among bipedal social behaviors, such as social hominins. grooming, and social interaction in the troop among females. It is therefore Auricular surface area also correlates expected that adult female baboons strongly with acetabular diameter (r- will spend more time in social squared=0.967). However, some grooming and close physical contact hominins (KNM-ER 3228, H. erectus; with others, and less time in auto- SH1, H. heidelbergensis) have a smaller grooming than adult males. To test auricular surface area than expected for these hypotheses, behavioral their acetabular diameter. BSN49/P27, observations were conducted on a possible female H. erectus, does not opportunistically found troops of Papio follow this pattern of a having a small anubis over 23 days in Tarangire auricular surface. Soft tissue structures National Park, Tanzania. Group scans such as ligamentous reinforcements of grooming were conducted, and adult may play a role in mitigating loading male and female baboons were

34 AAPA COMMITTEE ON DIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 6-8 pm, Wednesday March 25th, 2015

Abstracts randomly selected for focal follow Grive-Saint-Alban and Lufeng- observations. The scan samples showed Shihuiba) preserve definitive evidence adult females social grooming nine of more than two sympatric primate percent more than males and males species. Rudabánya, Hungary is a 10 spent three percent more time auto- million year old fossil locality with a grooming. In focal follow data only sympatric hominoid and pliopithecoid, small differences in time allocation Rudapithecus hungaricus and were observed, but followed trends Anapithecus hernyaki, respectively. Two similar to the data of the scan samples. specimens of Anapithecus differ in Due to female matrilocal tendencies, aspects of molar size and shape from these trends were expected; females the other Anapithecus specimens, put time and energy into social suggesting that there may be more than grooming to preserve their rank. Social one species of pliopithecoid grooming has less of an impact among represented at Rudabánya. To address males, but remains necessary to this possibility, we tested the null develop friendships (impacting rank) hypothesis that metrical variation in and consorts. Variability in their rank is the pliopithecoid molar sample does impacted by immigration and not exceed the variation of a emigration which predicted a higher comparative extant primate sample. display of auto-grooming. We collected odontometric data from occlusal photographs of Rudabánya Pliopithecoid species number at the pliopithecoid molars (n=29) and from a Late Miocene fossil locality of comparative sample of four catarrhine Rudabánya, Hungary. species (Cercopithecus aethiops, Gorilla beringei, Hylobates lar, and Pan FAYE MCGECHIE1, HALSZKA troglodytes). We used these data to GLOWACKA1, LUCAS K. DELEZENE2 compare variation in six dental metrics and DAVID R. BEGUN3. 1Institute of between fossil and extant samples, Human Origins, School of Human resulting in 24 comparisons. We Evolution and Social Change, Arizona resampled the comparative data with State University, 2Department of 1000 iterations at the sample size of the Anthropology, University of Arkansas, fossil sample and compared the 3Department of Anthropology, coefficient of variation between the University of Toronto. fossil and extant samples. The null Within-site primate diversity was low hypothesis was rejected in 17 out of 24 during the Miocene (23-5.3 mya) of comparisons (p<0.05). These results Eurasia. Only two Miocene sites (La suggest that the pliopithecoid sample

35 AAPA COMMITTEE ON DIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 6-8 pm, Wednesday March 25th, 2015

Abstracts at Rudabánya may represent more than developed as the juveniles aged. We one species. observed a male and female juvenile from Feb - Aug 2014, and found that Development of social bonds through their preferred play partners were also play among captive juvenile and adult their preferred partners for all other bonobos (Pan paniscus). social interactions, supporting the hypothesis that play is an important LINDSEY M. MEADOR and MONICA component in the creation of social L. WAKEFIELD. Department of bonds. Hinde’s indices demonstrated Sociology, Anthropology, and that both the juvenile and adult Philosophy, Northern Kentucaky partners were equally responsible for University. initiating play interactions (average = Play behavior is common in most social 0.025). This supports the hypothesis species, but usually is primarily a that play provides important social behavior that defines the juvenile life- benefits to adults as well. We discuss history stage and is rare to absent in the potential impacts the social other age groups. Play in bonobos (Pan composition in this captive paniscus) is unusual in that it occurs environment may have on the social throughout all ages. Traditionally, development of the juveniles. researchers thought the primary benefit of play was physical development. An investigation into the lack of However, more recent research climatically-driven variation in suggests that social benefits, such as internal nasal fossa breadth. the creation and maintenance of social ELIZABETH M. MOORE1, ARIELLE E. bonds, may be just as, if not more DENING1, NATHAN E. HOLTON2 important. We explore the social and TODD R. YOKLEY1. 1Department benefits of play in bonobos by of Sociology and Anthropology, examining the development of play Metropolitan State University of relationships in juvenile-adult dyads at Denver, 2Department of Orthodontics, the Cincinnati Zoo. Most studies on University of Iowa. play focus on juvenile-juvenile dyads, but at the Cincinnati Zoo, juveniles are Previous studies have analyzed separated from one another and only variation in recent and fossil human have adults as potential play partners. samples using a series of linear skeletal This provided the unique opportunity measurements, concluding that to observe juvenile-adult interactions populations from cold and/or dry and to measure how the interactions climates have narrower, taller, and

