Pakistan Security Report 2015

Table of Contents 11.3 Pak-Iran ...... 39 List of Acronyms ...... 02 12. Drone Strikes ...... 40 Methodology and Variables ...... 03 13 State Response ...... 40 Glossary ...... 04 13.1 Operational Front...... 40 1. Introduction ...... 05 13.1.1 Military Operations ...... 41 2. Overview ...... 07 13.1.2 Security Forces Clashes and 2.1 Comparison ...... 08 Encounters with Militants ...... 42 3. Major Actors of Instability in 2015 ...... 10 13.1.3 Terrorists Arrested ...... 43 3.1 Tehreek-e- ...... 10 13.2 Political and Administrative Front ...... 43 3.2 Local Taliban ...... 11 13.2.1 National Action Plan ...... 43 3.3 Lashkar-e-Jhangvi ...... 11 13.2.2 Military Courts/ATC ...... 44 3.4 Sipah-e-Muhammad Pakistan ...... 12 13.2.3 NACTA ...... 44 3.5 Balochistan Liberation Army ...... 13 13.2.4 Banned Groups & Individuals .. 44 3.6 Baloch Republican Army ...... 13 13.2.5 FATA Reforms ...... 45 3.7 Lashkar-e-Balochistan ...... 13 13.2.6 Refugees and IDPs ...... 45 3.8 Balochistan Liberation Front ...... 13 13.2.7 Madrassa Reforms ...... 45 3.9 United Baloch Army ...... 13 13.2.8 Terror Financing ...... 46 3.10 Sindhu Desh Liberation Front (SDLF) .. 13 13.2.9 Security of China-Pakistan 3.11 New Actors of Violence in 2015 ...... 13 Economic Corridor (CPEC) ...... 46 3.12 ‘Unidentified’ Militants ...... 13 13.2.10 Other Initiatives ...... 47 4. Security Landscape in 2015...... 13 13.3 Legislative Front ...... 48 4.1 and FATA ...... 13 14. Challenges ...... 48 4.1.1 Attacks on Security Forces/Law Enforcement Agencies ...... 15 14.1 Critical Areas ...... 49 4.1.2 Attacks on Pro-Government 14.1.1. FATA ...... 49 Tribesmen and Tribal Elders ..... 16 14.1.2. Balochistan ...... 49 4.1.3 Attacks on Civilians ...... 17 14.1.3 Interior Sindh and ...... 49 4.1.4 Attacks on Political 14.1.4 Punjab ...... 50 Workers/Leaders ...... 17 14.2 Critical Internal Threats ...... 50 4.2 Balochistan ...... 18 14.2.1 Changing Dynamics of Terrorist 4.2.1 Attacks by Baloch Insurgents ...... 19 Groups & Recruitment Patterns . 50 4.2.2 Attacks by Militants ...... 21 • The Islamic State Inspiration ...... 50 4.2.3 Sectarian-related Attacks ...... 21 • Al-Qaeda in Pakistan ...... 50 • Dealing with Banned Groups ..... 50 4.3 Sindh ...... 21 • Changing Recruitment Patterns . 51 4.3.1 Karachi...... 22 4.3.2 Interior Sindh ...... 23 14.2.2 Sectarian Violence ...... 51 4.3.3 Ethno-political Violence 14.2.3. The Madrassa Challenge ...... 51 in Karachi ...... 24 14.3 Critical Policy Initiatives ...... 52 4.4 Punjab ...... 24 14.3.1 FATA Reforms ...... 52 4.5 Gilgit-Baltistan ...... 25 14.3.2 A Multifold Reintegration 4.6 Islamabad ...... 26 Program ...... 52 14.3.3 Better Policing ...... 52 5. Suicide Attacks ...... 26 14.3.4 Jail Security and Reforms ...... 52 6. Sectarian Violence ...... 27 14.3.5 Illegal Weapons ...... 52 6.1 Attacks on Shrines ...... 31 14.3.6 Securing Cyber Spaces ...... 52 7. Violence against Political Leaders & Workers .. 31 14.3.7 Terror Financing ...... 52 7.1 Terrorist Attacks on Political Leaders ..... 31 15. Recommendations ...... 53 7.2 Ethno-political Violence ...... 33 • Effective Implementation Mechanism of the NAP ...... 53 8. Violence against Religious Minorities ...... 35 • Counter-Extremism Strategy ...... 53 9. Violence against Journalists ...... 36 • FATA and KP ...... 53 10. Attacks on Educational Institutions ...... 36 Notes ...... 54 11. Border Attacks ...... 37 Annexure ...... 65 11.1 Pak-Afghan ...... 37 * The figures on the title page are based on the data from 11.2 Pak-India ...... 38 January 1 to December 23, 2015 List of Acronyms

AGP: Attorney General of Pakistan Kid: Kidnapping AM: Ansarul Mujahideen KP: Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa ANP: LeJ: Lashkar-e-Jhangvi APS: Army Public School LeT: Lashkar-e-Taiba AQSA: Al-Qaeda in South Asia LI: Lashkar-e-Islam Arm: Army LM: Landmine Blast ASWJ: Ahle Sunnat Wal Jamaat LoC: Line of Control ATC: Anti-Terrorism Courts Lvs: Levies Force BH: Beheading MQM: Muttahida Qaumi Movement BLA: Balochistan Liberation Army MQM-Haqiqi: Mohajir Qaumi Movement BLF: Balochistan Liberation Front MWM: Majlis Wahdatul Muslimeen BNP-M: Balochistan National Party-Mengal Group NACTA: National Counter Terrorism Authority BRP: Baloch Republican Party NAP: National Action Plan BSF: Indian Border Security Force NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization CCNS: Cabinet Committee on National Security NI: Nationalist Insurgents CID: Criminal Investigation Department NP: National Party Civ: Civilians NPP: National People’s Party COAS: Chief of Army Staff NTFIC: National Terrorists Financing Investigation CPEC: China-Pakistan Economic Corridor Cell CT: Counterterrorism PAT: DGMOs: Directors General of Military Operations PkMAP: Pakhtunkhwa Milli Awami Party DSP: Deputy Superintendent of Police PML-N: -Nawaz ETIM: East Turkistan Islamic Party Pol: Police FATA: Federally Administered Tribal Areas PPP: Pakistan People’s Party FC: Frontier Corps PTI: Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaaf FCR: Frontier Crimes Regulation QWP: FIA: Federal Investigative Agency RA: Rocket Attack FIF: Falah-i-Insaniat Foundation RCB: Remote-controlled Bomb FMU: Financial Monitoring Unit Rng: Rangers Fr: Firing SA: Suicide Attack FR: Frontier Region SDLF: Sindhu Desh Liberation Front HG: Hand Grenade SIMs: Subscriber Identification Modules HRCP: Human Rights Commission of Pakistan SMP: Sipah-e-Muhammad Pakistan IDPs: Internally Displaced Persons SP: Superintendent of Police IED: Improvised Explosive Device SSD: Special Security Division IMU: Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan SSP: Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan ISAF: International Security Assistance Force ST: Sunni Tehreek ISI: Inter-Services Intelligence TA: Terrorist Attack ISIS: Islamic State of Iraq and Syria TNFJ: Tehreek-Nifaz-e-Fiqha Jafaria ISPR: Inter-Services Public Relations TNSM: Tehreek-e-Nifaz-e-Shariat-e-Muhammadi JA: Jamaatul Ahrar TTP: Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan JI: Jamaat-e-Islami UBA: United Baloch Army JuD: Jamaatud Dawa UN: United Nations JUI-F: Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam-Fazl Methodology and Variables

The PIPS conflict/security database and archives are and dynamics from security landscape in other the basic sources relied upon for this report. The parts of the country. For this purpose the archives and the database are the outcome of a mentioned sub-set of variables is carefully monitored and analyzed in the security report with meticulous monitoring process on every relevant a view to suggest specific counter-strategy for each incident in the country on a daily basis. A regular type of attack in these areas. follow up is conducted in liaison with PIPS correspondents in the regions in order to keep track of 2. Clash: Another variable used is of clashes which daily developments on such incidents. PIPS compiles include four sub-variables, i.e., (i) inter-tribal; (ii) data from sources including newspapers, magazines, sectarian; (iii) clashes between security forces and militants; and (iv) militants’ infightings. The journals, field sources and screening of official record. number of such clashes and their geographic More than 30 English and dailies, magazines, location is taken as an indicator of parallel trends and journals, and various television news channels are unfolding simultaneously with major trends and monitored to update the database and archives. patterns of security in different areas of the country. Regional daily newspapers and weeklies from 3. State Reponses: It has two sub-variables: (i) Peshawar, Quetta, Gilgit and Karachi are also security measures, and (ii) political and monitored for details of incidents reported in the local administrative responses. The first takes into media. Correspondents in provincial capitals are the account the security forces’ operational attacks and primary source for PIPS to verify the media reports. In clashes with militants, search and hunt operations case of a major incident, PIPS teams consult the local and terrorists’ arrests, etc. The second variable administration and journalists for further details. In entails the government’s political and cases where PIPS finds it difficult to verify facts of a administrative measures to maintain law and order and reduce insecurity and violence. particular incident, it gives preference to the official statements in that regard. 4. Casualties: Casualties include both the number of people killed and injured. Casualties among PIPS security reports utilize eight major variables with civilians, militants and security forces are treated their respective set of sub-variables for analysis of the as another indicator to measure the levels and security situation in Pakistan. The security landscape is trends of security in the country. mapped through a combination of quantitative and 5. Attack Tactics: This head takes a comprehensive qualitative approaches. Quantitative methods are used, account of various tactics used by different actors based on PIPS Conflict and Security Database, to including suicide attacks, missile attacks, hand measure the scale and level of violence. Meanwhile, the grenade attacks, kidnappings, rocket attacks, qualitative approach dilates upon changes and beheadings, landmine blasts, firing, sabotage, developments on the militants’ front, state responses to target killings, and bomb and improvised these developments and projections of future scenarios. explosive devices blasts. The following eight major variables with their sub-sets 6. Development on Militants’ Front: This variable of variable are used in the PIPS Security Reports: analyzes statements, activities, internal divisions and other activities of militants to determine their 1. Attacks: This major variable has a sub-set of five strength and the dynamics of their strategies. sub-variables i.e. (i) terrorist attacks including militant attacks, nationalist insurgent attacks and 7. Opportunities and Challenges include political sectarian-related attacks; (ii) incidents of ethno- measures and military responses to different political violence; (iii) cross-border attacks; (iv) security issues along with highlighting constraints drone attacks; and (v) operational attacks by and challenges encountered by the state. security forces against militants. Since Pakistan’s security landscape is very complicated with a 8. Claim of Responsibility: It provides insight into diverse array of insecurity indicators in different militants’ targets, tactics, areas of operation, and parts of the country, the type of violence in one agendas. geographical unit is often different in its nature

3 Glossary

Military Operation: Large-scale operations launched achieve political or social ends, to intimidate by military and paramilitary forces against Islamist opponents, or to publicize grievances. militants and separatist insurgents in KP, FATA and Balochistan to preserve law and order and the writ of Inter-tribal Clash: Clashes or feuds reported between the state. tribes, mainly in FATA, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Balochistan, rural areas of Punjab and parts of interior Operational Attack: Pre-emptive attacks launched by Sindh. military and paramilitary troops to purge an area of militants. Search and Hunt Operation: Launched by law enforcement agencies on intelligence to capture Clashes between Security Forces and Militants: militants or to purge a particular locality of suspected Armed clashes between security forces and militants, militants and their hideouts. triggered by militants’ attack on security check posts/ convoys and confrontation during search operations. Sectarian Clashes: Violent clashes between armed factions of banned sectarian outfits or between Terrorist Attacks: Include militant, nationalist, followers of rival sects such as Sunni-Shia, - insurgent and sectarian attacks. Indiscriminate use of strife. Sectarian clashes also include tribal violence by militant outfits such as Tehreek-e-Taliban feuds between followers of Sunni and Shia schools of Pakistan (TTP), Lashkar-e-Islam (LI) and Lashkar-e- thought as in Kurram Agency, where the Sunni Turi Jhangvi (LeJ) etc., manifested through suicide attacks, tribesmen frequently clash with members of the Shia beheadings and destruction of educational Bangash tribe. institutions, CD/video shops, etc. Overall Number of Attacks: The sum of militant and Nationalist Insurgent Attacks: Attacks by separatists/ counter-militant attacks by the security forces, besides nationalist insurgents mainly in Balochistan and drone attacks, incidents of ethno-political violence, interior parts of Sindh. and attacks with sectarian motives or by nationalist insurgents. Sectarian Attacks: Indiscriminate use of violence rooted in differences among various Islamic schools of Unsuccessful Attempts: These include attempts at thought over interpretation of religious commands. terrorist attacks that were either foiled by security Incidents involving indiscriminate use of violence forces and bomb disposal squads, or explosives went perpetrated by banned sectarian outfits such as LeJ, off by accident before militants or suicide bombers Tehreek-e-Jafaria, Imamia Student Organization (ISO), reached their intended target. Sipah-e-Muhammad, etc., against rival schools of religious thought.

Ethno-political Violence: The threat or use of violence, often against the civilian population, to

4

1. Introduction

2015 was a landmark year in the history of Pakistan, as the state and society came up with a long-awaited resolve against terrorism. Statistically, in the year 2015, the number of terrorism incidents marked a decline of 48 percent compared to the year before, which is the highest-ever decrease between any two years since 2007, when militants had stepped up their onslaught against Pakistani state and society. Certainly, a sense of security prevailed among masses, a significant outcome of the improved security matrix of the country. However, the challenge of countering terrorism as well as religious extremism still needs concerted and coordinated efforts.

The National Action Plan (NAP) was the manifestation of the resolve of the nation against terrorism. The NAP galvanized all political parties and military leadership to publicly vow against terrorism, besides bringing out government’s counter-militancy efforts in the public debate. In just one year, since the Army Public School (APS) was attacked in December 2014, it appears that Pakistani state and society have successfully constructed a narrative of zero tolerance against terrorism. The spaces for extremist’s apologists in public discussions and mainstream media are gradually shrinking, which contributed in keeping the discourse on counterterrorism focused. However, the perception that the government woke up only after the APS attack is not true. Some fragmented responses already existed but these were not connected with a broader counterterrorism framework. The NAP was an attempt to fill this void.

This is imperative to remind ourselves that the challenge of countering terrorism has been huge and manifold. Despite the NAP being in place, the security institutions face multiple challenges, on the top of which are the capacity gaps to counter urban terrorism threats. The lack of a collaborative approach among different law-enforcement agencies is another challenge. This challenge is a root cause behind the non-functional National Counter Terrorism Authority (NACTA) and the establishment of Joint Intelligence Directorate, which is important for better operational coordination.

Different quarters of state and society also show apprehensions over the slow pace of implementation of NAP. Many experts argue that the NAP is too much military-centric, squeezing the space of the civilians. Some political parties have also expressed serious concerns that the paramilitary Rangers have overstepped their mandate in Karachi. (For comprehensive review of the NAP, read PIPS’s quarterly research journal Conflict and Peace Studies, Volume 7- Number 2, 2015).

In certain areas, the government’s responses are based on weak perceptions. As a result, measures taken in that regard are not contributing enough in countering terrorism. The presence of [supporters and affiliates of] Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS), in Pakistan is one example. It appears that the security institutions are not ready to expand the scope of their threat perception beyond the Pakistani Taliban in the tribal region and sectarian terrorist organizations in mainland Pakistan.

At the same time, it would not be realistic to believe that NAP alone will reverse the whole phenomenon of religious extremism. A comprehensive counter-extremism strategy

5

will be required to support the counter-terrorism action plan.

Pakistan’s internal security is also linked with stability in and presence of terrorist infrastructure there. Apparently, civil and military leaderships realize this challenge. Despite fluctuations in bilateral relations and a drama of optimism and pessimism on the stage of the peace process with the Taliban, the Pakistan leadership is trying to find the way out. Many experts see 2016 as a decisive year in this perspective.

PIPS hopes this tenth edition of its annual security report would help the policymakers, academics, media and civil society understand the gravity of the security situation in Pakistan with a view to moving towards sustainable solutions. The report contains comprehensive data on violent incidents, comparative analysis of various security variables, the changing targets and tactics of militants, strategies of the government and the nature of its response to the security challenges.

The credit for this report goes to the entire team at PIPS, especially to Hazrat Bilal, Ismail Khan, Nawaf Khan and Afzal Sial for their constant dedication at monitoring and recording security developments in the country throughout the year. Acknowledgements would be incomplete without the mention of Safdar Sial, for his valuable contributions both in analysis and review. Special thanks to Muhammad Ismail Khan for editing this report and giving his valuable input.

Muhammad Amir Rana

January 3, 2016

6

2. Overview terrorist attacks in 2015 — 288, or 46 percent — were incidents of targeted killing or shooting. Other The militant, nationalist/insurgent and violent attack tactics used by terrorists in 2015 included sectarian groups carried out a total of 625 terrorist grenade blasts (27), rocket attacks (24), sabotage (9), attacks in 76 districts/regions across Pakistan in the and mortar fire (3). year 2015, which is a decrease of 48 percent from the year before. At least 1,069 people lost their lives Over 57 percent (359) of all the 625 reported terrorist while another 1,443 were left injured in these attacks in 2015 were carried out by the Pakistani attacks. As for terrorist attacks, the number of Taliban, mainly the Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan people killed and injured in terrorist attacks in 2015 (TTP) and affiliated local Taliban groups, or other also decreased, by 38 and 54 percent, respectively, groups with similar objectives such as Jamaatul when compared to 2014. However, the number of Ahrar, Khyber-Agency based Lashkar-e-Islam, Said people killed in sectarian-related terrorist attacks in Sajna group, Jundullah and ISIS 2015 (272) posted an increase of about 7 percent affiliates/supporters. At least, 580 people were from previous year’s fatalities in such incidents killed and another 828 injured in these attacks. (255). Baloch and Sindhi nationalist insurgents carried out 208 attacks that claimed the lives of 217 people and Those killed in terrorist attacks in Pakistan in 2015 injured 330 others. Meanwhile, 58 terrorist attacks included 630 civilians, 318 personnel of security and had sectarian motives, largely perpetrated by law enforcement agencies and 121 militants, who banned Sunni and Shia sectarian groups, which were killed in retaliatory fire by security and law claimed 272 lives and injured 285 others. (See Chart enforcement personnel following some attacks. 1) Those injured in these attacks included 1,075 civilians, 351 security personnel and 17 militants. Chart 1: Classification of Terrorist Attacks in Pakistan in 2015 As many as 266 of the total reported terrorist attacks (over 42 percent) exclusively targeted personnel, No. of Attacks Killed Injured convoys and check-posts of the security forces and law-enforcement agencies across Pakistan. Civilians 828 were the apparent targets of 92 attacks (15 percent). As many as 41 attacks (over 6 percent) hit political 580 leaders and workers, while almost a same number of 330 359 attacks (39) targeted tribal elders constituting anti- 272 285 militant peace committees. A total of 63 attacks (10 208 217 percent) had sectarian targets, mainly members of 58 the Sunni and Shia communities including Hazara, Bohra and Ismaili, and worship places including By Nationalist By Militants Sectarian-related imambargahs, and shrines. A combined 65 terrorist Insurgents attacks (10 percent) targeted state installations including gas pipelines, power pylons, and railways As in 2014, the highest number of terrorist attacks trains/tracks, and government officials. Others for any one region of Pakistan in 2015 was reported targets hit by terrorists more than once included from Balochistan, where 218 attacks killed 257 health/polio workers (15 attacks), educational people and wounded 329 others. However, in terms institutions (14 attacks), media/journalists (11 of terrorism-related casualties, the Federally- attacks), non-Baloch settlers/workers (6 attacks), Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) was the most and Christian community (3 attacks). affected region of Pakistan, where 268 people lost their lives and 370 others were injured in 149 Apart from launching 18 suicide attacks – six of reported terrorist attacks; among 268 killed in which were sectarian-related – terrorists employed terrorist attacks in FATA were also 70 militants who improvised explosive devices (IEDs) of different died in security forces’ retaliatory fire following types in 256 attacks – about 41 percent of the total some attacks and ambushes. A significant number of terrorist attacks. A considerable number of reported people (251) were also killed in Sindh – including

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Pakistan Security Report 2015

150 in Karachi alone and 101 in interior of Sindh – in Nature of No. of Killed Injured a total of 102 terrorist attacks reported from there in Incident Incidents 2015. As many as 125 attacks took place in Khyber Operational Pakhtunkhwa (KP) that claimed 206 lives and left attacks by 143 1,560 173 another 268 people injured. Meanwhile, 24 terrorist security forces attacks were recorded in Punjab, three (3) in the Drone attacks 12 74 17 federal capital Islamabad, and four (4) in Gilgit- Inter-militant Baltistan. (See Table 1) 6 39 7 clashes/attacks Table 1: Terrorist Attacks in Pakistan in 2015 Clashes between security forces & 19 45 5 No. of criminal gangs Region Killed Injured Attacks Communal 2 2 5 KP 125 206 268 violence Total 1,097 3,503 2,167 Balochistan 218 257 329

FATA 149 268 370 The overall number of incidents of violence reported Punjab 24 83 245 in Pakistan decreased by about 48 percent; from 2,099 in 2014 to 1,097 in 2015. The overall fatalities Karachi 85 150 80 that resulted from these violent incidents decreased Sindh(excluding by about 34 percent; from 5,308 in 2014 to 3,503 in 17 101 131 Karachi) 2015. The number of people injured in all such Gilgit-Baltistan 4 0 15 incidents of violence – including attacks and clashes – also decreased from 4,569 in 2014 to 2,167 in 2015. Islamabad 3 4 5 (See Chart 2) Total 625 1,069 1,443 Chart 2: Comparison of Overall Incidents of Violence & Casualties (2012-15) 2.1 Comparison

On the whole, 1,097 incidents of violence of different No. of Incidents Killed Injured types were reported from across Pakistan in 2015, including 625 terrorist attacks cited above, as well as 143 operational strikes carried out by security forces 6932 5688 and their 153 clashes/encounters with militants; 5308 other violent incidents recorded in 2015 are cited in 5047 Table 2. A total of 3,503 people were killed and 2,167 4725 4569 injured in these various incidents. 3503 2555 2217 2099 Table 2: Nature of Overall Incidents of Violence 2167

Nature of No. of Killed Injured 1097 Incident Incidents Terrorist attacks 2012 2013 2014 2015 625 1,069 1,443 Political and 63 81 281 ethnic violence The overall recorded decrease of 48 percent in the Clashes & number of terrorist attacks in Pakistan in 2015 was encounters marked by the decreased incidence of terrorist 153 556 120 between security attacks in all regions of Pakistan except Gilgit- forces & militants Baltistan, where a slight increase was observed Border from such attacks in 2014. Similarly, with the 74 77 116 clashes/attacks exception of interior Sindh, where terrorism-related fatalities significantly increased by 339 percent from previous year, the number of people killed in

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Pakistan Security Report 2015 terrorist attacks also decreased in all other regions from the year before, a total 58 incidents of of Pakistan during the year 2015. (See Table 3) sectarian violence were recorded across Pakistan in 2015; all these incidents were sectarian-related The highest decrease in the number of terrorist terrorist attacks, as no sectarian clash was reported attacks, compared to 2014, was recorded in during the year. However, the number of people Islamabad (79 percent) followed by Khyber killed in sectarian violence in 2015 increased by Pakhtunkhwa (61 percent), Karachi (61 percent), about 7 percent, from 255 in 2014 to 272 in 2015 due interior Sindh (45 percent), Punjab (41 percent), to some lethal sectarian-related blasts in interior FATA (36 percent) and Balochistan (36 percent). Sindh and Karachi.

Terrorism-related fatalities fell in Islamabad by 91 About 98 percent of the total number of people percent, in KP by 62 percent, in Karachi by 53 killed and over 99 percent of those injured in percent, in Punjab by 34 percent, in Balochistan by sectarian-related terrorist attacks across Pakistan in 31 percent, and in FATA by 8 percent. 2015 were concentrated in eight cities/districts including Jacobabad, Shikarpur and Karachi in Table 3: Comparison of Terrorist Attacks & Sindh; Quetta and Bolan in Balochistan; the twin Casualties (2014 vs. 2015)1 cities of Islamabad and Rawalpindi; Peshawar in Number of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa; and Parachinar in Kurram Province / Killed Injured Attacks Agency of the Federally-Administered Tribal Areas. Region (% Change) (% Change) (%Change) Also, out of the total 58 reported sectarian-related attacks across Pakistan, as many as 52 (90 percent) KP 61% 62% 68% occurred in these eight locations. Balochistan 36% 31% 64% Security forces and law enforcement agencies FATA 36% 8% 5% launched a total of 143 operational strikes against Punjab 41% 34% 11% militants in 2015, as compared to 130 such actions in previous year. These operations were conducted in Karachi 61% 53% 82% 31 districts and regions of Pakistan; in previous year Sindh such operations were recorded in 23 districts or (excluding 45% 339% 108% regions. However, most of them (about 59 percent) Karachi) were concentrated in the North Waziristan and Gilgit- Khyber agencies of FATA, and Karachi. These 33% 100% 25% Baltistan operational strikes killed a total of 1,560 people in Islamabad 79% 91% 98% 2015 including 1,545 militants (compared to 1,917 in 2014) and 15 personnel of security and law Total 48% 38% 54% enforcement agencies. Around 142 militants, nine civilians, and 22 security personnel were also The reported decrease in overall terrorist attacks in injured in these actions. 2015 also marked a decrease of about 31 percent in the number of suicide attacks across the country, Security and law enforcement agencies also engaged with 18 suicide attacks in 2015 as compared to 26 in in a total of 153 armed clashes and encounters with 2014. However the number of people killed in militants, a decrease of four percent from the suicide attacks in 2015 increased by 30 percent, from previous year. Compared to 699 in 2014, these 194 in 2014 to 252 in 2015. Most of these fatalities clashes claimed 556 lives in 2015, including 516 resulted from six sectarian-related suicide blasts militants, 37 personnel of security forces and law which claimed 136 lives and injured 163 others. Out enforcement agencies and three civilians. As many of the 18 suicide attacks in 2015, six took place in KP, as 613 militants were killed in such clashes in 2014. five in Punjab, three in Sindh, two in Balochistan, and another two in FATA. The TTP, Jamaatul Ahrar, Representing a 43 percent decrease from the year Jundullah, and Lashkar-e-Jhangvi were behind most before, as many as 12 drone strikes took place in of these attacks. Pakistan’s tribal areas - nine in North Waziristan, two in South Waziristan and one in Kurram Representing a significant decrease of 59 percent Agency. Out of these 12 strikes, 10 were conducted

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Pakistan Security Report 2015 by the US drones and two by Pakistan’s Table 4: Casualties in Overall Violent indigenously made drone ‘Buraq’. These attacks Incidents in 2015 killed a total of 74 suspected militants, a decrease of 49 percent from previous year, and injured 17 Category Killed Injured others. FC 50 100 Marking a decrease of about 19 percent from Militants 2,340 234 previous year, a total of 74 cross-border attacks and clashes were reported from Pakistan’s borders with Civilian 778 1,477 Afghanistan (15 attacks), India (50) and Iran (9). Police 151 154 This reported decrease was mainly contributed by the decreased incidence of cross-border attacks Army 151 164 from Afghanistan and Iran while the situation at Levies 23 21 Pakistan’s border with India remained more or less the same as in previous year. Representing an 18 Rangers 10 17 percent decrease from the year before, a total of 77 Total 3,503 2,167 people lost their lives in these incidents (38 along the Afghan border, and 39 along the LoC and Working Boundary), including 14 personnel from 3. Major Actors of Instability in 2015 security forces, 38 civilians, and 25 militants of the 3.1 Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan TTP who crossed into Pakistan from Afghanistan, attacked security check posts and were killed in In 2015, Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) remained counter fire by Pakistani security forces. the major actor of instability, carrying out 212 terrorist attacks across the country. (See Table 5) Incidents of ethnic and political violence in Pakistan also went down by over 23 percent, from 82 in 2014 This terrorist group has been weakened to a great to 63 in 2015. The number of people killed in these extent from the military operations in North incidents decreased by 35 percent and those of Waziristan. Now, the TTP has operational bases on the injured by 58 percent, when compared to 2014. other side of the border in Afghanistan. Still, the TTP While a considerable number of incidents of ethno- managed 12 cross-border attacks from Afghanistan. political violence were reported from Karachi (23 incidents), sporadic incidents of political violence The targets and tactics the group adopted in 2015, were recorded across Pakistan’s 28 districts, which shows that it still holds the operational capabilities were largely related to different rounds of local to launch attacks inside Pakistan. In 2015, the TTP bodies elections held in provinces during the year. terrorist attacks remained concentrated in FATA, KP and Karachi. In KP and FATA, the TTP carried out The number of people killed in overall incidents of 11 attacks on former members of peace committees. violence in Pakistan decreased by about 34 percent, from 5,306 in 2014 to 3,503 in 2015. This decrease was The group was also involved in 50 small- and marked by the deaths of 2,340 militants in 2015, medium-scale armed clashes and encounters, with compared to 2,991 in 2014, representing a decrease of security forces across Pakistan, which caused 290 22 percent. The number of civilians killed in these killings from the both sides. violent incidents also decreased by over 54 percent as compared to 2014. Fatalities among security forces The TTP splinter group Jamaatul Ahrar further personnel in 2015 (385) were also 37 percent less from fueled instability, by carrying out 28 terrorist the previous year’s fatalities among them (610). The attacks. In December 2015, the group carried out distribution of casualties in the overall reported one of the deadliest attacks of the year, in KP’s incidents of violence in 2015 is given in Table 4. district, where the JA hit at people queuing up outside NADRA’s office. This group also managed five attacks in Punjab, indicating its support network being intact in the province; the same group was behind the Wagha border terrorist attacks in 2014.

