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Resettlement Action Plan RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN THE PROPOSED BAEKER AND MAI KADRA STAPLE CROPS PROCESSING ZONE TIGRAY REGION IPDC, ETHIOPIA TYPE OF DOCUMENT (VERSION) - PUBLIC OCTOBER, 2020 Resettlement Action Plan Tigray Region PREAMBLE This RAP report was an Initial document prepared together with the main ESIA report in July 2018 for the Baeker and Mai Kadra Staple Crops Processing Zone to fulfill the National EIA requirements and AfDB ESS. The present RAP report was submitted together with the ESIA report to the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) in early 2018 for review and approval, following which it was approved by the stated National competent authority and has been issued with environmental clearance certificate to precede in late 2018. The review and approval process carried by the competent authority involved public disclosure and information dissemination of the ESIA findings contained in the document before issuance of the environmental clearance. The present review and update process of the ESIA and RAP carried during October 2020 was initiated to integrate the proposed project activities to be supported by the GCF funds. Resettlement Action Plan Tigray Region CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 BACKGROUND 1 1.2 PURPOSE OF THIS REPORT 1 2 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 3 2.1 GENERAL INFORMATION 3 2.2 PROJECT LOCATION 3 The Baeker IAIP, West Tigray Region 3 The Mai Kadra RTC, West Tigray Region 4 2.3 PROJECT RATIONALE 4 2.4 PROJECT COMPONENTS 6 The Baeker IAIP, West Tigray Region 6 The Mai Kadra RTC, West Tigray Region 6 2.5 CONSTRUCTION STATUS 6 3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC STUDY 8 3.1 STUDY AREA COVERED BY THE WSP HOUSEHOLD SURVEY 8 3.2 INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT 8 The Formal Administration Structure 8 3.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE OF THE STUDY AREA 9 Demographic Characteristic 9 Settlement Patterns and Migration Patterns 10 3.4 ECONOMIC AND LIVELIHOOD PRACTICES 10 3.5 EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE 11 Education and Literacy 12 3.6 WSP HOUSEHOLD SURVEY 12 Introduction 12 Methodology and Implementation of the Household Survey 13 3.7 BAEKER AND MAI KADRA HOUSEHOLD SURVEY RESULTS AND THEIR ANALYSIS 13 Resettlement Action Plan Tigray Region Gender and Age 13 Education 14 Employment 14 Asset Ownership 15 Household Income and Expenditures 15 Sources of Freshwater 16 Health Situation 16 Project Expectations 16 vulnerability among interviewed paps 17 4 LEGAL FRAMEWORK 18 4.1 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY OF ETHIOPIA 18 4.2 LAND OWNERSHIP POLICY IN ETHIOPIA 18 4.3 LEGISLATION ON EXPROPRIATION OF LAND AND COMPENSATION PROCLAMATION NO. 455/2005 19 4.4 FDRE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS REGULATION NO. 135/2007 20 4.5 PROCLAMATION ON RURAL LAND ADMINISTRATION AND LAND USE 20 4.6 PROCLAMATION ON RESEARCH AND CONSERVATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE 20 4.7 NATIONAL HIV/AIDS POLICY 21 4.8 NATIONAL POLICY ON WOMEN 22 4.9 HEALTH POLICY 22 4.10 EDUCATION AND TRAINING POLICY 22 4.11 INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL CONVENTIONS, PROTOCOLS AND AGREEMENTS 22 4.12 INTERNATIONAL GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS 23 The African Development Bank Group’s Integrated System 23 4.13 GAP ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND ETHIOPIAN LAW 24 4.14 INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES FOR IMPLEMENTATION 24 Overview 24 4.15 INVOLVED PARTIES 25 5 PROJECT IMPACTS 27 5.1 IMPACTS OVERVIEW 27 5.2 IMPACTS RELATED TO PHYSICAL DISPLACEMENT 27 5.3 IMPACTS RELATED TO ECONOMIC DISPLACEMENT 27 5.4 OTHER IMPACTS 28 Resettlement Action Plan Tigray Region Social Conflicts 28 Occupational Health, Safety and Child Labour During Construction 29 Impacts on Vulnerable Groups 29 6 ELIGIBILITY TO COMPENSATION 31 6.1 OBJECTIVE 31 6.2 CRITERIA 31 eligibility for loss of property/assets 31 7 ESTIMATION OF LAND ACQUISITION COSTS 34 7.1 OBJECTIVE 34 7.2 SUMMARY OF LAND TAKE 34 7.3 COMPENSATION STRATEGY AND PROCESS 34 Compensation 35 7.4 ESTIMATES OF COSTS 36 8 LAND ACQUISITION PLANNING 37 8.1 KEY STEPS 37 8.2 SOCIAL REHABILITATION SUB PROGRAMME 38 Introduction and Function 38 Identified Potential Job Opportunities 38 Issues Raised and Problems Observed 38 9 COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION AND CONSULTATIONS 39 9.1 OBJECTIVES 39 9.2 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION 39 9.3 ENGAGEMENT ACTIVITIES 39 Summary of Stakeholder Consultation Meeting in Humera, Baeker IAIP/Tigray 42 Summary of Community Consultation Meeting in Baeker IAIP, Tigray 44 Summary Report of Key Informant Interview – Mai Kadra RTC/Tigray 46 Summary Report of Key Informant Interview – Baeker IAIP/Tigray 49 9.4 ISSUES AND CONCERNS 50 Job Creation 51 10 GRIEVANCE MECHANISM PROCEDURE AND SYSTEM FOR CONFLICT MANAGEMENT 52 Resettlement Action Plan Tigray Region 10.1 OBJECTIVES 52 Hierarchy of Grievance Redress 52 Grievance Redress Mechanism 52 11 MONITORING AND EVALUATION 55 11.1 OBJECTIVES 55 11.2 MONITORING 55 11.3 OUTPUT MONITORING 56 11.4 OUTCOME MONITORING 56 11.5 EVALUATION 56 11.6 INTERNAL EVALUATIONS 57 11.7 EXTERNAL EVALUATIONS 57 