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Le Développement Des Langues De La République Du Congo : État Des Travaux
Le développement des langues de la République du Congo : État des travaux par Simon Leblanc (compilateur), avec la collaboration de Annette Harrison, Pauline Linton, Angi Ngumbu, Ruth Raharimanantsoa et ... SIL Groupe Afrique centrale – Congo 18 ave Foch, B. P. 1067 Brazzaville, République du Congo Octobre 2012 Première version (1.6) Le développement des langues de la République du Congo : État des travaux Table des matières Introduction...................................................................................................................................................... 5 Début et étapes de développement..............................................................................................................5 Regroupement............................................................................................................................................. 6 Tableaux...................................................................................................................................................... 6 Abréviations...................................................................................................................................................... 8 Langues congolaises........................................................................................................................................ 13 Langues nationales..................................................................................................................................... 13 Kituba............................................................................................................................................. -
PDF Description
THE BIBLE COLLECTION 1 . 2 . THE BIBLE COLLECTION Large collection of missionary publications in ca. 100 languages. West Africa, India, etc., 1681–1991. Significant collection of 333 bibles, expositions, scriptural lessons, biblical school primers, and other extremely rare products of missionary presses. Many items unre- corded in Darlow & Moule, and several important 19th century works unrecorded in the OCLC database of worldwide libraries. The collection’s main strengths lie in 19th and early 20th century publications produced for/in Africa and India (some 89 Indian and 58 African works) as well as hundreds of 20th century works in almost 80 further languages, ranging from Rarotongan to Miskito. Generally in original or pe- riod bindings and often with ownership markings of missionary societies, the collec- tion paints a fascinating picture of missionary efforts of the 19th and 20th centuries. Highlights include an extremely rare edition of the New Testament printed in Tranquebar, South India in the Tamil language in 1758 by a Danish missionary, Bar- tholomaeus Ziegenbalg (this very copy fetching nearly $4000 at Sotheby’s in 2000), and a wonderful colour-illustrated edition of Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress translated into the Niger-Congo (Dualla) language in 1885. More than simply offshoots of the colonial enterprise, missionary movements set up their own presses in colonies such as Cameroon and Calcutta and began printing ti- tles such as the present ones, usually in runs of 1000 copies or less. These publications often represent the first appearance of native languages in print form, shaping future efforts at graphic and textual representation of mainly spoken languages. -
Goals Roles and Language Skills.Pdf
Reprinted From Anthropological Linguistics Winter 1982 GOALS, ROLES, AND LANGUAGE SKILLS IN COLONIZING CENTRAL EQUATORIAL AFRICA* William J. Samarin University of Toronto Abstract. Accounts of explorations in the Congo and Ubangi River basins in the nineteenth century obscure the fact that Europeans had very little competence in either the contact lan- guages or indigenous languages and that they had to rely on their own Black personnel for most of the communication with the indigenous populations. Understanding colonization socio- linguistically gives a different perspective to this event and contributes to the description of the emergence of the pidgin- ized lingua francas. 