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Pakistan Security Report 2015

Table 5: Terrorist Attacks Claimed/Perpetrated by Terrorist Groups

KP

GB

Total

FATA

Punjab

Karachi

Islamabad

(excluding (excluding Karachi)

Balochistan

Organization

KP

GB

Total

FATA

Punjab

Karachi

Sindh

Islamabad

(excluding (excluding Karachi)

Balochistan Organization Baloch Republican 1 ------1 Sindh Guard Tehreek-e- Lashkar-e- Taliban 4 92 57 3 54 - - 2 212 Jhangvi Al- - 1 ------1 Pakistan (TTP) Aalmi Balochistan Tawheedul - 1 ------1 Liberation 80 - - 2 - 6 - - 88 Islam Army (BLA) Young Baloch 1 ------1 Local Taliban - 2 53 1 - - - - 56 Tiger BRA 43 ------43 The TPP camp remained divided into many factions, BLF 38 ------38 with Mullah Fazlullah still leading the central group. LeJ 12 1 4 3 12 1 0 0 33 Sajna group was the second major faction in 2015, Lashkar-e- but its operations are confined in the two Waziristan - 25 2 - - - - - 27 Islam agencies. The outlawed Lashkar-i-Islam (LI) led by Mangal Bagh has announced its merger into the TTP Jamatul Ahrar - 21 2 5 - - - - 28 in 2015, in what was a part of ‘reconciliation efforts’ Lashkar-e- 23 ------23 within tribal militants.2 Despite the merger, LI Balochistan independently accepted the responsibility of 27 Unknown 3 - 2 5 4 4 - 2 20 incidents of violence in Khyber Agency and suburbs militants of Peshawar. Sipah-e- Muhammad - - 4 1 12 - 2 - 19 3.2 Local Taliban Pakistan The small militant groups in KP and FATA, SDLF - - - - 1 5 - - 6 described as the local Taliban3 carried out 56 UBA 5 ------5 terrorist attacks in 2015. The activities of such Jundullah 1 - - - 1 1 1 - 4 groups have been decreasing, but random and low- TTB (Tehreek- intensity attacks cause major human sufferings. e-Taliban 4 ------4 These groups killed 44 civilians and security Balochistan) personnel, mainly in KP. Independent security analysts believe the military operations in Khyber TTP splinter - 4 ------4 and Mohmand agencies have shrunk the space for Sajna group these militants. These militants used to escape back Banned - 1 - 2 - - - - 3 to safer areas in the Khyber Agency, after carrying militant group out attack in Peshawar valley, and now, they are ISIS affiliates/ - 1 - 2 - - - - 3 unable to carry out attacks with previous supporters momentum.4 Nationalist 3 ------3 insurgents 3.3 Lashkar-e-Jhangvi Rival sectarian - - 1 - 1 - - - 2 group Lashkar-e-Jhangvi (LeJ) was found involved in 33 terrorist attacks across the country in 2015; these

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Pakistan Security Report 2015 attacks were concentrated in Balochistan and Group Killed Injured Karachi. However, after the killing of LeJ leadership, Responsible including its head and Ghulam Rasool KP: 04 KP: 0 Sipah-e- Shah in an encounter with Counter Terrorism Punjab: 01 Punjab: 1 Muhammad Department of Punjab on July 28 in Muzaffargarh Karachi: 12 Karachi: 06 5 Pakistan district, there was a reduction in sectarian-related Islamabad: 01 Islamabad: 01 terrorist attacks during the last two quarters of the SDLF Sindh: 02 Sindh: 12 year. UBA Balochistan: 24 Balochistan: 0 Table 6: Casualties in Terrorist Attacks Islamabad: 03 Islamabad: 04 Balochistan: 01 Balochistan: 01 Group Jundullah Killed Injured Sindh(Ex Sindh(Ex Responsible Karachi): 63 Karachi): 47 KP: 123 KP: 155 Karachi: 43 Karachi: 13 FATA: 177 FATA: 249 TTB GB: 0 GB: 05 (Tehreek-e- TTP Balochistan: 01 Balochistan: 0 Sindh: 72 Sindh: 40 Taliban Balochistan: 07 Balochistan: 12 Balochistan) Punjab: 5 Punjab: 04 TTP splinter FATA: 10 FATA: 01 Balochistan: Balochistan:14 Sajna group Balochistan 107 2 Banned Punjab: 2 Punjab: 12 Liberation Sindh: 02 Sindh: 28 militant Army (BLA) FATA: 4 Punjab: 0 Punjab: 4 group KP: 42 KP: 47 ISIS FATA: 03 FATA: 02 affiliates/sup FATA: 01 Punjab: 0 Punjab: 06 Local Taliban FATA: 01 porters Punjab: 0 Punjab: 01 Nationalist Balochistan: 02 Balochistan: 0 insurgents BRA Balochistan: 04 Balochistan: 29 Rival KP: 2 KP: 1 BLF Balochistan: 46 Balochistan: 45 sectarian Balochistan: 34 Balochistan: 25 Karachi: 03 Karachi: 0 group FATA: 0 FATA: 03 Baloch KP: 04 KP: 02 Republican Balochistan: 04 Balochistan: 20 LeJ Karachi: 17 Karachi : 14 Guard Sindh(Ex Sindh(Ex Lashkar-e- Karachi): 28 Karachi): 40 Jhangvi Al- FATA: 25 FATA: 62 Punjab: 03 Punjab: 04 Aalmi Lashkar-e- FATA: 32 FATA: 22 Tawheedul FATA: 03 FATA: 0 Islam KP: 02 KP: 12 Islam Punjab: 58 Punjab : 152 Young Jamaatul Balochistan: 11 Balochistan: 22 FATA: 17 FATA: 26 Baloch Tiger Ahrar KP: 27 KP: 50 Lashkar-e- 3.4 Sipah-e-Muhammad Pakistan Balochistan: 15 Balochistan: 28 Balochistan Shia sectarian group Sipah-e-Muhammad Pakistan Balochistan: 1 Balochistan : 05 (SMP) carried out 19 terrorist attacks in 2015, mainly Sindh(Ex Sindh(Ex targeted killings. Karachi is the major operation base Karachi): 06 Karachi): 04 Unknown of the group, where it managed 12 attacks last year. Punjab: 13 Punjab: 62 Militants Peshawar emerged its second focused area, where AJK and GB: 0 AJK & GB: 10 the group launched four attacks in 2015. Karachi: 03 Karachi: 07 KP: 2 KP: 01

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Pakistan Security Report 2015

3.5 Balochistan Liberation Army is considered an offshoot of Sindhi nationalist political parties Jeay Sindh Muttahida Mahaz Among Baloch separatist groups, Balochistan (JSMM) and Jeay Sindh Tehreek (JST). The group Liberation Army (BLA) remained the most lethal was involved in attacks on railway tracks, banks and group in Balochistan in 2015, which carried out 88 inter-provincial transportation system in interior terrorist attacks. (See Table 5) Quetta, Bolan, Kech, Sindh. Khuzdar and Kohlu districts in Balochistan are the major areas of operation of this group. BLA is also 3.11 New Actors of Violence in 2015 active in interior Sindh and bordering parts of South Punjab, where it carried out eight low intensity 2015 was the challenging year for the militants attacks. groups in Pakistan. TTP and other tribal militant groups relocated their infrastructure on the other 3.6 Baloch Republican Army side of the border and they continue to suffer from internal differences. However, new actors are Baloch Republican Army (BRA) was the major actor emerging on the militant landscape, and some old of violence in Dera Bugti, Nasirabad, Dera Murad groups are taking advantages of the changes. The IS Jamali, Barkhan and Loralai districts of Balochistan, affiliates commanders accepted the responsibility of but the group’s operational capabilities suffered three terrorist attacks, while Jundullah managed during 2015, as it carried out 43 attacks compared to four high intensity attacks in different parts of the 106 in 2014. country. Al-Qaeda in Indian Subcontinent (AQIS) also absorbed human resource of weakening 3.7 Lashkar-e-Balochistan militant groups; the group was found involved in Lashkar-e-Balochistan carried out 23 terrorist attacks the abductions cases inside Pakistan, including the in 2015. The group was mainly active in Makran son of former prime minister Syed Yosuf Raza 7 coastal belt and neighboring districts. Led by Javed Gillani. Mengal, the brother of Akhtar Mengal, the LeB’s Baloch separatist groups are also facing internal operational capabilities are decreasing, mainly crisis and new splinters emerged in 2015. Young because of internal differences. Baloch Tigers and Baloch Republican Guards carried 3.8 Balochistan Liberation Front out one attack each in Balochistan.

Balochistan Liberation Front (BLF) operates across 3.12 ‘Unidentified’ Militants Balochistan, but is primarily concentrated in the Militants and nationalist insurgents, whose group southern coastal Makran belt. BLF carried out 38 identities and organizational affiliation were not terrorists attacks last year, compared to 18 attacks in defined or who did not claim responsibility for 2014. There were unconfirmed report last year about terror attacks, were involved in over 20 terrorist the death of BLF’s chief, Allah Nazar, but the rise in the attacks across the country. These militants might attacks by the group indicates it still has effective have definite group affiliations but media reports of organizational structure. BLF is mainly active in terrorist attacks did not cover those, and in many Awaran, Panjgur, Washuk, Turbat and Gwadar cases, law-enforcement agencies remained clueless districts in southern Balochistan.6 about any such affiliation. 3.9 United Baloch Army 4. Security Landscape in 2015 UBA, led by Mehran Marri, is a splinter group of BLA, launched 5 terrorist attacks in Balochistan in 4.1 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and FATA 2015. The incidents of terrorism in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 3.10 Sindhu Desh Liberation Front (SDLF) decline in 2015 from 2014. The total number of terror incidents in 2015 stood at 125, a significant decrease The Sindhu Desh Liberation Front was believed to of 61 percent. In these attacks, 206 people were be involved in 6 small-scale terrorist attacks in 2015. killed and another 268 were injured. These mark a The SDLF, led by Darya Khan Marri, is an decline of 62 percent in killings and 68 percent in underground Sindhi separatist organization, which injuries from the previous year.

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Pakistan Security Report 2015

Those killed in 2015 were mainly security forces The second-most affected district was Dera Ismail personnel - a total of 66, which includes 2 of the Khan, with 14 terrorist attacks. Meanwhile, Frontier Corps, 33 of the Police, 30 of the Army and Charsadda faced 10 attacks; Swabi, 8 attacks; Tank, 7 1 of the Levies Force. In addition, 112 civilians also attacks; Hangu, 6 attacks; Kohat and Swat, 5 attacks lost their lives, while 24 militants also died. The each whereas Mardan witnessed 4 terrorist attacks. injured included 61 security forces personnel, namely 1 of the Frontier Corps, 44 of the Police and TTP militants carried out a coordinated attack on 16 of the Army; and 207 civilians. Pakistan Air Force Camp in Badhaber area of Peshawar. The attackers, thirteen in number, were Out of the reported 125 attacks, 10 were sectarian wearing uniforms of constabulary force. They killed attacks while the remaining 115 were handiwork of twenty-nine people (29) inside the base. The forces, the militants belonging to the TTP and other similar in retaliation, gunned down all the attackers, in the groups. ensuing battle8.

Table 7: Terrorist Attacks in KP KP also witnessed ethnic and political violence, sectarian attacks, as well as sporadic clashes and District Attacks Killed Injured encounters between security forces and militants were also recorded. Bannu 9 6 16 Buner 2 2 1 Among the reported 10 sectarian incidents, 5 were Charsadda 10 9 8 carried out against Shia community, mainly by Lashkar-e-Jhangvi (LeJ). As of the remaining, 4 D.I Khan 14 19 21 attacks targeted Sunni community and were carried Hangu 6 4 7 out by Sipah-e-Mohammad Pakistan. Haripur 1 6 1 In February 2015, militants, dressed in police Karak 1 1 1 uniform, stormed an imambargah in Hayatabad area Kohat 5 6 9 of the city, opening fire indiscriminately and later Lakki Marwat 2 0 0 exploding their suicide vests. In the attack, 24 people 9 Lower Dir 2 1 0 were killed and 48 others were injured. In December, a suicide bomber blew himself outside Malakand 4 7 4 the main gate of NADRA office in Mardan killing at Mansehra 4 6 3 least 26 people and injuring 50 others.10 Mardan 4 30 51 In Federally-Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) a Nowshera 3 2 6 total of 149 terrorist attacks were reported during Peshawar 38 85 122 2015 compared to 234 in 2014, marking a Swabi 8 8 3 considerable decline of 36 percent. Swat 5 7 3 In total, 268 people were killed in 2015, which Tank 7 7 12 included 6 from Frontier Corps, 8 from Police, 77 Total 125 206 268 from Army, 7 from Levies, and 100 civilians. 70 militants also died. Like previous year, in 2015 too, Peshawar remained the most affected city of the province, with 38 Moreover, another 370 were left injured, including 8 terrorist attacks in which 85 people died and 122 got of Frontier Corps, 215 civilians, 20 police, 116 of the injured. Terrorist mainly targeted security forces; 18 Army, and 4 of the Levies. 7 militants were also attacks were carried out against them. 6 attacks were injured. carried out on civilians, 4 attacks on Shia community, 4 on political leaders/ workers, while These marked a 08 percent decrease in killings and 5 educational institution, power pylon, worship percent decrease in injuries, than the previous year. places, Sunni community leaders and polio workers were each attacked once in 2015.

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Pakistan Security Report 2015

Table 8: Terrorist Attacks in FATA Security forces carried out 72 operational attacks in 2015, in contrast to 101 in the previous year, Agency/FR Attacks Killed Injured resultantly killing 1,265 people and leaving another Bajaur Agency 25 20 27 119 injured. Security forces were also engaged in clashes with militants; in 27 such clashes, 225 people Mohmand 23 20 27 died, including 205 militant and 20 security forces Agency personnel; and 17, military men and 5 militants were 36 55 106 Khyber Agency injured. Orakzai Agency 7 9 16 Kurram Agency 17 46 95 In 14 incidents of clashes at Pak-Afghan border, 38 North people lost their lives and 12 others were injured. Waziristan 11 41 17 Moreover, 12 drone strikes killed 74 suspected Agency militants and injured another 17. South Waziristan 25 62 81 After Khyber Agency, the agencies hit badly were Agency South Waziristan Agency (SWA) and Bajaur FR Regions 5 15 1 Agency, with 25 attacks in each of the agencies. In Total 149 268 370 SWA, there was an incremental increase in number of terrorist attacks, around 108 percent; as well as in Out of total 149 attacks in FATA, 147 were carried killings, around 210 percent; and in injuries, at 326 out by terrorists belonging to TTP and their percent compared to the previous year. offshoots. 2 were sectarian-related, in which at least Militants targeted mostly civilians, FC convoys, 25 people were killed and 65 others were left tribal elders, security check posts and security injured. personnel. Khyber Agency remained the most-affected agency In Bajaur Agency, 20 people were killed and 27 during 2015, with 36 terrorist attacks. However, injured in 25 terrorist attacks. Militants affiliated compared to previous year, there has been an with the ISIS, Jamaatul Ahrar and TTP carried these overall decline in number of attacks (60 percent), attacks which mostly targeted civilians, political killings (40 percent) and injuries (69 percent). There, workers and leaders, security forces check posts and militants belonging to TTP and Lashkar-e-Islam pro-government tribal elders. targeted civilians, government officials, health and polio workers, security check posts and law- In 2015, Mohmand Agency faced 23 attacks; Kurram enforcement personnel, besides attacking pro- Agency, 17 attacks; NWA, 11 attacks; and Orakzai government tribal elders. Agency, 7 attacks.

Other than the above-mentioned terrorist attacks, 4.1.1 Attacks on Security Forces/Law Enforcement there were 27 clashes between security forces and Agencies militant, 75 operational attacks by security forces, 14 Pak-Afghan border clashes, 12 drone attacks in Security forces, their check-posts, and convoys, were FATA. Moreover, 8 attacks were unsuccessful in prime targets for militants in KP and FATA during FATA during the year. 2015. Out of 274 terrorist attacks in both KP and FATA, 133 attacks targeted security forces, military In Parachinar, Kurram Agency, a vehicle laden with convoys and security check posts. In these 133 explosives ripped through a makeshift market attacks, 168 security forces personnel were killed, where a large number of locals were busy in buying which included Frontier Corps (8), Police (44), Army clothes. In the explosion, at least 25 people were (108), and Levies Force (8). The injured security killed and as many as 62 were injured. The personnel in these attacks were 209, including FC responsibility of the attack was shared by Lashkar-e- (9), Police (64), Army (132), Levies (04). Jhangvi and South Waziristan Agency-based Ansarul Mujahideen at the same time.11

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Pakistan Security Report 2015

Out of the 133 attacks, 103 targeted security forces as 34 such terrorist attacks were recorded, killing as and law enforcement, 04 hit at police and FC many as 56 and injuring 33 others. convoys, while 26 struck at security check posts. With the breakdown of these attacks, it became Militants mostly resorted to the IED (63) in carrying evident that 31 attacks were being directed against out these attacks, following by firing (62), hand pro-government tribesmen whereas 3 were against grenades (4) and mortar shells (2), sabotage (1) and the tribal elders. Overall, 51 pro-government rocket attack (1). tribesmen and 5 tribal elders were killed, whereas 32 pro-government tribesmen and 1 tribal elder were The worst affected area during the year remained left injured. South Waziristan Agency, with 21 such attacks. At least 30 security forces personnel were killed and 51 With 10 attacks, Bajaur Agency received the highest were injured. Those who lost their lives included 27 number of terrorist attacks, which targeted pro- military and 3 FC personnel; those injured included government tribesmen. 15 of them died and 10 43 Army, 3 Levies and 5 FC personnel. TTP and its others injured. The groups involved in these attacks offshoots like Jamaatul Ahrar and Sajna groups were affiliated with the ISIS, Jamaatul Ahrar and carried out these attacks. TTP.

Khyber Agency and KP’s Peshawar district saw 18 Khyber Agency faced 9 attacks, resulting in the loss terrorist attacks, each, on the security forces. of 23 people and injury of 12 others. Militant groups Mohmand 12 and North Waziristan agency like TTP and Lashkar-e-Islam carried out these recorded 10 such attacks. attacks.

In Miranshah, North Waziristan Agency, three army Mohmand Agency was the third-worst affected men were killed when militants stormed a security agency, where 5 terrorist attacks killed 6 tribal elders post. In the attack, five militants were also killed in besides injuring 6 others. retaliatory fire by security forces12. In Ghaziza area, four security personnel died and four others injured, Overall, 9 such attacks, against these tribesmen, as they were struck by an IED while conducting involved Lashkar-e-Islam; 12, Tehreek-e-Taliban search operation.13 Pakistan; 9, Jamaatul Ahrar and other similar groups. In South Waziristan’s Ladha tehsil, a suicide attacker blew himself during an armed attack over a check Several areas of KP such as Swat, Malakand, Dir, post, Preghal check post, killing seven security Peshawar, Tank and Bannu, too, witnessed such personnel and injuring seven others. In retaliatory targeted killings. fire, security forces gunned down at least 19 militants, including five of their commanders; In Khyber Agency’s Tirah Valley, militants targeted captured one; and injured seven others14. In July, members of a local peace militia, Tawheedul Islam, according to the ISPR, militants belonging to through an IED explosion, killing 3 while injuring 16 Mehsud Taliban attacked a security check post in another. After a gap of few days, in Nari Baba area Ladha, killing 4 army men and injuring another 6. in Tirah, militants again targeted a house, killing 3 tribal elders of Tawheedul Islam and leaving Militants, belonging to the TTP, carried out brazen another 5 injured.17 attack over the PAF Base in Badhber area of Peshawar, killing as many as twenty nine (29) In the first week of September, Lashkar-e-Islam people. The attackers, thirteen in number, were militants captured 11 volunteers of the pro- killed by the security forces in the ensuing battle15. government Zakakhel peace committee in Sanda Pal area of Tirah valley. 5 of those captured were killed 4.1.2 Attacks on Pro-Government Tribesmen and on September 7, and the bullet-riddled bodies of the Tribal Elders remaining 6 were found in Kamar Khel on September 8. A spokesman of the militants told local Militant frequently targeted tribal elders and pro- reporters that the volunteers were helping the government tribesmen in KP and in FATA. As many security forces against them18.

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Pakistan Security Report 2015

In Bajaur Agency, militants targeted a pro- tribesmen forced the terrorists to blow their vests government tribal elder, Muhammad Jan, in before hitting at the target. Two civilians were Mamund tehsil of the agency. 5 of his companions killed, and two others were injured in the blast24. were also killed.19 In Birmil tehsil of South Waziristan Agency, armed men on a car opened fire at tribesmen In South Waziristan Agency’s Bagan area, militants in Gangikhel village, killing three tribal elders20. blasted a local house with IEDs, injuring 12 civilians.25 In yet another incident, militants attacked 4.1.3 Attacks on Civilians and opened fire on a group of young people who were celebrating their victory in a cricket match in Civilians, including tribesmen, in parts of FATA and Karikot village near Wana, killing one and injuring KP, came under the attack during the outgoing year five others.26 2015. In 43 such attacks, 53 people were killed and 167 injured. In Kulachi area near D.I. Khan, terrorist targeted vehicle of Peer of Atal Sharif, with a remote- Terrorist attacks targeting civilians decreased by 62 controlled bomb, injuring nine people27. percent in 2015, as compared to 2014. Total killings also saw a significant decline of 60 percent, and 4.1.4 Attacks on Political Workers/Leaders injuries saw a decline of 45 percent. Militants continued targeting political workers TTP and other similar groups such as Jamaatul across KP and FATA during 2015. Terrorist carried Ahrar and Lashkar-e-Islam carried out these attacks. out 18 attacks over the political workers/leaders, in which 17 were killed and 13 others were injured. As with the previous year, this year too, the Peshawar witnessed the highest number of terrorist These attacks marked a substantive decrease of 47 attacks targeting civilians. Six attacks this year percent in 2015, compared to 2014. A 45 percent marked 82 percent decline than the previous year. decrease in killings and 28 percent in injuries are Also, killings in such attacks dropped by significant also recorded. 97 percent; and injuries, by 95 percent. In KP, most of the attacks happened in Peshawar Kurram Agency, in FATA, faced five such attacks – and Charsadda, with four attacks each. These were attacks on civilians, resulting in the loss of six lives followed by Hangu, with three attacks; and Bannu, and 20 injuries. Haripur, Nowshera, Swat, with one attack each; whereas in FATA, Bajaur Agency saw two such Civilians were targeted in districts Mardan, Tank, attacks and Mohmand Agency, one such attack. Swat, Nowshera, Bannu, Charsadda, Dera Ismail Khan and Laki Marwat districts of KP, too, as well Militants resorted to the improvised explosive as in South Waziristan, North Waziristan, Orakzai, devices and firing, to target political workers. Khyber, Mohmand and Bajaur agencies on FATA. In district Peshawar, the Pakistan Muslim League - In the first week of January, terrorist detonated an Nawaz's (PML-N) Peshawar chapter president, Haji improvised explosive device in a volleyball match in Sardar Khan, was shot dead by militants in Yakatoot Kaza bazaar area of Orakzai Agency. Four children area28. died in the attack and 10 others were injured.21 A suicide bomber attacked a NADRA office in Mardan In Charsadda, a suicide bomber opened fire at the district killing at least 26 people and injuring Qaumi Watan Party chief Aftab Sherpao, who another 50. The responsibility of the attack was survived the attack. The police, wasting no time, taken by Jamaatul Ahrar, a splinter group of TTP22. fired at the bomber, who managed to explode his suicide vest, killing one policeman and injuring A woman was killed and 14 others, including another.29 children, were injured in a toy bomb blast in a house situated in Gula Jan area of Kurram Agency’s Pir In district Swat’s Qambar area, local Taliban opened Qayyum village.23 In Alizai area of Kurram Agency, fire on a local leader of (PPP), terrorists tried to attack on an on-going soccer match who died on the spot.30 in the area; however, the timely firing from local

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Pakistan Security Report 2015

In Peshawar, terrorist denoted IED at the house of a Those killed in terrorist attacks in Balochistan in former Senator Abdur Razzak. He remained safe, 2015 included 160 civilians, 40 police officials, 27 FC and his house was partially damaged.31 In yet troops, 13 Levies, 3 Army men, and 14 militants. another incident, a bomb was exploded outside the Meanwhile 214 civilians, 65 FC troops, 18 police residence of former provincial minister Hidayat officials, six army soldiers, 16 Levies, and 10 ullah, at Din Bahar Colony, near Charsadda Road in militants were among those injured in these attacks. Peshawar. The blast damaged the main entrance gate, but no casualty was reported.32 As in previous year, in 2015 too, the districts of Quetta, Dera Bugti and Kech were worst hit by terrorists, with In Haleemzai Tehsil of Mohmand Agency, vehicle of 48, 29 and 20 attacks respectively. Other districts where the former Senator Abdul Wahid was targeted by more than 10 attacks took place during the year were local Taliban, thorough an IED. He, too, remained Gwadar with 16 attacks, Nasirabad with 14 attacks, safe in the attack.33 Jafarabad with 13 attacks, and Panjgur with 12 attacks. Meanwhile, several people were also killed in sporadic In Bajaur Agency’s Salarzai tehnsil, the convoy of attacks reported from Awaran, Bolan, Loralai, and former law maker from the agency, a PPP worker, Mastung districts. The south-western part of Syed Akhoonzada Chittan, came under attack, as Balochistan including Gwadar and neighbouring two remote-controlled bombs exploded on the route. districts (Kech, Awaran, Lasbela and Panjgur) faced a total of 60 terrorist attacks, or 27 percent of the total Although few vehicles were damaged, no human attacks in Balochistan in 2015. loss occurred.34 Table 9: Terrorist Attacks in Balochistan 4.2 Balochistan

As in 2014, in 2015 too, the highest number of District Attacks Killed Injured terrorist attacks for any one region of Pakistan was Awaran 7 11 7 reported from Balochistan, where 218 attacks killed Bolan 4 11 12 257 people and wounded 329 others. Compared to Chagai 1 5 0 the previous year, these marked a decrease of 36 Dera Bugti 29 3 24 percent in terrorist attacks and of 31 percent in Gwadar 16 15 13 fatalities. Likewise, sectarian-related terrorist attacks Harnai 1 2 6 in the province fell by 20 percent and, death toll, by Jafarabad 13 6 11 60 percent. Jhal Magsi 2 4 0 Out of the 218 attacks, as many as 194 – about 89 Kalat 3 2 3 percent – reported attacks were perpetrated by Kech 20 27 28 Baloch insurgent groups, including the Baloch Kharan 3 5 4 Liberation Front (BLF), Baloch Republican Army Khuzdar 2 3 0 (BRA), Balochistan Liberation Army (BLA), Lashkar- Kohlu 3 0 0 e-Balochistan, United Baloch Army (UBA), and Lasbela 5 7 16 hitherto less known groups Young Baloch Tiger and Loralai 6 17 1 Baloch Republican Guard. These attacks claimed 213 Mastung 5 28 9 lives and wounded 286 others. Nasirabad 14 6 5 Nushki 7 3 7 The TTP; its Balochistan chapter, also known as Panjgur 12 5 18 Tehreek-e-Taliban Balochistan (TTB); and other Pishin 3 0 3 militant groups with similar objectives, including Qilla Abdullah 5 4 17 Jundullah, carried out 12 terrorist attacks in Qilla Saifullah 1 0 0 Balochistan, killing 10 and injuring another 18 people. Quetta 48 81 107 Sunni extremist outfits, mainly Lashkar-e-Jhangvi, Sibi 5 7 34 carried out 12 attacks – 11 in Quetta and 1 in Bolan – Washuk 1 0 4 against members of Shia community, mainly Zhob 2 5 0 Hazaras, killing 34 and wounding 25 others. Total 218 257 329

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Pakistan Security Report 2015

On the whole, 550 people lost their lives and 395 weapons, attacked the military vehicles killing 3 others sustained injuries in a total of 306 incidents of FC troops and wounding another 5.36 violence of different types reported from the  January 11: A group of about 40 militants province in 2015. These overall violent incidents attacked a check-post in Loralai with rockets included 218 terrorist attacks cited earlier, 31 and gunfire, killing seven FC personnel.37 operational attacks by security forces, 44 armed  March 26: Militants ambushed a police vehicle clashes and encounters between security forces and in Chichloo area on Loralai-Dera Ghazi Khan militants, 10 cross-border attacks in areas bordering road and killed Sub-Inspector of Rakhani Police Iran and Afghanistan, two inter-militants clashes Station, Mohammad Rafiq, and constables and one incident of political violence. Habibullah and Sarfaraz and another policeman. Assailants torched the vehicle after killing four Among those killed in the 306 violent incidents in personnel.38 Balochistan in 2015 were 161 civilians, 298 militants  June 6: Four policemen were killed when and 91 personnel of security and law enforcement militants opened fired at their vehicle in agencies. Quetta’s Pashtoonabad area.39 About one week later, another four policemen were killed near An intense inter-insurgent clash was reported from Mannan Chowk of the city when militants the province, which analysts described as an opened fire at their van.40 indication of growing splits in Baloch insurgency.  August 16: In a gun battle which ensued after an As many as 20 insurgents were killed and several attack on a check-post near the Afghan border in others injured in the clash that took place between Chagai district, at least three soldiers and two two banned Baloch insurgent organizations, United assailants were killed.41 Baloch Army and Balochistan Liberation Army, in  September 2: Qazi Abdul Wahid, a former DIG Kohlu on June 29.35 of police, was shot dead by militants on a A total of 93 bodies were recovered from different motorcycle near his home in Sariab area of areas of the province; their identities are mostly Quetta.42 unknown.  October 19: Two personnel of the Frontier Corps (FC) were killed and six others injured when Security forces, either independently or in their vehicle hit a landmine in Harnai.43 collaboration with bomb disposal squad, foiled 28 terror bids in Balochistan. Apart from targeting security forces, Baloch insurgents hit state installations in Balochistan, 4.2.1 Attacks by Baloch Insurgents including gas pipelines, power pylons, and railway tracks and trains as well as government Different Baloch insurgent groups carried out a total functionaries. A total of 50 such attacks were of 194 terrorist attacks in 24 districts of Balochistan reported in 2015. Most of these attacks were of low in 2015 – a decrease of 37 percent from 2014 – which intensity, claiming nine lives and injuring 20 others killed 213 people and injured 286 others. The tactics besides causing damage to the targeted buildings, the insurgents used included 96 incidents of IEDs installations and infrastructure. Most of the blasts, followed by 71 firing incidents, 18 rocket insurgent attacks against government installations, attacks, 6 grenade attacks, 3 acts of sabotage. property and functionaries were reported form Dera Security and law-enforcement personnel, their Bugti (18 attacks), followed by Nasirabad (10), convoys and check-posts were among the prime Jafarabad (6) and Gwadar (5 attacks). Baloch targets the insurgents hit at: in 78 such targets, 91 insurgents targeted gas pipelines in 25 attacks, people were killed, which included 27 FC troops, 37 power pylons in 8 attacks and railways tracks/trains police officials, 9 Levies, 3 army men, 2 civilians and in 7 attacks, besides carrying out sporadic attacks on 13 militants. Some attacks against the security forces government officials and public property. are described below: In a major attack, on August 30, around 12 armed  January 9: An FC convoy was on routine militants on six motorcycles attacked the Jiwani patrolling in the Santsar area of Gwadar, when airport near Gwadar, killing an engineer of Civil Baloch militants with rockets and sophisticated Aviation Authority. Militants also kidnapped airport manager, Mehmood Niazi. Later during the

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Pakistan Security Report 2015 day, dead body of Niazi was found from near the the attack on the Pashtun fellows. Law enforcement airport.44 On November 1, four people were killed agencies also believed that the UBA was behind the and seven others wounded when Rawalpindi-bound attack and registered an FIR against the group train Jaffar Express hit an improvised explosive commanders Zamuran Marri alias Miran Marri and device planted on a railway track in Dasht area of 11 others.48 Mastung.45 Political leaders and workers and tribal elders, Attacks on non-Baloch workers or settlers, and including pro-government, were targeted by Baloch members of Pashtun community in Balochistan nationalist insurgents, in a total of 20 attacks were another significant feature of the Baloch reported from 12 districts of Balochistan. As many as insurgency in 2015. At least seven such attacks were 20 people were killed and another 25 were wounded reported form Gwadar, Kech, Mastung, Lasbela and in these attacks. Quetta districts of the province that claimed 51 lives. Baloch insurgent groups BLF, BLA and Lashkar-e- Salman Mamnoon, a son of President Mamnoon Balochistan were involved in these attacks. Hussain, escaped a bomb attack on his convoy in Hub on May 24. Three people were killed in the In one such major attack, militants, reportedly of the blast and 15 others injured including eight BLF, shot dead 20 non-Baloch labourers and injured policemen.49On September 12, reportedly BLF 3 others in the Gagdan area of Turbat in the Kech militants first fired rockets and then torched around district, on April 11; 16 of those killed labourers 20 houses of Balochistan Assembly Deputy Speaker belonged to Punjab and 4 victims hailed from Abdul Qudus Bizenjo and his relatives in a village in Sindh.46 Awaran district.50 In Gwadar, a leader of Shabab-i- Milli, Zubair Ahmed Qazi, was gunned down at Later, on May 29, a group of militants abducted Syed Zahoor Shah Hashmi road on September 20. around 30 passengers of two Karachi-bound buses Qazi was nephew of Saeed Ahmed Baloch, the in Mastung and killed 19 of them in the mountains. district chief of Jamaat-e-Islami.51 A day later, three more dead bodies of the abducted persons were found. A Baloch insurgent group Baloch insurgents killed Ali Muhammad Baloch, a United Baloch Army claimed responsibility for the National Party (NP) leader, by opening fire at him attack.47 The attackers, in paramilitary uniforms, outside his residence in Balecha area of Tump (Kech) killed the passengers after checking their identity on October 8.52 Kech is the home town of Balochistan cards. The buses were coming from Pashtun- chief minister Abdul Malik Baloch. In Quetta, on dominated towns of the province, Chaman and October 29, convoy of tribal elder Gul Khan Marri Pishin, and carrying passengers to Karachi. All of hit a landmine in the suburb area of the provincial those killed were ethnic Pashtuns. capital claiming 7 lives; another three people were injured in the blast.53On December 8, National Party While attacks on non-Baloch workers in Balochistan, leaders Attaullah Sajedi and Siddique Sumalani mainly those hailing from Punjab, have become a were shot dead in Khuzdar.54 A week later, Dr Shafi common feature of Baloch insurgency, Pashtuns Muhammad Baloch, younger brother of Khair Jan living in Balochistan were rarely targeted by Baloch Baloch, political adviser to the Chief Minister insurgent groups in the past. Political analysts Balochistan, was gunned down, reportedly by BLF described the killing of Pashtuns by Baloch militants, in Jaahoo area of Awaran district.55 insurgents as a new and dangerous trend. Most political parties including Balochistan’s and also Meanwhile, as many as 37 attacks by Baloch officials of federal and provincial governments nationalist insurgents were targeted against civilians largely linked the Mastung massacre to external killing a 61 people and wounding 124 others. On forces, particularly India. However, as cited earlier, January 26, a van hit a landmine planted on the road the attack was claimed by UBA’s spokesperson in the Sawan Wah area of Nasirabad, causing an Moreed Baloch, calling it a reaction to the on-going explosion that claimed five lives.56 In Sibi, four operation of security forces against Baloch people were killed and twenty others, among them separatists. However, Baloch Republican Party (led children, were injured in a bomb explosion on April by Brahmdagh Bugti), BLA led by Harbiyar Marri, 29. A less known Baloch insurgent group Baloch and Mehran Marri, who leads the UBA, condemned Republican Guard claimed the responsibility for the

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Pakistan Security Report 2015 attack and said security personnel were the target.57 targeted killing – 10 in total; 2 incidents were of On October 19, as many as 11 people were killed suicide explosions. including children and 22 others injured in an explosion inside a passenger bus on Sariab Road, As many as 23 people were killed and 13 others Quetta. Two days later, a spokesman of the banned wounded in 11 reported sectarian-related attacks Young Baloch Tiger claimed responsibility for the from Quetta, which targeted members of Shia attack.58 community, mostly Hazaras. Meanwhile, a sectarian-related suicide attack in an imambargah in 4.2.2 Attacks by Militants Bolan killed as many as 11 people and injured 12 others in October.63(For more details on sectarian- Compared to 20 in previous year, in 2015, the related attacks in Karachi, see Section 6 of the report Pakistan Taliban and other militant groups with titled “Sectarian Violence’’.) similar objectives carried out 12 attacks in Balochistan’s nine districts, killing 10 people and 4.3 Sindh wounding 18 others. A combined five of these attacks were concentrated in Qilla Abdullah and Marked by a decrease of 59 percent from previous Pishin, while one attack each was recorded in year, as many as 102 terrorist attacks took place in Awaran, Bolan, Kech, Qilla Saifullah, Quetta, eight districts of Sindh in 2015, including 85 in Washuk and Zhob. Militants mainly targeted Karachi alone. These attacked claimed 251 lives, a security forces, political leaders, civilians, polio decrease of 26 percent from previous year, and workers, a shrine, and a church in these attacks, injured 211 others. Among those killed in these resorting to firing and IEDs besides one act of attacks were 182 civilians – including a sabotage. considerable number of the members of Shia Hazara and Ismaili communities, who lost their Two Levies personnel were killed and five wounded lives in sectarian-related attacks – and 60 personnel when militants fired on them in Awaran, on January of the police, army, and Rangers, besides nine 8. A letter was recovered from a victim’s pocket in militants. Among those injured were 195 civilians which the Pakistani Taliban had accepted and 16 personnel of security and law enforcement responsibility of the attack.59In Quetta, Jundullah, a agencies. splinter group of the TTP, opened fire at a polio team on Quetta’s Sirki road, on February 4, killing Despite an overall reported decrease in terrorism- one policeman escorting the team and injuring one related fatalities in Sindh in 2015, the number of polio worker.60 In another related attack, on people killed in sectarian-related terrorist attacks in February 12, militants of TTP (Abdul Qadir Qurbani the province increased by about 62 percent, from group) kidnapped two polio workers and its two 102 in 2014 to 165 in 2015. Levies escorts from Zhob. After few days, the dead Most of the reported attacks from Sindh in 2015 bodies of the kidnapped persons were found from (63) were carried out by the factions of the TTP and mountains.61 A church came under firing in associated or other militants with similar Christian colony of Pishin on March 2. A security objectives. These attacks, which mainly targeted guard was injured; militants snatched his gun and policemen and Rangers, killed 82 people and ran away.62 injured 51 others. Meanwhile 27 sectarian-related 4.2.3 Sectarian-related Attacks attacks – 25 in Karachi and one each in Shikarpur and Jacobabad – claimed 165 lives besides inflicting A total of 12 sectarian-related attacks took place in injuries on 120 others. Sindhi and Baloch Balochistan in 2015, 11 in Quetta alone, representing nationalist insurgents carried out a total of 12 a decrease of 20 percent from previous year. These attacks in Sindh killing four and wounding 40 attacks claimed 34 lives and inflicted injuries on 25 people. Six of these attacks were launched by the others. All these attacks were launched by Lashkar- Baloch insurgent group BLA, in Kashmore and e-Jhangvi, and most among those killed in these Jacobabad districts of Sindh bordering on attacks were members of the Shia Hazara Balochistan, and the remaining six were reportedly community. Also, most of the sectarian-related carried out by the Sindhu Desh Liberation Army, attacks reported from Balochistan were incidents of or Front.