36 AAPA COMMITTEE ON DIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 6-8 pm, Wednesday March 25th, 2015

Abstracts deeper nasal cavities than populations middle and upper portions of the nasal from hot, humid climates. This pattern cavity. has been suggested to reflect a climatological adaptation. However, An interspecific comparison of these studies did not find significant variance in sex-based developmental differences in internal nasal fossa markers. breadth (INFB), defined as the greatest KYLE G. MORLEY, ANDREA R. distance between the lateral walls of ELLER and FRANCES J. the nasal cavity, at the inferior portion WHITE..Department of Anthropology, of the nasal cavity in modern humans. University of Oregon. A methodological issue with measuring INFB is the metric only Sexual dimorphism varies with the measures the widest point of the degree of male-male competition internal nasal cavity. Therefore, INFB among anthropoid primates. Changes may not be a good indicator of the in relative body size of both sexes are average breadth of the nasal cavity well known during ontogeny, but less from anterior to posterior, which is is known about how osteological hypothesized to be physiologically developmental markers vary under relevant for climatic adaptation. To test differing levels of sexual selection. The this hypothesis, we assembled a sample intensity of male-male competition is of CT scans of 25 living humans and, reflected in a species’ body size sex for each individual, measured the ratio: humans (Homo sapiens) have been maximum nasal cavity breadth on each reported to have a 1.2 ratio, while of 100-150 coronal slices spanning the rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) have anterior-posterior extent of the nasal a ratio of 1.6. We predict greater cavity. Using the measured maximum directional selection for larger bodies breadth from each slice we calculated and canine size in macaque males an average nasal cavity breadth and compared to macaque females and compared it to the maximum INFB for humans. We also predict this selection each individual. Regression analysis results in greater growth marker revealed an R2 of .908 indicating that variation among macaque males than INFB is a good reflection of the average in these other groups. breadth of the nasal cavity anterior to We documented dental eruption and posterior. These results do not support epiphyseal fusion in 292 M. mulatta our hypothesis, and suggest that skeletal specimens and compared the selection may be stronger on the data to more than 25,000 individuals

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Abstracts using published human population 1Youngstown State University, 2Kent data. State University. Two-way ANOVAs without replication In Northeast Ohio, there is a lack of were used to test whether species had knowledge regarding threats to similar variation in dental eruption and biodiversity, especially among college fusion time. The two species had students. Having a more significantly different eruption knowledgeable community should variation (males F=33.71, df=15,1, p mean students would be more willing <0.0001; females F=119.06, df =15,1, p to take action regarding conservation. <0.0001) with macaques being more The present study was conducted to variable than humans. The two species evaluate Youngstown State University also had different ranges in fusion time students’ knowledge of non-human (F=7.28, df=13,1, p <0.05) with macaque primates, including threats to them and males being more variable than human conservation efforts to preserve them. males. A 23 question survey was administered The results support our prediction that to two experimental groups (N=55) and macaque males show the greatest one control group (N =23). The variation in these growth trajectory students represented a variety of markers. Interspecies comparisons of different majors (31 in total) and all developmental plasticity such as this class levels. All three groups had class study allow for valuable inferences on lectures by the professor (LRL) and a how growth variation is affected by pre-test and a post-test was sexual selection. administered. The survey focused on knowledge of primates, threats to their Acknowledgements to Andrea Eller for her survival and activities related to guidance, the University of Oregon, conservation. In addition, a student (JM University of California at Davis, and and AS) presented 12 minute lecture Caribbean Primate Research Center for the use of their skeletal collections in addition focused on primate conservation was to my family, friends, and colleagues for all given to the experimental groups. their support through my research. Post-test results between the experimental and control groups show Examination of primate conservation significant differences regarding knowledge amongst college students. interest in conservation. Interest in JESSICA MORRIS1, ANDREW conservation was 19% higher in the SKRINYER2 and LOREN R. LEASE1. experimental groups after the student

38 AAPA COMMITTEE ON DIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 6-8 pm, Wednesday March 25th, 2015

Abstracts presentation on primate conservation, well as height-related vigilance in contrast to the control group with patterns in adult males, and patterns of only professor instruction. Also of non-foraging behaviors in juveniles. interest is divided along college lines, Juveniles spent a higher percentage of data show STEM students were more scan samples at levels closer to the knowledgeable but less interested in ground than other age/sex classes (i.e., primate conservation, while non-STEM 20.71% vs 9.11% for adult females and students were less knowledgeable but 14.10% for adult males), and while on more interested in the subject. the ground, they were engaged exclusively in foraging behavior. Males This study shows a need for a exhibited vigilance behavior more conservation General Education often lower to the ground (16.67%) Couarse (GER) at the freshman level at than higher in the canopy (1.52%). This Youngstown State University. finding differs from some accounts in the literature that show a correlation Spatial height preferences across between vigilance and the detection of age/sex classes in wild Cebus extra-troop conspecifics. The results of Capucinus at Estacion Biologica La this study suggest that much variability Suerte, Costa Rica. may exist in capuchin height CODY MOSER. Florida State preferences, with effects from age/sex University. class, possible sources of terrestrial predation such as snakes or dogs, Understanding heights utilized by seasonality factors such as an individual primates in the rainforest abnormally long period of rain during canopy has the potential to yield new the wet season, and demographic shifts information regarding the evolution of occurring in the social group beginning risky behavior amongst separate with the disappearance of the alpha age/sex classes. A social group of male and a recent birth in the troop various-aged white-faced capuchins that may have caused individuals to be (Cebus capucinus) (N=24) was observed wary of human observers. in northeastern Costa Rica. By splitting the rainforest canopy into five Robusticity in the axial skeleton: An multiple-meter sections and taking example of the rib. individual instantaneous scan samples, assessments were made on the MICHELLE MURACH, STEPHEN H. differences between height preference SCHLECHT and AMANDA M. and age/sex classes in the troop, as

