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The EU to the Rescue of the Cuban Economy
The EU to the Rescue of the Cuban Economy? the Political Dialogue and Cooperation Agreement (PDCA) and the State of Cuba-EU Economic Relations Larry Catá Backer (Pennsylvania State University) Rafael Velázquez Pérez (Universidade de Vigo y de Holguin) 1. Introduction. Despite an American embargo with various degrees of bite since the 1960s, European states have continued to do business with Cuba, and often served as that marginal additional source of trade especially when Cuba experienced substantial financial and political challenges. In 2017, even as the United States retreated from direct economic connections with Cuba, the European Union sought to step into the space left by the American action. That strategic initiative, the Political Dialogue and Cooperation Agreement (PDCA) tooK final form accelerated in the wake of the prior U.S. Administration's policy of opening up. Negotiations for the Political Dialogue and Cooperation Agreement (PDCA) were launched in April 2014 and concluded on 11 March 2016. After the approval by the Council of the European Union, it was officially signed on 12 December 2016. In parallel, the agreement was submitted to the EU Member States' national parliaments and the Cuban National Assembly for ratification. The European Parliament gave its consent on 5 July 2017. Most parts of the agreement start to be provisionally applied as of 1 November 2017. (here) The Europeans view this as the marker of a new and more intensely profitable relationship with the Cuban state--though one not without its costs to Cuba. PDCA is the successor policy to the EU's Common Position which was repealed 12 December 2016 (repeal of the Common Position). -
Biodiversity Marine
MARiNe BIOdiveRsity BioNews 2019 - Content 2 3 4 5 6 ... Unexpected high number of endemics for the windward Dutch Caribbean Islands This article was published in BioNews 21 In light of the mounting impact of humans on discover just how rich the biodiversity of the Dutch Netherlands (Bos et al., 2018). The authors re- our planet, there is an urgent need to assess the Caribbean is. Each island has its own unique natu- viewed all literature available, including the 1997 Table 1: Breakdown of the 223 endemic species and subspecies status of all current living species so as to ensure ral history, its own special ecosystems and habi- biological inventories of Saba, St. Eustatius and according to larger taxonomic groupings (Bos et al., 2018) their long-term survival through adequate tats teeming with rare and exotic life. The remark- St. Maarten (Rojer, 1997abc) and the 2015 Beetles (Coleoptera) 33 conservation measures. Endemic species - de- able variety of terrestrial and marine habitats, Naturalis marine and terrestrial expedition to Gastropods 28 fined as “native and restricted to a certain place” including coral reefs, seagrass beds, mangroves, St. Eustatius which uncovered at least 80 new spe- (Merriam-Webster, 2018) - have an especially saliñas, rainforests, cactus and woodlands means cies for the island (Hoeksema & Schrieken, 2015). Spiders, scorpions and pseudoscorpions (Arachnida) 23 important ecological value due to their limited that the diversity of species is extraordinary. Birds 23 geographical range. Their increased vulnerabil- Recent biodiversity expeditions to the windward The checklist of endemic species put together by Grasshoppers, locusts and crickets (Orthoptera) 22 ity to natural and anthropogenic threats such as islands of the Dutch Caribbean (Saba, St. -
Annual Report of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights 2019
