4th SZIEentific Meeting for Young Researchers: Sarah Ben Salem 1, Huawei Li 2, 7 December 2020 URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE HISTORICAL CORES Mariann Simon 1, Sándor Jombach 2 SZIE University, , OF BUDAPEST AND VIENNA 1. Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning Faculty of Landscape Architecture and Urbanism 2. Department of Landscape Planning and Regional Development

Study context. The problem. Budapest Vienna Studied areas are facing increasing urban growth, Urban heat Making cities more liveable in cities with strong historical identities. Budapest Vienna

Budapest and Vienna have faced radical urban growth and transformations around their Medieval walls. Urban Green Infrastructure (UGI) District 5 and its surroundings District 1 and its surroundings Land use maps of the Historic Urban studied development in Budapest. Land Use Maps of the cities of Budapest (left map) and Vienna (right ) centerrs to show the Green coverage in these areas

1541-1699 Early 19 s 1867-1918 1876 1884 1978 1945 1990

Ottoman Hungary Development of Austro- Construction of city Completion of the The Historic centre of - End of WWR II which - Fall of socialist green spaces far Hungarian park: Városliget Andrassy Avenue Budapest as a caused enormous regime Empire epoch UNESCO World from city walls: which connects the Architectural and human - Radical changes in Orczy Garden, Heritage Centre losses with the urban policies in the Tisztviselo ̋telep , Historic centre - Hungary under city Kerepesi . communism regime

- UGI in Vienna was developed in a more radio concentric NDVI map

Map of Buda and Pest – source: fossa magna -1737 -Mikovinyi organization. Showing green In Pest, land sites started to develop - UGI development in coverage in progressively all along the former Budapest Historic Medieval walls 1617 1838 1903 Vienna was as a primary inner Ring concern in most of the Urban Green Infrastructure (UGI) 1856 1873 development in Vienna. megacity projects. In Budapest, consecutive initiatives are undertaken rather to enhance the Existing green areas within the city fabric.

13th C 1529 1st Turk. siege 1683 After 2nd Turk. siege 1856 1857-1865 1867-1918 1950s-1970s 1995 2001

Expansion of the urban Severely damages in Several new castles Demolishment of inner Demolition of city walls/ Austro- An aim for a clear and modern Vienna city council Vienna Historic Urban projects to Hungarian conception for the green areas area. medieval with related green city walls. The inner city Construction of approved the plan Centre as a enhance the historic Petrification of Vienna, Empire epoch of Vienna. city wall areas were built, of Vienna was unified Ringstrasse – a for the ‘Vienna Ring of Vienna: NDVI map introducing a street pattern including Schönbrunn magnificent boulevard Dedicated zoning system UNESCO Heritage => Vienna’s step into with the surrounding Green Belt‘ Glacis Master Plan; preserved in its main Castle, the summer with stately buildings and consisting of ‘Forest and Centre Showing green characteristics until today. Renaissance and the outer suburbs & more residence of Maria parks. Meadow Belt, Protected Zone’ Danube Control coverage in Radial streets from the center of modern age. peripheral districts. Scheme… Vienna Historic concentric Ringstrasse. Theresia. Stadt Park (1862) inner Ring