39 AAPA COMMITTEE ON DIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 6-8 pm, Wednesday March 25th, 2015

Abstracts

AGNEW. Department of indicate that slender ribs have less bone Anthropology, Ohio State University. tissue and less resistance to bending, as has been shown in long bones of the Skeletal robusticity, (total cross- extremities, but may be affected sectional area relative to bone length) differently by body size than reflects the biological relationship appendicular bones. Regardless, robust between longitudinal growth and bones having a functional advantage transverse expansion. Many have over slender bones is consistent found robusticity to covary with throughout the skeleton. Future several morphological traits (e.g., analyses will incorporate whole bone cortical area) and tissue-level bending stiffness and tissue-level properties (e.g., cortical tissue mineral properties as a source of functional density) throughout the appendicular compensation. skeleton. These traits play a critical role in determining whole bone stiffness Relationship between birth weight, and strength, a direct reflection of the age at menarche, and progesterone bone’s ability to functionally adapt to levels in adolescent girls. its loading environment. However, the relationship among traits has yet to be RACHEL OGDEN, MARY P. ROGERS investigated in the axial skeleton. We and KATHRYN CLANCY. Department used the rib to preliminarily explore of Anthropology, University of Illinois, how these traits associate among one Urbana-Champaign. another. Cross-sectional images from Several studies have found a positive midshaft of ribs 4-6 from 40 individuals association between birth size (9 females, 31 males) between 17-48 measures (e.g. birth weight, ponderal years of age were analyzed to obtain index) and age at menarche, and total area (Tt.Ar), cortical area (Ct.Ar) between birth size measures and adult and section modulus (Z). Curve Length ovarian hormone levels. Few studies, (Cr.Le) was used as a proxy for bone however, have investigated the length in calculations of rib robusticity relationship between birth size and (Tt.Ar/Cr.Le). Preliminary results ovarian hormone levels in adolescence. reveal significant (p<0.01), positive Adolescence is a critical developmental relationships between robusticity and period that impacts reproductive Ct.Ar (R2=0.172), Z (R2=0.532), PLEURAL function in adult life. In this study, and Z (R2=0.416) that CUTANEOUS fifty-seven adolescent girls (age 14-17) improve slightly with adjustment for completed a demographic and health age, but not body size. These results survey in which they reported birth

40 AAPA COMMITTEE ON DIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 6-8 pm, Wednesday March 25th, 2015

Abstracts weight and age at menarche (in years). LOUISE HUMPHREY4, ELAINE The average age at menarche was 12.4 TURNER5 and CARA M. WALL- years (SD 1.33); the range of birth SCHEFFLER1,6. 1Department of weights was 1.077-4.706 kg. Twenty- Biology, Seattle Pacific University, one of the surveyed subjects collected 2INSAP, Morocco, 3School of saliva on each day of one full Archaeology, Oxford University, 4Earth menstrual cycle from which we Sciences Division, British Museum of obtained salivary progesterone levels. Natural History, 5Archaeological Progesterone is an ovarian hormone Research Centre, MONREPOS, that is important for reproductive 6Department of Anthropology, function, and it has been shown to have University of Washington. a negative association with age at A useful means of assessing the menarche. We investigated the effects emergence of modern human behavior of birth weight on age at menarche and comes from the reconstruction of progesterone levels, hypothesizing a subsistence strategies: here we look at positive correlation between birth remains of hunted animals in order to weight and age at menarche and a infer diet and behavioral flexibility of negative correlation between birth early modern people. We use weight and progesterone levels. We Ammotragus lervia molar remains found failed to reject the null hypotheses as in Sectors 8 (N=11; 7 had undamaged preliminary results yielded no outer edges) and 10 (N=5) of Taforalt significant correlation between birth cave in Morocco. The teeth from Sector weight and age at menarche or 8 represent the oldest Iberomaurusian between birth weight and adolescent in the Yellow series and continuing up progesterone levels. These results into the base of the Grey; these deposits contradict previous findings in the could be as old as 20,000 years ago. The literature and are an important attempt teeth from Sector 10 are also of in determining the degree to which Iberomarusian age and are associated birth size influences reproductive with a cemetery. factors in adolescence, which can impact reproductive and overall health A. lervia was a primary prey source for outcomes in adulthood. the entire range of populations using Taforalt--as evidenced by its presence Prehistoric use of Ammotragus lervia throughout the assemblages. We used in Taforalt Cave. standard dental cementum analysis to REBECCA L. PEDERSEN1, JALIL determine the season and age of death BOUZOUGGAR2, NICK BARTON3, of this prey animal. In Sector 8, the

41 AAPA COMMITTEE ON DIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 6-8 pm, Wednesday March 25th, 2015

Abstracts majority (70 %) of the hunted sheep variation noted between individuals were prime adults, suggesting a typical and possibly between the sexes. modern-human approach to hunting. Research performed thus far has shown All adults were killed at the transition significant variation in this angular between winter and spring. In Sector 8, trait with females having much higher there is a single late summer angles than males. This paper uses the individual, but it is an old geometric morphometric software (opportunistic?) kill. In Sector 10, 60% TPSDig2 as a new technique for of the specimens were adult, again all evaluating trochlear angles from killed at the winter-spring transition. photographed dry humeri as a possible The only kill occurring in late summer determination of biological sex. The was extremely young, and perhaps sample used is comprised of the right thus opportunistic. Thus, the results and left humeri of 42 individuals (17 from Taforalt suggest extremely female/23 male/2 unsexed subadult) organized and regulated hunting from the archaic population of strategies, from at least 20,000years Windover, Florida. Preliminary results ago. have shown that female left trochlear angles are on average higher than both Analysis of humeral trochlear angles male right and left angles, but are not as possible biological sex statistically significant. Analysis of characteristic in the Archaic Windover asymmetry indicates that both sexes Population. have higher trochlear angles on the left than on the right side. This paper also ALEXA M. PENNAVARIA. evaluates occupational stresses, Department of Anthropology, Florida handedness, and pathologies as State University. possible theories behind why this When crucial parts of skeletal remains difference between the sexes may occur are not present or are too fragmentary, in this archaic population. determining biological sex can be extremely difficult. To solve this Minimal VO2 of women walking problem, recent studies have suggested burdened on gradients in urban alternative methods for determining environments. sex from skeletal remains. One of the MEGAN J. RUE1,2 and PATRICIA A. most promising methods is by using KRAMER2,3. 1Department of the trochlear angle found on the Anthropology, University of humerus. The trochlear angle is of Washington, 2Department of Biology, particular interest due to the dramatic