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Table 10: Terrorist Attacks in Sindh army men and six officials of Rangers lost their lives in 40 militant attacks that exclusively targeted Types of No. of security and law enforcement agencies. Most of Killed Injured Attacks Attacks these attacks (36) were incidents of targeted killings By nationalist while three attacks employed IEDs attacks, besides 12 4 40 insurgents one suicide blast. Security forces and law enforcers, By Taliban mainly police, were targeted across Karachi and similar 63 82 51 including in Kalakot, Malir, Musa Lane, Defense militants Housing Authority, Bilal Town, Site Area, Shah Sectarian- Faisal Colony, North Karachi, Bhangoria Goth, related 27 165 120 Landhi, Gulistan-i-Jauhar, Awami Colony, Orangi attacks Town, Azizabad, North Nazimabad, Samanabad, Total 102 251 211 Banaras Colony, Shahrah-i-Liaquat, Surjani Town, Gulshan-i-Hadeed, Korangi, Ittehad Town, and As many as 242 of the total number of people killed M.A. Jinnah Road areas. (or 96 percent) in terrorist attacks in Sindh were concentrated in three cities; Karachi, and Shikarpur Some of the police officers targeted killed by and Jacobabad in interior Sindh. militants in Karachi in 2015 included Station Head Officer (SHO) Ijaz Ahmad; Deputy Superintendent Table 11: Regional Distribution of Terrorist of Police (DSP) Majeed Abbas; DSP Zulfiqar Zaidi; Attacks in Sindh DSP Abdul Fatah Sangri; and Superintendent of Police (SP) Ejaz Haider, a former jailer of the No. of Hyderabad central prison. Location Killed Injured Attacks On March 10, four policemen on a patrol van came Ghotki 1 2 0 under fire near Gul Plaza in the city, resulting in Hyderabad 2 1 0 the death of three policemen and injuries to the Jacobabad 6 29 70 fourth. Four militants riding two motorbikes Karachi 85 150 80 perpetrated the attack.64 In another major attack on Kashmore 5 1 12 security forces, apparently a suicide bomber Nawabshah 1 1 1 coming from wrong side of the road, drove his Shikarpur 1 63 47 motorcycle into the Rangers mobile van on March Sukkur 1 4 1 20, killing two personnel and injuring four others.65 Total 102 251 211 On May 2, five militants were killed in an exchange of fire with security forces when they attacked a 4.3.1 Karachi convoy of Senior Superintendent Police (SSP) Rao 66 Showing a 61 percent decrease from previous year, Anwar. In another related attack reported from as many as 85 terrorist attacks took place in Karachi, on August 12, militants shot dead four Karachi in 2015, which claimed 150 lives, a policemen after they parked their patrol van 67 decrease of 53 percent as compared to 2014, and outside a restaurant and started taking meals. On injured 80 others. Out of the total 85 attacks, 59 November 20, two soldiers of paramilitary Rangers were carried out by the TTP and other militants of were shot at a picket and another two in a vehicle similar nature, 25 attacks were sectarian-related, outside a mosque in Ittehad Town, as three men mainly launched by sectarian terrorist groups such opened fire on them and sped away on their as Sunni groups LeJ and Jundullah and Shia groups motorcycle; all the four targeted Rangers personnel 68 including Sipah-e-Muhammad Pakistan (SMP).One died. attack by the SDLF targeted a railway track in the Militants also targeted media and journalists in a city. total of three attacks in Karachi in 2015. On September 9, senior journalist Aftab Alam was shot Personnel and officers of security forces and law dead outside his home in North Karachi. Later, on enforcement agencies were frequently targeted by September 21, police claimed to have arrested a the Taliban and other militants in Karachi during Sipah-e-Muhammad activist Zeeshan Haider who the year under review. At least 47 policemen, three

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Pakistan Security Report 2015 revealed during investigation that he was among the Separately, TTP militants opened fire at the Zinda killers of Aftab Alam. Reportedly Haider belonged Pir Shrine located in Mehran Town, Korangi to Raza Imam group of the SMP, and the killing of Industrial Area on September 18 that left two people Aftab Alam-adherent of Sunni sect-was carried out dead and four others wounded.79 to create panic in the city.69 In another attack on media, men on a motorcycle opened fire at a digital Apart from the attacks by the Taliban and other satellite news-gathering (DSNG) van of Samaa TV in militants, violent sectarian groups carried out a Liaquatabad area on September 20; no casualty was total of 25 attacks in Karachi, killing 74 people and reported.70Separately, attackers riding motorcycles injuring 33 others. Of these attacks, as many as 12 fired straight shots at the Dawn DSNG van near attacks hit members and leaders of Sunni Essa Nagri on November 27.71 community; 11 hit Shia religious community; while 1 attack each targeted Ismaili and Bohra Meanwhile two attacks targeted political leaders. communities. With the exception of the massacre of Reportedly, the TTP militants target killed Awami the members of Ismaili community in a bus in National Party’s district west chief Saifullah Khan Safoora Goth that killed 43 people, and an IED on January 5 at his fuel station on Jhangvi Road. He blast that targeted a mosque of Bohra community, had hitherto received threats from the Taliban all other sectarian-related attacks reported form the militants.72 A grenade attack on a Pakistan People’ city were incidents of targeted killing. (For more Party office in Lyari, on November 13, injured seven details on sectarian-related attacks in Karachi, see people; the PPP’s local leaders Hashim Baloch and Section 6 of the report titled “Sectarian Violence’’.) Aslam Sammu were also present in office but remained unhurt.73 4.3.2 Interior Sindh

In April, two prominent figures including civil As many as 101 people were killed in Sindh society activist Sabeen Mahmud and a Karachi (excluding Karachi) and 131 others sustained university teacher Dr Wahidur Rahman were target injuries in a total of 17 reported terrorist attacks in killed in the city, spreading a wave of fear 2015. This marked a significant 339 percent increase particularly among civil society and academic in terrorism-related fatalities in interior Sindh, circles. In another similar incident, an American compared to previous year, despite a 45 percent national Debra Lobo, vice principal of the Jinnah decrease in the number of terrorist attacks. Medical and Dental College's student affairs wing, A total of 91 people were killed and another 87 was shot and seriously injured on Shaheed-e-Millat injured in just two sectarian-related suicide attacks Road on April 16.74 reported from Shikarpur and Jacobabad, which Four militant attacks reportedly hit educational targeted members of Shia religious community. The institutions in Karachi. Two men on a motorcycle attack in Shikarpur, which targeted an imambargah, lobbed explosive material near a private school in or worship place of Shia Muslims, on January 30 Block 7 of Gulshan-e-Iqbal that exploded but caused killed 63 and injured 47 people. In Jacobabad, a no casualty. Two others on another motorbike Moharram procession came under suicide attack on dropped the leaflets saying “drop the executions [of October 23, claiming 27 lives. militants’ associates] if you want school children to The Baloch and Sindhi nationalists groups carried remain safe.”75 On March 1, an explosive device out 11 attacks in interior Sindh, claiming four lives weighing about half a kilogram was placed near a and injuring 40 people. The TTP and some unknown boundary wall of Government Primary School for militants apparently with similar objectives Girls at Gul Mohammad Kalmati Goth near Murtaza launched four attacks, killing six people and injuring Chowrangi. The blast damaged the boundary wall four others. of the school.76 Later, on March 18, a grenade hurled by some motorcyclists at Beacon-house School Nationalist insurgents carried out attacks in four System, in North Nazimabad’s Block-B, exploded at districts of interior Sindh including Ghotki, the boundary wall near its main gate; no casualty Hyderabad, Jacobabad and Kashmore, mainly 77 was recorded in the blast. On August 31, militants targeting railways tracks/trains, civilian and one gas opened fire before launching three rockets on a local pipeline. Baloch insurgent group BLA was involved 78 university near Pehlwan Goth area of Karachi. in six attacks reported form Jacobabad and

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Pakistan Security Report 2015

Kashmore, while SDLA carried out five attacks in all which started in 2012, continued through 2013 and four districts cited earlier. On February 12, 2014, into 2015. (For more details on incidents of ethno- seventeen people, including women and children, political and election-related violence in Pakistan in were injured when a bomb blast blew up three 2015, see Section 7 of this report) bogies of the Peshawar-bound Khushhal Khan Khattak Express coming from Karachi and derailed Chart 3: Trends of Ethno-political Violence in another two at Noor Wah locality in Jacobabad.80 On Karachi (2012-15) May 13, seven passengers were injured when Khushal Khan Khattak Express was derailed after a Incidents Killed seven feet long railway track was damaged in an 81 IED blast in Kashmore. In Ghotki, on May 15, two 275 sons of a police constable were killed when a toy bomb exploded in Faisal Kolachi village.82 222 176 183 Meanwhile, the Taliban and some unknown militants carried out attacks against security forces and polio vaccinators in Jacobabad, Hyderabad, 101 67 Nawabshah and Sukkur districts of Sindh. Two 26 members of a polio team were injured when a group 23 of six men armed with hatchets and clubs attacked it 2012 2013 2014 2015 in Bahadurpur village near Thull town in Jacobabad on February 4.83 In Sukkur, armed militants opened fire on Rangers team on July 1, killing two officers 4.4 Punjab and wounding another. In retaliatory fire, Rangers Compared to 2014, in 2015, Punjab was found less killed two militants.84 On September 21, police sub- disturbed. A total of 24 terrorist attacks killed 83 inspector Ishtiaq Awan, an eyewitness in a people and injured 245 others, in the reported year, policeman murder case registered against Tahir marking 41 percent decrease in terror attacks and 34 Minhas-the prime suspect in the Safoora Goth percent decrease in killings, when compared with carnage case-was gunned down outside his house in 2014. Mumtaz Colony in Hyderabad.85 Those killed included 73 civilians, 7 police 4.3.3 Ethno-political Violence in Karachi personnel, and 3 militants. Those injured included Compared to 67 in previous year, 23 incidents of 239 civilians and 6 police personnel. ethno-political violence took place in Karachi in As of the 23 attacks, 2 were carried out by nationalist 2015, which claimed 26 lives and injured five insurgents; 18, by militants; whereas 4 were others. Among those killed in these incidents of targeted killing and clashes, by supporters and sectarian-related. workers of rival political parties and groups, were Balochistan Liberation Army (BLA) carried out two members, leaders or supporters of the following attacks in the southern Punjab districts of Rajanpur political parties: Mutahidda Qaumi Movement, and Rahim Yar Khan, targeting railway tracks there. Mohajir Qaumi Movement (also known as MQM- In one attack, the BLA targeted Khushal Khan Haqiqi), Pakistan People’s Party, Jamaat-e-Islami, Express, derailing its six bogies and injuring 4 Sunni Tehreek, and Pakistan Muslim League- civilians86. Nawaz (PML-N). Jamaatul Ahrar, Lashkar-e-Jhangvi and Sipah-e- Most of these incidents were recorded in Azizabad, Muhammad carried out sectarian attacks in Punjab Orangi Town, Manghopir, North Karachi, Korangi, during 2015. A suicide bomber blew himself at an Gulsitan-e-Jauhar, Malir, Farid Colony, Akbar imambargah in Chatian Hatain area of Rawalpindi, Goth, Pak Colony, New Karachi Industrial Area, killing as many as eight people and injuring another Faisal Town and Bahadurabad. 16. The attack was the handiwork of Jamaatul Ahrar, a splinter of TTP87. Overall, a decline in the number of incidents of ethno-political violence taking place in Karachi,

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Pakistan Security Report 2015

The most-hit district in Punjab during 2015 was bomber entered the guests visiting area and Rawalpindi, with 5 terror incidents. Of these, 2 were exploded his suicide vest, killing the minister sectarian in nature, while other 3 were terrorism in besides 18 others, while injuring another 2589. general. In these attacks, 12 people died and 19 were injured. In yet another development from , militants affiliated with ISIS threw a cracker outside the office On the other hand, the provincial capital Lahore of Din News channel. Four people, including two faced the highest number of casualties in 2015, with policemen and two civilians, were injured in the 23 killings and 104 injuries. blast. A leaflet was also thrown by militants over the site of attack, bearing slogans/monograms of ISIS90. Table 12: Terrorist Attacks in Punjab A hand grenade was also hurled at the bureau office of Express News TV channel in Sargodha. A civilian District Attacks Killed Injured was injured in the attack.91

Attock 1 19 25 4.5 Gilgit-Baltistan Bahawalpur 1 1 12 Dera Ghazi Khan 2 9 13 In 2015, Gilgit-Baltistan faced 4 terrorist attacks, one more than in 2014, marking an increase of 33 percent Faisalabad 2 1 2 increase. Gujranwala 2 4 0 Gujrat 1 2 2 The prime targets of these attacks were check posts of the security forces including Rangers and police Lahore 5 23 106 force. Multan 2 12 61 Rahim Yar Khan 1 0 0 In these 4 attacks, a total of 15 people were injured and no one was killed. Among the total injured, ten Rajanpur 1 0 4 were of police force while five others were of Rawalpindi 5 12 19 Rangers. The number of killings decline by 100 Sargodha 1 0 1 percent, whereas the injuries jumped 25 percent Total 24 83 245 ahead, compared to the previous year. The TTP and other groups with similar objectives In Lahore, most of the attacks were traced to the had carried out these attacks. TTP, its splinter Jamaatul Ahrar, and militants affiliated with the ISIS. They primarily targeted The district of Diamir faced 2 terrorist attacks, personnel of security and law-enforcement agencies; whereas Ghizer and Gilgit recorded 1 attack each. members of minorities, Christians in particular; and journalists. In March, terrorist attacked a check post manned by Pakistan Rangers at Basha area in Diamir district, Law-enforcement agencies and security forces, for injuring five of them. According to the police, the instance, faced 5 terror attacks. A similar number of attack seems to be in reaction to a search operation attacks, 5, also targeted the civilians. Political being carried out in the area against two high-profile leaders/workers, journalists and Shia religious terrorists, including one who was involved in attack community were targeted three times each, whereas over foreigners in Nanga Parbat and who had members of Christian communities were targeted escaped from Gilgit jail few days ago92. twice. Railway tracks, too, were hit twice in 2015. Later, in the month of November, police, acting In March 2015, Taliban suicide bombers targeted 2 upon a tip-off, laid sieged to a house where the same churches, located close to each other, in Yuhanabad accused, identified as Rahimullah, was hiding. area of Lahore. In the attack, 18 civilians were killed Rahimullah hurled hand grenades over police and 88 whereas 70 others were injured . managed to escape from the scene. In the incident, 10 policemen were injured93. In one of the deadliest attacks of 2015, militants targeted Punjab Home Minister Colonel (Retd) Shuja Unknown terrorists, twelve in number and wearing Khanzada in his ancestral town Attock. A suicide army uniform, stormed a police check point at

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Pakistan Security Report 2015

Chashi Nullah in Ghizer district. They didn’t kill or Ghulam Mujtaba Baloch, escaped a terrorist attack injure the policemen, but tied them with ropes and near Iqbal Hall locality in Islamabad. Terrorist fired took away weapons and ammunition from their gun shots on the brothers, resulting into the injuries possession94. This tactic has been used by militant in of ASWJ president, who was later on shifted to the area in the previous year (2014) too, as militants, hospital.97 wearing army uniform and numbering over three dozen, stormed a police station in Diamir district 5. Suicide Attacks and took away arms and ammunition from police force. Pakistan faced 18 suicide attacks in 2015, which is 31 percent low than in 2014. At least, 252 people were Table 13: Terrorist Attacks in Gilgit-Baltistan killed and 434 others were injured in these attacks.

District Attacks Killed Injured Death toll from suicide attacks this year increased by Diamir 2 0 5 29 percent from 2014. Those killed included 208 civilians, 24 militants, 11 policemen, 7 Army Ghizer 1 0 0 personnel and 2 Rangers personnel. The number of Gilgit 1 0 10 injured marked a 08 percent decline from 2014 and Total 4 0 15 included 394 civilians, 22 policemen, 4 Rangers, 7 Army personnel, and 7, militants. 4.6 Islamabad Table 14: Suicide Attacks in Pakistan The federal capital Islamabad witnessed an annual decline of 79 percent in terrorist attacks this year, as District Attacks Killed Injured three (3) attacks occurred this year (2015) compared Attock 1 19 25 to 14 last year (2014). Bannu 1 1 0 The death toll too decline to around 91 percent. In Bolan 1 11 12 total, 4 people died this year, compared to 44 in the Charsadda 2 3 5 previous year. So did the injuries, by 98 percent, as Dera Ghazi Khan 1 8 13 five people, all civilians were wounded in 2015. Jacobabad 1 28 40 All the terrorist attacks in 2015 in Islamabad were Karachi 1 2 4 sectarian in nature. Khyber Agency 1 6 56 Lahore 2 23 98 In Shakrial area, Jundullah, a splinter of the TTP, detonated explosive materials inside the Qasr-i- Peshawar 2 26 54 Sakina Imambargah, where people were busy Quetta 1 2 0 offering prayers. Four people injured in the blast. Rawalpindi 1 8 16 The militants had killed all the three on-duty Shikarpur 1 63 47 security guards, before approaching the main prayers hall. According to police, the explosive vest South Waziristan 1 26 14 of the militants didn’t explode completely, resulting Agency into less damage. The same imambargah was Mardan 1 26 50 attacked in 2009.95 Total 18 252 434 Maulana Ilyas Khan, a senior member of Ahle Sunnat Wal Jammat, was shot dead in his car, as he Most of the suicide attacks targeted security forces left Jamia Masjid Hasnain in Soan Garden after and their check posts. Six such attacks were carried leading Isha prayers. According to police, two out against them, killing 42 of their personnel terrorists riding a motorbike killed the Maulana, besides wounding another 111. after which they escaped.96 Out of total 18 suicide attacks, 6 were sectarian In a similar nature attack, ASWJ president Ghulam related, taking the highest toll, as 136 people were Mustafa Baloch, accompanied by his brother, killed and 163 were injured.

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Pakistan Security Report 2015

Three suicide attacks were carried out on political In Bolan district of Balochistan, suicide bombers, workers and leaders, in 2015, killing 29 people and belonging to LeJ, targeted an imambargah located in injuring 39 others. Bhag area, killing 11 people, including six children, while leaving 12 others injured.105 Christians, worship places including imambargah and civilians in general, too, were targeted in the In Lashari Muhalla area, an Ashura procession came attacks. under the attack of powerful suicide blast. 28 people including children died, and 40 others were Province-wise, Punjab witnessed five (5) suicide injured.106 attacks, KPK six (6), Sindh faced three (3), whereas Balochistan and FATA experienced two attacks 6. Sectarian Violence each. A visible downward turn in the incidents of In terms of death toll, Sindh was the worst-affected sectarian violence that started in 2013 and province, where 93 people lost their lives. This was continued in 2014, sustained in the year 2015. followed by Punjab with 58 killings; KP, 56, FATA, Representing a significant decrease of 59 percent 32; and Balochistan with 13 killings. from the year before, a total 58 incidents of sectarian violence were recorded across Pakistan in In Rawalpindi’s Chatian Hatian area, a suicide 2015; all these incidents were sectarian-related bomber targeted an imambargah, killing at least 8 terrorist attacks, as no sectarian clash was reported 98 people and injuring 16 others. during the year. (See Chart 4)

In Sindh’s Shikarpur district, a suicide blast targeted However, the number of people killed in incidents an imambargah located near Lakhi Gate, during of sectarian violence in 2015 increased by about 7 Friday prayers. 63 people died and 47 were injured percent, from 255 in 2014 to 272 in 2015, mainly due 99 in the attack. to some lethal sectarian-related blasts in interior Sindh and Karachi. Meanwhile, at least 283 people In Peshawar, KP, three suicide bombers dressed in were also injured in these incidents of sectarian police uniforms carried out brazen attack over an violence in 2015, compared to 332 in previous year. imambargah, killing 24 people and injuring 48 100 others. Whereas in Mardan suicide bomber Chart 4: Trends of Sectarian Violence (2010-2015) attacked a government department, NADRA, killing at least 26 and injuring another 50 injured101.

In Lahore’s Yuhanabad locality, two suicide 1569 bombers belonging to Jamaatul Ahrar targeted two 1319 nearby located churches, killing as many as 19 people besides leaving 67 injured102. 900 663 687 626 563 332 In Ladha tehsil of South Waziristan Agency, 397 285 272 militants belonging to TTP’s Sajna group stormed 213 255 152 139 220 security check post in Preghal locality. In the attack, 144 58 a suicide bomber blew himself, leading to an 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 ensuing gun fight between attackers and the security Sectarian Attacks and Clashes forces. 26 people died, including 19 militants and 7 army personnel, whereas 14 people were injured Killed including 7 militants and 7 security forces.103 Injured

In Punjab’s Attock district, 2 Taliban suicide bombers stormed the house of Punjab’s Interior Also, compared to 29 districts in 2013, and 31 in Minister, Colonel (rtd) Shuja Khanzada. 19 people 2014, incidents of sectarian violence were reported including the minister died in the attack, whereas 25 from 15 districts from across Pakistan in 2015. That others were injured.104 implies that the flashpoints of sectarian violence were more specific during the year under review.

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Pakistan Security Report 2015

About 98 percent of the total number of people particular sect, or religious scholars, clerics; killed in sectarian-related terrorist attacks across professionals including doctors and teachers; Pakistan in 2015 were concentrated in eight members and office bearers of religious/sectarian districts/regions, which include Sindh’s Jacobabad, organizations; religious gatherings and processions Shikarpur and Karachi districts; Balochistan’s including Moharram processions, worship places, Quetta and Bolan districts; the twin cities of vans/buses carrying members of a certain sect, Islamabad and Rawalpindi; Khyber Pakhtunkhwa’s localities and residence areas of a certain sect, and provincial capital Peshawar; and Parachinar in others. Kurram Agency of the Federally-Administered Tribal Areas. Also, out of the total 58 reported As many as six of total sectarian-related attacks sectarian-related attacks across Pakistan, as many as recorded in Pakistan in 2015 were suicide blasts – 52 (91 percent of the total) occurred in these eight two in Balochistan (Bolan, Quetta), two in Sindh locations. Almost all of the people injured in (Jacobabad, Shikarpur), and one each in Punjab sectarian attacks in Pakistan in 2015 were also (Rawalpindi) and KP (Peshawar). A total of 136 concentrated in these cities. (See Chart 5) people were killed and 163 wounded in these sectarian-related suicide attacks, which targeted Chart 5: Sectarian Flashpoints in 2015 adherents of the Shia sect of Islam. Sunni sectarian militant group Lashkar-e-Jhangvi as well as Sectarian-related Attacks Killed Injured Jundullah, Jamaatul Ahrar and the TTP perpetrated these suicide blasts. 74 63 65 However, sectarian militant groups including the LeJ and Sipah-e-Muhammad Pakistan used firing in 47 50 40 most of attacks (47), besides employing grenades in 33 28 29 three and IEDs in two attacks. 23 25 22 25 1112 11 13 13 The highest number of sectarian-related terrorist 5 6 1 1 1 2 attacks from any one region of Pakistan in 2015 was reported from Sindh, where 165 people lost their lives and 120 others were injured in 27 such attacks recorded in Shikarpur, Jacobabad and Karachi. As many as 12 reported sectarian attacks from Balochistan’s two districts claimed 34 lives and wounded 25 people. Ten sectarian-related attacks reported from KP’s five districts killed 34 and Out of the total 58 sectarian-related terrorist attacks wounded 51 people. Seven such attacks in Punjab reported from Pakistan in 2015, as many as 37, or and Islamabad claimed 14 lives, while two sectarian- about 64 percent, targeted the Shia community, related attacks in FATA’s Kurram Agency killed 25 including Hazaras in Balochistan; 19 attacks (33 people. (See Table 15) percent) targeted the Sunni community, mainly in Table 15: Sectarian-related Terrorist Karachi; and one attack each hit members of Ismaili Attacks in 2015 and Bohra communities in Karachi.

The attacks on members of Shia community claimed Province District Attacks Killed Injured 207 lives besides wounding another 254. Meanwhile, Gujranwala 1 1 0 sectarian-related attacks on Sunni community members caused death to 20 people and inflicted Lahore 1 0 2 injuries on eight. Another 45 people were killed and Punjab & Islamabad 3 4 5 23 others injured in (two) attacks on Ismaili and Islamabad Rawalpindi 2 9 17 Bohra communities in Karachi. Punjab & On the whole, the sectarian-related terrorist attacks Islamabad 7 14 24 hit diverse targets, including general adherents of a Total

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Pakistan Security Report 2015

Province District Attacks Killed Injured 40 others. Until 27th October, the death toll had reached 28, including 18 children.109 Bolan 1 11 12 Among 25 sectarian-related attacks reported from Quetta 11 23 13 Balochistan Karachi was a lethal and cold-blooded massacre of Balochistan 12 34 25 members of Ismail community that sent waves of Total terror across the city. At least, 43 people were killed, Jacobabad 1 28 40 including 16 women, and 13 others wounded when Karachi 25 74 33 six militants opened fire inside a bus carrying Sindh members of the Ismaili community near Safoora Shikarpur 1 63 47 Chowk on May 13. A TTP-associated group Sindh Total 27 165 120 Jundullah, which also pledged allegiance to ISIS in the past, claimed responsibility for the attack.110 Kurram 2 25 65 Leaflets of ISIS were also found from the place of FATA Agency attack. According to experts, a sort of operational FATA Total 2 25 65 nexus was emerging in the city between Jundullah D.I. Khan 1 1 0 and LeJ, who have also remained close to the TTP and Al-Qaeda in Pakistani tribal areas and Hangu 1 2 1 elsewhere. KP Mansehra 1 1 0 On March 20, two worshipers were killed and nearly Nowshera 1 1 0 a dozen wounded in a bomb blast outside a mosque of the Dawoodi Bohra community in the congested Peshawar 6 29 50 Aram Bagh neighborhood of Karachi.111 Religious KP Total 10 34 51 beliefs and practices of Dawoodi Bohras are close to the Shia sect of Islam. Pakistan Total 58 272 285 Apart from that, most of sectarian attacks reported Representing a decrease of about 69 percent from from Karachi were incidents of targeted killing the year before, a total of 27 sectarian-related attacks carried out by LeJ and a Shia sectarian group Sipah- occurred in Sindh in 2015, including 25 in Karachi e-Muhammad Pakistan (SMP). Some prominent and 2 in interior of Sindh. However, the number of figures target killed on sectarian grounds in Karachi people killed in such attacks in Sindh in 2015 (165) in 2015 included ASWJ’s local leader Hakeem posted an increase of about 62 percent from the year Muhammad; Maulana Iftikhar Ahmed, a teacher at before. That was mainly due to, as cited earlier, three Jamia Binoria and supporter of the ASWJ; major sectarian-related attacks that took place in Mohammed Karim, a textile mills general manager Shikarpur, Jacobabad and Karachi. belonging to the Ismaili community – a sub-sect of Shia sect; Talat Mehmood, a school teacher A lethal blast occurred at Masjid-o-Imambargah associated with the ASWJ; District Korangi Karbala-i-Moulla near Lakhi Gate in Shikarpur on president of ASWJ Maulana Shabbir Hyderi; and Dr January 30, when hundreds of people were listening Mohammad Fayaz Khan, general secretary of the to the Friday sermon before offering prayers. The Karachi chapter of the ASWJ. blast killed at least 63 people and injured 47 others.107 Chief of the CID’s counter-terrorism unit Sectarian-related targeted killings in Karachi were Raja Umer Khattab revealed the next day that it was reported from Nazimabad, Pahar Ganj, Paposh a suicide attack.108 He said Lashkar-e-Jhangvi could Nagar, Baldia Town, Gulshan-i-Iqbal, Korangi, be behind the attack although earlier Jundullah and Binori Town, Quaidabad, North Nazimabad, Shah Jaishul Islam had also separately claimed Faisal Colony, Gulistan-i-Jauhar, Shershah, Bagh-i- responsibility for the attack. Malir, Liaquatabad-II, and Alflah areas.

