Updating the Taxonomy of Aspergillus in South Africa

Home , Aspergillus chevalieri, Aspergillus iizukae, Aspergillus viridinutans

available online at www.studiesinmycology.org STUDIES IN MYCOLOGY 95: 253–292 (2020).

Updating the taxonomy of Aspergillus in South Africa

C.M. Visagie1,2*, and J. Houbraken3

1Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; 2Biosystematics Division, Agricultural Research Council – Plant Health and Protection, Private Bag X134, Queenswood, Pretoria, 0121, South Africa; 3Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, CT, 3584, Netherlands

*Correspondence: C.M. Visagie, [email protected]

Abstract: The taxonomy and nomenclature of the genus Aspergillus and its associated sexual (teleomorphic) genera have been greatly stabilised over the last decade. This was in large thanks to the accepted species list published in 2014 and associated metadata such as DNA reference sequences released at the time. It had a great impact on the community and it has never been easier to identify, publish and describe the missing Aspergillus diversity. To further stabilise its taxonomy, it is crucial to not only discover and publish new species but also to capture infraspecies variation in the form of DNA sequences. This data will help to better characterise and distinguish existing species and make future identiﬁcations more robust. South Africa has diverse fungal communities but remains largely unexplored in terms of Aspergillus with very few sequences available for local strains. In this paper, we re-identify Aspergillus previously accessioned in the PPRI and MRC culture collections using modern taxonomic approaches. In the process, we re-identify strains to 63 species, describe seven new species and release a large number of new DNA reference sequences.

Key words: Beta-tubulin, DNA barcoding, Calmodulin, GCPSR, Multigene phylogenies, RPB2, Secondary identiﬁcation markers. Taxonomic novelties: New species: Aspergillus elsenburgensis Visagie, S.M. Romero & Houbraken, Aspergillus heldtiae Visagie, Aspergillus krugeri Visagie, Aspergillus magaliesburgensis Visagie, Aspergillus purpureocrustaceus Visagie, Aspergillus seifertii Visagie & N. Yilmaz, Aspergillus sigurros Visagie.

Available online 13 March 2020; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2020.02.003.

INTRODUCTION Aspergillus species classified in sections Circumdati and Nigri (Frisvad et al. 2004, Frisvad et al. 2011, Davolos et al. 2012, Aspergillus is cosmopolitan fungi occurring on a wide range of Visagie et al. 2014b), while some sect Nigri species can also substrates. Here they fulfil many different functions and have a produce fumonisins (Frisvad et al. 2011, Frisvad & Larsen wide-ranging influence on human and animal life. Even though 2015a). On a more positive note, species have industrial appli- most species occur as saprophytes living on dead organic ma- cations as producers of enzymes, drugs, organic acids or are terial, various species have an (economic) impact on humans used in food fermentations. For example, A. oryzae (the (Raper & Fennell 1965). domesticated form of A. flavus) is used in a koji fermentation Human infections caused by Aspergillus are some of the most important for the production of a wide variety of oriental foods widely reported for all filamentous fungi (Gianni & Romano 2004, (Raper & Fennell 1965, Varga et al. 2000, Samson et al. 2010, Balajee et al. 2007). Aspergillus fumigatus, A. flavus and Hong et al. 2013, Kim et al. 2014). A. terreus attract special interest as human pathogens causing The taxonomy of Aspergillus and its nine associated sexual widespread aspergillosis (fungus ball) or bad allergies (Raper & (or teleomorphic) genera has been greatly stabilised over the last Fennell 1965, Steinbach et al. 2004, Sugui et al. 2012, de Hoog decade. Based on a multigene phylogenetic study, Kocsube et al. et al. 2014, Frisvad & Larsen 2015b), while a much broader (2016) confirmed that Aspergillus is monophyletic and sister to spectrum of species is known to cause less invasive and/or Penicillium as originally shown by Houbraken & Samson (2011). superficial infections (Kaur et al. 2000, Zotti & Corte 2002, Hubka Furthermore, they showed that the genus can be subdivided into et al. 2012, de Hoog et al. 2014). Aspergillus causes widespread six subgenera and several sections, which to a large degree losses for agriculture where they spoil food or grow in agricultural corresponds to associated sexual states. The nomenclatural produce, leading to mycotoxin contamination (Perrone et al. review and “accepted species list” published by Samson et al. 2007, Pitt & Hocking 2009, Samson et al. 2010, Frisvad & (2014) played a significant role in stabilizing the taxonomy of Larsen 2015a). Aspergillus isolates produce three of the five Aspergillus. It created an “open access” model in the sense that agriculturally important mycotoxins, including aflatoxins, ochra- all metadata associated with species names, such as ex-type toxins and fumonisins (Miller 1995, Frisvad & Larsen 2015a). culture collection accession numbers, sectional classifications, The global cost of aflatoxin alone is huge and represents a major MycoBank numbers and GenBank accession numbers to problem in developing countries where stunting in children is of reference sequences generated from ex-type cultures, were major concern (Wu et al. 2008, Pitt et al. 2012, Wu 2015). released in the public domain. Calmodulin was proposed as a Aflatoxin is most commonly produced by A. flavus and secondary identification marker to the formal, but rather A. parasiticus, but many other Aspergilli can produce this conserved, ITS DNA barcode (Schoch et al. 2012). All the devastating mycotoxin. Ochratoxins are commonly produced by released data resulted in more reliable species identifications, and new species discovery and its subsequent description are