42 AAPA COMMITTEE ON DIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 6-8 pm, Wednesday March 25th, 2015

Abstracts

University of Washington, With the covariates velocity, burden, 3Department of Orthopaedics and gradient, and gradient squared Sports Medicine, University of included (all p< 0.000), our equation Washington. explains 79% of the variation in VO2 (r2=0.79). Our minimal VO occurs at Oxygen consumption (VO ) increases 2 2 approximately -13.5%, a steeper slope rapidly with increasing velocity, than previous work found. This burden, and incline but the relationship suggests that walking outside on of VO with decline is more complex. 2 naturally occurring hills may be For unburdened conditions and while different than walking on a treadmill in walking at normal velocities, VO is 2 a laboratory. In order to explore this lower on a shallow decline than it is on further, more research on walking a flat surface, but at approximately - outside the laboratory should occur. 10% VO2 is believed to reach a minimum. Beyond -10%, steeper Bioarchaeological analysis of Solcor 3: declines induce higher VO . Whether 2 The impact of differential foreign or not this relationship is similar for connections on biocultural aspects of burdened conditions remains life in the Atacama Oases, North unknown. Chile. In order to understand at which COLTON RUNION1, MARK HUBBE1, 2 gradient the minimal energy and CHRISTINA TORRES-ROUFF2,3. expenditure of walking occurs in 1Department of Anthropology, The burdened and unburdened conditions, Ohio State University, 2Instituto de we assessed the VO2 of ten females Investigaciones Arqueológicas y (ages: 22-40) with a portable Cosmed Museo, Universidad Católica del Norte, 2 K4b device. Participants walked at Chile, 3Department of Anthropology, three self-selected velocities (slow, University of California, Merced. normal, and fast) on five gradients in an urban community setting (0%, +/- The Atacama oases located in Northern 7.5%, +/- 12.4%) burdened (10 kg) and Chile’s arid landscape saw the unburdened. All trials were development of long-term agro- randomized. We performed a linear pastoral societies, which were highly regression controlling for repeated influenced by the Tiwanaku polity measures to determine the best during the Middle Horizon (AD 500- predictive equation for VO2. The first 1000). During this period, the oases derivative of our equation was used to received an increase in overall health find the minimal VO2. and socioeconomic wealth; however, it

43 AAPA COMMITTEE ON DIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 6-8 pm, Wednesday March 25th, 2015

Abstracts is not clear how individual ties to from exchange networks at an foreign cultures shaped their access to interregional level. resources. In this study we examined the association of burial goods from Planning abilities of wild funerary assemblages at Solcor 3, a chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes cemetery with an abundant presence of troglodytes) in tool using contexts. foreign burial offerings and a series of CARLEY SCHLEIEN1, STEPHANIE biocultural markers of lifestyle as MUSGRAVE1, DAVID MORGAN2 and evidenced by stature, dental caries, CRICKETTE SANZ1. 1Department of cranial modification, and trauma. Anthropology, Washington University Burials were sorted into categories in St. Louis, 2Lincoln Park Zoo, depending on the presence of foreign Chicago. burial offerings: Tiwanaku, Foreign, and Local. Prevalence of the biocultural Planning is a type of problem solving markers between them were compared in which an appropriate course of using chi-square and ANOVA tests. action for the future is devised by Results indicate that no significant means of mental computation. differences existed between these Advantages of such skills in tool use categories when stature, trauma, or include conserving effort in gathering cranial modifications are considered (p tools, achieving closer alignment to an > 0.05 for all tests). Caries prevalence is efficient tool design, and increasing significantly lower among the foraging efficiency. Chimpanzees (Pan Tiwanaku Males than Foreign (p=0.02) troglodytes troglodytes) in the Goualougo or Local individuals (p < 0.01), but no Triangle use several tool types to differences are observed among harvest termites, including fishing females. These results suggest that probes, puncturing sticks, and there was differential access to less perforating twigs. Planning behavior cariogenic food items, such as meat, associated with different tool types has between individuals associated with not previously been examined in detail. Tiwanaku offerings and those who We hypothesized that method of were not. However, no other procurement (i.e., brought to the differences were observed in termite nest, gathered at the nest, or susceptibility to violence, social borrowed from others) differed by tool identification (as reflected by cranial type. Also, we predicted that certain modification), or nutritional status, tool types were more likely to be which indicates that these individuals transported in multiples than others. were more likely to have benefited Twenty-five hours of video recording