OEA/Ser.L/V/II. Doc. 5 24 February 2020 Original: Spanish Annual Report of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights 2019 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SPECIAL RAPPORTEURSHIP ON ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, CULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RIGHTS (SRESCER) Working for the indivisibility, interdependence and effective protection of all human rights for all people in America "Until dignity becomes the norm" Soledad García Muñoz Special Rapporteur on Economic, Social, Cultural and Environmental Rights Contents CHAPTER I: GENERAL INFORMATION ..................................................................................................................... 5 A. Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................... 5 B. Main activities of the Special Rapporteur on ESCER ........................................................................ 7 1) Petitions and Cases System ......................................................................................................................... 8 2) Participation in IACHR sessions and public hearings ...................................................................... 8 3) Monitoring Activities ................................................................................................................................... 11 4) Mandate of Promotion and Technical Assistance Activities ........................................................ 12 5) San Salvador Protocol Working Group of the OAS ......................................................................... -
ISSUE 28 - 2019 Bionews BIONEWS ISSUE 28 Editor’S Letter Dutch Caribbean, November 2019 2 Editor’S Letter
ISSUE 28 - 2019 BIONEwS BIONEWS ISSUE 28 Editor’s Letter Dutch Caribbean, November 2019 2 Editor’s Letter 3 Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease Since 2014, a new coral disease has been spreading Hurricane Maria devasted several Caribbean Management Update through the reefs of the north Caribbean. Known islands in 2017. A major relief campaign was as the Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease (SCTLD), launched to help the affected population of the 4 Presentations, Workshops and this disease appears to be fast spreading and Commonwealth of Dominica. It has now been Excursions Provide New Nature extremely lethal. In August, experts met to discuss established that in addition to emergency aid, Conservation Drive in Participants lessons learned from Florida’s management of this exotic invasive vertebrate species were introduced disease and discuss best practices for identifying to Dominica. These famous exotics now threaten 6 Emergency assistance contributes and treating infected corals for the future which the survival of endemic species and urgent action to the spread of invasive exotics has been summarized in DCNA’s Stony Coral is needed to protect them. Tissue Loss Disease Management Letter for the 7 A Critically Endangered Palm Dutch Caribbean. A recent report describes, for the first time in its Found Only on Bonaire history, the critically endangered Bonaire Palm. During the 2019 edition of the DCNA convention Although first documented in 1979, it took till 2019 9 Research Overview held on Bonaire end of October, biologists before scientists identified this palm as native from the region met to thoroughly discuss coral solely to Bonaire. -
Family, Sexuality, and Sexual and Reproductive Health in Cuba
Report Family, sexuality, and sexual and reproductive health in Cuba The role of social norms Fiona Samuels and Ailynn Torres Santana with Rocío Fernández, Valia Solís, Georgia Plank and Maria Stavropoulou February 2020 Program undertaken with the financial support of the Government of Canada provided through Global Affairs Canada. Readers are encouraged to reproduce material for their own publications, as long as they are not being sold commercially. ODI requests due acknowledgement and a copy of the publication. For online use, we ask readers to link to the original resource on the ODI website. The views presented in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of ODI or our partners. This work is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Cover photo: Girls at a street festival in Havana, Cuba, April 2015. Credit: Eric Parker/Flickr. Acknowledgements We are grateful to many people for the involvement and support they provided throughout this project. In Cuba, we would like to acknowledge the support provided by Centro Cristiano de Reflexión y Diálogo (CCRD), our in-country partners who hosted and facilitated the study and allowed us to use their contacts and members to access study respondents. In particular, we would like to thank the Director, Rita García, for her overall support, and Valia Solís and Rocio Fernández, who led on study participant recruitment and data collection along with other members of the team. We would also like to thank our interpreter Miguel González for his support, especially during the training and debriefing sessions. -
