Dynamic Ground Water Resources of India As on 31-03-2011
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DYNAMIC GROUND WATER RESOURCES OF INDIA (As on 31st March 2011) Central Ground Water Board Ministry of Water Resources, River Development& Ganga Rejuvenation Government of India Faridabad July 2014 Dynamic Ground Water Resources of India (As on 31st March 2011) Central Ground Water Board Ministry of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation Government of India Faridabad July 2014 DYNAMIC GROUND WATER RESOURCES OF INDIA (As on 31st March 2011) 1. Annual Replenishable Ground Water 433 bcm Resources 2. Net Annual Ground Water Availability 398 bcm 3. Annual Ground Water Draft for Irrigation, 245 bcm Domestic & Industrial uses 4. Stage of Ground Water Development 62% 5. Categorization of Blocks / Mandals/Firkka Talukas Total Assessed units 6607 Safe 4530 Semi-Critical 697 Critical 217 Over-Exploited 1071 Saline 92 DYNAMIC GROUND WATER RESOURCES OF INDIA (As on 31st March 2011) CONTENTS Sl No. Particulars Page No Executive Summary i-iii 1 Introduction 1-6 1.1 Previous assessments 2 1.2 Ground water management initiatives 4 1.3 Re-assessment of Ground Water Resources (2010-11) 5 2 Ground Water Resources Estimation Methodology 7-14 2.1 Assessment of Ground Water Draft 8 2.2 Assessment of Ground Water Recharge from Other Sources 8 2.3 Assessment of Ground Water Recharge from Rainfall 9 2.4 Ground Water Recharge during monsoon season 11 2.5 Ground Water Recharge during non-monsoon season 11 2.6 Annual Replenishable Ground Water Resources 12 2.7 Net Annual Ground Water Availability 12 2.8 Future utilization of Ground Water Resources 12 2.9 Stage of Ground Water Development 13 2.10 Categorization of Assessment Units 13 3 Rainfall of India 15-27 3.1 Rainfall pattern 15 3.2 Trends in rainfall 17 3.3 Drought analysis 25 4 Hydrogeological Setup of the Country 28-38 4.1 Aquifer systems of India 28 4.2 Ground Water Level Scenario in the country 33 5 Ground Water Resources of India 39-83 5.1 Dynamic Fresh Ground Water Resources 39 5.2 Ground Water Utilization 44 5.3 Stage of Ground Water Development 46 5.4 Categorization of Assessment Units 46 5.5 State-wise Ground Water Resources Scenario 48 5.6 Comparison between 2009&2011 Assessment 82 6 Conclusion& Recommendation 84-86 7 PLATES 1 Annual Normal rainfall and Coefficient of variance 20 2 Normal monsoon rainfall 21 3 Annual Normal Rainy Days 22 4 Year-wise monsoon rainfall distribution (2008-2011) 23 5 Increase/Decrease in annual rainfall in 100 years 24 6 Probability of occurrence of drought and drought prone areas 27 during 1875-2004 7 Major Aquifer System 32 8 Depth to Water Level – Pre-monsoon & post monsoon 2010 35 9 Depth to Water Level – Post-monsoon & post monsoon 2010 35 10 Water level Fluctuation post monsoon 2008 Vs Decadal mean 38 (1998-2007) 11 Water level Fluctuation post monsoon 2009 Vs Decadal mean 38 (1999-2008) 12 Water Level Fluctuations Post monsoon 2010 Vs Decadal mean 38 13 Ground water Resources Availability and Utilization in India 40 14 Recharge from Rainfall vis-à-vis Other Sources 41 15 Annual Replenishable Ground Water Resources 43 16 Irrigation Draft vis-à-vis Domestic & Industrial Draft 45 17 Categorization of Blocks/ Mandals/ Talukas as on 31st March 2009 47 8 ANNEXURES 87-168 I State-wise Ground Water Resources Availability, Utilization and 88 Stage of Development, India II District-wise Ground Water Resources Availability, Utilization and 90-127 Stage of Development III Categorization of Blocks/ Mandals/ Taluks in India 129 IV State-wise categorization of Blocks/ Mandals/ Taluks 131-168 9. APPENDICES 170-278 A Government Resolution on Constitution of Central Level Expert 170-172 Group B MOWR guidelines for constitution of the State Level Committees 173-175 C Approvals of Ground Water Assessment Reports by the State 175-253 Level Committees D Minutes of the Second meeting of the Central Level Expert 254-258 Group for Over-all re-Assessment of Ground Water Resources of Country held on 25.09.2013 at CGWB, New Delhi office. E List of the members and special invitees in the meetings of the 259-260 Central Level Expert Group F Sample Estimation Report of an Assessment unit 261-272 G Reasons for significant change in parameters of assessment units 273-278 (from 2009 to 2011 assessment) 10 References 279-280 11 Data Elements 281 12 Abbreviations 282 Annexure II: District-wise Ground Water Resources Availability, Utilization and Stage of Development Sl. No. States / Union Territories Page No. States 1 Andhra Pradesh 90 2 Arunachal Pradesh 91 3 Assam 92 4 Bihar 93-94 5 Chhattisgarh 95 6 Delhi 96 7 Goa 97 8 Gujarat 98 9 Haryana 99 10 Himachal Pradesh 100 11 Jammu & Kashmir 101 12 Jharkhand 102 13 Karnataka 103 14 Kerala 104 15 Madhya Pradesh 105-106 16 Maharashtra 107 17 Manipur 108 18 Meghalaya 109 19 Mizoram 110 20 Nagaland 111 21 Orissa 