44 AAPA COMMITTEE ON DIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 6-8 pm, Wednesday March 25th, 2015

Abstracts chimpanzee visits to termite nests were period (~750 – 660 BC). The region in systematically screened for tools which Tombos is situated was under (>1,100 events) and the procurement of Nubian control during the Napatan these artifacts. Most tools brought to period. Our comparative sample from nests were fishing probes, which are Tombos dates to the New Kingdom manufactured from herbaceous period (1550 – 1050 BC), during which material and typically used during a Nubia was colonized by Egypt. single visit. In contrast, a higher Through the analysis of traumatic relative proportion of wooden injuries in skeletal remains we can puncturing tools were acquired at the explore the interaction between two nests. Tools transported to nests in distinct cultures. We analyzed adult multiples were most often fishing crania and limb bones from 30 intact probes, perhaps in anticipation that a burials and commingled remains with single probe might not be viable a MNI of 53. The limb bones and crania throughout an entire foraging bout or were examined for Myositis ossificans, might be transferred to another fractures, and dislocations and were chimpanzee. Mature chimpanzees recorded according to bone type and brought tools to nests more often than side. The Napatan sample injury did immatures. The next step in this frequencies are: Crania - 6.3%, research is to conduct broader Humerus - 4.2%, Radius - 5.9%, Ulna - comparative examinations of planning 12%, Femur - 1.02%, Tibia - 7.8%, in the wild. Fibula - 1.3%. These rates are higher than the New Kingdom sample, which An examination of skeletal injuries at are: Crania – 1.4%, Humerus – 1.4%, Tombos, Sudan: Investigating the Radius – 2.9%, Ulna – 4.9%, Femur – effects of sociopolitical changes on 1.4%, Tibia – 1.6%, Fibula – 1.5%. violent and accidental trauma in Evidence of violence, ascertained via Nubia. cranial injuries and forearm fractures indicates a slight increase in RACHEL SHEA and MICHELE R. interpersonal violence over time at BUZON. Department of Anthropology, Tombos. Additional higher frequencies Purdue University. may be related to the hypothesized This study investigates the rates and change in daily activities and modes of injury through the analysis of subsistence, as indicated by skeletal skeletal remains from the site of markers of activity from the New Tombos at the Third Cataract of the Kingdom Egyptian colonial rule to the Nile in Sudan during the Napatan time Nubian Napatan polity.

45 AAPA COMMITTEE ON DIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 6-8 pm, Wednesday March 25th, 2015

Abstracts

This research was made possible by funding impact athletic performance (ACTN3, from The National Science Foundation. MCT1, HIF1, ADRB2, DIO1-D1a/b, NOS3, PPARGC1A, and ACE). Investigating the accuracy of Additionally, we surveyed the athletes commercially-available genetic and their coaches regarding the athletic tests. athletes’ performance in areas reportedly addressed by the Warrior OLIVIA A. STARICH1, JENNIFER A. Roots test, such as speed, strength, and RAFF1 and DEBORAH A. BOLNICK1,2. endurance. Survey responses and 1Department of Anthropology, professional fight results were University of Texas at Austin, compared both qualitatively and 2Population Research Center, quantitatively with genetic test results University of Texas at Austin. to assess the degree to which an A number of companies market genetic athlete’s genes and training regimen tests claiming to shed light on an affected their performance. individual’s athletic performance We found that genetic test results alone potential. These tests are based on do not predict an athlete’s strongest research that identified polymorphisms and weakest performance factors. that may affect phenotypes related to Survey results and fight outcomes athletic performance, such as muscle reveal that age, training regimen, and strength/development, fatigue levels, diet also matter. Genetic testing and maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2 companies ignore these complexities, max). However, the role of specific instead focusing and capitalizing on genes is still widely debated, and there the genetic factors alone, which is no conclusive evidence supporting contributes to misunderstanding of the the overwhelming influence of any influence of genetics upon athletic particular gene. Therefore, the value of potential. these tests is uncertain. Grant sponsor: University of Texas at To help evaluate the accuracy of claims Austin. made by genetic athletic testing companies, we administered the Telling the whole story: How dental “Athletic Panel” test sold by Warrior microwear texture analysis can add to Roots to four professional mixed the archaeology of the Fort Ancient martial arts athletes from a nationally individuals. recognized training facility. The test analyzed nine genes suggested to

46 AAPA COMMITTEE ON DIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 6-8 pm, Wednesday March 25th, 2015

Abstracts

ABIGAIL L. STONE and KRISTIN L. groups. Foragers are generally smaller, KRUEGER. Department of mobile groups that obtain diverse food Anthropology, Loyola University resources while migrating; this is Chicago. unlike collectors who establish permanent settlements and rely on In 1891, Warren K. Moorehead stationary food resources more than excavated Fort Ancient Native gathering. These results indicate that American skeletal remains from the Fort Ancient individuals sampled Taylor's Mound and Village Site in here may not have relied primarily on a southwestern Ohio. The site consists of maize-based agricultural subsistence an extensive village area with burial strategy. Despite archaeological and mounds and gravel knolls. The skeletal evidence that point to a more archaeological evidence and high permanent, agricultural settlement, this prevalence of dental pathological group may have been more flexible lesions support a reliance on maize- with their diet and, at times, relied based agriculture. Hence, dental more on foraging strategies. microwear texture analysis was expected to directly document this This study was funded by the Loyola subsistence strategy. University Chicago's LUROP Mulcahy Scholars Program. High-resolution dental casts were scanned with a white-light confocal Regional variation in human profiler. One occlusal surface scan was population size and culture in Early taken with a 100x objective lens, and Mid-Holocene Peru. totaling a work area of 204x276 μm. Resultant data from individuals that DELANEY SZTRAICHER, ALEXIS M. preserved microwear (n=8) were MYCHAJLIW, AMY GOLDBERG and characterized using SSFA software ELIZABETH A. HADLY. Department programs and compared to a variety of of Biology, Stanford University. hunter-gatherer and agricultural During the mid-Holocene, Peru was a samples in the DENTALWEAR project center of rapid cultural change, with database. multiple domestication hotspots, Average anisotropy and complexity increased sedentism, and complex values were significantly higher than funerary practices. These complex documented agricultural groups. In processes, particularly their regional fact, the microwear data were most variation in timing and intensity, are similar to documented foraging not well understood. We use

