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Ikizu-Sizaki Orthography Orthography Statement

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Ikizu-Sizaki Orthography Orthography Statement IKIZUIKIZU----SIZAKISIZAKI ORTHOGRAPHY STATEMENT SIL International UgandaUganda----TanzaniaTanzania Branch IkizuIkizu----SizakiSizaki Orthography Statement Approved Orthography Edition Acknowledgements Many individuals contributed to this document by formatting the structure, contributing the language data, organizing the data, writing the document and by giving advice for editing the document. This document was authored by Holly Robinson, and it is an updated and expanded version of the Ikizu Orthography Sketch, which was authored by Michelle Smith and Hazel Gray. Additional contributors from SIL International include: Oliver Stegen, Helen Eaton, Leila Schroeder, Oliver Rundell, Tim Roth, Dusty Hill, and Mike Diercks. Contributors from the Ikizu language community include: Rukia Rahel Manyori and Ismael Waryoba (Ikizu Bible translators), as well as Kitaboka Philipo, Bahati M. Seleman, Joseph M. Edward, Magwa P. Marara, Mwassi Mong’ateko, Ibrahimu Ketera, Amosi Mkono, Dennis Paul, Nickson Obimbo, Muhuri Keng’are, Matutu Ngese. © SIL International UgandaUganda----TanzaniaTanzania Branch P.O Box 44456 00100 Nairobi, Kenya P.O. Box 60368 Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania P.O. Box 7444 Kampala, Uganda Approved Orthography Edition: April 2016 2 Contents 1.1.1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................................... ......... 555 1.1 Classification ................................................................................................... 5 1.2 Data ................................................................................................................. 5 1.3 Dialects ............................................................................................................ 5 1.4 Format and purpose of this orthography statement ........................................ 5 2.2.2. Phonology ............................................................................................................................................................................ ............ 666 2.1 Vowels ............................................................................................................. 6 2.1.1 Vowel Inventory ...................................................................................... 6 2.1.2 Phonemic Vowel Length ......................................................................... 9 2.1.3 Vowel Length in Conditioned Environments ....................................... 12 2.2 Consonants .................................................................................................... 13 2.2.1 Consonant Inventory .............................................................................. 13 2.2.2 Palatalized Consonants .......................................................................... 15 2.2.3 Labialized Consonants ........................................................................... 17 2.2.4 Prenasalized Consonants ....................................................................... 19 2.3 Tone ............................................................................................................... 19 3.3.3. Morphophonology .............................................................................................................................. 202020 3.1 Vowels ........................................................................................................... 20 3.1.1 Vowel Harmony Processes .................................................................... 20 3.1.2 Vowel Adjacency at Morpheme Boundaries ........................................ 33 3.1.3 Vowel Length in Classes 5, 9 and 10 prefixes ..................................... 39 3.2 Consonants .................................................................................................... 41 3.2.1 Elision of /ɾ/ ........................................................................................... 41 3.3 Intervocalic Semivowels ............................................................................... 42 4.4.4. Word Boundaries ................................................................................................................................ 444444 4.1 Copula ........................................................................................................... 44 4.2 Locatives ....................................................................................................... 45 4.2.1 Nominal.................................................................................................. 45 4.2.2 Verbal ..................................................................................................... 47 4.3 Associatives ................................................................................................... 47 4.4 Conjunction ................................................................................................... 49 4.5 Reduplication ................................................................................................ 51 4.5.1 Verbal ..................................................................................................... 51 4.5.2 Nominal.................................................................................................. 51 4.5.3 Demonstratives ...................................................................................... 52 3 4.6 Compound words .......................................................................................... 53 4.7 Interrogative and adverbial enclitics ............................................................. 53 5.5.5. Punctuation ......................................................................................................................................................................... ......... 555555 5.1 Capitalization ................................................................................................ 55 5.2 Quotation marks ............................................................................................ 56 6.6.6. Loan words ......................................................................................................................................................................... ......... 575757 7.7.7. List of difficult words .................................................................................................................. 575757 Appendix A: Ikizu Noun Class Chart .............................................................................. 585858 Appendix B: History of Ikizu Orthography Developmenttt ......... 616161 References ................................................................................................................................................................................ ................ 636363 4 1.1.1. Introduction 1.11.11.1 Classification Ikizu is a Bantu language spoken in the Mara Region of Tanzania by approximately 55,000 people (Lewis, Simons and Fennig 2016). It is classified in the Kuria E.40 branch of Bantu, and is part of the Lacustrine languages, a name given because of the proximity to Lake Victoria. In the New Updated Guthrie List, it is classified as E402 (J) within the E40 Ragoli-Kuria Group (Maho 2003:645). In Swahili, the language name is Kiikizu, and in Ikizu, it is Ikiikiizʉ. The ISO 639-3 code is [ikz]. Also listed under this same ISO 639-3 code is Sizaki, a very closely related language variety which is listed as a dialect of Ikizu. See Section 1.3 concerning dialects of Ikizu. 1.21.21.2 Data The data in this orthography statement comes from a variety of sources, including the Ikizu people who attended SIL orthography development and orthography testing workshops in the Mara region between the years of 2007 and 2009, as well as ongoing research by SIL linguists and Ikizu translators. Trial Orthography status was granted to Ikizu in 2009 (see the Ikizu Orthography Sketch). Additional orthography testing was carried out among Ikizu and Sizaki speakers in 2014, and changes and additions based on that research are also included in this document. The authors of this document are grateful to all Ikizu and Sizaki speakers who have dedicated their time to accomplish this work. 1.31.31.3 Dialects Ikizu and Sizaki are closely-related ethnolinguistic groups. Though they are considered to be different ethnic groups, their language is nearly identical, with 95% lexical similarity (Hill et al, 2007:43). Where there are any differences, the data provided in this paper is Ikizu, not Sizaki. Nonetheless, this orthography is intended for use by both the Ikizu and Sizaki language communities. Sizaki readers have had no trouble reading books in the Ikizu orthography. Aside from Sizaki, Zanaki is the next most similar language to Ikizu. Though Zanaki and Ikizu have 87% lexical similarity, they are considered to be separate languages (Hill et al., 2007:28-31, 43). Note that all three language varieties change Proto-Bantu *dʒ to /z/. 1.41.41.4 Format and purpose of this orthography statement This orthography statement is designed to show the proposed approved orthography of Ikizu-Sizaki and the reasons behind the orthographic decisions which were made. 5 Some changes of previous decisions have been made in light of what has been learned during various orthography testing events and based on ongoing use of the orthography by SIL translators. See Appendix B for a more detailed description of orthography testing events and changes which have taken
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