Studies in Mycology Peer review under responsibility of Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute. © 2020 Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute. Production and hosting by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by- nc-nd/4.0/).

253 Table 1. Strains sequenced during the course of this project. V 254 ISAGIE 1

Species Strains Section Location collected / Host GenBank nr ,H

isolated, year ITS BenA CaM RPB2 OUBRAKEN

Aspergillus chevalieri PPRI13427 = CMV011F5 Aspergillus South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, Soil ––MK451336 – Pinetown, 2013 A. chevalieri PPRI26000 = CMV003I3 Aspergillus South Africa, 2017 Animal feed – MK450979 MK451332 – A. chevalieri PPRI26033 = CMV012H5 Aspergillus South Africa, Gauteng, Pretoria, Dog food ––MK451338 – 2018 A. chevalieri PPRI26034 = CMV012H6 Aspergillus South Africa, Gauteng, Pretoria, Dog food ––MK451339 – 2018 A. chevalieri PPRI26348 = CMV016E5 Aspergillus South Africa, Gauteng, Pretoria, Dog food ––MN031422 – 2019 A. chevalieri PPRI26554 = CMV016D7 Aspergillus South Africa, Gauteng, Pretoria, Dog food ––MK951911 – 2019 A. chevalieri PPRI3791 = CMV011B6 Aspergillus South Africa, 1986 ––MK451333 – A. chevalieri PPRI4908 = CMV011B7 Aspergillus South Africa, Kwazulu Natal, Maize kernels (Zea mays) ––MK451334 – 1993 A. chevalieri PPRI5410 = CMV012B1 Aspergillus South Africa, Western Cape, Rooibos tea (Aspalathus ––MK451337 – Clanwilliam, 1994 linearis) A. chevalieri PPRI6331 = CMV011B9 Aspergillus South Africa, Gauteng, Pretoria, Dried sausage ––MK451335 – 1996 A. montevidensis CMV012H4 Aspergillus South Africa, Gauteng, Pretoria, Dog food ––MK451446 – 2018 South Africa, Western Cape, Apple juice concentrate ––MK951923 – A. montevidensis MRC1250 = CMV017A6 Aspergillus Ceres, 1975 A. montevidensis PPRI26035 = CMV012H7 Aspergillus South Africa, Gauteng, Pretoria, Dog food ––MK451447 – 2018 A. montevidensis PPRI4851 = CMV011G2 Aspergillus South Africa, Gauteng, Air sample ––MK451445 – Johannesburg, 1993 A. montevidensis PPRI6330 = CMV011B8 Aspergillus South Africa, Gauteng, Pretoria, Dried sausage ––MK451443 – 1996 A. montevidensis PPRI8674 = CMV011C2 Aspergillus South Africa, Gauteng, Wheat (Triticum sp) ––MK451444 – Johannesburg, 2007 A. porosus PPRI3419a = CMV012A8 = CSIR980 Aspergillus South Africa, 1988 ––MK451494 – A. porosus PPRI3419b = CMV012A9 = CSIR980 Aspergillus South Africa, 1988 ––MK451495 – A. proliferans PPRI6735 = CMV011C1 Aspergillus South Africa, Mpumalanga, Piet Bee larvae (Apis mellifera) ––MK451496 – Retief, 1988 A. pseudoglaucus MRC1231 = CMV017A3 Aspergillus South Africa, Western Cape, Apple ––MK951920 – Elgin, 1975 A. pseudoglaucus MRC455 = CMV017E9 Aspergillus South Africa, unknown ––MN031425 – A. pseudoglaucus MRC462 = CMV017A1 Aspergillus South Africa, Pretoria, unknown ––MK951918 – Table 1. (Continued).