Annual Report State of Religious Freedom in Cuba During 2019
ANNUAL REPORT STATE OF RELIGIOUS FREEDOM IN CUBA DURING 2019 PREPARED BY: PATMOS INSTITUTE: Twitter: @ForoPatmos / Phone: +1 (239) 248-6596 / E-mail: [email protected] / Web: institutopatmosonline.org/ / Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ForoPatmos/ P.O.Box: 65378, Washington DC, 20035-5378 TABLE OF CONTENTS PRESENTATION 4 BACKGROUND 5 INTRODUCTION 7 I. IRREGULARITIES RELATED TO THE CONSTITUTIONAL REFERENDUM ON FEBRUARY 24, 2019 8 II. VIOLATIONS OF RELIGIOUS LIBERTIES OF BELIEVERS IN THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH 9 III. VIOLATIONS OF THE RELIGIOUS FREEDOMS OF PROTESTANT AND EVANGELICAL CHURCHES LEGALLY REGISTERED IN THE REGISTRY OF ASSOCIATIONS OF THE MINISTRY OF JUSTICE 11 III.1 AGAINST GROUPINGS AFFILIATED WITH THE CUBAN COUNCIL OF CHURCHES 11 III.2 TO GROUPS WITH LEGAL RECOGNITION THAT ARE NOT MEMBERS OF THE CUBAN COUNCIL OF CHURCHES (CCC): 13 IV. VIOLATIONS OF RELIGIOUS FREEDOMS OF RELIGIOUS MINORITIES PREVENTED FROM LEGAL REGISTRATION IN THE REGISTRY OF ASSOCIATIONS OF THE MINISTRY OF JUSTICE 14 V. VIOLATIONS OF RELIGIOUS LIBERTIES OF INDEPENDENT CHRISTIAN COMMUNICATORS 25 VI. RELIGIOUS CUBANS PREVENTED FROM LEAVING CUBA IN 2019 RESULTING IN VIOLATIONS OF RELIGIOUS FREEDOM 28 2 ACRONYMS ACBCOcc - Asociación Convención Bautista de Cuba Occidental ACDI - Asociación Cubana para la Divulgación del Islam ADF - Alliance Defending Freedom AIEC - Alianza de Iglesias Evangélicas Cubanas ANAJURE - Asociación de Juristas Evangélicos de Brasil CCC - Council of Churches of Cuba CIDH - Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos CJS -
National Jericho Newsletter Volume 12
The Dragons Fire THE NATIONAL JERICHO MOVEMENT NEWSLETTER in Fierce Determination Since 1996 Vol.(12), Jan/Feb 2019 http://www.thejerichomovement.com P.O. Box 2164 Chesterfield, Virginia 23832 “When the prison doors are opened, the real dragon will fly out” Ho Chi Minh Revolutionary Greetings, Welcome to our National Jericho Movement Newsletter. Thank you to all of our members and affiliations who contribute critical information regarding our Political Prisoner's/Prisoner's of War as well as updates on activities, events and actions. Moving forward, we stand in fierce determination and solidarity to free our remaining Political Prisoner's and Prisoner's of War still languishing behind the dungeon walls. Much work has been done by Jericho and other organizations, and there is still much more work to do. With 20 years behind us and much work ahead, Jericho is growing and is taking on new projects and missions. Our shared vision is that we will reach a time in this country (and others) wherein there will be no more Political Prisoner's/Prisoner's of War. We envision the day when they all will walk free and into their families arms-who have been waiting for decades. We hope you join us in making this a reality. “To move a blade of grass is to change the world…” Huey P. Newton 1 Jericho Movement's Current Work and Progress New York City Jericho New York City Jericho visited Jalil Muntaqim several times. We also were involved with raising some money for legal assistance for Joy Powell, #07G0632, who is fighting to get her wrongful conviction overturned. -
Afro-Zulians in the Trans-Atlantic World: a Case Study of Jean De Chourio and the Black Venezuelans of the Sur Del Lago Maracaibo (1722--1811)
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports 2010 Afro-Zulians in the Trans-Atlantic World: A Case Study of Jean de Chourio and the Black Venezuelans of the Sur del Lago Maracaibo (1722--1811) Raymond Andrew Keller II West Virginia University Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Keller, Raymond Andrew II, "Afro-Zulians in the Trans-Atlantic World: A Case Study of Jean de Chourio and the Black Venezuelans of the Sur del Lago Maracaibo (1722--1811)" (2010). Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. 4616. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/4616 This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by the The Research Repository @ WVU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you must obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in WVU Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports collection by an authorized administrator of The Research Repository @ WVU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Afro-Zulians in the Trans-Atlantic World: A Case Study of Jean de Chourio and the Black Venezuelans of the Sur del Lago Maracaibo (1722-1811) Raymond Andrew Keller, II Dissertation submitted to the Eberly College of Arts and Sciences at West Virginia University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History Robert M. -