In Jacobabad, a powerful suicide blast ripped In Balochistan, the number of sectarian-related through a Muharram procession observed by Shia attacks fell by 20 percent from the previous year, Muslims in Lashari Muhalla on October 23, killing and the number of people killed in such attacks 22 people, mostly children, and injuring more than decreased by over 60 percent. As many as 12 such

29

Pakistan Security Report 2015 attacks killed 34 and injured 25 others in Balochistan Three of sectarian-related attacks – incidents of in 2015. targeted killing – were perpetrated by the Shia sectarian group SMP, which killed ASWJ spokesman A single sectarian-related blast reported from Bolan Maulana Mazhar Siddiqui117 in Rawalpindi on district of the province, in October, killed 11 people, February 15 and another senior member of the including six children, and injured 12 others. The ASWJ Maulana Ilyas Khan118 in Islamabad on June 1, blast occurred when a suicide bomber blew himself besides injuring ASWJ leader Ghulam Mustafa at an imambargah (Shia mosque) in Bhag area of the Baloch in Islamabad on June 26.119 district.112 People had gathered at the imambargah to attend an Ashura majlis. Ashura gatherings are In Rawalpindi, a sectarian-related suicide blast took held by Shia Muslims during the first ten days of the place outside Imambargah Aun Mohammad Rizvi in Islamic month of Muharram to celebrate the Chatian Hatian area on January 9, also damaging the martyrdom of Hazrat Hussain, a nephew of the building. An Eid Miladun Nabi (birthday Holy Prophet (PBUH). celebration of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)) congregation was being observed at the As many as 11 out of 12 sectarian attacks reported imambargah at the time of the blast, which killed from Balochistan concentrated in Quetta – all eight and wounded 16 others.120 Reportedly, perpetrated by Lashkar-e-Jhangvi – which killed 23 Jamaatul Ahrar, a splinter group of the TTP, was people, most of them Shia Hazaras, and wounded 13 involved in the attack. On February 18, at least three others. Two Hazara men were killed and another people were killed and two others injured in a gun- was injured in a gun attack on the booking office of and-suicide-bomb attack at the Imambargah Qasr-i- a bus service in Satellite Town, Quetta, on April Sakina, located in the rural locality of Shakrial, near 27.113 Four other members of Hazara community the Faizabad Interchange that links Rawalpindi and were killed in two separate incidents of targeted Islamabad. The outlawed Jundullah extremist group killing reported from the city, on May 25 and 27, claimed responsibility for the attack.121 In respectively. On June 7, four masked men riding Gujranwala, a Shia leader Syed Mazahir Ali Bukhari two motorcycles opened fire at the people inside was shot dead on March 20,122 reportedly by LeJ four shops owned by Hazara community members. militants. Four people were killed on the spot while the fifth victim succumbed to his injuries on the way to In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 10 reported sectarian- hospital.114 On July 6, two brothers belonging to the related attacks, including a suicide blast, killed 34 Shia Hazara community were entering the passport people besides inflicting injuries on 51 others. This office along with their parents when the waiting represented a 41 percent decrease in such attacks gunmen opened fire, killing them both. A policeman reported from KP in 2014; however the number of who was passing by the site was also killed, after he people killed in sectarian attacks in KP increased shot and wounded one of the attackers.115 Later, on slightly from the previous year’s 33. Six of these July 17, a suicide bomber in women's clothes attacks in KP targeted members of Shia community attempted to enter Hazara Town, largely populated while the remaining four hit adherents of the Sunni by the Shia Hazara minority community. When sect. With the exception of one suicide blast, all intercepted by security guard, he detonated his other sectarian-related attacks reported form KP explosives, killing the guard and himself.116 were incidents of targeted killing carried out by the militants of LeJ and SMP. On February 13, at least A combined number of seven sectarian-related three suicide bombers and as many armed attackers terrorist attacks in Punjab and Islamabad killed 14 and gunmen dressed in police uniforms attacked people and injured 24 others in 2015. This is a 63 Shia worshipers offering Friday prayers in an percent decrease from the number of such attacks imambargah in Hayatabad area of Peshawar, reported across Punjab and Islamabad in 2014. Four adjacent to Khyber Agency of FATA. Initially 21 of these attacks targeted Shia and the other three, people were reported killed and 50 injured; later two Sunni community members. Five of these attacks of the injured died in hospital.123 concentrated in the twin cities of Rawalpindi- Islamabad and one attack each took place in Those who died in sectarian-related targeted killing Gujranwala and Lahore. in KP included a Shia doctor in Peshawar, ASWJ tehsil president Maulana Mehmood Shah in

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Pakistan Security Report 2015

Mansehra, a prominent Sunni religious scholar and In all, 104 reported incidents of violence in 2015, administrator of a madrassa Maulana Amir Hamza including terrorist attacks and incidents of political in Nowshera, a senior worker of ASWJ Fiaz-ul-Din and election-related violence, against political Qadri in Dera Ismail Khan, and a spiritual healer leaders and workers claimed the lives of 138 people Hayat Ali Qalandar in Hangu. and injured 356 others. (See Chart 5)

Two sectarian attacks took place in Kurram Agency Chart 5: Violence against Political Leaders, of FATA during the year under review, which Workers in 2015 claimed 25 lives and wounded 65 others. On

December 13, at least 25 people were killed and 62 400 356 injured when a device containing about 35 350 kilograms of explosives ripped through a makeshift 300 281 market in Parachinar, where a large number of people were buying second-hand clothes. Lashkar-e- 250 Jhangvi Al-Aalmi and South Waziristan-based 200 138 150 Ansarul Mujahideen separately claimed 104 responsibility for the attack.124 The second attack 75 81 100 57 63 41 was also reported form Parachinar, where militants 50 hurled a hand grenade at residence of a Shia Muslim 0 Tahir Hussain on January 12. As a result of the blast, Terrorist Attacks Incidents of Total the house owner, his wife and a son sustained Political & wounds.125 Election-related Violence 6.1 Attacks on Shrines No. of Incidents Killed Injured At least three attacks in 2015 hit shrines. In Mach area of Bolan district in Balochistan, some unknown 7.1 Terrorist Attacks on Political Leaders militants set the Ghosia Alia Shrine on fire on February 6. However, no casualty was recorded.126 The TTP, local Taliban groups and others with In Bajaur Agency, two rooms of a shrine in Arang in similar objectives such as Jamaatul Ahrar targeted Utmankhel tehsil were destroyed when an explosive political leaders in a total of 26 attacks, mainly in planted by militants went off, on May 15.127 In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, FATA, Karachi, as well as in Karachi, armed militants opened fire at the Zinda Punjab and parts of Balochistan. A total of 49 people, Pir Shrine located in Mehran Town, Kornagi mostly leaders and workers of political parties, lost Industrial Area, on September 18, that left two their lives in these attacks and 58 others were people dead and four others wounded.128 injured. Meanwhile, 15 such attacks were reportedly launched by the Baloch insurgents, killing 8 people 7. Violence against Political Leaders and and wounding 17 others. Workers Apart from three suicide attacks – two by Jamaatul Compared to 56 in 2014, as many as 41 terrorist Ahrar and one by the TTP – the militants and Baloch attacks in 2015 targeted political leaders and insurgents employed IEDs in 12 attacks, firing in 20 workers in 25 districts of the country, which claimed attacks, grenades in 3 attacks, besides two rocket the lives of 57 people, exactly same as in previous attacks and one act of sabotage, to hit political year, and injured 75 others. leaders and workers.

Apart from that, a total of 63 incidents of politically- In terms of casualties in attacks on political leaders, motivated violence and clashes between supporters Punjab suffered the most, where 30 people, mostly and workers of different political parties were political leaders/workers including Punjab Home reported in 2015, including those connected with Minister Shuja Khanzada, were killed and 38 others different rounds of local bodies elections held injured in just three attacks. In Balochistan, 18 such during the year, which killed 81 people besides attacks took place, followed by Khyber inflicting injuries on another 281. Pakhtunkhwa (15 attacks), Sindh (2 attacks), and FATA (3 attacks). (See Chart 6)

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Pakistan Security Report 2015

Chart 6: Terrorist Attacks on Political

Leaders/Workers in 2015

No. of Attacks Killed Injured

Target

Attacks Groups

Spread of

Responsible

Geographical 75 Attacks No. of PPP 3 Sindh (Karachi); TTP, local 57 KP (Swat); FATA Taliban (Bajaur Agency) 41 38 JUI-F 3 KP (Bannu); TTP 30 Balochistan (Pishin, 17 18 17 Chaman) 15 13 9 7 3 3 2 1 0 0 PML-N 7 KP (Peshawar); TTP, Punjab Jamaatul (Gujranwala, Ahrar, Attock, DG Khan); BRA, BLF Balochistan (Kohlu, Hub, Bolan) Leaders and workers of Awami National Party BNP-M 2 Balochistan (Hub, Lashkar-e- (ANP) faced the highest number of terrorist attacks Gwadar) Balochistan (8) in 2015 compared to other parties; the ANP has BNP- 1 Balochistan (Kech) BLF been the prime target of the militants since the Awami launch of 2013 election campaign. Leaders/workers PTI 3 KP (Hangu, Local of Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz (PML-N) faced Charsadda) Taliban seven (7) attacks in 2015, followed by National Party NP 6 Balochistan BLF, (NP) (6 attacks). Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam-Fazl (JUI-F), (Panjgur, Kalat, Lashkar-e- Pakistan People’s Party (PPP), and Pakistan Gwadar, Kech, Balochistan Tehreek-e-Insaaf (PTI) faced three (3) attacks each. Khuzdar, Awaran) Two (2) terrorist attacks hit leaders of Balochistan QWP 1 KP (Charsadda) Local National Party-Mengal (BNP-M) and one attack each Taliban targeted leaders/workers of Balochistan National PML-Q 1 Balochistan BLF Party-Awami (BNP-Awami), Qaumi Watan Party (Awaran) (QWP), PML-Q, Pakhtunkhwa Milli Awami Party PkMAP 1 Balochistan BLA (PkMAP), and Jamaat-e-Islami (JI). (See Table 16) (Quetta) JI 1 Gwadar BLF Table 16: Distribution of Attacks in Terms of Targets and Areas Others 4 KP (Peshawar, TTP, local 129 Haripur); FATA Taliban,

(Mohmand Agency) Jamaatul

Ahrar

Total 41 Attacks

Target

Attacks Groups

Spread of Some of the attacks on political leaders in 2015 are

Responsible

Geographical No. of Attacks No. of listed below: ANP 8 Sindh (Karachi); TTP, local KP (Peshawar, Taliban,  January 5: The TTP militants target killed Charsadda, Jamaatul Awami National Party’s district west chief Nowshera, Hangu); Ahrar Saifullah Khan in Karachi. He had been 130 FATA (Bajaur receiving threats from the Taliban militants. Agency)  April 30: A suicide bomber opened fire at the QWP chief Aftab Sherpao in Charsadda but

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Pakistan Security Report 2015

Sherpao remained unhurt. Police fired at the killed 11 people and wounded 107 others. bomber who got injured but managed to Meanwhile, 13 such incidents were reported from explode his suicide vest killing one policeman Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, which claimed 25 lives and and injuring another.131 injured 70 others. (See Table 17)  May 24: Salman Mamnoon, a son of Pakistan’s President Mamnoon Hussain, escaped a bomb Table 17: Incidents of Political and attack on his convoy in Hub. Three people were Election-related Violence in Pakistan killed in the blast and 15 others injured.132

 May 31: Rana Shamshad, a PML-N leader and member of Punjab Assembly, was shot dead

No. of No. of

along with his son and an aid in Kamoke, a Killed

Region

District Injured tehsil of Gujranwala. A day later, a spokesman Incidents of the militant group TTP claimed responsibility Gujranwala 4 0 30 for the killings.133  August 16: In a suicide blast carried out by two Hafizabad 2 1 38 bombers on his ancestral home in Attock Khanewal 1 0 10 district, Punjab Home Minister Col. (Retd) Shuja Khanzada was killed along with 18 others Lahore 1 2 7 including district police officer. Initially, some Mianwali 1 0 3 officials said Lashkar-e-Jhangvi could be behind Nankana Sahib 1 2 0 the attack whose leader was killed in a police Punjab encounter in previous month. Later a Rawalpindi 1 1 4 spokesman of a TTP splinter Jamaatul Ahrar claimed the responsibility.134 Sahiwal 2 0 3  October 18: Ali Muhammad Baloch, a National Sargodha 1 3 3 Party (NP) leader, was killed when two armed assailants opened fire at him outside his Sheikhupura 4 2 5 residence in Balecha area of Tump in Toba Tek Singh 1 0 4 Balochistan.135  November 26: A bomb blast near the convoy of Punjab Total 19 11 107 Federal Minister for Housing and Works Akram Abbottabad 1 3 2 Khan Durrani in the Nermikhel area of Bannu left two people dead and three injured.136 Charsadda 4 7 4 D.I Khan 1 0 8 7.2 Ethno-political Violence Hangu 1 0 1 Khyber Compared to 82 in previous year, as many as 63 Haripur 1 0 6 incidents of political and election-related violence Pakhtunkhwa and clashes – between workers and supporters of Kohat 1 1 11 different political parties – were reported from 28 Peshawar 2 2 30 districts of the country that claimed the lives of 81 people, mostly leaders and activists of political Swabi 1 2 0 parties, and injured another 281. Except for Tank 1 10 8 Karachi, where such incidents occur in routine, most of the incidents reported from other parts of KP Total 13 25 70 the country were linked to different rounds of local Balochistan Khuzdar 1 1 0 bodies election held during the year. Balochistan Total 1 1 0 The highest number of such attacks was reported Hyderabad 1 1 2 from Sindh (30 including 23 from Karachi alone) which claimed 44 lives and injured 104 others. As Karachi 23 26 5 many as 19 incidents of political and election- Sindh Khairpur 1 11 15 related violence were recorded in Punjab which

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Pakistan Security Report 2015

139

Chandio were critically wounded in the attack.

Separately, rallies of the Pakistan People’s Party and the Pakistan Muslim League-Functional had a

No. of No. of

Killed

Region District Injured bloody clash in Sanghar on December 15, resulting

Incidents in the death of four people, including two police Sanghar 1 4 7 constables, and injuries to seven others.140

Shikarpur 1 0 42 Out of the 19 incidents of political and election- Sukkur 2 1 30 related violence reported from Punjab, four each occurred in Gujranwala and Sheikhupura, and two Thatta 1 1 3 each in Hafizaabad and Sahiwal, besides sporadic Sindh Total 30 44 104 incidents from other areas. Three such incidents took place between July 24 and 26 in Gujranwala, in Total (Pakistan) 63 81 281 which workers and supporters of the PML-N and PTI clashed in connection to the by-polls for PP-100 With the exception of nine acts of sabotage, all held on July 26 in Kamoki; 29 people from both sides other incidents of ethno-political violence across were injured in these incidents. In Lahore, two PTI Pakistan in 2014 were incidents of firing and workers were killed and seven others were injured, armed clash between workers and supporters of including a minor, as a clash broke out between PTI rival political parties and groups. and PML-N party workers in Yakki Gate area on October 26.141 Out of 30 incidents of political and election-related violence reported from Sindh in 2015, as many as 23 Scores of election-related violent incidents took took place in Karachi, two in Sukkur and one place in Punjab in November, in connection to the incident each in Hyderabad, Khairpur, Sanghar, second round of local bodies election held on Shikarpur, and Thatta. In Karachi, leaders and November 19. On November 1, two workers of the members of following political parties and PTI were killed in a clash with supporters of the associated groups were reportedly involved or ruling PML-N in Nankana Sahib. On the polling targeted in the reported incidents of political day, on November 19, several such incidents were violence in 2015: Mutahidda Qaumi Movement, reported from Sheikhupura, Hafizabad, Gujranwala, Mohajir Qaumi Movement (also known as MQM- Sahiwal, Khanewal, Mianwali and Toba Tek Singh Haqiqi), Pakistan People’s Party, Jamaat-e-Islami, districts of Punjab. A supporter of the PTI killed his Sunni Tehreek, and Pakistan Muslim League- father in Sheikhupura who wanted to vote for some Nawaz (PML-N). other party, and later committed suicide.142 At least, three other incidents reported from different parts of Incidents of election-related violence reported from the district caused injuries to supporters and interior of Sindh also killed 18 and injured 99 members of PML-N, PTI and JI. In Hafizabad, a man people. In Khairpur, on October 31, 11 people were was killed and over 15 injured when two groups of killed and at least 15 others wounded in a gun-battle the ruling party PML-N clashed. Over 23 people between rival political groups during polling for the were too injured in four reported incidents of local government institutions in Daraza Sharif violence among supporters of different political Union Council. The clash took place between parties and independent candidates on the day of supporters of Muslim League Functional and Azad local bodies election in Hafizabad.143 Ten people Group Sachal Sarmast at Junejo polling station.137 were injured in Khanewal, four in Toba Tek Singh, On the same day, at least 42 people were injured in three in Mianwali, and three in Sahiwal in incidents clashes among activists of rival parties at 15 polling of firing and clashes between rival political groups. stations in Shikarpur, and another 30 people were Later, in December, Raja Shoaib Iqbal, the nephew of reported injured in incidents of fist-fighting and former Punjab law minister Raja Basharat, was skirmishes reported from Sukkur and Kashmore gunned down and four others were injured in districts.138 In Hyderabad, a candidate of Sindh Rawalpindi in a clash with supporters of the PML- United Party, Dr Anwar Leghari, was shot dead in N, during the final phase of local government the Qasimabad area on November 18. Two of his election.144 On December 8, a newly-elected Union associates, Abdus Sami Chandio and Waqas Council Chairman Abbas Dogar was offering

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Pakistan Security Report 2015 funeral prayer when he was killed by his political unable to root out violence directed against non- rivals on a motorcycle.145 Muslims because they were non-Muslims.

In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, such incidents were In 2015, two such incidents particularly stood out. reported from nine districts. In Swabi, activists of On March 15, at least 15 people were killed and over the PTI and JI were sitting at an election office in 70 injured in Taliban suicide bombing of two Saleem Khan village on May 29, when two men on a churches during Sunday mass in a Lahore motorcycle opened fire on them killing two of neighbourhood. These were the second deadly them.146 In Charsadda, on May 30, at least seven attacks on churches after two suicide attacks on Al- people were killed, including two workers of JUI-F Saints Church in Peshawar in September 2013, and one of QWP, and four others were injured which killed nearly 100 people. including two women in four separate incidents of election-related violence reported from the polling Another significant faith-based incident of violence stations set up in Government Girls Higher in 2015 were riots in Punjab’s Jhelum district and Secondary School, Sherpao; Government High enraged mobs setting fire to an Ahmadi place of School, Mandani; Cheena; and Hajizai town. On the worship after torching a chipboard making factory. same day, as many as 30 people were wounded and The factory, owned by an Ahmadi, was attacked one killed in armed clashes between rival political following rumours that a worker had desecrated parties reported from Kakshal, Nasapa, Bhanamari, pages of the Holy Quran there. The place of worship Takhtabad, Hazarkhwani, Musazai, Khazana and was under police security when the mob broke other areas of Peshawar.147 Similarly, a man was through the security cordon established after the killed and 11 others, including seven women, were arson attack at the factory the previous night. A injured in incidents of election-related violence in contingent of the army had to be called in to control Ferozai, Gandyalia and Shakardara areas in the the situation. Kohat district. The slain man was the brother of a candidate for the general councilor seat.148 Some might say that the number of significant faith- based incidents does not suggest a full-blown crisis In Tank district of KP, seven people were killed and and that, compared to earlier years, the incidence of more than eight injured when armed men opened major faith-based attacks against religious minorities fired and hurled grenades at a celebratory gathering might even have declined in the outgoing year. after the completion of local government elections. However, approaching the issue in that light ignores Three of the injured later died in the hospital.149 at least two important aspects. Also, eight people were injured in Dera Ismail Khan, six in Haripur, and one in Hangu in incidents of One is the feeling among the affected community election-related violence. In Abbottabad, on June 2, that the authorities have been unable to prevent the three supporters of the PTI were killed and two attacks on the Lahore churches because the nature of others sustained injuries in a clash between two rival their response to previous faith-based violence has groups at the Fawara Chowk.150 been purely reactive, kicking into action only after a serious incident had taken place, and the action In a single incident of political violence reported fizzling out soon afterwards. form Balochistan, JUI-F’s general secretary in Greasha Hafiz Rakhshani was shot dead in the Naal The second fact is that despite the emphasis in the tehsil on September 12.151 National Action Plan (NAP) on curbing hate speech and stopping the use of mosque loudspeakers for 8. Violence against Religious Minorities152 any purpose other than the call to prayer, in the Jhelum incident, as in many acts of mob violence Faith-based mob violence and terrorist attacks against non-Muslims, announcements were made against members of religious minorities have been a from mosques levelling blasphemy allegations and recurring trend in Pakistan over the last several inciting violence. years. The number and frequency of such incidents may have varied from one year to another, but the While these are troubling issues in their own right, sad fact remains that the authorities have been the larger issue is considering how the state plans to get a handle on things, or if there is a plan. There is a role for the media and the larger civil society too.

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Pakistan Security Report 2015

But it is the state that is under an obligation to On the whole, 11 incidents of violence against media protect the lives and religious freedoms of all and journalists were reported in 2015, which citizens. claimed five lives including of journalists Zaman Mehsud in Tank, Zafrullah Jatak in Jafarabad, Aftab There are many who consider faith-based violence Alam in Karachi, and two local journalists in Hub of the sort experienced in recent years to be an and Kohat. These attacks also wounded nine people, indication that extremism and intolerance are most of them journalists and staff members of media continuing to flourish. Impunity for perpetrators of groups. Three such incidents were reported from faith-based violence has been blamed for Karachi, three from Punjab, another three from emboldening the mischief makers. On the one hand, Balochistan and two from KP. Other incidents that means that there is little deterrent for the mobs included an IED attack on Kohlu Press Club; or those who organise mobs and incite faith-based incidents of firing at the digital satellite news- violence, and, on the other, a systematic narrative to gathering (DSNG) vans of Samaa and Dawn really challenge a vociferous hate campaign is television channels in Karachi; a grenade attack on absent. To many people, there is still not much Bureau office of Dunya News in Faisalabad; a stigma attached to such violence, and not enough cracker attack on the office of Din News TV channel has been done to highlight faith-based attacks as the in Lahore; and a grenade attack at the Sargodha unthinkable or shameful, as well as unlawful, acts Bureau of Express News TV channel. Pamphlets of that they are. the self-styled Islamic State were found at the site of attacks in Faisalabad and Lahore. According to Following the Lahore church attacks, members from police, they had arrested a Sipah-e-Muhammad the opposition and treasury benches in the National Pakistan activist Zeeshan Haider who revealed he Assembly had taken the floor to speak of the sense was among the killers of Aftab Alam.154 of insecurity among religious minorities as they were targeted in terrorist attacks. Meaningful action Journalists working in conflict zones, mainly in was demanded. FATA and Balochistan and also Karachi, remained the prime target in 2015. Government, present and past, from the prime minister all the way down to the local lawmaker, Apparently, the government seemed to be less have routinely condemned faith-based violence but tolerant of the view of the militants, after the APS have not shown enough commitment to punish attack. The 20-point National Action Plan also calls those responsible or to do all within their power to for banning of “glorification of militancy and prevent such incidents from occurring again. Far too terrorism through the media.” Seemingly, the often, energies have been directed towards merely success the military achieved so far under the NAP managing the symptoms, rather than addressing the is taking the extremist narratives off air and print, by root of the problem. coercing the media and its practitioners.

As long as these underlying issues are left 10. Attacks on Educational Institutions unaddressed, extremism and widespread intolerance can easily mutate into violence. And the A total of fourteen (14) terrorist attacks were carried mere wish for faith-based violence to stop, out against educational institutions across the expressed from however high an office, does not amount to strategy towards that end. In that respect, country in 2015, a decline of 65 percent than 2015 did not represent any significant change to previous year. offer hope for the future. Most of the educational institutes were targeted in 9. Violence against Journalists153 FATA (8), followed by Sindh (4) and KP (2).

The dynamics of violence against the media in 2015 Table 18: Attacks on Education Institutions changed from what it was the previous year. There were lesser casualties of journalists in 2015. The Province Agency/District Attacks most prominent attack was on a tribal journalist Bajaur Agency 2 Zaman Mehsud, who was target killed in Tank. FATA Khyber Agency 2

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Pakistan Security Report 2015

Province Agency/District Attacks overall decrease was because of the decreased Kurram Agency 1 incidence of cross-border attacks from Afghanistan and Iran, while the situation at Pakistan’s border Mohmand Agency 1 with India remained more or less the same as in Orakzai Agency 2 previous year. FATA Total 8 Representing an 18 percent decrease from the year Peshawar 1 before, a total of 77 people lost their lives in these KP Swabi 1 incidents (38 along the Afghan border, and 39 KP Total 2 along the LoC and Working Boundary), including Karachi 4 14 personnel from security forces, 38 civilians, and Sindh 25 militants of the TTP, who crossed into Pakistan Sindh Total 4 from Afghanistan, attacked security check posts Pakistan Total 14 and were killed in counter-fire by Pakistani security forces. In FATA, Bajaur, Mohmand, Orakzai, Kurram and Khyber agencies saw such attacks; in KP, Peshawar Among those killed in these border attacks and and Swabi saw such attacks; in Sindh, all the four clashes were 38 civilians, 8 FC troops, 6 army troops, and 25 Pakistani Taliban militants sheltered in attacks were concentrated in the port city of Karachi. Afghanistan who were killed in Pakistani security forces’ retaliatory attacks following militants’ cross- In FATA’s Orakzai Agency, militant planted border attacks. As many as 105 civilians, six army explosive material in an under-construction college troops, and five militants were among those injured for boys in Mankhel Darra, damaging at least six of in these attacks. These attacks employed heavy its rooms.155 Whereas, in Bajauar’s Nawagai tehsil, firing, mortar shelling, and rockets. militants entered school building and planted explosive materials at a number of locations, razing Table 19: Border Attacks/Clashes in 2015 the building into ground.156 No. of Nature of Attack Killed Injured Attacks In Kurram Agency, armed militants set on fire a primary school in Serka area. Afterwards, the Pak-Afghan border 15 38 12 militants kidnapped ten (10) labourers from the Pak-India border 50 39 104 school.157 Pak-Iran border 9 0 0 In Karachi’s Gulshan-e-Iqbal area, militants Total 74 77 116 exploded crackers outside a private school and left behind pamphlets warning of attacks.158 In another 11.1 Pak-Afghan incident, militants exploded outer boundary wall of With the exception of three attacks where Afghan a girls-only government school at Gul Mohammad security forces fired shells and mortar inside Kalmati Goth near Murtaza Chowrangi.159 Whereas Pakistani territory injuring a total of two army men, in North Nazimabad area, militants hurled hand all other cross-border attacks from Afghanistan were grenade at Beacon House school, damaging its main launched by the Pakistani TTP militants led by gate.160 Maulana Fazlullah, who have taken refuge in border areas of Afghanistan.

11. Border Attacks Security forces and their check-posts, mainly in Pakistani tribal areas bordering Afghanistan, were Marking a decrease of about 19 percent from the prime targets of these attacks, and were hit in 11 previous year, a total of 74 cross-border attacks incidences causing 17 deaths. Meanwhile four were reported from Pakistan’s borders this year. attacks apparently targeted tribesmen, killing a total These included 15 attacks on border with of 21 people. Most of these attacks took place in Afghanistan, 50 on India’s, and 9 on Iran’s. This Bajaur Agency (5 attacks), followed by South

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Pakistan Security Report 2015

Waziristan (4) and Mohmand Agency (2 attacks). informed that Afghanistan was delaying finalization One such incident each was also recorded in of a new border coordination mechanism due to its Khyber, Kurram and North Waziristan agencies of internal political impediments.167 Ever since the FATA, and Qilla Abdullah in Balochistan. tripartite commission completed its mandate following the end of International Security On April 12, twenty militants of TTP sheltered in Assistance Forces' (ISAF) mission in Afghanistan in Afghanistan were killed by Pakistani security forces December 2014, there has been no border when the militants entered Mohmand Agency and coordination mechanism between the two tried to attack security check-posts.161 On May 24, a countries.168 While Pakistan is concerned about the soldier of was killed when TTP Afghanistan-based TTP militants’ cross-border militants from Afghanistan attacked an FC check- attacks inside its tribal areas, Afghanistan criticizes post in Ghakhi area of Mamund tehsil in Bajaur Pakistan for the latter’s alleged inaction against the Agency.162 On August 23, four Pakistani troops were Pakistan-based Afghan Taliban. killed and as many others wounded when Afghanistan-based TTP militants attacked a military On December 30, however, Pakistan and check-post in Akhandwala Pass area of Khyber Afghanistan managed to set up a hotline between Agency with rockets.163 On October 27, seven the directors general military operations (DGMOs) Frontier Corps personnel were killed as TTP of the two countries during army chief General militants opened heavy fire from across the border ’s visit to Kabul.169 The arrangement is on a check-post northeast of Angoor Adda, South expected to enhance border coordination. Waziristan.164 On November 26, a soldier and four militants were killed in a clash that erupted after a 11.2 Pak-India group of Afghanistan-based Pakistani Taliban Indian border security forces launched 50 cross- militants stormed a post in Safi Tehsil of Mohmand border attacks inside Pakistan along the Working Agency.165 Boundary and Line of Control (LoC), which claimed Experts believe that as the military operations in 39 lives – 38 civilians including women and Pakistani tribal areas have forced the militant children, and one army man – and injured 104 infrastructure to relocate to Afghanistan, insecurity others. at the Pak-Afghan border could increase in the As many as 33 (60 percent) of these attacks took coming months and years. After the December 16 place in Sialkot and Narowal sectors along the (2014) attack on Army Public School (APS) in Working Boundary, claiming 25 lives and injuring Peshawar, Pakistan and Afghanistan developed sort 89 people. Meanwhile, 17 cross-border attacks from of cooperation to check cross-border terrorism. India were recorded in Hattian, Haveli, Kotli, Afghan government also mounted pressure on the Muzaffarabad, Neelum, Poonch and Rawalakot TTP militants sheltered in Afghanistan; Pakistan districts along the LoC that claimed 14 lives and claimed the group was behind the APS attack. The injured another 15 people. two countries also coordinated border patrols.166 Pakistan facilitated the Afghan government's peace The situation at Pak-India border started to become talks with the Taliban in Murree in July, which were tense at the start of the year 2015. In January, 13 derailed after the Afghan government announced cross-border attacks from India killed five people that the Taliban chief Mullah Omar had died in and injured another 3. These violations of border 2013. That development, followed by the Taliban's took place along Sialkot Working Boundary’s increased offensives inside Afghanistan not only Narowal, Shakargarh, and Zafarwal sectors with made the bilateral ties between the two countries most of the fire shells, mortars and rockets falling in tense, but also negatively impacted their efforts to Tanda, Lehri, Makhwal, Bheka Chak, Abyal Doger, enhance border security and coordination. Sukh Maal, Bajra Garhi, Umeraanwali, Harpal, Mairajkey and Charwah areas. Worst of these cross- A low level of trust has also hindered, in the past, border attacks came on January 4 when Indian BSF attempts of achieving security at Pak-Afghan border personnel resorted firing and shelling along the such as through installing bio-metric systems, Working Boundary in Sialkot's Zafarwal and fencing and digging trenches. Recently, on Shakargarh sectors, killing four Pakistani civilians. December 4, the Senate Defence Committee was In the following month, seven cross-border attacks

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Pakistan Security Report 2015 inside Pakistan killed one person and injured Boundary’s Shakargarh sector. On October 23, a another. Five of these were reported along the Pakistani villager was severely injured in shelling by Sialkot Working Boundary (Bajwat and Charwa Indian BSF in Shakargarh.172 Two days later, three sectors) and two along the Line of Control, in Pakistani citizens, including two children, were Poonch and Kotli sectors. Between March and May, killed while 12 others, including four members of a the situation at Pak-India remained relatively calm family, were seriously injured and more than 50 with a total of seven attacks in these months, houses were damaged in heavy mortar shelling by injuring one civilian besides damaging houses. the Indian BSF in the same sector.173 Next day, on October 26, two Pakistani minor girls were killed In July, however, tensions started to escalate at the during an exchange of fire between Punjab Rangers Pak-India border when at least five cross-border and Indian BSF.174 attacks by Indian forces killed six Pakistani citizens and injured five others, in Poonch and Rawalakot However no cross-border attack from India was sectors on the LoC and also along Sialkot Working reported during the following months, i.e. Boundary. Worst of these attacks happened on July November and December 2015. 16 when Indian BSF opened firing around 8:30 in the morning on Chaprar sector in Sialkot, killing three 11.3 Pak-Iran people and injuring five others. The situation further Compared to 11 in 2014, Iranian border security worsened in August, when Indian BSF reportedly forces carried out nine cross-border attacks in 2015 carried out 10 cross-border attacks along the Line of in Balochistan’s Kech, Panjgur and Washuk districts. Control and Sialkot Working Boundary killing 18 No casualty was recorded in these attacks, which Pakistani citizens and injuring 78 others. These were incidents of mortar shelling except one rocket attacks also caused considerable damage to public attack. property including homes and cattle. India, too, claimed casualties among its citizens due to cross- Iran claims that its attacks are meant to target border skirmishes from Pakistani side. Worst of Iranian Baluch insurgents operating from its Sistan- these attacks took place on August 28, in which Baluchistan province, who cross into Pakistani eight Pakistani civilians were killed and 57 injured border areas after launching attacks inside Iran. including many women and children in the Chaprar sector.170 Five such attacks were reported in In April, at the end of the 8th Iran-Pakistan border September, including three in Rawalakot and Kotli security conference held in Islamabad, the two districts on LoC in Azad Kashmir and two along countries signed an agreement on security Working Boundary in Sialkot. These attacks killed cooperation on joint borders as well as for fight four people, including one Pakistani Rangers official against terrorism and organized crime.175 and injured another three people. Later on October 28, during a meeting between In September, Pakistan and India agreed to stop Adviser to Prime Minister on Foreign Affairs Sartaj ceasefire violations after the three-day talks between Aziz and visiting Admiral Ali Shamkhani, Secretary the Directors General of the Punjab Rangers and Supreme National Security Council of Iran, the two India’s BSF concluded in New Delhi. The agreement sides agreed to work together for joint and also sought to jointly resolve sensitive issues like coordinated efforts against Daesh and other terrorist ceasefire violations and cross-border infiltration organizations. Sartaj Aziz, while addressing a joint through the exchange of information, including via press conference along with Admiral Ali e-mail and over the telephone. The two sides also Shamkhani, said Pakistan and Iran had already inked some new Confidence Building Measures several institutional mechanisms to enhance (CBMs) and signed a joint record of discussions cooperation in different fields, including tackling the which emphasized the need for ensuring security border issues between the two countries. He said the and the well-being of their border populations. Also, two countries also agreed to effectively use existing there was agreement on establishing a coordinated bilateral arrangements and mechanisms that include border control mechanism to curb smuggling. 171 a Joint Economic Commission, Joint Border Commission, and Joint Commission on Road Yet, three cross-border attacks from India were Transport.176 reported in October along Sialkot Working