47 AAPA COMMITTEE ON DIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 6-8 pm, Wednesday March 25th, 2015

Abstracts archaeological, climactic, and Paleodietary reconstruction of environmental data to divide Peru into Paraloutta varonai through dental three distinct regions: the coast, wear analysis. highlands and Amazonia. We analyze YESENIA TAVERAS CRUZ and over 900 radiocarbon dates associated SIOBHÁN B. COOKE. Northeastern with human occupation from first Illinois University. colonization more than 12,000 years before present to 2,000 ybp, calibrated Paralouatta varonai is an endemic Cuban in OxCal with the ShCal13 curve. These platyrrhine represented by a nearly data represent the largest compilation complete skull lacking portions of the of C14 dates for the time period and face and anterior dentition. It is one of region to date. We use summed five extinct taxa of Greater Antillean radiocarbon probability densities monkeys. Current literature debates its (SPD), which represent the density of evolutionary relationship as either a radiocarbon dates over time, as a proxy relative of the folivorous genus, for population size to identify inter- Alouatta, or a member of a separate regional movements of people and Greater Antillean clade. The goal of potential barriers to occupation. The this project was to create a molar wear radiocarbon data establishes residence sequence in order to better understand and abandonment patterns of the coast what ecological niche it filled and to and highlands. For the highland region, potentially provide a better we demonstrate a rapid decline in understanding of folivorous behavior population size around 6,500 ybp. We in Alouatta. Molar structures vary correlate the timing of the decline with based on the different proportions of climatic drying and low lake levels. To fruit, leaves, and insects that comprise test whether the decline was due to a the majority of the diet. Folivorous bottleneck or migration, we compare species tend to have large teeth relative the highland SPD to that of the coast. to body size with well-developed Notably, there is a marked increase in shearing, crushing, and grinding while the density of radiocarbon dates along frugivores/omnivores have relatively the coast at the same time, suggesting smaller teeth with poorly developed migration of people from the arid shearing, crushing, and grinding highlands to the marine-resource rich features on their molars. To assist in the coast. The migration hypothesis is explication of dietary niche of P. further supported by evidence of varonai, we reviewed the dental domestication and cultural change topography and molar wear of 33 along the highlands and coast of Peru. molar specimens at various stages of

48 AAPA COMMITTEE ON DIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 6-8 pm, Wednesday March 25th, 2015

Abstracts wear. Using 3D laser scanning, we Participants (n=5) were evaluated in developed 3D models of molars and two trials in which they walked at four collected measurements of the surface different speeds on both a level and areas of the crown, occlusal surface, 12% incline, while their energy and the dentin exposure. We also consumption was monitored; employed a qualitative wear sequence participants identified preferred speeds to examine changes occurring during for each grade at the end of each trial. dental attrition. Dentition was Posterior video data were analyzed to compared with a sample of extinct and determine step width and contact time extant platyrrhines and molar wear using Kinovea software. Stride length patterns were found to differ from was calculated from stride frequency those of the potentially related genus measured during each speed. Alouatta suggesting a non-specialized People were better able to detect their diet as found in Alouatta. optimum speed at the incline. Stride length increased linearly with speed Do kinematics signal energetic nearly identically (slopes 4.5% optimality? Evidence from human different) for both the level (R²=0.93) walking studies. and inclined (R²=0.90) conditions. MAYA N. THETFORD1 and CARA M. Contact time decreased linearly nearly WALL-SCHEFFLER1,2. 1Department of identically (slopes 10.8% different) for Biology, Seattle Pacific University, both the level (R²=0.96) and inclined 2Department of Anthropology, (R²=0.90) conditions. Neither stride University of Washington. length nor contact time showed curvature or other cues as to Previous research has indicated that identifiable optimality. Step width humans have an “optimal” speed (a showed a wide variation between and speed at which cost of transportation is within each participant, with a greater lowest), and that people preferentially coefficient of variation for the incline choose to walk around this speed; condition (21.5% increase) and for however, it is unknown how people speeds away from the optimum (34% at gain the real time feedback necessary to the incline). It is thus possible that determine optimality. Gait kinematics increased variation gives an indication have been indicated as a potential of energetic cost while walking. feedback mechanism and here we evaluate energy and kinematics on Comparing visitor effect in a mixed humans walking at multiple inclines. species enclosure.

49 AAPA COMMITTEE ON DIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 6-8 pm, Wednesday March 25th, 2015

Abstracts

ANNA VILLANYI and AMANDA linked effects. The saki monkeys MELIN. Department of Anthropology, showed an increase of use of the Washington University in St. Louis. highest spaces with increasing visitor presence. This may imply greater The purpose of this research is to sensitivity to visitor presence in saki compare how visitor presence affects monkeys than in tamarins. The the space use and behavior of different difference between species could also primate species. This study was be confounded by the small sample conducted at the St. Louis Zoo on an size of two tamarins, one of which was indoor mixed-species group of four hand-reared and shows more human white-faced saki monkeys (Pithecia centric behavior. pithecia) and two golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia). Scan sampling Introduction to a Kinda Baboon at five-minute intervals was used to (Papio kindae) study site and study record the height, distance from glass, group. and behavior of each animal as well as the number, volume level, and EMILY R. WALCO1 and ANNA H. interaction level of human visitors. The WEYHER1,2. 1Department of number of visitors was highly Anthropology, Washington University correlated with the sound level in in St. Louis, 2Kasanka Baboon Research decibels (ρ= 0.66) and with the Project. interaction level (T= 0.72) with a The Kasanka Baboon Project was Spearman and Kendall’s Tau-b initiated in July 2010 by Anna Weyher respectively. This suggests that the to investigate the yet unstudied Kinda number of visitors can be used as an baboon (Papio kindae) in its natural indicator of overall visitor invasiveness habitat. A wild group of Kinda to study the effects of visitor presence. baboons in Kasanka National Park, A general linear model analysis Zambia was habituated over a 6-month showed decreases in resting behaviors period. Formal data collection began in were linked with increasing visitor January 2011 and continues through to intensity (p=0.023) for the group. the present. Environmental data Decreased resting behavior could be including rainfall, temperature, and indicative of stimulating effects of humidity are collected year-round to visitor presence. Stimulation in a illustrate the interaction between the generally unchanging captive baboons and their habitat. Behavioral environment can be enriching, but in data is also collected year-round and excess could also have negative stress- demonstrates female philopatry with a