Species Strains 1 Section Location collected / Host GenBank nr isolated, year ITS BenA CaM RPB2 www.studiesinmycology.org A. pseudoglaucus PPRI26346 = CMV016D9 Aspergillus South Africa, Gauteng, Pretoria, Dog food ––MK951912 – 2019 A. zutongqii PPRI3429 = CMV011F7 Aspergillus South Africa, Gauteng, Pretoria, Lab contaminant ––MK451575 – 1988 A. species PPRI6060 = CMV004E8 Candidi South Africa, Free State, Dung MK450633 MK451000 MK451330 – Bloemfontein, 1995 A. tritici MRC3080 = CMV017B1 Candidi South Africa, Mpumalanga, Maize (Zea mays) ––MK951927 – 1982 A. tritici MRC418 = CMV016I7 Candidi South Africa, North West Sorghum malt ––MK951916 – Province, Brits, 1971 A. ochraceus PPRI26013 = CMV006D9 Circumdati South Africa, Western Cape, Wheat (Triticum sp) ––MK451474 – 2018 A. ochraceus PPRI6335 = CMV007B6 Circumdati South Africa, Mpumalanga, Cochecille insects ––MK451476 – Nelspruit, 1997 A. ochraceus PPRI6816 = CMV007B5 Circumdati South Africa, North West, Cowpea (Vigna ungiculata) ––MK451475 – Potchefstroom, 1999 A. pallidofulvus CMV012D2 Circumdati South Africa, Limpopo, Soil MK450639 – MK451477 – Groblersdal, 2018 A. sclerotiorum PPRI8357 = CMV007B4 Circumdati South Africa, 2006 Rat food ––MK451507 – A. westerdijkiae PPRI5061 = CMV007B2 Circumdati South Africa, Limpopo, Chrysomelid beetle ––MK451571 – Vaalwater, 1993 South Africa, Limpopo , Kruger Mopane twigs and leaves ––MK451572 – A. westerdijkiae PPRI8700 = CMV007B7 Circumdati National Park, 2005 (Colophospermum mopane) A. clavatus PPRI13831 = CMV008F4 Clavati South Africa, Gauteng, Barley seedling (Hordeum ––MK451347 – Bapsfontein, 2014 vulgare) A. clavatus PPRI13832 = CMV005I8 Clavati South Africa, Gauteng, Barley seedling (Hordeum ––MK451344 – Bapsfontein, 2014 vulgare) A. clavatus PPRI14650 = CMV005I9 Clavati South Africa, North Weat, Animal feed ––MK451345 – Potchefstroom, 2014

–– – A A. clavatus PPRI17069 = CMV001F9 Clavati South Africa, Gauteng, Near Animal feed, maize kernels MK451341 SPERGILLUS Delmas, 2014 A. clavatus PPRI21896 = CMV006A1 Clavati South Africa, Western Cape, Barley sprouted seed (Hordeum ––MK451346 – Malmesbury, 2016 vulgare) IN

A. clavatus PPRI26042 = CMV013A3 Clavati South Africa, 2018 Dragon fruit plant ––MK451349 – S OUTH A. clavatus PPRI26045 = CMV013B4 Clavati Swaziland, 2018 Pig feed ––MK451351 – A