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Pakistan Security Report 2015

Table 20: Regional Distribution of Around 74 suspected militants died in these drone Cross-border Attacks attacks, which is a decrease of 49 percent from the previous year. Border District Attacks Killed Injured 17 people were injured in these attacks, which Bajaur 5 2 1 makes 41 percent less injuries than 2014’s. Agency Khyber Table 21: Drone Attacks 1 4 4 Agency

Kurram District Attacks Killed Injured 1 0 0 Agency Kurram Agency 1 3 0 Mohmand North Waziristan Afghan 2 25 5 9 58 17 - Agency Agency North South Waziristan Pak 1 0 0 2 13 0 Waziristan Agency Qilla 1 0 0 Total 12 74 17 Abdullah South 4 7 2 As discussed above, the highest number of drone Waziristan attacks occurred in North Waziristan Agency. The 9 Hattian 1 0 0 attacks marked a decline of 53 percent than in 2014, whereas the total killings in 2015 declined by 57 Haveli 1 1 3 percent. Kotli 6 5 11

The year’s first drone strike occurred in the first Muzaffarabad 1 1 0 week of January, when four missiles targeted two

India militant compounds in Lowara Mandi in Dattakhel - Narowal 10 5 1 tehsil of North Waziristan Agency. In the attack, 10

Pak Neelum 1 1 1 suspected militants were killed and 5 others were Poonch 4 3 0 wounded.177

Rawalakot 3 3 0 In Karwanda village of Manzarkhel area in Sialkot 23 20 88 Dattakhel tehsil, the pilot-less aerial vehicle attacked a house where foreign militants were believed to be

Kech 3 0 0 living. Resultantly, 6 suspected militants were killed

Iran 178 and 4 others injured . - Panjgur 5 0 0

Pak Washuk 1 0 0 In May, a drone struck Shawal tehsil of North Waziristan Agency, killing 5 foreign militants, Total 74 77 116 reportedly of Uzbek origins.179

12. Drone Strikes This year’s lone strike in Kurram Agency killed TTP commander Khawray Mehsud of Sararogha tehsil, 12 drone strikes took place in Pakistan’s tribe areas along with his two other companions.180 in 2015, marking a 43 percent decrease from 2014. 13 State Response Of these 12, 9 occurred in North Waziristan – 4 in Dattakhel tehsil and 5 in Shawal tehsil, - 2 in South 13.1 Operational Front Waziristan, and 1 in Kurram Agency. In 2015, a total of 2061 militants, including 10 of these strikes were conducted by the American insurgents, were killed across Pakistan in military drones, and 2 by Pakistan’s indigenously-made operations and armed clashes and encounters drone ‘Buraq’. between the security forces/law-enforcement agencies and militants. Meanwhile, 76 terrorist attempts were thwarted by the security forces,

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Pakistan Security Report 2015 mostly, by defusing the IEDs. The crackdown by the and Karachi. (See Table 22) In FATA, a total of 75 security forces were meant as constituting part of operational attacks against the terrorists were the military operation launched in North Waziristan. recorded in 2015, most of them in North Waziristan, the site of Zarb-e-Azb; and Khyber Agency, the site 13.1.1 Military Operations of Khyber-I and Khyber-II. In Balochistan, forces launched 31 operational strikes, most of them Pakistan’s armed forces operation in North against Baloch insurgents. 26 strikes were launched Waziristan, launched in mid-2014, continued in Karachi, where operation intensified after the through the 2015. The military’s media wing, the National Action Plan last December. The number of ISPR, claimed that till December 12, 2015, the operational attacks in KP and Punjab stood at 6 and operation has killed 3400 terrorists and destroyed 5 respectively. 837 hideouts.181 Meanwhile, in June, the military announced the operation to be entering its decisive A total of 1560 people were killed in the reported 143 phase by taking on militants ensconced in the operational strikes across Pakistan in 2015, including Shawal valley, which separates North Waziristan 1545 militants/insurgents. Also, 173 people were from South Waziristan.182By December, the military injured in these attacks including 131 militants. pointed that “[l]ast pockets close to Pak–Afghan Border being cleared.”183 Table 22: Operational Attacks by Security Forces, against Militants and Insurgents To some extent, the operation in North Waziristan

broke the communication network of militants, who were headquartered in NW. Yet, according to several analysts, the militants might have moved to

Killed

Region other areas. Some significant outcomes are below: District Attacks Injured Awaran 2 23 2  Pakistani state started reclaiming the Chagai 2 2 0 geographical areas in North Waziristan, which Dera Bugti 2 9 1 was practically lost to the militants. Gwadar 2 7 4

Kalat 4 33 19  After a hiatus of ten years, the local Kech 5 25 4 administration in North Waziristan carried out Kharan 1 16 0 anti-polio campaign in some of the unvaccinated Mastung 4 16 6 parts of the agency.184 Panjgur 4 10 0

Quetta 1 1 0  A considerable number of the militants from the Balochistan Sibi 1 0 0 North Waziristan moved to settled districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, south Punjab, Karachi, Washuk 1 3 0 and Balochistan. Moreover, Afghanistan Zhob 2 7 0

complained the operation resulted in the Total 31 152 36 “unintended consequences” of influx of Bajaur 2 0 0 militants into its territory.185 FR Regions 1 1 0 To the north, in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, the military Khyber 29 572 80 carried out the second phase of Khyber operation. Kurram 3 26 0

Launched in March 2015, Khyber-II was meant to Mohmand 1 0 0

clear the agency’s Tirah valley, which had turned into sanctuary of militants affiliated with the TTP, North FATA 29 570 31 Lashkar-e-Islam, and Jamaatul Ahrar. The operation Waziristan was formally concluded on the first anniversary of Orakzai 4 26 0 186 Zarb-e-Azb, in June 2015. South 6 70 8 Waziristan The security forces launched 143 operation attacks in 2015 against a ray of militants, sectarian outfits, and Total 75 1265 119 nationalist insurgents, in FATA, Balochistan, KP,

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Pakistan Security Report 2015

Table 23: Clashes and Encounters between Security Forces and Militants in 2015

Killed

Region

District Attacks Injured

Bannu

1 0 0

Killed

Buner District Attacks Injured

1 2 0 Regions D.I Khan 1 7 0 Awaran 9 34 3 Lakki 1 1 0 Barkhan 1 1 0 Marwat Bolan 1 3 0 Swat 1 0 0 Chagai 1 2 2 Tank 1 0 0 Dera Bugti 5 17 1 Khyber PakhtunkhwaKhyber Kalat 3 15 1 Total 6 10 0 Kech 5 6 8 Dera Ghazi

2 9 0 Khuzdar 6 9 7 Khan Loralai 2 1 1 Lahore 2 7 10

Balochistan Mastung 1 1 0

Punjab Rawalpindi 1 6 3 Nushki 1 2 0 Total 5 22 13 Panjgur 3 5 1

Karachi 26 111 5 Qilla Saifullah 1 0 0 Quetta 4 12 4

Sindh Total 26 111 5 Ziarat 1 6 2 Total Pakistan 143 1560 173 Total 44 114 30 Bajaur 3 12 0 13.1.2 Security Forces Clashes and Encounters with Khyber 7 61 5 Militants Kurram 4 31 7 Mohmand 1 7 0

Besides operational attacks against militants, the North 8 85 1 security and law-enforcement agencies carried out Waziristan

FATA 153 armed clashes and encounters, with the Orakzai 1 10 3 militants, across the country (See Table 23). Many of South these clashes were sparked with the attack of 5 25 6 Waziristan militants on the security forces. An overwhelming Total 29 231 22 majority of these attacks involved exchange of fire. Bannu 7 11 0 Such incidents were reported from Balochistan, Buner 1 1 1

FATA, KP, and Karachi. In fact, the numbers of such Charsadda 2 4 2 incidents in Karachi alone are the highest for any D.I Khan 1 1 1 country. Kohat 1 0 4 LakkiMarwat 1 2 0 The total number of such incidents in Punjab stood Malakand 1 3 0 at 13, the most prominent one being the death of Mansehra 1 2 2 LeJ’s leader Malik Ishaq; on July 28, Punjab’s CTD Mardan 2 4 1 killed leader of Ishaq, along with his two sons, in an Nowshera 1 1 1

Khyber PakhtunkwaKhyber alleged exchange of fire in Muzaffargarh.187 Peshawar 4 4 1 Swabi 5 11 10 Tank 1 5 4

Total 28 49 27

Dera Ghazi 2 5 0 Khan

Punjab Faisalabad 1 2 3

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Pakistan Security Report 2015

Terrorists Militant Organization Operations Arrested (excluding Afghans)

Killed

District Attacks Injured Regions ISIS 12 113 Gujranwala 1 1 0 Jaish-e-Mohammed 2 17 Lahore 4 14 3 Jamaatud Dawa 1 2 Muzaffargarh 1 14 6 Nankana Sahib 1 5 0 Jamaatul Ahrar 1 4 Sheikhupura 2 11 0 Jundullah 1 4 Toba Tek Singh 1 4 2 Lashkar-e-Balochistan 3 18 Total 13 56 14

Lashkar-e-Islam 9 15 Karachi 39 106 27 Lashkar-e-Jhangvi 16 35

Sindh Total 39 106 27 Local Taliban / TTP 243 1021 Pakistan Total 153 556 120 Nationalist insurgents 74 746 (NI) 13.1.3 Terrorists Arrested Political 2 2 In 2015, a total of 2,455 terrorists and members of leaders/workers Tehreek-e-Taliban radical organizations were arrested from all over the 1 2 country. These included 1021 suspected militants Balochistan (TTB) linked with the TTP or as local Taliban. Militants Total 438 2455 linked with foreign outfits were arrested too from Pakistan: 113 of these were affiliated with the ISIS 13.2 Political and Administrative Front and 17 were with Al-Qaeda. As many as 746 nationalist insurgents were apprehended, too, The terrorist attack on Army Public School in mainly from Balochistan. These arrests were made December 2014 had already served as a catalyst for in 438 search and offensive operations. taking decisive actions against the militants and for shunning any option of negotiating with the Table 24: Terrorists Arrested in 2015 militants. The year 2015 was followed for the follow- up on the government’s commitments on those Terrorists Militant Organization Operations fronts. Arrested Afghan National 9 63 13.2.1 National Action Plan

Afghan Taliban 1 1 The government’s commitment on tackling the Ahle Sunnat Wal 2 91 terror menace was increasingly assessed on the Jamaat (ASWJ) progress made on the National Action Plan, the Al-Qaeda 8 17 government-constituted counter-terror plan in Banned militant outfit December 2014. (excluding sectarian 4 13 Below are the points of the NAP188: and tribal) Banned sectarian 6 16 1. Execution of convicted terrorists group 2. Establishment of speedy military trial courts BLA 12 29 for two years BLF 6 32 3. Ensure no armed militias are allowed to function in the country BRA 4 22 4. Strengthening and activation of NACTA Criminal gangs 2 5 5. Countering hate speech and extremist Foreign militants 8 27 material

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Pakistan Security Report 2015

6. Choking financing for terrorists and terrorist have been convicted include the four militants who organisations had attacked the APS in late 2014.194By late 7. Ensuring against re-emergence of December, 329 people were given death penalties proscribed organisations ever since the moratorium on it was revoked in late 8. Establishing and deploying a dedicated 2014.195 counter-terrorism force 9. Taking effective steps against religious In August, the Supreme Court of Pakistan upheld persecution the establishment of military courts. The apex court, 10. Registration and regulation of madrassas meanwhile, kept with itself the power to review the 11. Ban on glorification of terrorism and decision of the military courts, which were terrorist organisations through print and established though the 21st constitutional electronic media amendment in the wake of the APS attacks.196 12. FATA Reforms 13. Dismantling communication networks of Meanwhile, Sufi Mohammad, head of defunct terrorist organisations TNSM, was indicted by an ATC in Peshawar in 14. Measures against abuse of internet and rebellion case.197Another ATC awarded life social media for terrorism imprisonment to 10 militants for attacking Malala 15. Zero tolerance for militancy in Punjab Yousafzai in 2012.198 16. Taking the ongoing operation in Karachi to its logical conclusion 13.2.3 NACTA 17. Balochistan reconciliation 18. Dealing firmly with sectarian terrorists The Supreme Court expressed its concerns over the 19. Policy to deal with the issue of Afghan ineffectiveness of the National Counter-Terrorism refugees Authority (NACTA) in eradicating terrorism in the 20. Revamping and reforming the criminal country.199In the fiscal year 2015-16, no special justice system budget were released for NACTA.200It received Rs. 100 m against the Rs. 2 billion it demanded.201In The government initially constituted 15 different December, state interior minister informed the subcommittees, comprising senior officials, to parliamentarians that service rules of NACTA have monitor the implementation of the different points yet to be finalized.202 of NAP. However, they are believed to “lying dormant”, with nothing known about their Earlier, in August, a new National Coordinator was 203 meetings.189 appointed to head NACTA. The new NC is a serving police officer who also heads the National Moreover, apex committees comprising top political Police Bureau. The new NC, however, hinted that and military leadership were also constituted in the dual responsibilities enable him to utilize the each province. The numbers of their meetings are resources of the NPB for the usage of NACTA, not shared publicly, but some details are gathered which otherwise lacks proper 204 from the press released of the ISPR.190 premises. Meanwhile, the PM also approved the absorption of National Crisis Management Cell into 205 On September 10, Prime Minister expressed NACTA. dissatisfaction over the implementation of NAP.191 13.2.4 Banned Groups and Individuals According to a report on NAP, the Prime Minister’s House claimed that Punjab was leading on the In the early days of 2015, Foreign Office of Pakistan 192 implementation. avoided confirming proscription of JuD and Haqqani network, saying that Pakistan, obliging UN 13.2.2 Military Courts/ATC charter, is required to go against those in the sanction list.206Interior Minister Chaudhry Nisar told The total number of the military courts, set up in the a top meeting about the presence of 95 active wake of the APS attack, stood at 11, by the end of banned groups in Punjab.207It was in late December, 2015. According to the ISPR, of the 142 cases referred a year from the APS attack, that the state minister to the military courts, 55 cases have been decided, for interior affairs released in the Senate the list of while 87 are in progress.193 Of the 31 terrorists who

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Pakistan Security Report 2015 banned outfits.208 (This list, released by media, is The committee is presently undergoing deliberations attached as Annex 10) to discuss about the future of FATA. Member of the FATA Reforms Committee and Minister for States A written reply submitted by Attorney General of and Frontier Regions (SAFRON) Lt. Gen. (Retd) Pakistan (AGP) in the Supreme Court said the Abdul Qadir Baloch said in mid-December that the government had banned no new outfit since the APS process will be completed within three to four attack.209In August, the government of Pakistan months.221 officially banned ISIS in Pakistan, as per notification issued by the interior ministry.210 13.2.6 Refugees and IDPs

Reports also emerged that some banned outfits According to anecdotal accounts, the hostility operate as charity fronts, in the relief activities of the towards Afghan refugees increased this year.222 On earthquake that struck northwestern Pakistan in December 30, Interior Minister announced that stay November.211 of Afghan refugees has been extended.223

On November 2, PEMRA, media’s regulatory body, Meanwhile, because of Pakistan’s operation in North on the direction of information ministry, issued Waziristan, many Pakistani residents escaped across directive to the media “not to give any kind of the border to Afghanistan. Afghan President Ashraf coverage to any proscribed organization”.212 The Ghani told conference in Islamabad that around directive also attached the list of 72 banned outfits, 350,000 to 500,000 Pakistani refugees are hosted by of which 60 were banned by Pakistan and 12 by Afghanistan now.224 UNSC resolutions.213This included blanket ban on coverage of banned Jamaatud Dawa, Lashkar-e- 13.2.7 Madrassa Reforms Taiba, and Falah-i-Insaniat Foundation under UN Resolution 1267. Earlier, Punjab government In September, the top civilian and military promulgated ordinance banning glorification of leadership held a meeting with representatives of terrorists.214 religious seminaries, discussing issues around reforms of madrassas.225 Meanwhile, PEMRA has also starting regular monitoring of the channels. It sent an advisory to a Inspector General Sindh Police revealed that there private TV channel, asking it not to air footage of FIF are 9,590 seminaries reported in the province, of volunteers.215 which 6,503 are registered, 3,087 are unregistered, and 167 have been sealed for violating law.226 In The government also put 54,000 suspected militants Punjab, as per the list submitted to the Supreme under Fourth Schedule, meant to monitor their Court, there are 13,782 madrassas, out of which 216 activities. 6,479 are unregistered, and 7,303 are registered.227 In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, official sources told media, After the absence of ten months, Lal Masjid cleric the unregistered madrassas stood at 4,135.228 In Maulana Aziz started leading Friday prayers in Balochistan, 266 madrassas were reported to be November. On November 13, Maulana Aziz along unregistered.229 with his family came out of the mosque after Friday prayers and announced launching a campaign for Additionally, about 8,000 to 10,000 seminaries are the implementation of sharia in the country.217 not linked with any of the five boards. In 2015, the Interior Minister, however, later informed the Senate government tried to affiliate such madrassas with that Maulana Aziz cannot be arrested because of no the Pakistan Madrassa Education Board (PMEB), 218 “prosecutable evidence” against him. originally formed in 2001. The government was also planning to form Islamic Education Commission 13.2.5 FATA Reforms (IEC) to regulate education in all religious seminaries.230 On November 8, Prime Minister Sharif formed a five-member committee under the Advisor on Meanwhile, Sindh Apex Committee admitted that Foreign Affairs, Mr. Sartaj Aziz, to introduce more than 40 seminaries are having links with 219 reforms in FATA. The committee met terrorists, among them 24 are in Karachi.231Another parliamentary members from FATA, in December.220

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Pakistan Security Report 2015 report mentioned the presence of about 145 “highly- government official conceded that 234 madrassas in sensitive” seminaries in KP.232A news report the province receive funds from Muslim revealed that 703 unregistered seminaries in FATA countries.245IG Punjab told Senate Committee that will be black listed soon.233 147 seminaries in Punjab are receiving foreign assistance.246 In January, interior ministry completed registration and scrutiny of seminaries in Islamabad identifying In November, interior minister Chaudhry Nisar 160 seminaries as illegal.234A news report said asked for reinvestigation into the case of Altaf Punjab government has geo-tagged 11,000 religious Khanani, a prominent money changer who was then seminaries across the province.235 arrested in the United States for terror financing.247 His company was charged for links with Lashkar-e- As raids were launched on some madrassas, Taiba, Daud Ibrahim, Al-, and Jaish-e- spokesman for Wafaqul Madaris Al-Arabia Mohammad.248 His exchange company was banned complained that only Deobandi seminaries were five years ago by Pakistan.249 targeted in the raids.236Deobandi seminaries board opposed government plan of restricting admission Similarly, it was reported that the government has to foreign students into seminaries, too.237 broadened scope against terror financing: in the last two and a half year, 17 banking transactions Meanwhile, the federal government and madrassa suspected of terror financing were sent to the authorities agreed on the madrassa registration Financial Monitoring Unit of the State Bank. 238 form. In a November meeting of Ittehad-e- However, none of these was found to be of terror Tanzeematul Madaris and the government, financing.250 participants agreed to draft uniform form for madrassas. The two sides agreed that madrassas will Admitting the failure of the FMU to track terror submit their details annually, due to which security funding, Interior Minister announced in September 239 agencies won’t crack down on those seminaries. of establishing the National Terrorists Financing Investigation Cell (NTFIC) to "curb terror funding in Pakistan’s decision of staying away from Yemen the country.”251 The NTFIC will be jointly operated crisis was also partly meant to thwart any sectarian by “the FIA, the State Bank, FBR and intelligence backlash of the conflict in Pakistan. agencies.”252 Meanwhile, the passed Anti-Money Laundering Act, 2015, which 13.2.8 Terror Financing will help the government in cracking down on 253 According to a report released by the US Treasury illegal flow of money. Later, the FIA got police 254 Department, elements in Pakistan have been power to try terror financing issues. funding “terrorist groups operating in Syria.”240 The In January, a private TV reported that the FIA report noted that the Haqqani Network gets fund unearthed 320 million rupees terror financing from a range of sources including criminal activities, scandal. Money was transferred from one bank to while Lashkar-e-Taiba also relies on its charitable another.255 Moreover, a private bank in Peshawar fronts such as the FIF. was sealed for alleged transfer of money to In what is considered as a veiled reference to Saudi extremists.256 Likewise, an intelligence agency Kingdom, the Foreign Office of Pakistan said that tracked down a gang of 52 hundi and hawla dealers, money sent through informal channels will be all Afghans, involved in terror financing.257 scrutinized.241In January, Interior Minister met Meanwhile, an anti-terror court in Bahawalpur senior Saudi diplomat to deliberate upon “how to convicted eight-year punishment and 200,000 rupees stop financial support of banned outfits from Saudi fine to a person for collecting funds for a banned Arabia, among other issues.”242 outfit.258

Senate was told that around 80 seminaries are 13.2.9 Security of China-Pakistan Economic receiving foreign aid worth 300 million Corridor (CPEC) rupees.243Minister of State for Interior told Senate Pakistan Army has taken the leading role in that only 23 seminaries in Sindh, KP and Balochistan providing security to the CPEC-related projects and are receiving foreign funding.244A senior Balochistan

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Chinese engineers and workers. In April, Pakistani  In KP, army will serve as main tier with the President Mamnoon Hussain informed visiting support from police; and Chinese President Xi Jinping that the army will  In Gilgit-Baltistan, too, army will serve as create over 12,000-strong unit for the protection of the main tier and will be supported by local Chinese engineers, project directors, experts and law enforcers. workers employed on various CPEC-related projects Some Chinese companies had also proposed to have across Pakistan.259 Even before the decision to personal security arrangements, which Pakistan establish the Special Security Division (SSD), an denied due to political, socio-cultural and estimated 8,000 personnel of police and paramilitary bureaucratic issues it could entail.265One similar forces had been deployed across the country for the provision was recently under discussion between security of more than 8,112 Chinese working in Pakistan’s Interior Ministry and China’s defense Pakistan on around 210 development projects.260 authorities on the provision of 500 Chinese security The government also allocated Rs3.5bn under the officials to train the Pakistani security forces but latest PSDP (Public Sector Development Program) experts believe that Pakistan may not accept that for special security forces to protect Chinese suggestion for the same reasons cited in previous engineers, project directors, experts and workers point. However, the provision of security-related employed on various Chinese-funded projects equipment could be accepted to strengthen the across Pakistan.261 On the whole, the budget plan for capacity and performance of the security units 2015-16 described that as many as 28 wings of Civil forming the SSD. Armed Forces will be raised, at the cost of 7.5 billion rupees, to provide security for CPEC and Chinese 13.2.10 Other Initiatives workers  The government has also been announcing As far as the establishment of the SSD is concerned, plans to streamline other actions against requisition for its different units is under process. In militants. On December 12, Interior Minister September, Pakistani media reported that three Chaudhry Nisar announced that a joint brigades (one artillery and two infantry) and 10 intelligence directorate will start working in battalions of the SSD had already been the next few months.266 established.262 According to the plan, establishment  The third training course of Anti-Terrorism of the SSD was envisaged to be completed towards Force was successfully completed in the end of 2015. Kharian. 405 personnel of Gilgit-Baltistan The SSD will initially have a force of 15,500 troops police, Navy, Rangers ASF and Army comprising six infantry brigades with each brigade Strategic Force took part in the court.267 having three infantry units. Apart from that, the SSD  A special prison, to lock all terrorists, has will also have a special, dedicated intelligence been raised in Sahiwal.268 An official in unit.263 Punjab home department shared that the 3G The anticipated total strength of the SSD is planned and 4G mobile technology had rendered to be raised to 32,000, at the second stage, including useless the jammers technology in the 269 15,500 troops described earlier and the remaining to prison centers. be raised from different other forces in different  First batch of Punjab Counter-Terrorism regions, mainly from the FC, Rangers, special, Force, comprising 421 corporals, including 270 counter-terrorism units of police, Levies, Karakorum 16 females, passed out. Force, and also Frontier Works Organizations.264  Sindh government approved formation of Anti-Terrorism Force.271 Formation and functioning of different units of the  Balochistan’s Anti-Terror Force passed out, SSD will vary in each province/region. comprising 200 personnel including 18 272  In Balochistan, FC will serve as the main women. tier, supported by army, police and Levies;  The government launched a countrywide  In Sindh, Rangers will be the main tier force, biometric verification of mobile subscriber supported by army and police; identification modules (SIMS.) By mid-  In Punjab, police will serve as main tier with April, around 25 million unverified SIMS 273 support from army; were blocked.

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13.3 Legislative Front proper counterterrorism (CT) framework. NAP has filled that void, providing the opportunity to The activity on legislative front too can be viewed connect the scattered responses of different law- within the parameters set by the National Action Plan. enforcement agencies in a comprehensive counterterrorism framework.  One of the points of NAP called for constituting military courts. Because Still, the entire task of implementing NAP appeared establishing new courts was tantamount to huge. This in itself not only expose the capacity gaps laying down parallel courts, the government of the implementing institutions, but also bring the had to insert amendments, with two-third structural dichotomies on the surface, resultantly majorities, in the Constitution and Army causing confusions on some points of the NAP, Act, 1952.On January 7, the amendments especially pertaining to the status of banned were made with political consensus inside organizations and madrassa reforms in the country. the parliament, even though politicians Few analysts point out that the NAP is too much hinted at reluctance to sign on what they military-centric, squeezing the space of the consider would undermine civilians.280 Critics also argue that government has not 274 democracy. Later, in November, the taken effective steps to reduce the appeal of religious National Assembly further amended the extremism and violent ideologies that feed terrorism. Army Act to legalize earlier arrests by the 275 law-enforcing agencies. A major hurdle in the way of effective  In September 2015, National Assembly’s implementation of the NAP was the lack of the Standing Committee on Information centralized mechanism. To be sure, the government Technology approved the Pakistan had constituted 15 ministerial-level committees to 276 Electronic Crime Bill, 2015. A month later, monitor progress on different points of the NAP. in October, opposition parties vow to block Moreover, apart from the national-level apex the passage of the bill for what they think committee, provincial-level apex committees 277 will compromise civil liberties. PPP’s comprising civil-military leadership were formed.281 legislator argued that the bill in its current Initially, the meetings of some sub-committee were form will be a tool in “silencing dissent convened, but gradually, these sub-committees more rather than combating cyber- became non-functional, primarily because the 278 terrorism.” Interior ministry took the responsibility of eleven  In late 2015, Sindh government refused to committees, which was beyond its capacity and extend the stay of Rangers in Karachi, mandate. The other ministerial committees followed arguing that the decision rests with the in the footsteps of the Interior Ministry. Little did provincial government. Rangers are they know as to whom they are answerable. The mandated to crack down on terrorist same happened with the provincial apex networks in Karachi, under the Anti- committees. Consequently, the role of security Terrorism Act. In late December, 2015, institution became prominent. Certain political and however, Sindh government extended the civil society organizations have showed concern stay of Rangers for thirty more days.279 over the visible role of security institutions in the implementation of the NAP, mainly in Sindh, where 14. Challenges they think the paramilitary troops Rangers have overstepped their mandate in Karachi.282 The major task for the government to deliver on counter-militant front in 2015 pertained to following Apparently, the government lacks interest in relying up on the National Action Plan (NAP). However, the on modern technologies to counter the militant pace of its implementation was far from not threat. According to a retired senior police officer, satisfactory. Prime Minister Mian Nawaz Shariaf nothing is known about which government himself expressed dissatisfaction over the organization is “responsible for monitoring the implementation of NAP several times during the year. militants’ activities on the internet and countering these.”283 It is not that the government doesn’t The challenge of tackling militancy has been huge realize the utility of digital medium; apparently, the and manifold. For one, security institutions lacked a issues seem to be of capacity. For instance, the

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Pakistan Security Report 2015 government already had designed Pakistan 2015. The apparent decline in sectarian attacks in Automated Fingerprints Identification System, Balochistan is owned to provincial and national serving as repository of fingerprints of criminals. developments against sectarian groups and their However, as one ex-police officer shared, the leaders. However, the level of insecurity in database is “nonfunctional for many years.”284 Balochistan is still high, especially when compared with other regions of the country. There is a need for evolving an effective broad-based implementation mechanism regarding NAP. There Ever since Balochistan government announced an are other challenges too, which have not been amnesty scheme, Baloch insurgents and identified in the NAP in detail. In view of the commanders continue to surrender. A major security landscape in 2015, the following challenges development this year was the positive indication of critical importance needed to be adjusted in the from insurgent leaders, of starting peace talks with national counterterrorism plan. Balochistan government. Brahmdagh Bugti, in an interview to the BBC, on the ninth death anniversary 14.1 Critical Areas of his grandfather Nawab Akbar Khan Bugti, said he is prepared to give up his demand for an 14.1.1. FATA independent Balochistan if its people so desire.286 The separatist leader, who heads the Baloch Even though FATA witnessed 36 percent decrease in Republican Party – believed to be patronizing the terrorist attacks in 2015, the drivers of instability Baloch insurgent group BRA – from self-exile in there are still intact. The terrorists have relocated Switzerland, also expressed his willingness to most of their infrastructure to the other side of the engage in dialogue with the government, provided border in Afghanistan. The terrorist networks on the the ongoing military operation in Balochistan was other side of the border not only have operational halted and the forces withdrawn. That was good capacities to launch attacks inside the country, but news for the Balochistan government, which is can also complicate the border security. In 2015, TTP already putting in efforts to bring back and engage militants launched 12 attacks from Afghanistan; the Khan of Kalat so as to reach out to the ‘angry most of these attacks were reported from Bajaur, Baloch’ leaders and bring them to the negotiating South Waziristan, Mohmand agencies, indicating table.287 If these reconciliation efforts continue, they the spread of the threat at the western borders. The will help in reducing the levels of insecurity in the relocation of militant infrastructure on the other side province.288 of the border has changed the nature of threat. The Pakistani militants, who posed an insurgency-like 14.1.3 Interior Sindh and Karachi threat in Pakistani tribal areas, after relocation into Afghanistan, posed a conventional border threat. The paramilitary forces-led operation in Karachi is mainly targeting target killers, extortionists, The successful military offensive Zarb-e-Azb in North kidnappers of all sorts without political and Waziristan has contributed in scaling down the religious discrimination; the second objective of the terrorist threat in Pakistan, but parts of Shawal valley operation was to eliminate the no-go areas in the still needed to be cleared, thereby putting the metropolis. 289 This operation has contributed in surveillance- and vigilance-level high in the agency.285 reducing violent incidents in the city, but terrorist Apart from security high alert, return and reintegration attacks in the districts of Jacobabad, Kashmore, of the IDPs are major tasks. It was expected that Shikarpur and Sukkur indicate that terrorist successful military operations in FATA will help in networks are now penetrating in interior Sindh. clearing terror infrastructure from the tribal areas. It Three terrorist groups, Jundullah, LeJ and Al-Qaeda now appears that the vulnerability to terrorism will in Indian Subcontinent (AQIS) have accepted the remain high until the IDPs are re-settled and FATA’s responsibility of these attacks. The traces of Daesh- administrative structure is restructured. inspired groups are also found in the province.290 A police survey of each district of Sindh also shows the 14.1.2. Balochistan changing security dynamics in Sindh.291

The Baloch insurgency is apparently losing the Moreover, despite the reduction in attacks in intensity of previous years; the number of sectarian- Karachi, the actors of violence are still present in the related attacks in the province has also decreased in