50 AAPA COMMITTEE ON DIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 6-8 pm, Wednesday March 25th, 2015

Abstracts linear dominance hierarchy between JENNIFER WASHABAUGH. females and a much less structured Department of Anthropology, hierarchy among non-natal adult University of Michigan. males. Similar to other studies of Developmental integration of autopod baboons, the group spent on average features make it likely that genetic 10% of their time in social activity; modifications in one domain could however, unique from other female- produce parallel changes in the bonded baboon species, the Kinda corresponding domain. This study females spend a significantly larger investigates scaling relationships proportion of time in social interactions between metacarpals and metatarsals with males. GPS and scan data provide in hominoids, by comparing the length insight into the baboons' diet, and robusticity in extinct (Ardipithecus movement patterns, day range, home ramidus, Australopithecus sediba, range, and habitat use. From the data Hispanopithecus, Pierolapithecus) and on potential available habitat, one extant (Hylobates, Pongo, Gorilla, Pan, would expect the group to spend 36% Homo) taxa. of their time in grassland and 27% of their time in Miombo woodlands. Despite variation in locomotive modes, Instead they show a clear preference there is a strong relationship (R2 = 0.93) for woodlands, spending only 1% of between metacarpal and metatarsal their time in grasslands and 54% in length in non-human primates. woodlands, making Kindas a Miombo Humans differ from other sampled woodland baboon quite different from hominoids in that metacarpal length is other savannah species. These findings shortened compared to metatarsal demonstrate the vast differences length. Furthermore, while non-human between Kindas and other baboon taxa hominoids have similar ratios of and lay groundwork for future studies metacarpal:metatarsal robusticity, examining male-female relationships, human metapodial robusticities are not infant development, and male-infant correlated, perhaps related to variation interactions. in activity among humans. The human third metatarsal also departs from the Scaling relationships and functional non-human pattern in being morphology of hominoid significantly more gracile than metapodials. expected, which may be a result of the longitudinal arch and unique weight transfer in the human foot.

51 AAPA COMMITTEE ON DIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 6-8 pm, Wednesday March 25th, 2015

Abstracts

This study also examines the relative periostitis were scored and recorded in size of the proximal tuberosity of the 106 skeletons from Karystos, Greece. fifth metatarsal. Regression of the These bony changes are considered geometric mean of the tuberosity on “non-specific” indicators of disease average body mass reveals a strong because they are caused by general relationship among non-human taxa physiological disruption, and not (R2 = 0.99), but humans have a much diagnostic of any specific diseases. The more expanded tuberosity. This data revealed a nonspecific increase in expansion increases the area of contact skeletal stress through time. between the base of the lateral Specifically, prevalence of cribra metatarsal and the ground, perhaps orbitalia (19% to 41%; n=38; X2 p=0.15), functioning to better dissipate the load porotic hyperostosis (16% to 33%; n=37; associated with the lateral shift of body X2 p=0.21), LEH (67% to 82%; n=32; X2 weight during bipedalism. p=0.31), and periostitis (33% to 41%; n=49; X2 p=0.58) increased from These data illustrate that while many Classical/Hellenistic periods to the autopod features are conserved across Roman pe riod (with no change hominoids, humans display significant between the Classical and Hellenistic departures from these patterns. periods). Despite non-significant changes in skeletal stress through time, Changing skeletal stress following the consistent pattern of increased social and political disruption at skeletal stress into the Early Roman Karystos, Greece. period suggests there may have been a JEREMY T. WHARRY and BRITNEY biologically significant difference in KYLE MCILVAINE. Department of disease burden between these time Anthropology, University of Northern periods. During the Early Roman Colorado. period Euboean cities were revolting against the Athenian empire and This study tests the hypothesis that Romans forced local people to pay disease prevalence increased at the tribute. This social and political Greek mother city of Karystos after changed may have caused the cities on colonies were established and cultural Euboea (including Karystos) to lose contact increased through time. To test some of their resources. With this hypothesis, bony changes that diminished resources, the people on result from disease, including cribra the island of Euboea may have become orbitalia, porotic hyperostosis, linear more susceptible to disease. The enamel hypoplasia (LEH), and

52 AAPA COMMITTEE ON DIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 6-8 pm, Wednesday March 25th, 2015

Abstracts impacts of small sample sizes and Here we report combined linear and migration will also be discussed. angular morphometrics of the bones that form the medial column of the foot This research was supported by the —the talus, calcaneus, navicular, University of Northern Colorado’s (UNC) medial cuneiform and the 1st Summer Undergraduate Research Stipend metatarsal. The comparative sample to Wharry, and a UNC Summer Support Initiative Grant to McIlvaine. includes extant hominoid genera (Pongo, Gorilla, Pan and Homo) and fossil hominin specimens representing New methods to infer medial longitudinal column morphology in several known taxa (Australopithecus the hominin foot. afarensis, H. habilis, H. floresiensis, H. neanderthalensis). Facet angular data AYLIN Y. WOODWARD1 and were collected from laser surface scans WILLIAM E.H. HARCOURT- using best-fit algorithms in Geomagic SMITH2,3,4. 1Department of software, while linear measurements Anthropology, Dartmouth College, were taken using a combination of 2Department of Anthropology, Lehman calipers and computer software tools. College CUNY, 3Division of Preliminary results show that Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, 4Department of functionally relevant metrics of the Anthropology, CUNY Graduate medial column, when analyzed in Center. combination using multivariate statistics, result in a distinct separation The medial longitudinal arch of the between modern humans and extant human foot is a hallmark of obligate great apes. We infer that these results terrestrial bipedalism, but detecting its are in part due to the presence of a presence from isolated or fragmentary medial longitudinal arch in humans. fossils can be challenging. Often Analysis of fossil remains (OH 8, StW individual variables are used to infer 573 and an Au. afarensis composite) the presence of an arch, however it is indicates that there is considerable made up of multiple elements. A variation in hominin medial column combined evidence approach could morphology. This approach may prove therefore provide a powerful tool for useful as a future analytical tool when analyzing medial column morphology considering fossil hominin pedal and therefore detecting arch presence assemblages. in fossil hominin pedal remains.