0_. Introduction. There is an engraving from the nine- teenth century that is dramatic in its misrepresentation of the way Whites and Blacks made contact in equatorial Africa. It shows Count Savorgnan de Brazza standing in the midst of a num- ber of Africans (Paris, Musée de la Marine, No. B.2918). They are gazing at him with attention, as if following his every word, for he appears to be making a discourse. One arm is ex- tended, accompanying some strong statement. Brazza is appar- ently involved in a palaver, working out some negotiation or some treaty, perhaps. He is surely not merely recruiting por- ters.1 The content of that discourse or of many similar ones is now part of African history and of Brazza1 s contribution to it. What is still ignored in African history is the medium of that discourse. In what language was he speaking? How was he able to communicate with Africans at all? That visual picture is not merely a datum of African his- tory. -
Languages of Urban Africa (Advances in Sociolinguistics)
The Languages of Urban Africa Advances in Sociolinguistics Series Editor: Professor Sally Johnson, University of Leeds Since the emergence of sociolinguistics as a new field of enquiry in the late 1960s, research into the relationship between language and society has advanced almost beyond recognition. In particular, the past decade has witnessed the considerable influence of theories drawn from outside of sociolinguistics itself. Thus rather than see language as a mere reflection of society, recent work has been increasingly inspired by ideas drawn from social, cultural, and political theory that have emphasized the constitutive role played by language/discourse in all areas of social life. The Advances in Sociolinguistics series seeks to provide a snapshot of the current diversity of the field of sociolinguistics and the blurring of the boundaries between sociolinguistics and other domains of study concerned with the role of language in society. Discourses of Endangerment: Ideology and Interest in the Defence of Languages Edited by Alexandre Duchêne and Monica Heller Globalization and Language in Contact Edited by James Collins, Stef Slembrouck, and Mike Baynham Globalization of Language and Culture in Asia Edited by Viniti Vaish Linguistic Minorities and Modernity, 2nd Edition: A Sociolinguistic Ethnography Monica Heller Language, Culture and Identity: An Ethnolinguistic Perspective Philip Riley Language Ideologies and Media Discourse: Texts, Practices, Politics Edited by Sally Johnson and Tommaso M. Milani Language in the Media: Representations, -
Title AUX SOURCES DU LINGÁLA: Cas Du Mbenga De Mankaza
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Kyoto University Research Information Repository AUX SOURCES DU LINGÁLA: Cas du Mbenga de Mankaza Title - Nouvel Anvers Author(s) MOTINGEA, André Mangulu; BONZOI, Mwamakasa African Study Monographs. Supplementary Issue (2008), 38: Citation 1-93 Issue Date 2008-02 URL http://dx.doi.org/10.14989/66236 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University Supplementary Issue 38 2008 AUX SOURCES DU LINGÁLA: Cas du Mbenga de Mankanza – Nouvel Anvers Par André MOTINGEA Mangulu BONZOI Mwamakasa TABLE DES MATIERES I. GÉNÉRALITÉS ……………………………………………...…... 1 1.1. Objet et objectif de l’étude ……………………………………….. 1 1.2. Communautés linguistiques de la région de Mankanza ………….. 3 1.3. Petite ethnohistoire des Mbenga ………………………………….. 7 1.4. Mangála et Mbenga ailleurs dans la Cuvette ……………………... 9 1.4.1. Mangála ……………………………………………………...….... 9 1.4.2. Mbenga et Bwati ………………………………………………….. 11 II. ESQUISSE GRAMMATICALE DU MBENGA …………...……. 15 2.1. Phonétique et phonologie ……………………………….………... 15 2.1.1. Voyelles ………………………………………………….………... 16 2.1.2. Consonnes ………………………………………………………… 20 2.1.3. Tons ……………………………………………………….………. 22 2.1.4. Syllabes …………………………………………………………… 26 2.2. Morphologie du Mbenga ..…………………………………..….… 27 2.2.1. Dérivation ………………………………………………………… 27 2.2.1.1. Radicaux ………………………………………………….………. 27 2.2.1.2. Dérivation nominale ……………………………………….……... 28 2.2.1.3. Dérivation verbale ………………………………………………... 30 2.2.1.4. Dérivation adjectivale ………………………………………….…. 32 2.2.2. Flexion ……………………………………………………………. 32 2.2.2.1. Système de classes et d’accord …………………………………… 33 2.2.2.2. Nominaux …………………………………………………….…... 37 2.2.2.3. Pronominaux ………………………………………………..…….. 44 2.2.2.4. Verbaux …………………………………………………….……... 49 2.2.2.4.1. Morphèmes verbaux ……………………………………................ 49 2.2.2.4.2. -
Carte Linguistique Du Congo Belge
