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NSTAC REPORT to the PRESIDENT on Communications Resiliency May 6, 2021 Table of Contents

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NSTAC REPORT to the PRESIDENT on Communications Resiliency May 6, 2021 Table of Contents THE PRESIDENT’S NATIONAL SECURITY TELECOMMUNICATIONS ADVISORY COMMITTEE NSTAC REPORT TO THE PRESIDENT on Communications Resiliency May 6, 2021 Table of Contents Executive Summary .......................................................................................................ES-1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................1 Scoping and Charge.............................................................................................................2 Subcommittee Process ........................................................................................................3 Summary of Report Structure ...............................................................................................3 The Future State of ICT .......................................................................................................4 ICT Vision ...........................................................................................................................4 Wireline Segment ............................................................................................................5 Satellite Segment............................................................................................................6 Wireless 5G/6G ..............................................................................................................7 Public Safety Communications ..........................................................................................8 Key Evolutions in the Power Sector....................................................................................8 Next-Gen IP .....................................................................................................................9 ICT Architectures Transformation ....................................................................................10 ICT Security Transformation ............................................................................................14 Major Technologies and Resources Leveraged ...................................................................16 Software-Defined Networking..............................................................................................16 Quantum Computing, Communications, and Encryption ........................................................16 Artificial Intelligence (AI) .....................................................................................................18 Chipset and Foundry (Resource Issue) ................................................................................18 Potential Resiliency Stressors to the Future Network ..........................................................20 Wide-Scale Electromagnetic Pulse ......................................................................................20 Position, Navigation, and Timing Disruption ..........................................................................21 Long-Term Outage (30+ days) .............................................................................................22 Supply-Chain Based Cyber Attack .......................................................................................23 Non-Dependent Challenges ..............................................................................................24 Evolving Technological Threats ............................................................................................24 Technological Discoveries...................................................................................................25 The Form of the Future Internet: New IP and Its Alternatives..............................................26 Evolutions in Secure Internet Routing ..............................................................................26 Spectrum ......................................................................................................................27 NSTAC Report to the President • Communications Resiliency i Global Market Destabilization ...........................................................................................27 Internet Bifurcation ........................................................................................................27 Supply Chain-Based Global Economy ...............................................................................28 Standards .....................................................................................................................28 Summary of Findings and Analysis of the Future State of ICT ..............................................28 Network Densification and Ubiquitous Connectivity ...............................................................28 Incorporation of the Enterprise Into Shared Risk Planning .....................................................29 Reliance on Cloud-Based Services ......................................................................................30 Secure and Resilient Supply Chains ....................................................................................30 The Broad Impact of Quantum-Based Technologies ..............................................................31 Accelerating Artificial Intelligence Implementation .................................................................32 Standards and Interoperability ............................................................................................32 Resilient and Ubiquitous PNT Services ................................................................................32 Power Remains a Key Dependency ......................................................................................32 ICT Is an Integral Component of National Security ................................................................33 Summary of Actions the Administration Can Take to Support the Future ICT Vision ...............35 Public/Private Planning, Consultation, and Risk Assessments ...............................................35 Changes in Emergency Preparedness Practices/Procedures ..............................................35 Communicating the Resiliency of Underlying Cloud/Edge Environments ..............................35 Impact of Geopolitical Issues .........................................................................................36 Forward Assessment of ICT/Power Dependencies ............................................................36 Continued Reliance on Fuel: Stockpile Issue ....................................................................36 Next Generation IP Strategy ...........................................................................................36 Recommendations to Support Deployment of Future Networks ...........................................37 Trusted Semiconductor Supply Chain ...............................................................................37 Spectrum Policies ..........................................................................................................37 Fiber Deployment ..........................................................................................................37 National Timing Architecture ...........................................................................................37 Recommendations to Support Adoption of Key Technologies ...............................................38 The U.S. Government Can Foster Enterprise Adoption of Next-Gen Technologies .................38 Cybersecurity Considerations for U.S. Government Networks .............................................38 Standards .....................................................................................................................38 Post Quantum Cryptography ...........................................................................................39 Incorporating AI .............................................................................................................39 NSTAC Report to the President • Communications Resiliency ii Utilizing Testbeds to Enable Mastery of Quantum and AI Technologies .................................40 Testbeds: Quantum-Based Technologies .........................................................................40 Testbeds: AI ..................................................................................................................40 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................40 Appendix A. Subcommittee Membership ...........................................................................A-1 Appendix B. Acronyms .....................................................................................................B-1 Appendix C. Definitions ....................................................................................................C-1 Appendix D. Bibliography ................................................................................................ D-1 List of Figures Figure 1. Enablers of Technology Convergence .......................................................................5 Figure 2. Advanced Antenna Systems (AAS) – Beamforming and MIMO Examples .....................7 NSTAC Report to the President • Communications Resiliency iii Executive Summary Nearly a decade has passed since the President’s National Security Telecommunications Advisory Committee (NSTAC) last reviewed the Nation’s communications resiliency posture. In its 2011 NSTAC Report to the President on Communications Resiliency
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