A. clavatus PPRI26493 = CMV013A9 Clavati Swaziland, 2018 Pig feed ––MK951883 – FRICA 255 A. clavatus PPRI26495 = CMV013B2 Clavati Swaziland, 2018 Pig feed ––MK451350 – (continued on next page) Table 1. (Continued). V 256 ISAGIE Species Strains 1 Section Location collected / Host GenBank nr ,H isolated, year ITS BenA CaM RPB2 OUBRAKEN

A. clavatus PPRI4976 = CMV010D7 Clavati South Africa, Gauteng, Soil ––MK451348 – Magaliesburg, 1994 A. clavatus PPRI8552 = CMV005I6 Clavati South Africa, Mpumalanga, Sunflower seed (Helianthus ––MK451342 – Lydenburg, 2007 annuus) A. clavatus PPRI9818 = CMV005I7 Clavati South Africa, Free State, 2008 Sunflower soil ––MK451343 – A. giganteus MRC453 = CMV016I9 Clavati South Africa, Pretoria, unknown ––MN031424 – A. giganteus PPRI26019 = CMV008C9 Clavati South Africa, Limpopo, 2018 Chicken feed MK450637 MK451147 MK451418 – A. seifertii PPRI26025 = CMV011E3 Clavati South Africa, Free State, Golden Soil MK450648 MK451205 MK451510 MK450801 Gate, unknown A. seifertii PPRI3211 = CMV006F5 (ex-type) Clavati South Africa, Free State, Golden Grassroots MK450647 MK451093 MK451509 MK450800 Gate, 1988 A. dimorphicus CMV012C9 Cremei South Africa, Limpopo, Soil MK450634 MK451246 MK451357 – Groblersdal, 2018 A. dimorphicus PPRI26031 = CMV012G4 Cremei South Africa, Limpopo, Soil MK450646 MK451263 MK451508 MK450799 Groblersdal, 2018 A. wentii PPRI25999 = CMV003I2 Cremei South Africa, 2017 Animal feed ––MK451569 – A. wentii PPRI26048 = CMV013F6 Cremei South Africa, Mpumalanga, Wood in mine ––MK451570 – Barberton, 2018 A. wentii PPRI26349 = CMV016E7 Cremei South Africa, Mpumalanga, Wood in mine ––MK951914 – Barberton, 2018 ––MK451307 – A. alliaceus PPRI6826 = CMV007B1 Flavi South Africa, Eastern Cape, Moth larvae (Cryptophlebia Port Elizabeth, 1999 leucotreta) A. flavus CMV015C6 = 2019-M44 Flavi South Africa, 2019 Wood pallet ––MK951894 – A. flavus CMV015C7 = 2019-M44 Flavi South Africa, 2019 Wood pallet ––MK951895 – A. flavus CMV015C9 = 2019-M44 Flavi South Africa, 2019 Wood pallet ––MK951896 – A. flavus MRC1317 = CMV017A2 Flavi South Africa, Western Cape, Lemon (Citrus limon) ––MK951919 – Somerset West, 1977 A. flavus MRC1366 = CMV017A7 Flavi South Africa, Western Cape, Maize (Zea mays), pathotoxicity ––MK951924 – Ceres, 1978 to sheep A. flavus MRC1745 = CMV017A8 Flavi South Africa, North West Sorghum malt ––MK951925 – Province, Potchefstroom, 1979 A. flavus MRC2526 = CMV017A9 Flavi South Africa, unknown Biltong ––MK951926 – A. flavus MRC3732 = CMV017B3 Flavi South Africa, Western Cape, Apple ––MK951929 – Ceres, 1984 A. flavus MRC6979 = CMV017B5 Flavi South Africa, Mpumalanga, Soil ––MK951931 – Kruger National Park, unknown PPRI13141 = CMV002B4 Flavi South Africa, Kwazulu Natal, Maize (Zea mays) ––MK451376 – fl A. avus Pietermaritzburg, unknown Table 1. (Continued).