SECTION DES SCIENCES MORALES SECTIE VOOB MOBELE EN POLITIEKE ET POLITIQUES WETENSCHAPPEN Mémoires. — Collection in-8°. Verhandelingen. — Verzameling Tome XIX, fasc. 5 et dernier. in 8" — B. XIX, ail. 5 en laatste. CARTE LINGUISTIQUE DU CONGO BELGE PAU G. HULSTAERT, M. S. C. M e m b r e a s s o c ié d e l 'I n s t it u t r o y a l C o l o n ia l B elge ★ Avenue Marnix, 25 Marnixlaan, 25 BRUXELLES B B U SS E L 1950 PRIX Fr. 175. PRIJS INSTITUT ROYAL COLONIAL BELGE MÉMOIRES KONINKLIJK BELG18CH KOLONIAAL INSTITUÜT VERHANDELINGEN TABLE DES MÉMOIRES CONTENUS DANS LE TOME XIX. 1. Les formes d’asservissement dans les sociétés indigènes du Congo belge (184 pages, 1 carte hors-texte, 1949); par E. D e J onghe (avec la collaboration de J. V an H ov e). 2. Vers un paysannat indigène. Les lotissements agricoles au Congo belge (92 pages, 5 planches hors-texte, 1949); par G. M alengreau. 3. La grande pitié des juridictions indigènes (128 pages, 1949); par F. G r é v is s e . 4. La négation dans les langues congolaises (71 pages, 1950); par le R. P. G. H ulstaert. 5. La carte linguistique du Congo belge (67 pages, 1 carte hors- texte, 1950); par le R. P. G. H ulstaert. INSTITUT ROYAL COLONIAL BELGE Section des Sciences Morales et Politiques MÉMOIRES KONINKLIJK BELGISCH KOLONIAAL INSTITUUT Sectie voor Morele en Politieke Wetenschappen VERHANDELINGEN ln-8° - XIX - 1950 Avenue Marnix, 25 Marnixlaan, 25 BRUXELLES B R U SS E L CARTE LINGUISTIQUE DU CONGO BELGE PAR G. -
Colonization and Pidginization on the Ubangi River
1982 Journal of African Languages and Linguistics 4: 1-42 (1982) Colonization and Pidginization on the Ubangi River WILLIAM J. SAMARIN The genesis of Sango,1 pidginized in the 19th century, involved too many factors to allow it to fit neatly into any one of the numerous scenarios proposed for pidgins. One of these I disallowed soon after my first en- counter with this language (Samarin 1955). Sango, I said, could not possibly be accounted for in the way Bloomfield (1933) did when he wrote about how pidgins came into existence. There was no evidence of anything like a plantation system where a dominated population tried but failed to arrive at native-like command of the dominant language. That was a possible explanation for pidgins based on European languages, but Sango was African. That causal explanation did not disappear (witness, for example, Nida and Fehderau 1970 and Bouquiaux 1978: 21). And in the meantime, with the tremendous increase in speculation about pidginization, ex- planations have become more nuanced and linguistically more sophisti- cated. Nonetheless, because critical sociohistorical studies like those by Reinecke for Hawaiian Pidgin (1969) are still scarce, Sango fits no one's speculative history. The present study is a sketch of principal aspects of Sango's history, with emphasis being placed on presenting the earliest attestations. While my methodology consists of determining the linguistic sources for words * My research on the topic of this paper began around 1970 and has been pursued until the present on an occasional basis, with the exception of the academic year of 1979-1980, which was entirely devoted to this purpose. -
Title AUX SOURCES DU LINGÁLA: Cas Du Mbenga De Mankaza
AUX SOURCES DU LINGÁLA: Cas du Mbenga de Mankaza Title - Nouvel Anvers Author(s) MOTINGEA, André Mangulu; BONZOI, Mwamakasa African Study Monographs. Supplementary Issue (2008), 38: Citation 1-93 Issue Date 2008-02 URL https://doi.org/10.14989/66236 Right Type Journal Article Textversion publisher Kyoto University Supplementary Issue 38 2008 AUX SOURCES DU LINGÁLA: Cas du Mbenga de Mankanza – Nouvel Anvers Par André MOTINGEA Mangulu BONZOI Mwamakasa TABLE DES MATIERES I. GÉNÉRALITÉS ……………………………………………...…... 1 1.1. Objet et objectif de l’étude ……………………………………….. 1 1.2. Communautés linguistiques de la région de Mankanza ………….. 3 1.3. Petite ethnohistoire des Mbenga ………………………………….. 7 1.4. Mangála et Mbenga ailleurs dans la Cuvette ……………………... 9 1.4.1. Mangála ……………………………………………………...….... 9 1.4.2. Mbenga et Bwati ………………………………………………….. 11 II. ESQUISSE GRAMMATICALE DU MBENGA …………...……. 15 2.1. Phonétique et phonologie ……………………………….………... 15 2.1.1. Voyelles ………………………………………………….………... 16 2.1.2. Consonnes ………………………………………………………… 20 2.1.3. Tons ……………………………………………………….………. 22 2.1.4. Syllabes …………………………………………………………… 26 2.2. Morphologie du Mbenga ..…………………………………..….… 27 2.2.1. Dérivation ………………………………………………………… 27 2.2.1.1. Radicaux ………………………………………………….………. 27 2.2.1.2. Dérivation nominale ……………………………………….……... 28 2.2.1.3. Dérivation verbale ………………………………………………... 30 2.2.1.4. Dérivation adjectivale ………………………………………….…. 32 2.2.2. Flexion ……………………………………………………………. 32 2.2.2.1. Système de classes et d’accord …………………………………… 33 2.2.2.2. Nominaux …………………………………………………….…... 37 2.2.2.3. Pronominaux ………………………………………………..…….. 44 2.2.2.4. Verbaux …………………………………………………….……... 49 2.2.2.4.1. Morphèmes verbaux ……………………………………................ 49 2.2.2.4.2. Conjugaison …………………………………………....……..…... 54 2.2.2.5. Mots divers ………………………………………………….……. 73 III. CONCLUSIONS ………………...…………………………..…… 76 RÉFÉRENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUES …………………………….….…... 80 Appendice I. Vocabulaire Comparé ………………………………………….. 87 Appendice II. -