112 22 Punjab 113 23 Rajasthan 114 24 Sikkim 115 25 Tamil Nadu 116 26 Tripura 117 27 Uttar Pradesh 118-119 28 Uttarakhand 120 29 West Bengal 121 Union Territories 1 Andaman & Nicobar 122 2 Chandigarh 123 3 Dadara & Nagar Haveli 124 4 Daman & Diu 125 5 Lakshdweep 126 6 Puducherry 127 Annexure IV: District-wise Categorization of Blocks/ Mandals/ Taluks in India Sl. No. States / Union Territories Page No. States 1 Andhra Pradesh 131-133 2 Bihar 134 3 Chhattisgarh 135 4 Delhi 136 5 Gujarat 137 6 Haryana 138-139 7 Himachal Pradesh 140 8 Jharkhand 141 9 Karnataka 142-143 10 Kerala 144 11 Madhya Pradesh 145-146 12 Maharashtra 147 13 Odisha 148 14 Punjab 149-150 15 Rajasthan 151-153 16 Tamil Nadu 154-160 17 Uttar Pradesh 161-163 18 Uttarakhand 164 West Bengal 165 Union Territories 1 Daman & Diu 166 2 Lakshdweep 167 3 Puducherry 168 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Ground Water Resources Assessment is carried out at periodical intervals jointly by State Ground Water Departments and Central Ground Water Board under the overall supervision of the State Level Committee on Ground Water Assessment. Previous such joint exercises were carried out in 1980, 1995 and 2004 and 2009. The assessment involves estimation of dynamic ground water resources or annual replenishable ground water resources (recharge), annual ground water draft (utilization) and the percentage of utilization with respect to recharge (stage of development). The assessment units (blocks/ watersheds/mandals/firkas) are categorized based on Stage of Ground Water Development (Utilization) and the long term water level trend. The methodology for assessment is broadly based on Ground Water Resources Assessment Methodology, 1997 with additional inputs from Ground Water Estimation Methodology in Hard Rock Terrain (2004) and R&D Advisory Committee on Ground Water Estimation (2010). Rainfall is the main source of annual replenishable ground water resource. Most part of India receives rainfall mainly during SW monsoon. Major part of country including Northern, Central and Eastern India receives annual normal rainfall between 75 and 150 cm. Highest rainfall of more than 250 cm is received in the North Eastern States and along West Coast in the Konkan region whereas western Rajasthan receives about 15 cm of rainfall in an year. The average rainfall for the three year period (2009 to 2011) is within the normal range for major parts of the country. Excess rainfalls during this period have been recorded mainly in West Rajasthan, Saurashtra and Kutch whereas NE region and meteorological subdivision of eastern Uttar Pradesh recorded deficient rainfall . i The aquifer properties of rock formations have significant influence in ground water recharge. Porous formations like alluvial formations in the Indo-Ganga- Brahmaputra basin having high specific yield values and are the most important repository of ground water resources. Ground water occurrences in the fissured formations, which occupy almost two-third part of the country including peninsular India, on the other hand are limited to weathered, jointed and fractured portions of the rocks. Ground water level is the basic indicator of the ground water regime of an area. The annual replenishable ground water resources have been assessed as 433 bcm. Keeping an allocation for natural discharge, the net annual ground water availability is 398 bcm. The annual ground water draft (as on 31st March, 2011) is 245 bcm. The Stage of ground water development works out to be about 62%. The development of ground water in different areas of the country has not been uniform. Out of 6607 assessment units (Blocks/ Mandals/ Talukas/Firkas) in the country, 1071 units in various States have been categorized as ‘Over-exploited’ i.e. the annual ground water extraction exceeds the net annual ground water availability and significant decline in long term ground water level trend has been observed either in pre- monsoon or post- monsoon or both. In addition 217 units are ‘Critical’ i.e. the stage of ground water development is above 90 % and within 100% of net annual ground water availability and significant decline is observed in the long term water level trend in both pre-monsoon and post-monsoon periods. There are 697 semi-critical units, where the stage of ground water development is between 70% and 100% and significant decline in long term water level trend has been recorded in either Pre-monsoon or Post-monsoon. 4530 assessment units are Safe where there is no decline in long term ground water level trend. Apart from this, there are 92 blocks/firkas completely underlain by saline ground water. There is no significant change in the overall Stage of Ground water development from 61% in 2009 to 62% in 2011. As was noticed in the previous estimation, the over-exploited areas are mostly concentrated on three parts ii of the country.