The Dynamic Gravity Dataset: Technical Documentation
The Dynamic Gravity Dataset: Technical Documentation Update Note Version 2.00 Abstract This document provides an update to the technical documentation for the Dynamic Gravity dataset, describing changes from Version 1.00 to Version 2.00. For full descrip- tion of the contents and construction of the dataset, see full technical documentation for Version 1.00 on the dataset page at https://www.usitc.gov/data/gravity/dgd.htm. This documentation is the result of ongoing professional research of USITC Staff and is solely meant to represent the opinions and professional research of individual authors. It is not meant to represent in any way the views of the U.S. International Trade Commission or any of its individual Commissioners. It is circulated to promote the active exchange of ideas between USITC Staff and recognized experts outside the USITC, professional development of Office Staff and increase data transparency by encouraging outside professional critique of staff research. Please address all correspondence to [email protected]. 1 1 Introduction The Dynamic Gravity dataset contains a collection of variables describing aspects of countries and territories as well as the ways in which they relate to one-another. Each record in the dataset is defined by a pair of countries or territories and a year. The records themselves are composed of three basic types of variables: identifiers, unilateral character- istics, and bilateral characteristics. The updated dataset spans the years 1948{2019 and reflects the dynamic nature of the globe by following the ways in which countries have changed during that period. The resulting dataset covers 285 countries and territories, some of which exist in the dataset for only a subset of covered years.1 1.1 Contents of the Documentation The updated note begins with a description of main changes to the dataset from Version 1.00 to Version 2.00 in section 1.2 and a table of variables available in Version 1.00 and Version 2.00 of the dataset in section 1.3. -
Cacao Haciendas in Choroní , Venezuela: Understanding and Conserving
CACAO HACIENDAS IN CHORONÍ , VENEZUELA: UNDERSTANDING AND CONSERVING HISTORIC CULTURAL LANDSCAPES by ERNESTINA R. FUENMAYOR A THESIS Presented to the Interdisciplinary Studies Program: Historic Preservation and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science June 2010 ---------------_.. - _. 11 "Cacao Haciendas in Choronf, Venezuela: Understanding and Conserving Historic Cultural Landscapes," a thesis prepared by Ernestina R. Fuenmayor in partial fulfillment ofthe requirements for the Master of Science degree in the Interdisciplinary Studies Program: Historic Preservation. This thesis has been approved and accepted by: '?l 10 t.>o<...-O__ Date Committee in Charge: Robert Z. Melnick, Chair Susan Hardwick Elizabeth Carter Accepted by: Dean of the Graduate School iii © 2010 Ernestina R. Fuenmayor IV An Abstract ofthe Thesis of Ernestina R. Fuenmayor for the degree of Master ofScience in the Interdisciplinary Studies Program: Historic Preservation to be taken June 2010 Title: CACAO HACIENDAS IN CHORONI, VENEZUELA: UNDERSTANDING AND CONSERVING HISTORIC CULTURAL LANDSCAPES Approved: Robert Z. Melnick The Cacao Haciendas have been an important element ofthe Venezuelan cultural heritage since the seventeenth century, especially the haciendas in Choronf. These historic agricultural landscapes have been threatened since the decline of agriculture and the rise of the oil economy in the country, beginning in the 1930s. In Choronf, agriculture was replaced by tourism and fishing, creating a need for housing and hotels in the area that were constructed in the agricultural spaces and destroyed the landscape heritage that has lasted almost 400 years. To understand and analyze these sites, I studied three haciendas ofthe six remaining in Choronf, identifying the character-defining features that shaped these historic cultural landscapes and proposing a conservation plan for the remaining haciendas. -