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Pakistan Security Report 2015 city.292 Law-enforcement agencies in Karachi face thereby resulting in deeming the emerging threats as multiple challenges to deal with, including ethno- insignificant. The same is true for ISIS, which is now political violence, sectarian killings, organized transforming local terrorist groups. Understanding crime, land grabs and militancy associated with the dynamics of conventional militant groups like local and global jihadi network. Analysts argue that Jamaatud Dawa and banned Jaish Muhammad is maintaining stability and peace in Karachi needs a also a difficult task. long-term strategy, which can be achieved only through the consensus involving both security and  The Islamic State Inspiration political leadership.293 Islamic State (IS) is a real and emerging threat for 14.1.4 Punjab Pakistan. The group’s influence and inspiration are increasing inside the country. In 2015, two alarming Even though terrorist activities declined by 41 reports emerged: The first was about the arrest of percent in Punjab in 2015 from 2014, parts of the some self-radicalised individuals in Karachi, who province still have the presence of militant were on their way to Syria to join the IS.294 They told networks. The TTP, Jamaatul Ahrar, LeJ and SMP investigators about how they made contact with the were major actors carrying out terrorist attacks in terrorist group in cyberspace. The second report was Punjab and Islamabad, with motives ranging from about an operational IS network in Sindh, the sectarian target killings to hitting at security existence of which was disclosed by senior police institutions. The killing of Punjab’s Home Minister officials.295 Other parts of the country are not free Shuja Khanzada in August 2015, the terrorist attacks from this phenomenon, evident from the emergence in Lahore and Multan, and the arrests of several of an IS cell in Sialkot296 and of the travels of the high-profile terrorist arrests from the province families to Syria.297 Moreover, the IS is also indicate increasing vulnerability of the major urban expanding its influence among local and foreign areas of the Punjab province and the federal capital. militant groups in the region. In 2015, the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU), an important To be sure, some militants have come under militant group, joined the ranks of IS.298 pressure from Punjab’s implementation of NAP, mainly curbs on hate speech, arrests of suspected  Al-Qaeda in Pakistan militants and their supporters, and killing of some main militant leaders. Still, concerted Although the footprints of Al-Qaeda had been counterterrorism and counter-extremism efforts are identified in major attacks inside Pakistan, the needed to eliminate terrorist infrastructure and terrorist group was not considered important by the appeal of militant ideologies. Therefore, major security departments in Pakistan. Instead, the group challenge for the provincial and federal was always considered as a part of global problem governments will be to strengthen and sustain or, at best, the American responsibility. After the action against militants for a longer period of time. establishment Al Qaeda in Indian Subcontinent (AQIS), the threat from the international group has 14.2 Critical Internal Threats been increased. Led by Asim Umar, the group is 14.2.1 Changing Dynamics of Terrorist Groups and absorbing the human resources of the fragmented Recruitment Patterns TTP, and it has the operational capabilities and resources for launching attacks in the region.299 The dynamics of some of the old threats continued to evolve in 2015, but responses of law-enforcement  Dealing with Banned Groups departments need a dedicated platform to Although the country has been vowing to take scientifically monitor the changing behaviors, trends action against all sorts of armed groups, including and emerging patterns of terrorist groups. This those attacking across the border, the government’s initiative will help them to broaden their threat subsequent action and statements suggest lack of perception and evolve effective responses. So far, it clarity on dealing with the Haqqani network and has been difficult for law-enforcement agencies to Jamaatud Dawa, which are on the watch list.300 The think beyond the established threats. Pakistan is a notification issued by the Pakistan Electronic Media frontline state in the war against terrorism, but Al- Regulatory Authority (Pemra), banning the media Qaeda has never been on its threat-perception radar,

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Pakistan Security Report 2015 coverage of proscribed organisations has exposed Two major factors need to be underlined: One, the policy-level ambiguity about the status of sectarian terrorist groups are still active in different extremist organisations, besides providing Pakistan; and two, the discourse of hatred in the groups such as JuD.301 and its charity wing, country has become increasingly sectarian.307 These opportunity to once again dismiss the government two factors complement each other and contribute in action as part of the Western and Indian campaign turning sectarian violence a structural problem. The against them.302 The similar ambiguity exists about government realizes the looming sectarian threat. the status of ethnic and nationalist militant groups, Prime Minister himself directed for as the 21st Constitutional Amendment specifies that concrete action against the sectarian outfits across only terrorist group or organisation using the name the country.308 But, the government’s approach in of religion or sect would be tried under the Army dealing with sectarian terrorists has been oriented Act 1952.303 Unless these ambiguities and confusions around counter-terrorism, without addressing the are addressed, banned militant groups will continue causes promoting sectarian minds. flourishing their networks. 14.2.3. The Madrassa Challenge  Changing Recruitment Patterns The Madrassa debate dominated the media and Educational institutions and radical segments of public discussions during 2015. religious groups are still attractive as sources of recruitment for sectarian terrorist groups. Radical The National Action Plan (NAP), too, assigned tendencies among educated youth, from both public priority to reforming madrassas. On September 7, and private educational institutions, have the Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif presided over a potential to serve the purpose of global terrorist session of religious scholars from different school of movements as well as local violent radical groups. thoughts and representatives of seminary boards Self-radicalised individuals who are influenced by ‘Ittehad-e-Tanzeemul Madaris’. The meeting, also militant ideologies fall in this category.304 Members attended by Chief of Army Staff (COAS) General of conventional militant groups like Jamaatud Dawa Raheel Sharif and Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) and the banned Jaish-e-Mohammad always remain Director General Lieutenant-General Rizwan available for Al Qaeda and IS. Akhtar,309 marked a significant development, in civil-military leadership clearly conveying that the In gender perspectives, militant groups are also madrassas spreading hatred and violence would not focusing on recruiting females in their terrorist be tolerated. networks. In 2015, Al-Qaeda in the Indian Subcontinent (AQIS) has launched the women’s But dealing with the challenge of madrassa reforms wing led by Afinda Binte Ayesha.305 Karachi police is not simplistic. Three aspects need to be taken care also exposed a group of women who were tasked by of: The first is about registration and mainstreaming the IS-inspired militant group to arrange for of the madrassas, given little to no clue about their marriages of its operatives and raise funds for its numbers and growth.310 The second issue links with activities.306 These incidents indicate militants are madrassas feeding into insecurity; certain madrassas diversifying their recruitment strategies. and banned militant outfits provide human resources, ideological support and, more critically, 14.2.2 Sectarian Violence hideouts for terrorists, which help them in carrying out their attacks.311 The third pertains to the quality 60 percent decrease in sectarian-related terrorist of the education the madrassas provide. attacks indicate a positive trend in security, but the number of people killed in incidents of sectarian Apparently, it seems that government lacks violence in 2015 offer a grim picture: such killings understanding about the Madrassa challenge. It has increased by about 7 percent. As pointed out in the assigned the task of madrassa reforms to the federal 2014 report, fluctuations in sectarian violence are interior ministry, even though after the 18th an old phenomenon in Pakistan. After 9/11, a Amendment, education has become a provincial major respite was observed in sectarian-related subject. Yet another challenge is that most provinces incidents in Pakistan, but after 2009, an upward have not come up with relevant legislation, while trend in sectarian violence was seen. those having relevant laws have ignored madrassas from those laws.

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It is for the provinces to take up the responsibility on along with management, intelligence gathering, Madrassa, such as by evolving strategies for mobility and connectivity. At the same time, the maintaining a database on madrassas, managing NAP should prioritize the de-politicization of police, their registration process, mainstreaming them and so as to shape it into a professional force.314 introducing curriculum reforms. Security, too, is for the provinces to look after, such as by developing a 14.3.4 Jail Security and Reforms better monitoring system for the small fraction of Yet another important but neglected area in counter- madrassas linked to terrorism.312 terrorism framework is about jail security and 14.3 Critical Policy Initiatives reforms. They are critical today, given that some terrorist groups have infiltrated in the ranks of 14.3.1 FATA Reforms police and jails officials.315

Militants grew in FATA in the past, partly because of 14.3.5 Illegal Weapons the existing vacuum in political and administrative structures, which were further weakened by Putting an end to the easily-available heavy weapons militants’ attack of the tribal elders, key players in the is a major challenge for the security forces in their administration. The militants could exploit the counter-militancy drive. According to data collected situation in the future, too, especially when the by Pakistan Customs, between 2010 and 2014, around military pressure is eased, without mainstreaming or 1.2 billion rupees worth of different kinds of weapons 316 reforming FATA’s existing structures. were imported into the country. Sectarian terrorist groups and nationalist insurgents in Balochistan 14.3.2 A Multifold Reintegration Program appear to have recently adopted targeted killings as the foremost instrument of terrorism; easy access to The counterterrorism policy alone cannot resolve the lethal weapons has made their task easier. complexities of other security challenges, which are rooted deep in society and state structures. It was 14.3.6 Securing Cyberspaces long expected that the government will come up Militant groups use cyberspaces for propagating with a comprehensive counter-extremism strategy to their messages, recruiting new adherents, and complement NAP. News report rather emerged that generating funds, thereby making the virtual world the armed forces announced of taking on the issue of a vulnerable place for the youth. However, the extremism on its own, instead of leaving it to the government’s plan of introducing cyber-crime bill to civilian government alone.313 Both civilian and monitor internet for terrorist activities, inflict several military institutions need to be on the same page to restrictions on the regular users, and violators, of the deal with the multifold challenge of extremism. Such internet, which are taken as attack on civil liberties. a challenge requires a multifold reintegration Civil society fears that any such law could be framework with broader focus both on violent and misused in the name of terrorism, not least because non-violent individuals and groups. Such an there is no comprehensive personal data protection approach has not been conceived, as the state is mechanism.317 mainly relying on conventional frameworks of rehabilitation. A creative multipronged reintegration 14.3.7 Terror Financing framework is required, irrespective of whether the state adopts a surgical approach or a political one, to The Federal Investigation Agency (FIA) has got tackle terrorism. policing powers to lodge cases of terrorism, money laundering and cybercrimes.318 Detecting terror 14.3.3 Better Policing financing as it occurs, is currently a bank’s responsibility; the State Bank has issued a set of There is no denying the fact that police need to be detailed guidelines, last updated in 2012, that give equipped with new technologies and resources, but “examples or characteristics of possible suspicious utilizing the available resources also needs to be transactions for money laundering or financing of assessed. Likewise, the operational build-up of the terrorism”. Only a handful of those, among the 65 in police, it technical support, and capacity building the guidelines, relate to terror financing. All the rest are also areas needing attention. Their training relate to money laundering. Still further, the programs should focus on technology-led policing,

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Pakistan Security Report 2015 guidelines are very vague about those related to actually responsible for administering terror financing.319 madrassa sector. o To neutralize violent extremist tendencies, “Islamabad has approached Riyadh, calling for a detaching the conventional militant groups fresh clampdown on organisations and individuals from terrorism landscape and curbing hate financing sectarian and banned outfits operating in speech, the government has to initiate a Pakistan.”320 reintegration scheme. o The provinces need to establish de- 15. Recommendations radicalization centers. So far, Pakistan Army is running rehabilitation centers in Swat, but  Effective Implementation Mechanism of the across the world, it is considered a NAP responsibility of the police. There is a dire need for establishing an effective  FATA and KP mechanism to implement the National Action Plan. Currently, the Federal Interior Ministry o The government needs swift action to not has taken the leading role beyond its capacity in only provides full facilities to the IDPs but implementing the NAP. There is a need to also to check undesired practices by such distribute the Ministry’s responsibility to related charity organizations in IDPs camps. There ministries and provinces. The national and is a need for making government aid provincial apex committees also need to be agencies more effective to enhance trust of taking up monitoring task effectively. the IDPs on the state. o Rapid completion of development initiatives  Counter-Extremism Strategy in FATA and KP is crucial. There is an o There is a need for establishing a national urgent need to speed up the FATA reforms dialogue forum (NDF). It can serve as a process, and the Frontier Crimes Regulation platform for the scholars, academicians, (FCR) must be replaced with the Pakistan political and religious leaders and Penal Code, the Code of Criminal Procedure policymakers to bring all the key challenges and the Evidence Act. All fundamental on the discussion table and to understand rights guaranteed by the Constitution must each other’s viewpoints. The NDF cannot be extended to FATA without further delay. only help to connect diverse ideological, social and political segments of the society,  PIPS again reiterates the following but it can also create an environment to recommendations for better policing in discuss critical issues. Such an important Pakistan: initiative must come from the chief executive of the country, with the support of o Oversight of the criminal justice system by the parliament. parliament and provincial assemblies o The provinces will need to establish should be increased. curriculum review committees comprising o Greater emphasis should be placed on law educationists, and experts from diverse and order and on the increased outlay of religious, academic and political backgrounds. resources during annual budget allocations, Such committees can be established separately and smart utilization of allocated resources. within existing mechanisms, with specific o Closer networking is needed among the tasks to regularly monitor and evaluate the subsystems of the criminal justice system. impact of the textbooks. o Practitioners should be trained in conflict o The provinces need to prioritize the resolution and management so that these registration of madrassas and to set up a techniques can be employed before mechanism to bring them under their resorting to the use of force. administrative control. Interestingly, while o The anti-terrorism courts need to be provinces consider madrassas a federal strengthened, through working on issue, federal ministries of religious affairs infrastructure uplifting and capacity building. and interior are confused about who is

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Notes

1 and represent increase and decrease, respectively, from 2014 to 2015. 2 Bureau report, Lashkar-i-Islam merges into TTP, Dawn, March 13, 2015 - http://www.dawn.com/news/1169243 3The term ‘local Taliban’ varies from one area to another but mainly denotes groups that are loosely connected with the TTP or formed with similar objectives. Many criminal elements also use this label. Most of these groups are small and their operations limited only to their respective vicinities. These groups are active in Peshawar valley districts in KP. 4 PIPS telephonic interview with Rahimullah Yousafzai, Peshawar-based analyst based, December 2015. 5 Imran Gbabol, Lashkar-i-Jhangvi chief Malik Ishaq, two sons killed in Muzaffargarh 'encounter', Dawn, July 29, 2015 - http://www.dawn.com/news/1197098 6 Naziha Syed Ali, Situationer: Who's who of Baloch insurgency, Dawn, June 1, 2015- http://www.dawn.com/news/1185401 7 Azaz Syed, Haider Gilani in custody of Indian al-Qaeda, The News, May 28, 2015 - http://www.thenews.com.pk/print/42928-haider-gilani-in-custody-of-indian-al-qaeda 8 Dawn, September 18, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1207710/army-captain-among-29-killed-in-ttp- claimed-attack-on-paf-camp-in-peshawar 9 Dawn, February 13, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1163374/20-killed-as-taliban-storm-peshawar- imambargah BBC Urdu, February 14, 2015 10 Dawn, December 29, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1229406/26-killed-in-suicide-attack-near-nadra- office-in-mardan 11 Dawn, Islamabad, December 14, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1226275/sectarian-terror-revisits- parachinar s 12 Dawn, May 14, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1181810 13 Dawn, July 06, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1192628 14 Dawn, June 09, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1187020 15 Dawn, September 18, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1207710/army-captain-among-29-killed-in-ttp- claimed-attack-on-paf-camp-in-peshawar 16 The News, February 03, 2015, http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-7-299539-Three-peace-body- members-killed-in-Tirah-blast 17 The News, February 09, 2015, http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-35778-Three-peace-body- members-killed-in-Tirah-blast 18 Dawn, September 9, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1205786/six-pro-govt-tribal-volunteers-killed 19 Dawn, May 12, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1181429 20 Daily Nai Baat (Urdu), Rawalpindi, October 16, 2015. 21 Dawn, January 06, 2015. http://www.dawn.com/news/1155200 22 Dawn, December 29, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1229406/26-killed-in-suicide-attack-near-nadra- office-in-mardan 23 Daily Times, February 16, 2015, http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/national/16-Feb-2015/15-militants-killed-in- kurram-agency-clash 24 Dawn, May 07, 2014, http://www.dawn.com/news/1180510 25 Daily Nawa-i-Waqt (Urdu), Peshawar, April 02, 2015 26 Dawn, May 16, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1182297 27 Daily Mashriq (Urdu), Peshawar, June 02, 2015 28 Dawn, March 18, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1170358/pml-n-leader-killed-in-peshawar-ttp-claims- responsibility 29 The News, May 1, 2015, http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-37272-Cop-killed-as-Sherpao- survives-suicide-attack 30 Daily Express (Urdu), Islamabad, May 07, 2015 31 Daily Mashriq (Urdu), Peshawar, May 18, 2015.

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32 The News, July 16, 2015, http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-2-329258-House-of-ANPs-ex-minister- bombed 33 Daily Express (Urdu), Islamabad, May 26, 2015. 34 Daily Mashriq (Urdu), Peshawar, May 03, 2015 35 Daily Express (Urdu), Islamabad, June 30, 2015. 36 The News, Islamabad, January 10, 2015. 37 Daily Intekhaab (Urdu), Quetta, January 12, 2015. 38 Dawn, March 1, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1172134/militants-kill-five-policemen-in-loralai. 39 Dawn, June 6, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1186549/four-policemen-killed-in-quetta-gun-attack. 40 Dawn, June 12, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1187656. 41 Dawn, August 17, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1200941. 42 Dawn, September 3, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1204617. 43 Daily Nai Baat (Urdu), Rawalpindi, October 20, 2015. 44 Express Tribune, August 31, 2015, http://tribune.com.pk/story/947498/militants-attack-jiwani-airport-in- balochistan. 45 Express Tribune, November 1, 2015, http://tribune.com.pk/story/983071/3-killed-as-ied-blast-hits-passenger- train-in-mastung. 46 The News, April 12, 2015, http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-36936-Terrorists-kill-20-sleeping- labourers-in-Turbat. 47 Dawn, May 31, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1185247. 48 Zia Ur Rehman, “Road to ethnic cleansing,” The News on Sunday, June 7, 2015. 49 Dawn, May 25, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1184081. 50 Express Tribune, September 13, 2015, http://tribune.com.pk/story/955871/balochistan-insurgency-militants- attack-bizenjos-village-in-awaran. 51 Dawn, September 21, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1208279. 52 Dawn, October 9, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1211966. 53 Dawn, October 30, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1216206. 54 Daily Nawa-i-Waqt (Urdu), Rawalpindi, December 9, 2015. 55 Dawn, December 16, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1226710/brother-of-cms-adviser-gunned-down-in- awaran. 56 Dawn, January 27, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1159658. 57 Dawn, April 27, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1178435/four-killed-in-sibi-bomb-blast. 58 Express Tribune, October 20, 2015, http://tribune.com.pk/story/975668/at-least-four-killed-in-blast-on-sariab- road-quetta; Dawn, October 21, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1214534. 59 Daily Express (Urdu), Islamabad, January 9, 2015. 60 Daily Express (Urdu), Islamabad, February 5, 2015. 61 Daily Express (Urdu), Islamabad, February 14, 2015; Daily Express (Urdu), February 18, 2015, http://www.express.com.pk/epaper/PoPupwindow.aspx?newsID=1102691644&Issue=NP_ISB&Date=20150 218. 62 Daily Azadi (Urdu), Quetta, March 3, 2015. 63 Dawn, October 23, 2015, http://epaper.dawn.com/DetailNews.php?StoryText=23_10_2015_001_001. 64 Dawn, March 11, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1168703. 65 Express Tribune, March 21, 2015, http://tribune.com.pk/story/856734/suicide-attack-leaves-2-rangers-dead- in-north-nazimabad. 66 Daily Jang (Urdu), Rawalpindi, May 03, 2015. 67 Dawn, August 13, 2015, http://tribune.com.pk/story/937131/four-policemen-killed-in-karachi-targeted- attack. 68 Dawn, November 21, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1221269. 69 The News, September 10, 2015, http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-39551-Second-journalist-slain- in-Karachi-in-two-days; Dawn, September 22, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1208434. 70 Dawn, September 21, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1208287.

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71 Dawn, November 28, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1222738. 72 Dawn, January 06, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1155174. 73 Express Tribune, November 14, 2015, http://tribune.com.pk/story/991011/seven-people-hurt-in-grenade- attack-in-lyari. 74 Dawn, April 17, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1176298/gunmen-shoot-vice-principal-of-karachi- college. 75 The News, February 04, 2015. http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-35683-Stop-executions-if-you- want-schoolchildren-to-remain-safe. 76 Dawn, March 02, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1166784. 77 Dawn, March 19, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1170429. 78 Daily Nai Baat (Urdu), Rawalpindi, September 01, 2015. 79 Express Tribune, September 19, 2015, http://tribune.com.pk/story/959432/2-killed-in-attack-on-shrine-in- karachi. 80 Dawn, February 15, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1163282. 81 Daily Dunya (Urdu), Islamabad, May 14, 2015. 82 Express Tribune, May 16, 2015, http://tribune.com.pk/story/887270/tragedy-strikes-toy-bomb-kills-two- children. 83 Dawn, February 05, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1161530. 84 The News, Islamabad, July 02, 2015. 85 Dawn, September 22, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1208465. 86 Daily Dunya (Urdu), Rawalpindi, May 27, 2015 87 Dawn, January 10, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1155946 88 Dawn, March 15, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1169713/15-killed-in-taliban-attack-on-lahore-churches 89 Dawn, August 17, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1200973 90 Express Tribune, December 02, 2015, http://tribune.com.pk/story/1002097/security-threats-cracker-thrown- at-tv-channel-office 91 The News, December 8, 2015, http://www.thenews.com.pk/print/80314-tv-channels-office-attacked-in- sargodha-guard-injured 92 Dawn, March 16, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1169815 93 Dawn, November 17, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1220255 94 Dawn, September 06, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1205253 95 Dawn, February 19, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1164544 96 Dawn, June 02, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1185670 97 Dawn, June 27, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1190762/gunmen-attack-aswj-president-and-brother 98 Dawn, January 10, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1155946 99 Dawn, January 31, 2015. http://www.dawn.com/news/1160630/sectarian-outrage-in-shikarpur-53-dead 100 Dawn, February 13, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1163374/20-killed-as-taliban-storm-peshawar- imambargah ; BBC Urdu, February 14, 2015 101 Dawn, December 29, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1229406/26-killed-in-suicide-attack-near-nadra- office-in-mardan 102 Dawn, March 15, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1169713/15-killed-in-taliban-attack-on-lahore-churches 103 Dawn, June 09, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1187020 104 Dawn, August 17, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1200973 105 Dawn, October 23, 2015, http://epaper.dawn.com/DetailNews.php?StoryText=23_10_2015_001_001 106 Dawn, October 24, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1215218/suicide-attack-on-muharram-procession- claims-22-lives 107 Daily Nawa-i-Waqt (Urdu), Rawalpindi, February 1, 2015. 108 Dawn, February 1, 2015,http://www.dawn.com/news/1160812. 109 Dawn, October 24, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1215218/suicide-attack-on-muharram-procession- claims-22-lives; BBC Urdu, October 27, 2015, http://www.bbc.com/urdu/pakistan/2015/10/151026_jacobabad_blast_victim_tk.

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110 Dawn, May 14, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1181698/43-killed-in-attack-on-bus-carrying-ismailis-in- karachi. 111 Express Tribune, March 21, 2015, http://tribune.com.pk/story/856732/twin-blasts-rock-karachi. 112 Dawn, October 23, 2015, http://epaper.dawn.com/DetailNews.php?StoryText=23_10_2015_001_001. 113 Dawn, Rawalpindi, April 28, 2015. 114 Express Tribune, June 8, 2015, http://tribune.com.pk/story/899679/sectarian-target-five-hazara-men-gunned- down-in-quetta/. 115 Dawn, July 7, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1192833. 116 Dawn, July 18, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1195221/suicide-blast-at-quettas-brewery-road-kills-two. 117 The News, February 16, 2015, http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-35934-ASWJ-leader-gunned- down-in-Rawalpindi. 118 Dawn, June 2, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1185670. 119 Dawn, June 27, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1190762/gunmen-attack-aswj-president-and-brother. 120 Dawn, January 10, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1155946. 121 Dawn, February 19, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1164544; Express Tribune, February 18, 2015, http://tribune.com.pk/story/840334/blast-heard-in-islamabad. 122 Dawn, March 21, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1171010. 123 Dawn, February 13, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1163374/20-killed-as-taliban-storm-peshawar- imambargah; BBC Urdu, February 14, 2015, http://www.bbc.co.uk/urdu/pakistan/2015/02/150214_peshawar_imamia_blast_update_hk; The News, Islamabad, February 19, 2015; The News, Islamabad, May 06, 2015. 124 Dawn, Islamabad, December 14, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1226275/sectarian-terror-revisits- parachinar. 125 Daily Times, January 18, 2015. http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/national/18-Jan-2015/family-injured-in- grenade-attack-in-kurram-agency. 126 Daily Express (Urdu), Islamabad, February 7, 2015. 127 Express Tribune, Islamabad, May 16, 2015. 128 Express Tribune, September 19, 2015, http://tribune.com.pk/story/959432/2-killed-in-attack-on-shrine-in- karachi. 129 Include political leaders whose political association was not reported or who contested election as independent candidates, also include local leaders and former office bearers of district governments. 130 Dawn, January 06, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1155174. 131 The News, May 1, 2015,http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-37272-Cop-killed-as-Sherpao-survives- suicide-attack. 132 Dawn, May 25, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1184081. 133 Express Tribune, May 31, 2015, http://tribune.com.pk/story/895343/pml-n-mpa-rana-shamshad-son-killed- in-gujranwala. 134 Dawn, August 17, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1200973; Express Tribune, August 16, 2915, http://tribune.com.pk/story/939003/blast-rocks-punjab-home-minister-shuja-khanzadas-political-office-in- attock. 135 Dawn, October 09, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1211966. 136 Dawn, November 27, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1222604. 137 Dawn, November 1, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1216768/11-killed-in-khairpur-gunfight; BBC Urdu, November 1, 2015, http://www.bbc.com/urdu/pakistan/2015/10/151030_sindh_punjab_local_bodies_election_tk. 138 Ibid. 139 The News, November 20, 2015, http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-40765-Five-killed-in-polling- related-violence. 140 Dawn, December 16, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1226604/two-ppp-men-two-constables-killed-in- sanghar-clash.

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141 Dawn, October 26, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1215496/two-pti-men-die-in-clash-with-pml-n- workers-in-lahore. 142 The News, November 20, 2015, http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-40765-Five-killed-in-polling- related-violence. 143 Ibid. 144 Dawn, December 6, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1224514. 145 Daily Nawa-i-Waqt (Urdu), Rawalpindi, December 9, 2015. 146 Dawn, May 30, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1185129. 147 The News, May 30, 2015, http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-37760-10-killed-in-KP-election- related-violence. 148 The News, May 31, 2015, http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-37760-10-killed-in-KP-election- related-violence. 149 Express Tribune, June 1, 2015, http://tribune.com.pk/story/895557/unpleasant-turn-seven-killed-eight- injured-as-unidentified-men-attack-celebration-party; Daily Nawa-i-Waqt (Urdu), Rawalpindi, June 02, 2015. 150 The News, Islamabad, June 3, 2015. 151 Dawn, September 13, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1206664. 152 This section is contributed by Mr. Najmuddin, Human Rights Commission of Pakistan. 153 This section is partly contributed by Mr. Iqbal Khattak, senior journalist 154 The News, September 10, 2015, http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-39551-Second-journalist-slain- in-Karachi-in-two-days; Dawn, September 22, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1208434. 155 The News, February 28, 2015, http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-7-304267-College-blown-up-in- Orakzai 156 Dawn, July 06, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1192672 157 Dawn, August 11, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1199729 158 The News, February 04, 2015. http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-35683-Stop-executions-if-you- want-schoolchildren-to-remain-safe 159 Dawn, March 02, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1166784 160 Dawn, March 19, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1170429 161 The News, Rawalpindi, April 12, 2015. 162 Dawn, May 25, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1184047/soldier-killed-in-cross-border-militant-attack. 163 Express Tribune, August 24, 2015, http://tribune.com.pk/story/943627/cross-border-attack-afghan-based- terrorists-kill-4-pakistani-soldiers. 164 Dawn, October 27, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1215715/seven-fc-men-killed-in-south-waziristan- border-attack-ispr. 165 The News, November 27, 2015, http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-40903-Soldier-four-militants- killed-in-cross-border-attack. 166 Fareed Assad, “Reaching out to Islamabad: options for Kabul,” Pajhwok, September 21, 2015, http://www.pajhwok.com/en/opinions/reaching-out-islamabad-options-kabul. 167 “Afghanistan delaying move for border coordination,” Dawn, December 5, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/ news/1224350. 168 Ibid. 169 Kamran Yousaf, “Border coordination: Islamabad, Kabul set up military hotline,” Express Tribune, December 31, 2015. 170 The News, August 29, 2015, http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-39324-Eight-civilians-martyred- in-Indian-firing. 171 “Pakistan, India agree on ceasefire at Working Boundary,” The News, September 13, 2015, http://www.thenews.com.pk/print/14608-pakistan-india-agree-on-ceasefire-at-working-boundary. 172 Dawn, October 24, 2015, http://epaper.dawn.com/DetailNews.php?StoryText=24_10_2015_003_004. 173 The News, October 26, 2015, http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-40380-India-targets-Pak-villages- with-heavy-mortars.

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174 Dawn, October 26, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1215495/two-pakistani-minors-killed-in-shakargarh- cross-border-firing-dco. 175 Daily Times, April 19, 2015, http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/national/19-Apr-2015/pak-iran-sign-agreement- on-border-security. 176 The News, October 29, 2015, http://www.thenews.com.pk/print/15429-pakistan-iran-to-join-forces-against- daesh-other-terror-outfits. 177 The News, January 06, 2015, http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-35095-10-militants-killed-five- injured-in-NWA-drone-attack. 178 The News, September 02, 2015, http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-39400-Six-militants-killed-in- NWA-drone-attack 179 Daily Times, May 17, 2015, http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/national/17-May-2015/drone-attack-in-north- waziristan-kills-five-uzbek-militants 180 Dawn, March 20, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1170762/drone-kills-ttp-leader 181 Press Release, Inter-Services Public Relations, No PR380/2015-ISPR, December 12, 2015, https://www.ispr.gov. pk/front/main.asp?o=t-press_release&id=3127#pr_link3127 182 “Operation Zarb-e-Azb: Army gearing up for final push in Shawal Valley”, The Express Tribune, June 29, 2015, http://tribune.com.pk/story/911661/army-gearing-up-for-final-push-in-operation-zarb-e-azb/ 183 Press Release, Inter-Services Public Relations, No PR380/2015-ISPR, December 12, 2015, https://www.ispr.gov.pk/front/main.asp?o=t-press_release&id=3127#pr_link3127 184 “10 years on: Vaccination drive launched in North Waziristan”, The Express Tribune, March 5, 2015, http://tribune.com.pk/story/848027/10-years-on-vaccination-drive-launched-in-north-waziristan/ 185 “Afghanistan's Ghani urges regional help to defeat terrorism”, BBC, 9 December 2015, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-35048954 186 Ismail Khan, “Military operation in Khyber ends successfully”, Dawn, July 3, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/ news/1192007 187 Imran Gabol, “Lashkar-i-Jhangvi chief Malik Ishaq, two sons killed in Muzaffargarh 'encounter'“, Dawn, July 29, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1197098 188 This list is retrieved, largely verbatim, from NACTA’s website. Source: http://nacta.gov.pk/Download_s/ Presentations/National_Action_Plan_NACTA_Pakistan.pdf 189 Azam Khan and Aamir Saeed, "Fighting terror: institutional structure in the context of NAP", Pak Institute for Peace Studies, Conflict and Peace Studies (Autumn 2015),http://pakpips.com/art.php?art=168 190 Ibid. 191 "NAP success a collective responsibility: Nawaz Sharif", The Nation, September 11, 2015 192 Dawn, January 24, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1159091/punjab-ahead-of-other-provinces-in-anti- terror-steps. 193 Press Release, Inter-Services Public Relations, No PR380/2015-ISPR, December 12, 2015, https://www.ispr.gov. pk/front/main.asp?o=t-press_release&id=3127#pr_link3127 194 Press Release, Inter-Services Public Relations, No PR380/2015-ISPR, December 12, 2015, https://www.ispr.gov.pk/front/main.asp?o=t-press_release&id=3127#pr_link3127 195 Based on data collected by the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan. See: http://hrcp- web.org/hrcpweb/who-has-been-executed/ 196 NasirIqbal, "Military courts get Supreme Court nod", Dawn, August 5, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/ news/1198533 197 Nawa-e-Waqt, February 8, 2015, http://www.nawaiwaqt.com.pk/E-Paper/Lahore/2015-02-08/page- 1/detail-9. 198 “10 get life term in Malala attack case”, The News, May 1, 2015, http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News- 13-37269-10-get-life-term-in-Malala-attack-case. 199 “Poorly-funded: Nacta gets Rs100m against Rs2b demand", The Express Tribune, July 23, 2015, http://tribune.com.pk/story/924786/poorly-funded-nacta-gets-rs100m-against-rs2b-demand./ 200 Azam Khan, "Billions for counter-terrorism, nothing for Nacta", The Express Tribune, June 7, 2015 http://tribune.com.pk/story/899257/billions-for-counter-terrorism-nothing-for-nacta/