The Linguistic Features of Bangala Before Lingala: the Pidginization Of
M. Meeuwis, 2020. 'The linguistic features of Bangala before Lingala: The pidginization of Bobangi in the1880s and 1890s.' Afrikanistik-Aegyptologie Online, volume 2019, serial article number 5012, pp1-43. https://www.afrikanistik-aegyptologie-online.de/archiv/2019/5012/ The linguistic features of Bangala before Lingala: The pidginization of Bobangi in the 1880s and 1890s Michael Meeuwis Ghent University Summary Described are the lexical and grammatical features of the pidgin Bangala, spoken between roughly 1880 and 1900 in western, northern, and northeastern Congo. This pidgin formed the basis of what after 1900 became, in northern and western Democratic Republic of the Congo, Lingala, and what in northeastern DRC remained known as “Bangala”. Pre-1900 Bangala arose out of the pidginization of Bobangi in the context of the arrival of the first European conquerors and their East and West African troops. First is discussed the sociohistorical evidence given by contemporaneous sources for the emergence of Bangala out of Bobangi and its development then into Lingala. The problematic notions of “pidgin” and “pidginization” is also addressed. The bulk of the article then describes the linguistic features of the pidgin. This is done on the basis of contemporaneous sources, documenting the lan- guage as it was spoken in its own time, and on the basis of strict data selection criteria. The linguistic features of the pidgin included, in the lexicon, the loss of the functional load of tone, the scarcity of function words, word category indeterminacy through generalization and multifunctionality, foreign input, and more than average use of transparent periphrasis; and, in the grammar, reduction of nominal class inflection and of agreement patterns in the noun phrase, reduction in subject person inflection on the verb, reduction of tense-aspect-modality distinctions, loss or reduction of root ex- tensions, and a strong general tendency away from morphological syntheticity towards syntactic ana- lyticization. -
The Linguistic Features of Bangala Before Lingala: the Pidginization of Bobangi in the 1880S and 1890S
https://www.afrikanistik-aegyptologie-online.de/archiv/2019/5012/ The linguistic features of Bangala before Lingala: The pidginization of Bobangi in the 1880s and 1890s Michael Meeuwis Ghent University Summary Described are the lexical and grammatical features of the pidgin Bangala, spoken between roughly 1880 and 1900 in western, northern, and northeastern Congo. This pidgin formed the basis of what after 1900 became, in northern and western Democratic Republic of the Congo, Lingala, and what in northeastern DRC remained known as “Bangala”. Pre-1900 Bangala arose out of the pidginization of Bobangi in the context of the arrival of the first European conquerors and their East and West African troops. First is discussed the sociohistorical evidence given by contemporaneous sources for the emergence of Bangala out of Bobangi and its development then into Lingala. The problematic notions of “pidgin” and “pidginization” is also addressed. The bulk of the article then describes the linguistic features of the pidgin. This is done on the basis of contemporaneous sources, documenting the lan- guage as it was spoken in its own time, and on the basis of strict data selection criteria. The linguistic features of the pidgin included, in the lexicon, the loss of the functional load of tone, the scarcity of function words, word category indeterminacy through generalization and multifunctionality, foreign input, and more than average use of transparent periphrasis; and, in the grammar, reduction of nominal class inflection and of agreement patterns in the noun phrase, reduction in subject person inflection on the verb, reduction of tense-aspect-modality distinctions, loss or reduction of root ex- tensions, and a strong general tendency away from morphological syntheticity towards syntactic ana- lyticization.