Chuao Plantation)
Bohnkaf-Kolonial GmbH & Co. KG · Veit-Stoss-Ring 65 · D-24539 Neumünster GmbH & Co. KG Veit-Stoss-Ring 65 D-24539 Neumünster / Germany Phone: +49 (0) 4321 / 556 22 08 Phone: +49 (0) 4321 / 556 22 09 Fax: +49 (0) 4321 / 92 96 12 E-Mail: [email protected] www.bohnkaf-kolonial.de USt.-IdNr.: DE 814713175 (VAT) Steuer-Nr.: 24 289 36256 Hacienda Chuao (Chuao Plantation) Description The Chuao Plantation produces a variety of cocoa that is famous throughout the world, and is unusual because it has a well documented history going back to the 16th century and a weath of archaeological evidence and monuments from the colonial era. Another unusual feature is that it is populated by the descendants of slaves brought from Africa Shortly after the Europeans arrived in South America, who preserve a traditional way of life that has been lost in other parts of the American continent. The Chuao Plantation is located in the valley of the same name surrounded by one of the most important cloud forests of the Venezuelan coastal mountain range. It forms part of the first national park created by government decree (13 February 1937) which was originally called "Rancho Grande" but was renamed Henri Pittier National Park in 1957, in honor of the scientist who proposed and worked for its creation. Today the Chuao Plantation belongs to the "Chuao" Farm Workers Company, consisting of 40 partners who share a provisional collective title deed, and covers an area of approximately 200 hectares. The land is distributed in a rectangular north-to- south strip from the beach to the foothills, 200 to 400 meters above sea level where it penetrates the Henri Pittier National Park with the category of Special Use Zone in accordance with the Ordinance Plan and Regulations for Use of the park set out in Decree 350 of 24 November 1995. -
CATALOG VENEZUELAN COCOA Catalog Elizabeth Garden Group 2020
CATALOG VENEZUELAN COCOA Catalog Elizabeth Garden Group 2020 CONTENTS WHO ARE WE? 06 EXCLUSIVE COCOA WHAT ARE WE? 07 CHUAO 24-25 PRESENCE 08 VENEZUELAN COCOA - CARENERO SUPERIOR 26-27 ADVISORY 09 VENEZUELAN COCOA - MÉRIDA SUPERIOR 28-29 OUR MISSION 10 VENEZUELAN COCOA - OCUMARE MIX 30-31 WHAT IS OUR VISION? 11 VENEZUELAN COCOA - CUYAGUA 32-33 WE HAVE THESE VALUES 12 OUR POLITICAL 13 DERIVATES COCOA PRODUCT- COCOA NIBS 36-37 GENERAL COCOA PRODUCT- COCOA LIQUOR (PASTE) 38-39 VENEZUELAN COCOA - RÍO CARIBE 16 PRODUCT- COCOA BUTTER 40-41 VENEZUELAN COCOA - SUR DEL LAGO 17 PRODUCT -NATURAL COCOA POWDER 42-43 VENEZUELAN COCOA - CARENERO 18 PRODUCT- ALKALIZED COCOA POWDER 44-45 VENEZUELAN COCOA - AMAZONAS 19 ENTES OF SUPPORT 46-47 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS 20-21 WHO ARE WE? ELIZABETH GARDEN GROUP Is a company boutique with the best quality cocoa. As exporting producers, we manage each link in the chain to produce the quality of our beans and directly support the cocoa farming community. Is a team of companies created in Venezuela in 2017 with the purpose of generate technicals knowledge , concerning to Exports Developing Projects and Invest Analysis. Elizabeth Garden Group is a company created to connect clients with services and products of high quality. 6/48 WHAT ARE WE? - Companies Logistic Facilitators - Export Development Projects - Customs Advisors - Exports - Investment Generators - Logistic Facilitators of Companies - International Trade Company 7/48 PRESENCE Development Proyects in six countries: Spain, Dominican Republic, India, Venezuela, Indonesia and Malasya. Main Office: Caracas, Venezuela 8/48 ADVISORY • Certificate of Origen • Customs Storage • Shipment Documents • Accompaniment during Exports • Producers Survey • Production Financing • Port Conditions • Supervition of Load and Unload vessels • Exports Logistic • Product technical Reports • Laboratory Exams • Commercial Advisory 9/48 OUR MISSION Seeks transcend feeding the soul of our customers with aromas, flavors and history of the culture of our land.