Species Strains 1 Section Location collected / Host GenBank nr isolated, year ITS BenA CaM RPB2

www.studiesinmycology.org A. flavus PPRI18143 = CMV001I2 Flavi South Africa, 2015 Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) ––MK451365 – A. flavus PPRI18144 = CMV001I8 Flavi South Africa, 2015 Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) ––MK451370 – A. flavus PPRI18161 = CMV002B3 Flavi South Africa, Free State, Wheat (Triticum sp) ––MK451375 – Bethlehem, 2015 A. flavus PPRI18711 = CMV001I4 Flavi South Africa, Northwest, Frass of moth (Busseola fusca) ––MK451367 – Sannieshof, 2015 feeding inside maize stems A. flavus PPRI18712 = CMV001I5 Flavi South Africa, Northwest, Frass of moth (Busseola fusca) ––MK451368 – Sannieshof, 2015 feeding inside maize stems A. flavus PPRI18713 = CMV001I9 Flavi South Africa, Northwest, Frass of moth (Busseola fusca) ––MK451371 – Coligny, 2015 feeding inside maize stems A. flavus PPRI18714 = CMV001I1 Flavi South Africa, Northwest, Frass of moth (Busseola fusca) ––MK451364 – Coligny, 2015 feeding inside maize stems A. flavus PPRI18715 = CMV001I6 Flavi South Africa, Northwest, Frass of moth (Busseola fusca) ––MK451369 – Coligny, 2015 feeding inside maize stems PPRI20581 = CMV002B1 Flavi South Africa, Western Cape, Insect ––MK451374 – fl A. avus Grabouw, 2015 A. flavus PPRI22482 = CMV001I3 Flavi South Africa, Limpopo, Atlanta, Soya beans (Glycine max) ––MK451366 – 2016 A. flavus PPRI23389 = CMV002A1 Flavi South Africa, Western Cape, Animal feed ––MK451372 – Stellenbosch, 2016 A. flavus PPRI25992 = CMV003A4 Flavi South Africa, Western Cape, Hominy chop animal feed ––MK451379 – Knysna, 2017 A. flavus PPRI26001 = CMV003I5 Flavi South Africa, 2017 Animal feed ––MK451380 – A. flavus PPRI26002 = CMV003I6 Flavi South Africa, 2017 Animal feed ––MK451381 – A. flavus PPRI26003 = CMV003I7 Flavi South Africa, 2017 Animal feed ––MK451382 – A. flavus PPRI26004 = CMV003I8 Flavi South Africa, 2017 Animal feed ––MK451383 – A. flavus PPRI26007 = CMV005E1 Flavi South Africa, Gauteng, Groundnut ––MK451384 – Sunninghill, 2017

ﬂ –– – A

A. avus PPRI26022 = CMV008E3 Flavi South Africa, Limpopo, 2018 Chicken feed MK451385 SPERGILLUS PPRI26032 = CMV012H1 Flavi South Africa, Gauteng, Pretoria, Dog food ––MK451387 – ﬂ A. avus 2018 A. ﬂavus PPRI26036 = CMV012H8 Flavi South Africa, Gauteng, Pretoria, Dog food ––MK451388 –

2018 IN S

A. ﬂavus PPRI26044 = CMV013B3 Flavi Swaziland, 2018 Pig feed ––MK451389 – OUTH A. ﬂavus PPRI26345 = CMV016D6 Flavi South Africa, Gauteng, Pretoria, Dog food ––MK951910 – A FRICA

257 2019 (continued on next page) Table 1. (Continued). V 258 ISAGIE Species Strains 1 Section Location collected / Host GenBank nr ,H isolated, year ITS BenA CaM RPB2 OUBRAKEN