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201 “Poorly-funded: Nacta gets Rs100m against Rs2b demand”, Express Tribune, 23 Jul 2015, http://tribune.com.pk/story/924786/poorly-funded-nacta-gets-rs100m-against-rs2b-demand/ 202 Amir Wasim, “Nacta is functioning without formal staff, Senate told”, Dawn, November 12, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1219112 203 "IhsanGhani made Nacta chief", The Nation, August 22, 2015 http://nation.com.pk/national/22-Aug- 2015/ihsan-ghani-made-nacta-chief 204 NACTA’s National Coordinator Ihsan Ghani’s interview, Naya Pakistan, Geo News, October 24, 2015, http://www.zemtv.com/2015/10/24/naya-pakistan-24th-october-2015/ 205 NaiBaat, Islamabad, August 7, 2015. 206 BaqirSajjad Syed and Iftikhar A. Khan, "Confusion over status of JuD, Haqqani network",Dawn, January 23, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1158809/confusion-over-status-of-jud-haqqani-network. 207 KhawarGhumman, "95 banned groups active in Punjab", Dawn, January 15, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1157108. 208 “Senate given names of 61 banned outfits”, The Nation, December 19, 2015, http://nation.com.pk/national/19- Dec-2015/senate-given-names-of-61-banned-outfits 209 Azam Khan, "No outfits banned after APS massacre, top court told", Express Tribune, June 29, 2015,http://tribune.com.pk/story/911569/no-outfits-banned-after-aps-massacre-top-court-told 210 Jang, August 28, 2015, https://e.jang.com.pk/08-28-2015/pindi/pic.asp?picname=528.gif. 211 Naziha Syed Ali, “Analysis: Militancy’s charitable face”, Dawn, November 21, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1221263 212 Kalbe Ali, “Who asked Pemra to ban JuD, others?”, Dawn, November 4, 2015 213 Malik Asad, "Pemra bans media coverage of JuD, FIF", Dawn, November 3, 2015 http://www.dawn.com/news/1217122 214 Dawn, January 21, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1158400. 215 “Pemra monitoring TV coverage of banned groups”, Dawn, November 8, 2015 216 ZahidGishkori, "New terror watch list catalogues 5,400 militants", Express Tribune, January 19, 2015, http://tribune.com.pk/story/823183/new-terror-watch-list-catalogues-5400-militants. 217 Munawer Azeem and Kalbe Ali, “Lal Masjid brigade back again”, Dawn, November 14, 2015 218 Amir Wasim, "Afghan DPs’ stay to be extended, says Nisar", Dawn, December 31, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1229800/afghan-dps-stay-to-be-extended-says-nisar 219 Ahmad Hassan, "PM forms committee for Fata reforms", The News, November 10, 2015, http://www.thenews.com.pk/print/72382-pm-forms-committee-for-fata-reforms 220 "FATA Reforms Committee holds consultations with parliamentary members", Ary News, December 11, 2015, http://arynews.tv/en/fata-reforms-centary-members/ 221 “FATA reforms process to complete within four months: Minister,” Radio TNN, December 15, 2015, http://www.radiotnn.com/fata-reforms-process-to-complete-within-four-months-minister. 222 Report, What Are You Doing Here?, Human Rights Watch, November 18, 2015, https://www.hrw.org/report/2015/11/18/what-are-you-doing-here/police-abuses-against-afghans- pakistan 223 Amir Wasim, "Afghan DPs’ stay to be extended, says Nisar", Dawn, December 31, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1229800/afghan-dps-stay-to-be-extended-says-nisar 224 “Ghani thunders, Swaraj diplomatic at 'Heart of Asia' conference in capital”, Dawn, December 10, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1225210 225 KhawarGhumman, "Govt won’t spare errant seminaries, ulema told", Dawn, September 8, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1205572 226 “CM House meeting: 50 madrassas in Sindh linked with banned outfits,” Express Tribune,” August 6, 2015. 227 “Number crunching: Nearly half of Punjab’s seminaries are unregistered,” Express Tribune,” August 3, 2015. 228 ZahidGishkori, “Uniform standards: Most unregistered Madaris in K-P, says officials,” Express Tribune, January 18, 2015, http://tribune.com.pk/story/823639/uniform-standards-most-unregistered-madaris-in-k-p- says-officials/

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229 ZahidGishkori, “Uniform standards: Most unregistered Madaris in K-P, says officials,” Express Tribune, January 18, 2015, http://tribune.com.pk/story/823639/uniform-standards-most-unregistered-madaris-in-k-p- says-officials/ 230 Noor Aftab, “Commission to regulate religious seminaries soon,” The News, June 22, 2015. 231 Nawa-e-Waqt, July 13, 2015, http://www.nawaiwaqt.com.pk/E-Paper/islamabad/2015-07-13/page-1. 232 Ali Akbar, “145 KP seminaries classified 'highly sensitive' in govt reports,” Dawn, March 2, 2015. 233 Fawad Ali, "703 unregistered tribal seminaries to be blacklisted", The Express Tribune, August 26, 2015, http://tribune.com.pk/story/944774/clamping-down-703-unregistered-tribal-seminaries-to-be-blacklisted. 234 Dunya, January 14, 2015, http://e.dunya.com.pk/detail.php?date=2015-01- 14&edition=ISL&id=1492942_53480617. 235 Ali Usman, "Geo-tagging database: Punjab maps location of 11,000 madrassas", March 12, 2015, The Express Tribune, http://tribune.com.pk/story/851861/geo-tagging-database-punjab-maps-location-of-11000- madrassas./ 236 Kalbe Ali, "Action against seminaries spills into Islamabad", Dawn, August 29, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1203597 237 Kalbe Ali, "Seminaries oppose govt move to ban foreign students", Dawn, February 15, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1163707 238 “Agreement between federal government and scholars on madrasa registration form”, Daily Express, October 3, 2015 239 “Principle agreement on giving madrassah degrees the status of modern knowledge”, Nai Baat, November 13, 2015 240 Anwar Iqbal, “Elements in Pakistan, Afghanistan major sources of terrorist financing: US report”, Dawn, 24 November 2015 241 Amir Wasim and BaqqirSajjad Syed, "Saudi money will be scrutinised: FO", Dawn, February 11, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1162846/saudi-money-will-be-scrutinised-fo. 242 “Exhortation: Riyadh urged to help choke terror money”, Express Tribune, January 15, 2015, http://tribune.com.pk/story/822077/exhortation-riyadh-urged-to-help-choke-terror-money. 243 ZahidGishkori, "Year 2013-14: 80 seminaries received Rs300m in foreign aid", Express Tribune, January 29, 2015, http://tribune.com.pk/story/829407/year-2013-14-80-seminaries-received-rs300m-in-foreign-aid. 244 Ifitkhar A. Khan, "Only 23 seminaries receiving foreign funding: minister", Dawn, January 31, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1160627. 245 Zahid Gishkori, "234 madrassas in Balochistan receive foreign cash: official", Express Tribune, February 20, 2015,http://tribune.com.pk/story/841298/countering-extremism-in-balochistan-234-madrassas-receive- foreign-cash-official 246 Dunya, March 05, 2015, http://e.dunya.com.pk/detail.php?date=2015-03-05&edition=ISL&id=1578237_ 88283081. 247 Nisar orders reinvestigation of Khanani case,” The Express Tribune, November 18, 2011, http://tribune.com.pk/story/993507/nisar-orders-reinvestigation-of-khanani-case/ 248 “Treasury Sanctions The Khanani Money Laundering Organization", U.S. Department of the Treasury, November 12, 2015, https://www.treasury.gov/press-center/press-releases/Pages/jl0265.aspx 249 “Khanani’s arrest by US shocks money-changers”, Dawn, November 15, 2015 250 “FIA to broaden drive against money laundering, terror financing", The News, December 19, 2015. 251 Special cell set up to choke terror financing, Express Tribune, 15 Sep 2015, http://tribune.com.pk/story/956944/special-cell-set-up-to-choke-terror-financing/ 252 Mohammad Ali Babakhel, “Funding terrorism”, Dawn, December 30, 2015. 253 “NA passes Anti-Money Laundering Bill", The News, November 26, 2015, http://www.thenews.com.pk/print/75421-na-passes-anti-money-laundering-bill 254 “FIA can lodge terrorism, money laundering and cybercrime cases, The News, 30 Sep 2015 http://www.thenews.com.pk/print/14916-fia-can-lodge-terrorism-money-laundering-and-cybercrime-cases 255 “Terror Financing: FIA unearthed 320 billion scandal”, Daily Jang, 22 January 2015

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256 “Revelation of alleged transfer of money from a Peshawar private bank to extremists”, Daily Mashriq, January 23, 2015 257 Danish Hussain, "52 Afghans involved in terror finance nabbed", Express Tribune, August 24, 2015, http://tribune.com.pk/story/943605/hundi-and-hawala-52-afghans-involved-in-terror-finance-nabbed. 258 “Man convicted of terror financing”, Dawn, November 13, 2015 259 Zahid Gishkori, “Army assigned security of Chinese engineers,” Express Tribune, April 22, 2015. 260 Zahid Gishkori, “Economic corridor: 12,000-strong force to guard Chinese workers,” Express Tribune, Islamabad, March 30, 2015. 261 The News, Islamabad, Saturday, June 06, 2015. 262 Daily Dunya (Urdu), Islamabad, September 30, 2015. 263 PIPS interview with Mr Hamayoun Khan, lecturer at National Defense University and expert on Pak-China affairs, December 2015. 264 PIPS interview with Mr Hamayoun Khan. 265 PIPS interview with Mr Hamayoun Khan. 266 “Joint intelligence directorate to be functional within months, Nisar tells NA", The Express Tribune, December 17, 2015, http://tribune.com.pk/story/1011603/joint-intelligence-directorate-to-be-functional-within-months- nisar-tells-na/ 267 “ATF corporals successfully complete third training course in Kharian", Dunya News, September 20, 2015, http://dunyanews.tv/en/Pakistan/299997-ATF-corporals-successfully-complete-third-training 268 “Special Prison in Sahiwal for terrorists in Punjab”, Daily Express, July 29, 2015 269 “Because of 3G and 4G technology, jammers non-functional; prison centers unsafe", Daily Jang, December 4, 2015, (PIPS translation) 270 Express Tribune, February 1, 2015, http://tribune.com.pk/story/830895/threat-containment-govt-bringing- new-laws-to-combat-extremism-cm. 271 Radio Pakistan, February 2, 2015, http://www.radio.gov.pk/newsdetail/66806/8. 272 Nai Baat, February 20, 2015, http://naibaat.com.pk/ePaper/islamabad/20-02-2015/details.aspx?id=p1_28.jpg. 273 Zulqernain Tahir, "25m unverified SIMs blocked", Dawn, April 14, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/ 1175828 274 Full text of the amendment: http://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1420800454_327.pdf 275 Full text of the amendment: http://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1449574923_658.pdf 276 ZahidGishkori, "Parliamentary panel passes cybercrime bill", The Express Tribune, September 18, 2015, http://tribune.com.pk/story/958826/tackling-crime-or-curbing-speech-parliamentary-panel-passes- cybercrime-bill/ 277 Jamal Shahid, "Opposition accuses government of bulldozing cybercrime bill", Dawn, October 7, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1211465 278 “PPP vows to block cybercrimes bill", The Express Tribune, October 7, 2015, http://tribune.com.pk/story/968594/in-senate-ppp-vows-to-block-cybercrimes-bill/ 279 “CM extends special powers of Rangers for 60 days," Dawn, December 21, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1227807/cm-extends-special-powers-of-rangers-for-60-days 280 Executive summary, Comprehensive review of National Action Plan, Conflict and Peace Studies, A PIPS research journal, Volume 7, number 2, July-December 2015 281 Azam Khan and Aamir Saeed, Fighting terror: institutional structure in the context of NAP, Conflict and Peace Studies, A PIPS research journal, Volume 7, number 2, July-December 2015. According to the details, eleven (11) of these committees were to be headed by the federal minister of interior, Chaudhry Nisar Ali Khan. This makes him head of almost 73 percent of the committees, including the ones on preventing emergence of militias, on curbing hate speech, and on stemming proscribed outfits. The remaining four (4) committees were led by finance minister Senator Ishaq Dar, on terror financing; information minister Senator Pervaiz Rashid, on militant glorification in media, and on justice system reforms; Governor Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Mehtab Khan, on FATA reforms and smooth return of Internally Displaced Persons. . 282 Executive summary, Comprehensive review of National Action Plan, Conflict and Peace Studies, A PIPS research journal, Volume 7, number 2, July-December 2015

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283 Tariq Parvez, “NAP: the right questions”, Dawn, December 28, 2015 284 Ibid. 285 PIPS telephonic interview with Sailab Khan Mehsud, a senior journalist from tribal areas, December 2015. 286 Adil Shahzeb, "Balochistan rebel leader Brahamdagh Bugti 'ready to talk'", BBC.com, August 27, 2015 287 PIPS telephonic interview with Mr. Zafar Ullah, former Home Secretary, Balochistan, December, 2015. 288 PIPS telephonic interview with Hasil Bizenjo, chairman National Party Balochistan, December 2015. 289 PIPS telephonic interview with Raja Umar Khattab, chief of the Counter-Terrorism Department of the Sindh police, December 2015. 290 Daish network exists in Sindh, The News, October 14, 2015- http://www.thenews.com.pk/print/15163-daesh- network-exists-in-sindh 291 Hasan Mansoor, Police identify localities infested with ‘militants’ in Sindh, Dawn, November 8, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1218143 292 Additional Inspector General Sindh, Mushtaq Maher admitted in a press conference on September 5, 2015- http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/national/06-Sep-2015/sleeper-cells-of-terrorist-outfits-still-exist-in-karachi- police-chief 293 PIPS telephonic interview with Nazir Laghari, Karachi-based political analyst, December 2015. 294 Faraz Khan, Two Pakistani men caught trying to go to Syria to join Islamic State, Express Tribune, October 3, 2015 -http://tribune.com.pk/story/966517/nipped-in-the-bud-self-radicalised-militants-flight-to-syria- aborted/ 295 Daish network exists in Sindh, The News, October 14, 2015- http://www.thenews.com.pk/print/15163-daesh- network-exists-in-sindh 296 Asif Chuadry, IS cell busted in Sialkot, claim officials, Dawn, December 29, 2015 - http://www.dawn.com/news/1229341 297 TV report, CTD arrests 8 terrorists of ISIS group in Sialkot, Channel 24, December 29, 2015- http://channel24.pk/punjab/ctd-arrests-8-terrorists-isis-group-sialkot/ 298 Tahir Khan, Too long a wait: Uzbek militants group joins IS, Express Tribune, April 2, 2015 http://tribune.com.pk/story/862840/too-long-a-wait-uzbek-militants-group-joins-is/ 299 Muhammad Amir Rana, Scale of the challenge, Dawn, August 9, 2015 - http://www.dawn.com/news/1199303/scale-of-the-challenge 300 Executive summary, Comprehensive review of National Action Plan, A PIPS research journal, Conflict and Peace Studies, Volume 7, Number 2, July-December 2015 301 Baqir Sajad Syed, Confusion over status of JuD, Haqqani network, Dawn, January 23, 2015 - http://www.dawn.com/news/1158809 302 Muhammad Amir Rana Dealing with banned groups, Dawn, November 8, 2015 - http://www.dawn.com/news/1218265/dealing-with-banned-groups 303 16 banned terror groups not covered by 21st Amendment, The News, January 7, 2015 http://www.thenews.com.pk/print/16918-16-banned-terror-groups-not-covered-by-21st-amendment 304 Muhammad Amir Rana, The threat is still there, Dawn, November 22, 2015 - http://www.dawn.com/news/1221368/the-threat-is-still-there 305 Terror plans of Al-Qaeda women’s wing exposed, The News, January 30, 2015 - http://www.thenews.com.pk/print/10608-terror-plans-of-al-qaeda-womens-wing-exposed 306 Faraz Khan, Assistants of terror: How women raise funds for Da’ish in Karachi, Express Tribune, December 21, 2015 http://tribune.com.pk/story/1013558/assistants-of-terror-revealed-how-women-raise-funds-for-daish- in-karachi/ 307Muhammad Amir Rana, “At the centre of extremism,” The News on Sunday, December 01, 2013. 308 Govt to get tough with sectarian outfits now, The News, August 25, 2015- http://www.thenews.com.pk/print/14251-govt-to-get-tough-with-sectarian-outfits-now 309 The Nation, Islamabad, September 8, 2015 310 According to a media report, illegal construction of madressahs and mosques in Islamabad caused a loss of Rs1.1 billion to the public exchequer. This was disclosed in an audit report of financial affairs of the Capital Development Authority (CDA) for the fiscal year 2012-2013 during the meeting of Public Accounts

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Committee. (Source: Malik Asad, ‘Illegal mosques, madressahs caused Rs1.1 billion loss’, Dawn, January 29, 2015, http://www.dawn.com/news/1160127) 311 Muhammad Amir Rana, Pyramid of challenges, Dawn, January 25, 2015 - http://www.dawn.com/news/1159249/pyramid-of-challenges 312 Muhammad Amir Rana, The Madressah factor, Dawn, February 22, 2015 - http://www.dawn.com/news/1165095/the-madressah-factor 313 Baqir Sajjad Syeed, Military to take on growing menace of extremism, Dawn, December 23, 2015 - http://www.dawn.com/news/1228256 314 Executive summary, Comprehensive review of National Action Plan, Conflict and Peace Studies, A PIPS research journal, Volume 7, number 2, July-December 2015 315 Faraz Jamali, “Decision to start scrutiny of jail officials,” Nai Baat (Urdu), Karachi, October 14, 2014. 316 Syed Arfeen, The arms trail, The News on Sunday, February 1, 2015 317 Executive summary, Comprehensive review of National Action Plan, Conflict and Peace Studies, A PIPS research journal, Volume 7, number 2, July-December 2015 318 FIA can lodge terrorism, money laundering and cybercrime cases, The News, September 30, 2015 - http://www.thenews.com.pk/print/14916-fia-can-lodge-terrorism-money-laundering-and-cybercrime-cases 319 Khurram Hussain, Analysis: Tracking terror money: mission impossible?, Dawn, January 25, 2015 - http://www.dawn.com/news/1159333 320 Exhortation: Riyadh urged to help choke terror money, Express Tribune, January 15, 2015 - http://tribune.com.pk/story/822077/exhortation-riyadh-urged-to-help-choke-terror-money/

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ANNEXURES

Annex 1: Suicide Attacks in Pakistan in 2015

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Claim of Date Location Target Killed Injured responsibility 13 Feb Peshawar Worship Pol : 1 Civ : 48 TTP places/shrines/imambargahs Civ : 23 23 Feb Bannu Security forces/law enforcement Mil : 1 TTP 30 Apr Charsadda Political leaders/workers Mil : 1 Pol : 1 TTP Pol : 1 22 May Charsadda Civilians Mil : 1 Civ : 4 TTP 11 Jun Peshawar Security forces/law enforcement Pol : 2 Pol : 6 TTP 29 Dec Mardan Civilians Civ : 26 Civ : 50 Jamaatul Ahrar

Total 6 Attacks 56 Killed 109 Injured

FATA

Claim of Date Location Target Killed Injured responsibility 08 Jun South Security check posts Mil : 19 Mil : 07 TTP Waziristan Arm : 07 Arm : 07 01 Sep Khyber Security forces/law enforcement Pol : 4 Pol : 15 TTP Agency Civ : 2 Civ: 41 Total 2 Attacks 32 Killed 70 Injured

Sindh

Claim of Date Location Target Killed Injured responsibility 30 Jan Shikarpur Shia religious Civ : 63 Civ : 47 Jundullah scholars/community 20 Mar Karachi Security forces/law enforcement Rng : 2 Rng : 4 TTP 23 Oct Jacobabad Shia religious Civ : 28 Civ : 40 LeJ scholars/community Total 3 Attacks 93 Killed 91 Injured

Balochistan

Claim of Date Location Target Killed Injured responsibility 17 Jul Quetta Shia religious Civ : 1 LeJ scholars/community Mil : 1 22 Oct Bolan Shia religious Civ : 11 Civ : 12 LeJ scholars/community Total 2 Attacks 13 Killed 12 Injured

Pakistan Security Report 2015

Punjab & Islamabad

Claim of Date Location Target Killed Injured responsibility 09 Jan Rawalpindi Shia religious Civ : 8 Civ : 16 Jamatul Ahrar scholars/community 17 Feb Lahore Security forces/law Pol : 2 Civ : 3 Jamatul Ahrar enforcement Civ : 3 15 Mar Lahore Christian community Civ : 18 Civ : 67 Jamatul Ahrar 16 Aug Attock Pol : 1 Civ : 25 Jamatul Ahrar Political leaders/workers Civ : 18 14 Oct Dera Ghazi Mil : 1 Civ : 13 Jamatul Ahrar Khan Political leaders/workers Civ : 7 Total 5 Attacks 58 Killed 152 Injured

Annex 2: Drone Attacks in Pakistan in 2015

Date Location Killed Injured Detail 05 Jan North Waziristan Mil : 10 Mil : 5 A US drone fired four missiles and struck two Agency different militant compounds located close to each other in the Lowara Mandi area of Dattakhel Tehsil killing 10 militants and wounding five others. 15 Jan North Waziristan Mil : 7 Seven militants were killed in a US drone strike in Agency Shawal valley of North Waziristan. 28 Jan North Waziristan Mil : 7 Mil : 2 A US drone fired missiles at a compound in Shawal Agency area of the troubled North Waziristan, killing seven suspected militants and injuring two others. 19 Mar Kurram Agency Mil : 3 A TTP leader Khawrey Mehsud belonging to Sararogha area in South Waziristan was killed along with two associates in a drone strike in Kurram Agency. 12 Apr North Waziristan Mil : 4 Four suspected militants were killed when a US drone Agency targeted a house in Shawal area in North Waziristan. 16 May North Waziristan Mil : 5 Mil : 2 A US drone fired two missiles on a compound in the Agency Wara Mandi area of Shawal Valley. Reportedly five Uzbek militants were killed. 06 Jun North Waziristan Mil : 9 Mil : 4 A US drone launched two missiles which struck as Agency many compounds belonging to Taliban militants in the remote valley of Shawal. 06 Aug North Waziristan Mil : 7 US drone fired two missiles at a house reportedly Agency being used by the militants in the Lowara Mandi area of Dattakhel district. Local tribesmen claimed all of the seven killed were foreign fighters. 01 Sep North Waziristan Mil : 6 Mil : 4 A US drone fired two missiles at a house believed to Agency be in the use of foreign militants in the Karwanda village near the Manzarkhel area of Dattakhel sub- division. Six suspected militants were killed on the spot and four others suffered injuries.

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Pakistan Security Report 2015

Date Location Killed Injured Detail 18 Sep South Waziristan Mil : 6 A US drone fired missiles killing at least six suspected Agency militants and destroying their hideout in the Sarwekai tehsil of South Waziristan. Total 10 Attacks 64 Killed 17 Injured

Annex 3: Cross-Border Attacks and Clashes in 2015

Pak-Afghan Border

Date Location Target Killed Injured Perpetrator 12 Apr Mohmand Agency Civilians Mil : 20 TTP 16 Apr Bajaur Agency Security forces/law enforcement TTP 07 May Qilla Abdullah Security forces/law enforcement Afghan security forces 10 May Bajaur Agency Civilians Civ : 1 TTP 24 May Bajaur Agency Security check posts FC : 1 TTP 01 Jul South Waziristan Security forces/law enforcement Arm : 2 Afghan security Agency forces 05 Jul North Waziristan Security forces/law enforcement Afghan security Agency forces 23 Aug Khyber Agency Security forces/law enforcement Arm : 4 Arm : 4 TTP 20 Sep Bajaur Agency Tribesmen Civ : 1 TTP 27 Oct South Waziristan Security check posts FC : 7 TTP Agency 01 Nov Kurram Agency Civilians TTP 04 Nov Bajaur Agency Security check posts TTP 11 Nov South Waziristan Security check posts TTP Agency 15 Nov South Waziristan Security check posts TTP Agency 26 Nov Mohmand Agency Security check posts Mil : 4 Mil : 5 TTP Arm : 1

Total 15 Attacks 38 Killed 12 Injured

Pak-India Border Attacks

Date Location Target Killed Injured Perpetrator 01 Jan Narowal Civilians Indian BSF 02 Jan Narowal Civilians Indian BSF 03 Jan Narowal Civilians Civ : 1 Indian BSF 03 Jan Narowal Civilians Civ : 1 Indian BSF

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Pakistan Security Report 2015

Date Location Target Killed Injured Perpetrator 04 Jan Narowal Civilians Civ : 4 Indian BSF 07 Jan Narowal Civilians Indian BSF 11 Jan Narowal Civilians Indian BSF 12 Jan Narowal Civilians Indian BSF 13 Jan Narowal Civilians Indian BSF 20 Jan Narowal Civilians Indian BSF 25 Jan Sialkot Civilians Indian BSF 29 Jan Sialkot Civilians Indian BSF 30 Jan Sialkot Civilians Civ : 2 Indian BSF 08 Feb Sialkot Security forces/law enforcement Indian BSF 10 Feb Sialkot Civilians Indian BSF 11 Feb Sialkot Civilians Indian BSF 14 Feb Poonch Civilians Civ : 1 Indian BSF 15 Feb Sialkot Civilians Indian BSF 27 Feb Kotli Civilians Civ : 1 Indian BSF 28 Feb Sialkot Civilians Indian BSF 01 Mar Sialkot Civilians Indian BSF 12 Apr Kotli Civilians Civ : 1 Indian BSF 15 Apr Sialkot Civilians Indian BSF 19 Apr Sialkot Civilians Indian BSF 22 Apr Hattian Civilians Indian BSF 12 May Poonch Civilians Indian BSF 15 May Sialkot Civilians Indian BSF 05 Jul Sialkot Civilians Indian BSF 13 Jul Poonch Civilians Civ : 1 Indian BSF 16 Jul Sialkot Civilians Civ : 3 Civ : 5 Indian BSF 16 Jul Rawalakot Civilians Civ : 1 Indian BSF 26 Jul Rawalakot Civilians Civ : 1 Indian BSF 01 Aug Sialkot Civilians Indian BSF 04 Aug Sialkot Civilians Civ : 3 Civ : 11 Indian BSF 07 Aug Neelum Civilians Civ : 1 Civ : 1 Indian BSF 09 Aug Muzaffarabad Civilians Civ : 1 Indian BSF 14 Aug Haveli Civilians Civ : 1 Civ : 3 Indian BSF 16 Aug Kotli Civilians Civ : 1 Civ : 4 Indian BSF 18 Aug Sialkot Civilians Civ : 1 Indian BSF 19 Aug Kotli Civilians Civ : 1 Civ : 2 Indian BSF 22 Aug Poonch Civilians Civ : 1 Indian BSF 28 Aug Sialkot Civilians Civ : 8 Civ : 57 Indian BSF 04 Sep Sialkot Civilians Indian BSF 14 Sep Sialkot Civilians Indian BSF

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Pakistan Security Report 2015

Date Location Target Killed Injured Perpetrator 15 Sep Rawalakot Security forces/law enforcement Arm : 1 Indian BSF 17 Sep Kotli Civilians Civ : 2 Indian BSF 18 Sep Kotli Civilians Civ : 1 Civ : 3 Indian BSF 23 Oct Sialkot Civilians Civ : 1 Indian BSF 25 Oct Sialkot Civilians Civ : 3 Civ : 12 Indian BSF 26 Oct Sialkot Security forces/law enforcement Civ : 2 Indian BSF Total 50 Attacks 39 Killed 104 Injured

Pak-Iran Border Attacks

Date Location Target Killed Injured Responsibility 06 Jan Kech Civilians 0 0 Iranian border security forces 15 Feb Panjgur Civilians 0 0 Iranian border security forces 08 Apr Kech Civilians 0 0 Iranian border security forces 02 May Kech Civilians 0 0 Iranian border security forces 30 Jun Panjgur Civilians 0 0 Iranian border security forces 21 Jul Panjgur Civilians 0 0 Iranian border security forces 17 Sep Washuk Civilians 0 0 Iranian border security forces 17 Oct Panjgur Civilians 0 0 Iranian border security forces 21 Nov Panjgur Civilians 0 0 Iranian border security forces Total 9 Attacks 0 Killed 0 Injured

Annex 4: Attacks on Educational Institution in 2015

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Date Location Target Killed Killed Responsibility 15 Jan Swabi Govt. School for Girls 0 0 TTP 05 Feb Peshawar A private school 0 0 TTP Total 2 Attacks 0 Killed 0 Injured

FATA

Date Location Target Killed Injured Responsibility 08 Feb Orakzai Agency Govt. Middle School 0 0 TTP 27 Feb Orakzai Agency Govt. Collage for Boys 0 0 TTP 18 Mar Mohmand Govt. Primary School for Girls TTP 0 0 Agency 17 Jun Bajaur Agency Govt. Primary School for Boys 0 0 TTP

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Pakistan Security Report 2015

Date Location Target Killed Injured Responsibility 05 Jul Bajaur Agency Govt. School 0 0 TTP 09 Jul Khyber Agency Govt. Primary School 0 0 Lashkar-e-Islam 10 Aug Kurram Agency Govt. School 0 0 TTP 27 Sep Khyber Agency Govt. School for Boys 0 0 Lashkar-e-Islam Total 8 Attacks 0 Killed 0 Injured

Sindh

Date Location Target Killed Injured Responsibility 03 Feb Karachi A private School 0 0 TTP 01 Mar Karachi Govt. Primary School for Girls 0 0 TTP 18 Mar Karachi A private School 0 0 TTP 31 Aug Karachi University 0 Civ : 2 TTP Total 4 Attacks 2 Injured

Annex 5: Attacks on Shrine and Worship Places

Date Location Target Killed Injured 09 Jan Orakzai Agency A mosque Civ : 1 Civ : 4 06 Feb Bolan Ghosia Alia Shrine 13 Feb Peshawar Imambargah Pol : 1 Civ : 48 Civ : 23 18 Feb Islamabad Imambargah Mil : 1 Civ : 4 Civ : 2 15 May Bajaur Agency A shrine 18 Sep Karachi A shrine Civ : 2 Civ : 4 24 Nov Tank A mosque Civ : 2 Civ : 2 Total 7 Attacks 32 Killed 62 Injured

Annex 6: Breakdown of Terrorist Attacks

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Month Frequency Killed Injured January 13 9 8 February 9 32 60 March 13 17 13 April 11 6 16 May 20 24 25 June 4 2 17

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Pakistan Security Report 2015

Month Frequency Killed Injured July 8 8 6 August 5 7 9 September 16 55 41 October 7 6 8 November 13 13 10 December 6 27 55 Total 125 Attacks 206 Killed 268 Injured

Balochistan

Month Frequency Killed Injured January 34 25 37 February 37 16 31 March 24 23 20 April 14 37 43 May 27 41 44 June 14 18 14 July 17 23 28 August 10 14 20 September 7 2 5 October 12 40 54 November 13 10 21 December 9 8 12 Total 218 Attacks 257 Killed 329 Injured

FATA

Month Frequency killed injured January 16 22 34 February 18 16 44 March 6 5 16 April 14 19 28 May 23 37 41 June 10 37 27 July 9 22 17 August 15 27 13 September 13 30 65 October 7 8 6 November 11 13 9 December 7 32 70 Total 149 Attacks 268 Killed 370 Injured

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Punjab

Month Frequency Killed Injured January 2 9 28 February 2 6 32 March 4 19 73 May 3 4 4 July 2 2 2 August 2 19 25 September 1 12 57 October 1 8 13 November 4 4 4 December 3 0 7 Total 24 Attacks 83 Killed 245 Injured

Sindh

Month Frequency Killed Injured January 3 63 47 February 2 0 19 March 1 0 2 April 1 0 0 May 4 3 10 June 1 0 10 July 1 4 1 August 2 2 2 September 1 1 0 October 1 28 40 Total 17 Attacks 101 Killed 131 Injured

Karachi

Month Frequency Killed Injured January 17 22 1 February 9 8 6 March 11 15 25 April 10 8 2 May 10 65 14 June 1 1 0 July 2 3 0 August 6 8 7

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Month Frequency Killed Injured September 7 5 7 October 2 3 0 November 7 8 18 December 3 4 0 Total 85 Attacks 150 Killed 80 Injured Islamabad

Month Frequency Killed Injured February 1 3 4 June 2 1 1 Total 3 Attacks 4 Killed 5 Injured

Gilgit-Baltistan

Month Frequency Killed Injured March 1 0 5 September 1 0 0 November 2 0 10 Total 4 Attacks 0 Killed 15 Injured

Annex 7: Incidents of Ethnic and Political Violence in 2015

Region Location Attacks Killed Injured Gujranwala 4 0 30 Hafizabad 2 1 38 Khanewal 1 0 10 Lahore 1 2 7 Mianwali 1 0 3 Nankana Sahib 1 2 0 Punjab Rawalpindi 1 1 4 Sahiwal 2 0 3 Sargodha 1 3 3 Sheikhupura 4 2 5 Toba Tek Singh 1 0 4 Punjab Total 19 11 107 Abbottabad 1 3 2 Charsadda 4 7 4

D.I Khan 1 0 8 Hangu 1 0 1

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Region Location Attacks Killed Injured Haripur 1 0 6 Kohat 1 1 11 Peshawar 2 2 30 Swabi 1 2 0 Tank 1 10 8 KP Total 13 25 70 Khuzdar 1 1 0 Balochistan Balochistan Total 1 1 0 Hyderabad 1 1 2 Karachi 23 26 5 Khairpur 1 11 15 Sanghar 1 4 7 Sindh Shikarpur 1 0 42 Sukkur 2 1 30 Thatta 1 1 3 Sindh Total 30 44 104 Total Pakistan 63 81 281

Month Frequency Killed Injured January 4 5 0 February 5 5 2 March 1 1 0 April 1 1 0 May 14 25 68 June 1 3 2 July 6 5 29 August 2 2 1 September 4 3 0 October 6 17 97 November 15 7 67 December 4 7 15 Total 63 81 281

Annex 8: Major Targets of Terrorism in 2015

Targets No of Attacks Killed Injured Security forces/law enforcement 211 318 383 Civilians 92 137 392 Political leaders/workers 41 57 75

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Targets No of Attacks Killed Injured Security check posts 41 111 51 Shia religious scholars/community 35 180 202 Pro-government tribesmen 32 52 35 Gas pipelines 26 Sunni religious leaders/community 19 20 8 Health/polio workers 15 13 8 Railway tracks / trains 15 4 45 Educational institutions 14 0 2 FC/army/police convoys 14 13 48 Media/journalists 11 5 9 Govt. officials 10 10 12 Power pylons 9 Tribal elders 7 16 6 Worship places/shrines/imambargahs 7 32 62 Non-Bloch settlers/workers 6 29 5 Govt. installation/hospitals/banks/property 5 2 5 Tribesmen 3 2 1 Christian community 3 18 70 NGO / civil society members 2 2 0 Private property 2 Militants 1 3 0 CD shops/others 1 Foreign interests/ Diplomats/Foreigners 1 0 1 Bohra community 1 2 10 Ismaili community 1 43 13 Total 625 1069 1443

Annex 9: Terrorist Attacks’ Tactics in 2015

Tactics Attacks FR 288 IED 256 HG 27 RA 24 Suicide Attacks 18 SAB 8 Mortar 3 KID 1 Total 625

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Annex 10: Official List of Banned Outfits

Below are the organizations banned in Pakistan, based on the list released by Interior Ministry in the Senate on December 18, 2015 and reported in the media.1

1. 313 Brigade, 2. Abdullah Azam Brigade 3. Ahle Sunnat Wal Jamaat 4. Al Harmain Foundation 5. Al Qaeda 6. Al-Khair Trust 7. Al-Rasheed Trust 8. Amar Bil Maroof Wa Nahi Anil Munkir (Haji Namdar Group) 9. Anjuman-i-Imamia 10. Baloch Student Organisation-Azad 11. Balochistan Bunyad Parast Army 12. Balochistan Liberation Army 13. Balochistan Liberation Front 14. Balochistan Liberation United Front 15. Balochistan Musallah Difa Tanzeem 16. Balochistan National Liberation Army 17. Balochistan Republican Army 18. Balochistan Waja Liberation Army 19. Daesh, Islamic State (IS) 20. East Turkmenistan Islamic Movement 21. Haji Namdar Group 22. Hizbut Tehrir 23. Islam Mujahideen 24. Islami Tehreek Pakistan 25. Islamic Jihad Union 26. Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan 27. Islamic Students Movement of Pakistan 28. Jaish-i-Islam 29. Jaish-i-Mohammad 30. Jamaat-ud-Dawa (JuD) 31. Jamiatul Ansar 32. Jamiatul Furqan 33. Jeay Sindh Muttahida Mahaz 34. Khair-un-Naas International Trust 35. Khana-i-Hikmat Gilgit Baltistan 36. Khuddamul Islam 37. Lashkar-e-Taiba or LeT, 38. Lashkar-i-Balochistan

1 Iftikhar A. Khan, "IS among 61 banned outfits, minister tells Senate", Dawn, December 19, 2015 http://www.dawn.com/news/1227402

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39. Lashkar-i-Islam, Ansarul Islam 40. Lashkar-i-Jhangvi 41. Markaz Sabeel Organisation 42. Millat-i-Islamia Pakistan 43. Muslim Students Organisation 44. Peoples Aman Committee (Lyari), Karachi 45. Rabita Trust 46. Shia Tulaba Action Committee 47. Sipah-i-Mohammad Pakistan 48. Sipah-i-Sahaba Pakistan 49. Tahafuz Hadudullah 50. Tanzeem Ahle Sunnat Wal Jamaat 51. Tanzeem Naujawanane Ahle Sunnat 52. Tariq Geedar Group 53. Tehreek Nafaz-i-Aman 54. Tehreek-i-Islami 55. Tehreek-i-Jafria Pakistan 56. Tehreek-i-Nifaz-i-Shariat-i-Mohammadi 57. Tehreek-i-Taliban Bajaur 58. Tehreek-i-Taliban Mohmand 59. Tehreek-i-Taliban Pakistan 60. Tehreek-i-Taliban Swat 61. United Baloch Army Annexure 11: Timeline of NAP actions

When? What? Source?