53 AAPA COMMITTEE ON DIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 6-8 pm, Wednesday March 25th, 2015

Author Index

# denotes recipient of a COD Undergraduate Symposium Travel Award. Poster number in brackets [ ]. Abstract page number in parentheses ( ). Email address is for corresponding author.

Anderson, Justine [33] (p16)

Anderson, Kathlena # [45] (p8) [email protected]

Apland, Allison [35] (p8) [email protected]

Apple, Erin [30] (p9) [email protected]

Azar, Madelaine # [3] (p10) [email protected]

Barrett, Tyler [23] (p11) [email protected]

Becker, Dana [4] (p12) [email protected]

Branch, Jazmin # [32] (p13) [email protected]

Brown, Amy [18] (p14) [email protected]

Burke, Elaine [4] (p12)

Cairns, Morgan [37] (p14) [email protected]

Castellon-Hinkle, Natasha [4] (p12)

Chamberlain, Emily # [26] (p15) [email protected]

Chernoff, Meytal # [33] (p16) [email protected]

Christopher, Lauren # [25] (p17) [email protected]

Compton, Devan [43] (p17) [email protected]

Cooper, Sara # [48] (p18) [email protected]

Cosman, Miranda [22] (p19) [email protected]

Crowe, Nicole # [14] (p20) [email protected]

Dening, Arielle [2] (p36)

Dennison, Cori [38] (p20) [email protected]

54 AAPA COMMITTEE ON DIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 6-8 pm, Wednesday March 25th, 2015

Author Index

# denotes recipient of a COD Undergraduate Symposium Travel Award. Poster number in brackets [ ]. Abstract page number in parentheses ( ). Email address is for corresponding author.

Ding, Julie [1] (p21) [email protected]

Duncanson, Megan [36] (p22) [email protected]

Field, Sean [8] (p23) [email protected]

Fish, Kindra [30] (p9)

Fording, Tyler # [39] (p24) [email protected]

Freeman, Christian # [34] (p25) [email protected]

Gilg, Benjamin [42] (p25) [email protected]

Goodkin-Gold, Daniel [50] (p26) [email protected]

Gotuaco, Leslie # [51] (p27) [email protected]

Graves, Vanessa # [27] (p28) [email protected]

Greenhaw, Callie [40] (p29) [email protected]

Hall, Alycia # [49] (p29) [email protected]

Harkey, Jamie [34] (p25)

Hoffman, Brianna [15] (p30) [email protected]

Jager, Daniel # [44] (p31) [email protected]

Johnson, Naomi [3] (p10)

Johnson, Sydney [49] (p29)

Kropp, Sara [13] (p32) [email protected]

Liptak, Natasha [7] (p32) [email protected]

Lundeen, Ingrid # [20] (p33) [email protected]

Luther, Risa # [54] (p34) [email protected]

55 AAPA COMMITTEE ON DIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 6-8 pm, Wednesday March 25th, 2015

Author Index

# denotes recipient of a COD Undergraduate Symposium Travel Award. Poster number in brackets [ ]. Abstract page number in parentheses ( ). Email address is for corresponding author.

McGechie, Faye [46] (p35) [email protected]

McGough, Alexandra [1] (p21)

McKinley, Kassielle [33] (p16)

Meador, Lindsey [52] (p36) [email protected]

Moore, Elizabeth # [2] (p36) [email protected]

Morley, Kyle # [29] (p37) [email protected]

Morris, Jessica [57] (p38) [email protected]

Moser, Cody # [55] (p39) [email protected]

Murach, Michelle [17] (p39) [email protected]

Ogden, Rachel # [31] (p40) [email protected]

Onaugh , Jason [33] (p16)

Ouellette, Quinton [30] (p9)

Pedersen, Rebecca [6] (p41) [email protected]

Pennavaria, Alexa [28] (p42) [email protected]

Rue, Megan [24] (p42) [email protected]

Runion, Colton # [9] (p43) [email protected]

Schleien, Carley # [53] (p44) [email protected]

Shea, Rachel [12] (p45) [email protected]

Skrinyer, Andrew [57] (p38)

Starich, Olivia [41] (p46) [email protected]

Stone, Abigail [5] (p46) [email protected]

56 AAPA COMMITTEE ON DIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 6-8 pm, Wednesday March 25th, 2015

Author Index

# denotes recipient of a COD Undergraduate Symposium Travel Award. Poster number in brackets [ ]. Abstract page number in parentheses ( ). Email address is for corresponding author.

Sztraicher, Delaney # [11] (p47) [email protected]

Taveras Cruz, Yesenia # [47] (p48) [email protected]

Thetford, Maya [21] (p49) [email protected]

Villanyi, Anna [58] (p49) [email protected]

Walco, Emily # [56] (p50) [email protected]

Washabaugh, Jennifer [16] (p51) [email protected]

Wharry, Jeremy [10] (p52) [email protected]

Woodward, Aylin [19] (p53) [email protected]

57

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