TABLES Table 1: IAIP operational requirements 6 Table 2: Land Use and Land Cover in the Tigray Region, Source – Ministry of Agriculture 11 Table 3: Details on Alternative Sources of Income 16 Table 4: RAP Implementation Responsibilities 26 Table 5: Entitlement Matrix 32 Table 6: Land Take Summary (based on the data obtained from local authorities) 34 Table 6: Compensation Summary Form (based on the data obtained from IPDC) 36 Table 7: Earlier Consultation Activities 39 Table 8: Records of Consultations carried out by local authorities 41 Table 9: Details on local infrastructure as provided by key informants, Mai Kadra RTC 417 Table 10: Details on local infrastructure as provided by key informants, Baeker IAIP 417 Table 11 - Grievance redress committee member 53 FIGURES Figure 1: Location of Baeker IAIP, Western Tigray Region, in relation to Baeker Town 3 Figure 2: Location of the Mai Kadra RTC, Western Tigray Region 4 Figure 3: Respondents’ gender and age 14 Figure 4: Reported educational level among respondents 14 Resettlement Action Plan Tigray Region Figure 5: Reported employment among respondents 15 Figure 6: Sources of freshwater Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 7: Stakeholder consultation meeting in Kafta Humera woreda administration office 44 Figure 8: Community participation meeting in Baeker town hall 46 Figure 9: Key informant interview (women and men) in Mai Kadra town, Tigray RTCP 48 Figure 10: Key informant interviews in Baeker town, Tigray IAIP 50 Figure 11: Monitoring & Evaluation Process 55 APPENDICES Appendix A - List of Project Affected People obtained as a result of Census Estimated Compensation Costs Appendix B - Questionnaire Resettlement Action Plan Tigray Region TERMINOLOGY Affected People (also Project Affected People or PAPs) Defined as those who stand to lose, as a result of the project, all or part of their physical and non- physical assets, such as homes and various structures, productive lands, as well as potentially common lands, grazing land, important cultural sites, commercial properties, tenancy, income-earning opportunities, and social and cultural networks and activities. Census Here means a census carried out by the IPDC to identify Project Affected Persons (PAPs) and assets for the purposes of the resettlement process. Compensation This refers to the payment in cash or in kind, to which the persons affected by the project are entitled to, as decreed by government regulations or laws in order to replace the lost asset, resource or income given in exchange for the acquisition of land including fixed assets thereon as well as other impacts resulting from program activities. Compensation and Resettlement Committee Compensation and Resettlement Committee is organised by woreda authorities and is typically responsible for: • Clarifying policies and operational guidelines of the Committee; • Coordinating and supervising the resettlement process by the Committee as stipulated in Federal and Regional guidelines; • Ensuring that appropriate compensation procedures are followed. Cut-off date and Census Typically, this is the date when the census of PAPs within the project area boundaries is completed. This is the date on and beyond which any person whose land is occupied for program use, will not be eligible for compensation. For the Tigray IAIP Project, 31 January 2017 is the date when all local census and assets inventory activities by the woreda and kebele authorities were completed in the project area. The completion of the census (31 January 2017) marks the Cut-Off Date. In cases where residential and other buildings or any other improvements on land have been added after the cut-off date, such developments will not be compensated. Entitlement These are a range of measures that are due to affected people and aimed at restoring and improving their economic and social base. Depending on the nature of their losses, such measures typically include compensation and livelihood restoration assistance. Expropriation This is an action of a government in taking or modifying property rights of an individual in the exercise of its sovereignty, for public use otherwise known as the ‘greater good’. Household One person or a group of persons who share a residential structure (a house or a room) and typically share at least one meal a day as a group. A household does not necessarily equal to a typical family and may consist of one typical family, one person living alone, two or more families living together, or any other group of related or unrelated persons who share a residential structure and typically also cooking arrangements. The household is the basic eligibility unit and entitlements are allocated to households rather than individuals, including a married or co-habiting couple in the case of households based on a married couple, except for entitlements in respect of crops, which are allocated to individuals tending the crops and not households. Resettlement Action Plan Tigray Region Household Survey Here means a field survey carried out by the WSP team to interview Project Affected Persons (PAPs) to establish their socio-economic profile, so that IPDC can use it as a baseline and carry out regular monitoring of the PAPs circumstances to see if the mitigation measures restored or improved the PAPs’ livelihoods.
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