Dec. 30, 2014 The five religious educational boards agreed to Dawn, December 31, 2014, consider government proposal of adding modern http://www.dawn.com/news/115 education in their syllabus. 4216/seminaries-agree-to-consider- incorporating-modern-education.

Jan. 1, 2015 The federal government has set up three special courts The Nation, January 2, 2015, in three provincial capitals to try terror suspects http://nation.com.pk/national/02- Jan-2015/three-special-courts-set- up-to-try-terror-suspects.

Jan. 1, 2015 Government of Punjab announced head money for two Dunya, January 2, 2015, terrorists of Lashker-e-Jhangvi (LeJ). http://e.dunya.com.pk/detail.php? date=2015-01-02&edition= ISL&id=1474043_21367253.

Jan. 3, 2015 Interior Minister claims that action against the TTP and Dawn, January 4, 2015, its supporters across Pakistan have been launched. http://www.dawn.com/news/115 4988.

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When? What? Source?

Jan. 3, 2015 Anti-Terrorism Court issued black warrants for seven Dawn, January 4, 2015, terrorists including four militants of banned LeJ. http://www.dawn.com/news/115 4910.

Jan. 5, 2015 Supreme Court and Lahore High Court, separately, Express, January 6, 2015, acquitted five death row prisoners and ordered their http://www.express.com.pk/epape immediate release. r/PoPupwindow.aspx?newsID=110 2613831&Issue=NP_LHE&Date=201 50106.

Jan. 6, 2015 21st amendment establishing military courts for two Dunya, January 7, 2015, years, passed. http://e.dunya.com.pk/detail.php? date=2015-01-07&edition=LHR&id= 1481005_88325544.

Jan. 7, 2015 Two terrorists convicted of sectarian terrorism were Daily Express, January 8, 2015, hanged in Multan Central Jail. http://www.express.com.pk/epape r/PoPupwindow.aspx?newsID=110 2616845&Issue=NP_ISB&Date=2015 0108.

Jan. 8, 2015 Punjab government promulgated ordinance on Dawn, January 9, 2015, http:// security of various institutions like schools, colleges. www.dawn.com/news/1155881.

Jan. 8, 2015 Punjab government promulgated ordinance for Dawn, January 9, 2015, http:// keeping a “record of tenants and temporary residents”. www.dawn.com/news/1155881.

Jan. 9, 2015 Pakistan Army announced establishment of nine Dawn, January 10, 2015, military courts. http://www.dawn.com/news/115 6104.

Jan. 10, 2015 Only a “handful” of proscribed organizations will face Dawn, January 11, 2015, http:// government action, at least in the initial days, said a www.dawn.com/news/1156321. news report.

Jan. 13, 2015 Four terrorists given death penalty. Dawn, January 14, 2015, http://tribune.com.pk/story/82155 8/attack-on-isi-office-atc-hands- down-death-penalty-to-ttp-activists.

Jan. 13, 2015 PM-chaired meeting discussed issues relating to Dawn, January 14, 2015, http:// madrassa financing. www.dawn.com/news/1156907.

Jan. 13, 2015 Interior ministry completed registration and scrutiny Dunya, January 14, 2015, of seminaries in Islamabad identifying 160 seminaries http://e.dunya.com.pk/detail.php? as illegal. date=2015-01-14&edition=ISL&id =1492942_53480617.

Jan. 14, 2015 Interior Minister Nisar told a top meeting about the Dawn, January 15, 2015, presence of 95 active banned groups in Punjab. http://www. dawn.com/news/1157108.

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When? What? Source?

Jan. 14, 2015 Interior Minister met senior Saudi diplomat to Express Tribune, January 15, 2015, deliberate upon “how to stop financial support of http://tribune.com.pk/story/82207 banned outfits from Saudi Arabia, among other 7/exhortation-riyadh-urged-to- issues.” help-choke-terror-money.

Jan. 15, 2015 Senate Committee suggested amending Anti-Money Dawn, January 16, 2015, Laundering Act, 2010, to ward off any international http://www.dawn.com/news/115 reaction. 7345.

Jan. 15, 2015 A militant of Sipah-e-Sahaba was hanged to death in Dawn, January 16, 2015, Karachi central jail. http://www.dawn.com/news/115 7280.

Jan. 17, 2015 Convicted LeJ militant Akram Lahori, involved in Daily Times, January 18, 2015, sectarian killings, was hanged to death in Kot Lakhpat http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/E- jail in Lahore. Paper/Lahore/2015-01-18/page- 1/detail-6.

Jan. 18, 2015 The government has put 54,000 suspected militants Express Tribune, January 19, 2015, under Fourth Schedule, meant to monitor their http://tribune.com.pk/story/82318 activities. 3/new-terror-watch-list-catalogues- 5400-militants.

Jan. 19, 2015 A special feature on fighting cybercrime reported Dawn, January 20, 2015, about the presence of fake accounts condoning http://www.dawn.com/news/115 terrorism. 8086.

Jan 20, 2015 Punjab government promulgated ordinance banning Dawn, January 21, 2015, glorification of terrorists. http://www. dawn.com/news/1158400.

Jan. 21, 2015 Security forces traced involvement of Ghazi Force in Express Tribune, January 22, 2015, terrorism. http://tribune.com.pk/story/82553 8/intelligence-update-ghazi-force- is-gaining-ground-says-reports.

Jan. 21, 2015 Interior Ministry of Pakistan reportedly included Dawn, January 21, 2015, Jamaatud Dawa (JuD) and Haqqani network in banned http://www outfits’ list. .dawn.com/news/1158484.

Jan.21, 2015 FIA caught 320 million rupees used for terror Jang, January 22, 2015, https:// financing. e.jang.com.pk/01-22-2015/pindi /pic.asp?picname=535.gif.

Jan. 22, 2015 Foreign Office of Pakistan avoided confirming Dawn, January 23, 2015, proscription of JuD and Haqqani network, saying that http://www.dawn.com/news/115 Pakistan, obliging UN charter, is required to go against 8809/confusion-over-status-of-jud- those in the sanction list. haqqani-network.

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When? What? Source?

Jan. 22, 2015 Records seized from a bank in Peshawar suspected of Mashriq, January 23, 2015, terror financing. http://www.dailymashriq.com.pk/ index.php?date=2015-01- 23&edition=&type=.

Jan. 22, 2015 An intelligence agency asked the Islamabad Capital Express Tribune, January 23, 2015, Territory (ICT) Administration to take action against http://tribune.com.pk/story/82594 shops selling hate material. 9/countering-extremism-city- admin-told-to-remove-hate- material-from-shops.

Jan. 22, 2015 JuD announced to continue with its work and Jang, January 23, 2015, https:// condemned anti-JuD statements. e.jang.com.pk/01-23-2015/pindi /pic.asp?picname=522.gif.

Jan. 23, 2015 According to a report on NAP, the Prime Minister’s Dawn, January 24, 2015, House claimed that Punjab was leading on the http://www.dawn.com/news/115 implementation. 9091/punjab-ahead-of-other- provinces-in-anti-terror-steps.

Jan. 28, 2015 Senate was told that around 80 seminaries are receiving Express Tribune, January 29, 2015, foreign aid worth 300 million rupees. http://tribune.com.pk/story/82940 7/year-2013-14-80-seminaries- received-rs300m-in-foreign-aid.

Jan. 30, 2015 Government report claims that Punjab is still ahead in The News, January 31, 2015, implementing NAP: out of the 183,547 people arrested http://www.thenews.com.pk/Toda nationwide, 179,309 were from Punjab. ys-News-13-35612-9,074-operations- conducted-in-Punjab.

Jan. 30, 2015 Minister of State for Interior told Senate that only 23 Dawn, January 31, 2015, http:// seminaries in Sindh, KP and Balochistan are receiving www.dawn.com/news/1160627. foreign funding.

Jan. 31, 2015 First batch of Punjab Counter-Terrorism Force, Express Tribune, February 1, 2015, comprising 421 corporals, including 16 females, passed http://tribune.com.pk/story/83089 out. 5/threat-containment-govt- bringing-new-laws-to-combat- extremism-cm.

Feb. 1, 2015 Wafaqul Madaris refused to register seminaries unless Dunya, February 2, 2015,http:// issues with religious ministry are sorted out. e.dunya.com.pk/detail.php?date=2 015-02-02&edition =ISL&id =1526556_22760021.

Feb. 2, 2015 Sindh government approves formation of Anti- Radio Pakistan, February 2, 2015, Terrorism Force. http://www.radio.gov.pk/newsdet ail/66806/8.

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When? What? Source?

Feb. 3, 2015 Two convicts accused of sectarian killings were hanged The News, February 4, 2015, in Karachi Central Jail. http://www.thenews.com.pk/Toda ys-News-13-35680-Two-convicts- from-banned-outfit-hanged-in- Karachi.

Feb. 5, 2015 Rawalpindi/Islamabad police given mobile-phones Jang, February 6, 2015, tracing technology, for the first time. https://e.jang.com.pk/02-06- 2015/pindi/pic.asp?picname=537.gi f.

Feb. 6, 2015 According to a brief given to the Prime Minister, 10,616 The News, February 7, 2015, people held in 14,886 search operations across the http://www.thenews.com.pk/Toda country. ys-News-13-35751-10616-held-in- country-in-14886-search-operatios.

Feb. 7, 2015 Sufi Mohammad, head of defunct TNSM, was indicted Nawa-e-Waqt, February 8, 2015, by an ATC in Peshawar in rebellion case. http://www.nawaiwaqt.com.pk/E- Paper/Lahore/2015-02-08/page- 1/detail-9.

Feb. 10, 2015 In what is considered as a veiled reference to Saudi Dawn, February 11, 2015, Kingdom, the Foreign Office of Pakistan said that http://www.dawn.com/news/116 money sent through informal channels will be 2846/saudi-money-will-be- scrutinized. scrutinised-fo.

Feb. 13, 2015 The government barred foreign students from Nai Baat, February 14, 2015, admission in seminaries. http://naibaat.com.pk/ePaper/lah ore/14-02-2015/details.aspx?id= p1_16.jpg.

Feb. 14, 2015 Deobandi seminaries board opposed government plan Dawn, February 15, 2015, of restricting admission to foreign students into http://www.dawn.com/news/116 seminaries. 3707.

Feb. 19, 2015 Balochistan’s Anti-Terror Force passed out, comprising Nai Baat, February 20, 2015, http:// 200 personnel including 18 women. naibaat.com.pk/ePaper/islamabad /20-02-2015/details.aspx?id =p1_28.jpg.

Feb. 19, 2015 A senior Balochistan government official conceded that Express Tribune, February 20, 2015, 234 madrassas in the province receive funds from http://tribune.com.pk/story/84129 Muslim countries. 8/countering-extremism-in- balochistan-234-madrassas-receive- foreign-cash-official.

Mar. 3, 2015 A news report quoted government officials as saying Express Tribune, March 4, 2015, that cyber units had failed to “disable or block” http://epaper.tribune.com.pk/Disp websites of the TTP. layDetails.aspx?ENI_ID=1120100304 0205&EN_ID=11201003040064&EMI D=11201003040036.

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When? What? Source?

Mar. 4, 2015 IG Punjab told Senate Committee that 147 seminaries Dunya, March 05, 2015, in Punjab are receiving foreign assistance. http://e.dunya.com.pk/detail.php? date=2015-03-05&edition=ISL&id =1578237_88283081.

Mar. 11, 2015 A news report said that NACTA needs “men and The News, March 11, 2015, money” to fight terror. http://www.thenews.com.pk/Toda ys-News-13-36332-Nacta-needs- men-and-money-to-fight-terror.

Mar. 11, 2015 Madrassas not registered with any of the five boards Jang, Islamabad, March 12, 2015. were asked to register with the Madrassa Education Board.

Mar. 12, 2015 A news report said Punjab government has geo-tagged Express Tribune, March 12, 2015, 11,000 religious seminaries across the province. http://tribune.com.pk/story/85186 1/geo-tagging-database-punjab- maps-location-of-11000-madrassas.

Mar. 28, 2015 According to a report submitted to the PM, 32,347 Daily Times, March 29, 2015, people held in 28,826 operations by security forces. http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/E- Paper/Lahore/2015-03-29/page- 1/detail-0.

Mar. 30, 2015 “Pakistan to raise a 12,000-strong force to guard Express Tribune, March 30, 2015, Chinese working along CPEC,” claimed a media report http://tribune.com.pk/story/86107 quoting government officials. 8/economic-corridor-12000-strong- force-to-guard-chinese-workers.

Mar. 31, 2015 Punjab Home minister shared that so far 14,500 out of Radio Pakistan, March 31, 2015, 16,000 seminaries in Punjab have been registered. http://radio.gov.pk/newsdetail/67 203/7.

Apr. 2, 2015 A media report said couldn’t arrest 150 Nai Baat, Islamabad,April 2, 2015. wanted men identified in red and black books.

Apr. 2, 2015 Military courts award death to six militants on terror The News, April 3, 2015, charges. http://www.thenews.com.pk/Toda ys-News-13-36762-Military-courts- award-death-to-six-terrorists.

Apr. 10, 2015 A news report claimed that the accounts NACTA Dawn, April 10, 2015, claims to have frozen recently, were rather frozen over http://www.dawn.com/news/117 a period of time. 4993.

Apr. 14, 2015 A media report claimed that the ministry of religious Dawn, April 14, 2015, affairs on March 13 had forwarded the new madrassa http://www.dawn.com/news/117 registration form to the collective body of all the five 5832. Wafaqul Madaris – the Itehad-i-Tanzeematul Madaris Deenya (Itehad), but majority of seminary boards are undecided about the new registration forms.

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When? What? Source?

Apr. 14, 2015 Authorities stopped a JUD leader, Maulana Ameer The News, April 15, 2015, Hamza, at Lahore airport, from travelling to Saudi http://www.thenews.com.pk/Toda Arabia. His name was on Exit Control List. ys-News-2-312754-JuD-leader- barred-from-leaving-country.

Apr. 16, 2015 Electronic Crime Bill, imposing 14 year punishment Dunya, April 17, 2015, and 5 crore fine, was approved by the National http://e.dunya.com.pk/detail.php? Assembly Standing Committee on Information date=2015-04 17&edition= Technology ISL&id=1650867_12164261.

Apr. 30, 2015 ATC awarded life imprisonment to 10 militants for The News, May 1, 2015, attacking in 2012. http://www.thenews.com.pk/Toda ys-News-13-37269-10-get-life-term- in-Malala-attack-case.

May 11, 2015 At least 29 former militants completed training at the The News, May 12, 2015, rehabilitation center in Khar. http://www.thenews.com.pk/Toda ys-News-2-317724-Briefs...

May 18, 2015 A news report quoted a senior officer saying that 140 Express Tribune, May 18, 2015, out of the 30,000 people arrested across the country http://epaper.tribune.com.pk/Disp were collaborating with foreign spy agencies. layDetails.aspx?ENI_ID=1120100518 0005&EN_ID=11201005180002&EMI D=11201005180002.

May 23, 2015 Punjab Police efforts against hate material came under Dawn, May 23, 2015, objections, after the courts released arrested publishers http://www.dawn.com/news/118 and book-sellers, raising questions as to what is hate 3713. material.

May 26, 2015 As many as 13 madrassas involved in militancy raided Nawa-e-Waqt, Islamabad, May 27, in Punjab; 43 people arrested. 2015.

May 27, 2015 In a meeting presided over by the PM, the government Dawn, May 28, 2015, http://www. acceded that NAP requires “more effective dawn.com/news/1184691. implementation.”

Jun. 4, 2015 Ever since moratorium on the death penalty has been Express Tribune, June 4, 2015, lifted, 151 people have been executed, of which 23 were http://tribune.com.pk/story/89734 convicted of terrorism 4/capital-punishment-23-terror- convicts-among-151-hanged.

Jun. 26, 2015 A report submitted by intelligence agencies to interior Dunya, June 27, 2015, ministry revealed that despite strict measures, more http://e.dunya.com.pk/detail.php? than 60 banned outfits still collected funds. date=2015-06-27&edition= ISL&id=1765403_67129434.

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When? What? Source?

Jun. 26, 2015 A written reply submitted by Attorney General of Express Tribune, June 29, 2015, Pakistan (AGP) Salman Aslam Butt in the Supreme http://tribune.com.pk/story/91156 Court said the government had banned no new outfit 9/no-outfits-banned-after-aps- since the APS attack. massacre-top-court-told.

Jun. 28, 2015 Government mapped Pakistanis’donations to Nawa-e-Waqt, June 29, 2015, madrassas at 650 billion rupees in charity http://www.nawaiwaqt.com.pk/E- Paper/islamabad/2015-06-29/page- 12.

Jul. 12, 2015 A media report said Balochistan government planned Pakistan Today, July 12, 2015. to deploy surveillance drones against criminal http://www.pakistantoday.com.pk elements. /2015/07/12/national/balochistan- govt-to-deploy-surveillance-drones.

Jul. 12, 2015 Sindh Apex Committee admitted that more than 40 Nawa-e-Waqt, July 13, 2015, http:// seminaries are having links with terrorists, among www.nawaiwaqt.com.pk/E-Paper them 24 are in Karachi. /islamabad/2015-07-13/page-1.

Jul. 13, 2015 A report highlighted that after six months of Dawn, July 13, 2015, http:// announcement to do so under NAP, Islamabad police epaper.dawn.com/DetailImage.php has failed to establish the special anti-terror force. ?StoryImage=13_07_2015_004_001.

Jul. 16, 2015 A news report revealed that not a single unregistered Dawn, July 16, 2015, http:// madrassa, out of 579, has been sealed in Karachi. www.dawn.com/news/1194706.

Jul 16, 2015 Punjab Apex Committee, meeting for the sixth time, Dawn, July 17, 2015, http:// banned Zakat and Fitrana collection by proscribed www.dawn.com/news/1194988. organizations.

Jul. 16, 2015 According to a report submitted by the government in Express, July 17, 2015, http:// the Supreme Court of Pakistan, 142 NGOs and www.express.com.pk/epaper/PoP seminaries have been issued audit notices. upwindow.aspx?newsID=110296503 3&Issue=NP_ISB&Date=20150717.

Jul. 22, 2015 The Supreme Court expressed its concerns over the Express Tribune, July 23, 2015, ineffectiveness of the National Counter-Terrorism http://tribune.com.pk/story/92478 Authority (NACTA) in eradicating terrorism in the 6/poorly-funded-nacta-gets- country. rs100m-against-rs2b-demand.

Jul. 25, 2015 A media report claimed that the KP government had The News, July 25, 2015, planned a de-radicalization program worth 65 million http://www.thenews.com.pk/Toda rupees. ys-News-7-330513-Govt-plans- project-to-de-radicalise-militants-in- KP.

Jul. 29, 2015 Punjab government told the Supreme Court that it had Dawn, July 30, 2015, http:// registered cases against several banned outfits for www.dawn.com/news/1197226. illegally collecting funds.

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When? What? Source?

Jul. 29, 2015 Malik Ishaq, leader of Lashker-e-Jhangvi, was killed The News, July 30, 2015, http:// along with two sons in an alleged police encounter in www.thenews.com.pk/article- Muzaffargarh (Punjab). 192503-Malik-Ishaq-among-two- sons-killed-in-alleged-police- shootout.

Aug. 5, 2015 Supreme Court upheld the constitutional amendment Express Tribune, August 6, 2015, made for establishing military courts, keeping the http://tribune.com.pk/story/93253 review powers with itself (SC). 7/supreme-court-upholds- establishment-of-military-courts.

Aug. 6, 2015 PM approves the absorption of National Crisis Nai Baat, Islamabad, August 7, 2015. Management Cell into NACTA

Aug. 6, 2015 Punjab counter terrorism department along with Dawn, August 7, 2015, http:// intelligence officials undertook a joint search operation www.dawn.com/news/1198863/se in seminaries across the province detaining several arch-operations-in-punjab- students. seminaries.

Aug. 9, 2015 A total of 30 seminaries had been closed so far and put Dawn, August 10, 2015, under “suspect” category, said Interior Minister. http://www.dawn.com/news/119 9516/30-seminaries-closed-says- minister.

Aug. 13, 2015 Military court awarded death to six militants involved The News, August 14, 2015, http:// in APS attack and to one militant involved in Safoora www.thenews.com.pk/Todays- Goth, Karachi attack. News-13-39093-Seven-terrorists- awarded-death-by-military-court.

Aug. 15, 2015 An anti-terrorism court (ATC) in Lahore sentenced an Dawn, August 16, 2015, http:// Al-Qaeda man to life imprisonment. www.dawn.com/news/1200797.

Aug. 20, 2015 A media report indicated that only two of the 25 The News, August 20, 2015, prisoners hanged in Adiala Jail Rawalpindi so far were http://www.thenews.com.pk/Toda tried under the anti-terrorism act. ys-News-2-335257-Only-two-of-25- executed-prisoners.

Aug. 23, An intelligence agency tracked down a gang of 52 hundi Express Tribune, August 24, 2015, 2015 and hawla dealers, all Afghans, involved in terror http://tribune.com.pk/story/94360 financing. 5/hundi-and-hawala-52-afghans- involved-in-terror-finance-nabbed.

Aug. 24, 2015 The federal cabinet vowed to deal firmly with sectarian The News, August 25, 2015, outfits. http://www.thenews.com.pk/Toda ys-News-13-39258-Govt-to-get- tough-with-sectarian-outfits-now.

Aug. 24, 2015 A police report claimed that the number of madrassas Jang, August 25, 2015, https:// in Karachi has increased. e.jang.com.pk/08-25-2015/ pindi/pic.asp?picname=54.gif.

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When? What? Source?

Aug. 25, 2015 A news report claimed detained commanders of TTP The News, August 25, 2015, Swat chapter, Muslim Khan and Mehmood Khan, had http://www.thenews.com.pk/Toda died in custody of security forces owing to their illness. ys-News-7-336075-TTP-Swat- commanders-Muslim- KhanMehmood-Khan-die-in- custody.

Aug. 25, 2015 Sindh government ordered action against 49 Dawn, August 26, 2015, http:// seminaries having links with terrorists. www.dawn.com/news/1202829.

Aug. 25, 2015 Punjab law minister claimed that 20 seminaries once Dawn, August 26, 2015, accused of having links with militants are no long http://www.dawn.com/news/120 involved in militancy. 2904.

Aug. 26, 2015 A news report revealed that 703 unregistered Express Tribune, August 26, 2015, seminaries in FATA will be black listed soon. http://tribune.com.pk/story/94477 4/clamping-down-703- unregistered-tribal-seminaries-to- be-blacklisted.

Aug. 27, 2015 The government of Pakistan officially banned ISIS in Jang, August 28, 2015, https:// Pakistan, as per notification issued by the interior e.jang.com.pk/08-28-2015/ ministry. pindi/pic.asp?picname=528.gif.

Aug. 28, 2015 Spokesman for Wafaqul Madaris Al-Arabia Dawn, August 29, 2015, http:// complained that only Deobandi seminaries were www.dawn.com/news/1203597. targeted in recent raids.

Sep. 3, 2015 At least 86 persons including 3 Afghans arrested in a Nawa-e-Waqt, September 4, 2015 search operation in Peshawar’s outskirts

Sep. 7, 2015 The top civilian and military leadership held a meeting Dawn, September 8, 2015, http:// with representatives of religious seminaries indicating www.dawn.com/news/1205572. government’s renewed resolve to reform madrassas.

Sep. 13, 2015 Alleged killer of scholar Mufti Nizam uddin Shamzai The Express Tribune, September 14, arrested from Karachi 2015, http://epaper.tribune. com.pk/DisplayDetails.aspx?ENI_I D=11201009140005&EN_ID=112010 09140002&EMID=11201009140002

Sep. 15, 2015 Suspect involved in killing of journalist Aftab Alam’s The Express Tribune, September 14, arrested 2015, http://tribune.com.pk/story /956876/ctd-arrests-suspects-

involved-in-aftab-alams-killing/

Sep. 17, 2015: CTD arrested Tehreek-e-Emarat-e-Islamia Dunya, September 18, 2015 Afghanistan’s Karachi chapter head, Omer Hayat, in

Karachi.

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Sep. 19, 2015 A news report said that of late, law-enforcement Nawa-e-Waqt, September 20, 2015 agencies arrested at least 225 suspected terrorists including 25 foreigners, from all over the country.

Sep. 20, 2015 405 candidates completed the third national anti-terror Nawa-e-Waqt, September 21, 2015 course in Kharian

Oct. 2, 2015 Arrested terrorist shared details about the suicide Naye Baat, October 3, 2015 attack on Punjab’s home minister, Shuja Khanzada, in which he was killed

Oct. 2, 2015 Interior Minister announces that federal government Express, October 3, 2015 and religious scholars have agreed on madrassah registration form

Oct. 2, 2015 Interior Minister announces that NCMS will be Express, October 3, 2015 incorporated into NACTA

Oct. 2, 2015 Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority Dawn, October 2, 2015, http:// (PEMRA) bans coverage of Jamaat ud Dawa and Falah- www.dawn.com/news/1217122/pe i-Insaniat Foundation (FIF mra-bans-media-coverage-of-jud-fif

Oct. 3, 2015 Ulema Convention asked Interior Minister to publicize Express, October 4, 2015 the names of foreign-funded madrassahs

Nov. 03, 2015 After initial confusion as to who asked for coverage Dawn, November 4, 2015, http:// ban on banned outfits, it emerged that the order had www.dawn.com/news/1217384 come from information ministry.

Nov. 7, 2015 A police survey identified 8 districts of Sindh having Dawn, November 8, 2015, http:// concentration of militants www.dawn.com/news/1218143

Nov. 8, 2015 PEMRA sent advisories to a TV channel, asking it not Dawn, November 8, 2015, http:// to show footage of FIF workers www.dawn.com/news/1218289

Nov. 10, 2015 The military top brass, in a corps commander Dawn, November 11, 2015, conference, urged the government to come up with http://www.dawn.com/news/121 policies for securing long term gains of their operations 8911 against militants.

Nov. 11, 2015 Minister of State for Interior informed Senate that Dawn, November 13, 2015 service rules for NACTA have yet to laid down

Nov. 12, 2015 Agreement reached on granting religious degree the Naye Baat, November 13, 2015 status of other degrees

Nov. 12, 2015 ATC convicted a terror financier, with 8 years in jail Dawn, November 13, 2015 and 200,000 fine

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Pakistan Security Report 2015

When? What? Source?

Nov. 15, 2015 A report narrated that the arrest of a Pakistani money The News, November 15, 2015 changer, by the U.S., shocked other money changers too

Nov. 21, 2015 A new feature argued that militant groups continue to Dawn, November 21, 2015, operate their charity fronts http://www.dawn.com/news/768 169/under-the-garb-of-charity

Nov. 24, 2015 A report by US Treasury Department claimed that Dawn, November 24, 2015, elements in Pakistan and Afghanistan are major http://www.dawn.com/news/122 sources of terrorist financing 1855

Nov. 30, 2015 Army chief approved death warrants of 4 terrorists Dawn, December 1, 2015 involved in the APS attack in Peshawar http://www.dawn.com/news/122 3469

Dec. 03, 2015 A report said that 3-G and 4-G telecom networks Jang, December 4, 2015 rendered useless jammers in central jails across central Lahore.

Dec. 16 Opposition criticizes government over poor Dawn, December 17, 2015, implementation of NAP http://epaper.dawn.com/DetailNe ws.php?StoryText=17_12_2015_003_ 008

Dec. 17 Interior Minister announced that his ministry isn’t Dawn, December 18, 2015, solely responsible for effective implementation of NAP http://epaper.dawn.com/DetailNe ws.php?StoryText=18_12_2015_001_ 007

Dec. 18 The government shared list of 61 banned outfits Dawn, December 19, 2015, http://epaper.dawn.com/DetailNe ws.php?StoryText=19_12_2015_003_ 009

Dec. 19 Army chief expressed satisfaction with the pace of Dawn, December 20, 2015, return of the Temporarily-Displaced Persons http://epaper.dawn.com/DetailNe ws.php?StoryText=20_12_2015_001_ 006

Dec. 22, 2015 According a news report, the military has decided to Dawn, December 23, 2015, “take on” the issue of counter-extremism. http://www.dawn.com/news/122 8256

Dec. 28 CTD busted an ISIS cell in Sialkot Dawn, December 29, 2015, http://epaper.dawn.com/DetailNe ws.php?StoryText=29_12_2015_001_ 001

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Pakistan Security Report 2015

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Dec. 28 Panjgur administration distributed cheques among 50 Dawn, December 29, 2015, Baloch militants laying down arms http://epaper.dawn.com/DetailNe ws.php?StoryText=29_12_2015_005_ 006

Dec. 29 4 military court-convicted terrorists were hanged Dawn, December 30, 2015, http://epaper.dawn.com/DetailNe ws.php?StoryText=30_12_2015_003_ 007

Dec. 30 Interior Minister told Senate that stay of Afghan Dawn, December 31, 2015, refugees in Pakistan has been extended http://epaper.dawn.com/DetailNe ws.php?StoryText=31_12_2015_001_ 001

Dec. 31 According to a news report, 20 people including The News, December 31, 2015, women, children from Lahore left for Syria to join http://www.thenews.com.pk/print Daesh. /85370

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Pakistan Security Report 2015