A. flavus PPRI26347 = CMV016E4 Flavi South Africa, Gauteng, Pretoria, Dog food ––MK951913 – 2019 A. flavus PPRI26486 = CMV010D4 Flavi South Africa, Limpopo, Soil ––MK451386 – Groblersdal, 2015 A. flavus PPRI3274 = CMV002A5 Flavi South Africa, Gauteng, Pretoria, ––MK451373 – 1988 A. flavus PPRI7977 = CMV002B5 Flavi South Africa, 2005 ––MK451377 – A. flavus PPRI8551 = CMV002B7 Flavi South Africa, Mpumalanga, Maize (Zea mays) ––MK451378 – Lydenburg, 2007 A. krugeri PPRI8986 = CMV006G4 (ex-type) Flavi South Africa, Limpopo, Kruger Mopane debris MK450655 MK451098 MK451517 MK450808 National Park, 2005 (Colophospermum mopane) A. krugeri PPRI9280 = CMV002C8 Flavi South Africa, Limpopo, Kruger Mopane debris MK450654 MK450928 MK451516 MK450807 National Park, 2005 (Colophospermum mopane) A. magaliesburgensis PPRI6165 = CMV007A3 (ex-type) Flavi South Africa, Gauteng, Antlion (Myrmeleontidae) MK450649 MK451116 MK451511 MK450802 Magaliesburg, 1996 A. nomius PPRI3753 = CMV002B2 Flavi South Africa, Gauteng, Termites dead colony – MK450926 MK451473 – Rietondale, 1989 A. parasiticus PPRI14636 = CMV001H8 Flavi South Africa, Gauteng, Spawnrun on grass ––MK451478 – Bapsfontein, 2014 ––MK451479 – A. parasiticus PPRI14642 = CMV001H9 Flavi South Africa, Gauteng, Spawnrun on grass Bapsfontein, 2014 A. parasiticus PPRI23021 = CMV002C7 Flavi South Africa, Dinaka game Animal feed ––MK451483 – reserve, 2016 A. parasiticus PPRI26046 = CMV013B6 Flavi Zambia, Mpangwe, Mpangwe, Wheat (Triticum sp) ––MK451489 – 2018 A. parasiticus PPRI2885 = CMV007A7 Flavi South Africa, 1990 Seed (Watsonin marginata) ––MK451487 – A. parasiticus PPRI3754 = CMV007A5 Flavi South Africa, Gauteng, Pretoria, Termites ––MK451485 – 1989 A. parasiticus PPRI5183 = CMV007A6 Flavi South Africa, Western Cape, Rooibos tea (Aspalathus ––MK451486 – Clanwilliam, 1993 linearis) A. parasiticus PPRI7978 = CMV010B6 Flavi South Africa, 2005 ––MK451488 – A. parasiticus PPRI9511 = CMV002B8 Flavi South Africa, North West , 2008 Soil ––MK451480 – A. parasiticus PPRI9513 = CMV002G1 Flavi South Africa, North West , 2008 Soil ––MK451484 – A. parasiticus PPRI9532 = CMV002C1 Flavi South Africa, North West , 2008 Soil ––MK451481 – A. parasiticus PPRI9534 = CMV002C2 Flavi South Africa, North West , 2008 Soil ––MK451482 – A. pseudonomius PPRI5063 = CMV002B6 Flavi South Africa, Limpopo, Chrysomelid beetle ––MK451505 – Vaalwater, 1992 Table 1. (Continued).

Species Strains 1 Section Location collected / Host GenBank nr isolated, year ITS BenA CaM RPB2 –– – www.studiesinmycology.org A. tamarii PPRI26008 = CMV005E2 Flavi South Africa, Gauteng, Groundnut MK451528 Sunninghill, 2017 A. tamarii PPRI26010 = CMV005E4 Flavi South Africa, 2017 Soil ––MK451529 – A. tamarii PPRI26023 = CMV008E4 Flavi South Africa, Limpopo, 2018 Chicken feed ––MK451531 – A. tamarii PPRI2812 = CMV003E1 Flavi South Africa, 1991 Soya beans (Glycine max) ––MK451527 – A. tamarii PPRI7392 = CMV007B3 Flavi South Africa, 2004 ––MK451530 – A. transmontanensis PPRI14275 = CMV011A5 Flavi Zambia, 2013 Soil MK450657 MK451183 MK451519 MK450810 A. iizukae PPRI4965 = CMV007B8 Flavipedes South Africa, Gauteng, Pretoria, Chrysomelid beetle ––MK451428 – 1993 A. arcoverdensis PPRI7491 = CMV003C4 Fumigati South Africa, 2004 ––MK451311 – A. arcoverdensis PPRI7514 = CMV003C3 Fumigati South Africa, 2004 ––MK451310 – A. aureolus PPRI11297 = CMV008A9 Fumigati South Africa, Kwazulu Natal, Air sample ––MK451321 – Pinetown, 2011 A. aureolus PPRI3451 = CMV011F8 Fumigati South Africa, 1988 ––MK451322 – A. elsenburgensis DTO015G7 Fumigati Argentina, La Pampa Province, Soil MT110301 MT108410 MT108412 – Chacharramendi – – A. elsenburgensis DTO380H5 Fumigati Argentina, Catamarca Province Soil MT108411 MT108413 – A. elsenburgensis DTO381D3 Fumigati Argentina, Catamarca Province Soil ––MT108414 A. elsenburgensis DTO381D8 Fumigati Argentina Soil MT110302 – MT108415 – A. elsenburgensis PPRI2994 = CMV011G4 = CSIR1013 (ex-type) Fumigati South Africa, Western Cape, Soil MK450651 MK451215 MK451513 MK450804 Elsenburg, 1986 A. fischeri PPRI26026 = CMV011H6 Fumigati South Africa, Gauteng, Pretoria, Lab contaminant ––MK451359 – 2018 A. fischeri PPRI3418 = CMV012A7 = CSIR978 Fumigati South Africa, 1988 ––MK451363 – A. fischeri PPRI3428 = CMV011I5 = CSIR990 Fumigati South Africa, 1988 ––MK451361 – A. fischeri PPRI3488 = CMV012A6 = CSIR1039 Fumigati South Africa, 1988 ––MK451362 – A. fischeri PPRI4507 = CMV011I4 = CSIR1094 Fumigati South Africa, Eastern Cape, Soil ––MK451360 –

Butterworth, 1986 A SPERGILLUS A. fumigatiafﬁnis PPRI13089 = CMV001G1 Fumigati South Africa, Succulent karoo Soil MK450636 MK450913 MK451390 – area , unknown A. fumigatiafﬁnis PPRI13090 = CMV010I7 Fumigati South Africa, Succulent karoo Soil ––MK451392 – IN

area , unknown S OUTH A. fumigatiafﬁnis PPRI3210 = CMV004C3 Fumigati South Africa, Western Cape, Grass ––MK451391 –

Beaufort West, 1988 A FRICA 259 –– – A. fumigatus CMV015C1 = 2019-M44 Fumigati South Africa, 2019 Wood pallet MK951890(continued on next page) V 260 Table 1. (Continued). ISAGIE

1 Species Strains Section Location collected / Host GenBank nr ,H OUBRAKEN isolated, year ITS BenA CaM RPB2

A. fumigatus CMV015C2 = 2019-M44 Fumigati South Africa, 2019 Wood pallet ––MK951891 – A. fumigatus CMV015C3 = 2019-M44 Fumigati South Africa, 2019 Wood pallet ––MK951892 – A. fumigatus CMV015C5 = 2019-M44 Fumigati South Africa, 2019 Wood pallet ––MK951893 – A. fumigatus CMV015D8 = 2019-M44 Fumigati South Africa, 2019 Wood pallet ––MK951904 – A. fumigatus CMV015D9 = 2019-M44 Fumigati South Africa, 2019 Wood pallet ––MK951905 – A. fumigatus MRC435 = CMV016I8 Fumigati South Africa, Port Health, 1971 Rice ––MK951917 – A. fumigatus PPRI10161 = CMV002G6 Fumigati South Africa, Eastern Cape, Silage ––MK451396 – 2009 A. fumigatus PPRI10162 = CMV002G2 Fumigati South Africa, Eastern Cape, Silage ––MK451393 – 2009 A. fumigatus PPRI10498 = CMV003D5 Fumigati South Africa, Eastern Cape, Maize silage (Zea mays) ––MK451406 – Port Elizabeth, 2010 A. fumigatus PPRI10499 = CMV002G5 Fumigati South Africa, Eastern Cape, Maize silage (Zea mays) ––MK451395 – Port Elizabeth, 2010 A. fumigatus PPRI12665 = CMV002G3 Fumigati South Africa, Free State, Rye seed (Secale cereale) ––MK451394 – Luchhof, 2012 A. fumigatus PPRI13084 = CMV002G7 Fumigati South Africa, Gauteng, Pretoria, Pear ––MK451397 – 2013 Fumigati South Africa, 2013 ––MK451407 – A. fumigatus PPRI13252 = CMV003D6 A. fumigatus PPRI20934 = CMV008B7 Fumigati South Africa, 2016 – MK451141 MK451412 – A. fumigatus PPRI25993 = CMV003A5 Fumigati South Africa, Western Cape, Hominy chop animal feed ––MK451398 – Knysna, 2017 A. fumigatus PPRI25998 = CMV003H8 Fumigati South Africa, 2017 Animal feed ––MK451409 – A. fumigatus PPRI26006 = CMV005D8 Fumigati South Africa, Gauteng, Potting soil ––MK451411 – Bedfordview, 2018 A. fumigatus PPRI3283 = CMV003C6 Fumigati South Africa, North West, Pella, Soil ––MK451399 – 1993 A. fumigatus PPRI3478 = CMV004C2 Fumigati South Africa, Gauteng, Straw ––MK451410 – Bapsfontein, 1988 A. fumigatus PPRI3479 = CMV003C7 Fumigati South Africa, Gauteng, Compost ––MK451400 – Johannesburg, 1988 A. fumigatus PPRI3505 = CMV010B9 Fumigati South Africa, Gauteng, Pine – MK451153 MK451416 – Denneboom, 1987 A. fumigatus PPRI4975 = CMV003C8 Fumigati South Africa, Mpumalanga, Bagasse ––MK451401 – Malelane, 1993 A. fumigatus PPRI5090 = CMV003H1 Fumigati South Africa, Mpumalanga, Decayed mineola – MK450976 MK451408 – Malelane, 1993 Table 1. (Continued).

Species Strains 1 Section Location collected / Host GenBank nr isolated, year ITS BenA CaM RPB2

www.studiesinmycology.org A. fumigatus PPRI7394 = CMV003C9 Fumigati South Africa, 2004 ––MK451402 – A. fumigatus PPRI8522 = CMV003D1 Fumigati South Africa, Mpumalanga, Chickens (Gallus domesticus) ––MK451403 – Vlakfontein, 2006 A. fumigatus PPRI8523 = CMV003D2 Fumigati South Africa, Mpumalanga, Chickens (Gallus domesticus) ––MK451404 – Vlakfontein, 2006 A. fumigatus PPRI8525 = CMV008F9 Fumigati South Africa, Mpumalanga, Chickens (Gallus domesticus) ––MK451414 – Vlakfontein, 2006 A. fumigatus PPRI8527 = CMV008G1 Fumigati South Africa, Mpumalanga, Chickens (Gallus domesticus) ––MK451415 – Vlakfontein, 2006 A. fumigatus PPRI8558 = CMV003D3 Fumigati South Africa, 2007 Chickens (Gallus domesticus) ––MK451405 – A. fumigatus PPRI8560 = CMV008F8 Fumigati South Africa, 2007 Chickens (Gallus domesticus) ––MK451413 – A. hiratsukae PPRI3260 = CMV012G1 = CSIR1064 Fumigati South Africa, 1988 ––MK451422 – A. hiratsukae PPRI9172 = CMV008F5 Fumigati South Africa, Limpopo, Kruger Soil ––MK451421 – National Park, 2005 A. hiratsukae PPRI9185 = CMV004E7 Fumigati South Africa, Limpopo, Kruger Soil ––MK451420 – National Park, 2005 A. hiratsukae PPRI9190 = CMV004E4 Fumigati South Africa, Limpopo, Kruger Mopane twigs and leaves ––MK451419 – National Park, 2005 (Colophospermum mopane) South Africa, 1988 ––MK451440 – A. laciniosus PPRI3197 = CMV011I6 = CSIR1050 Fumigati A. laciniosus PPRI3247 = CMV011G5 Fumigati South Africa, North West, Pella, – MK451216 MK451439 – 1988 A. laciniosus PPRI3417 = CMV010F8 = CSIR638 Fumigati South Africa, 1988 – MK451163 MK451437 – A. laciniosus PPRI3847 = CMV011F6 Fumigati South Africa, Kwazulu Natal, Maize kernels (Zea mays) ––MK451438 – Greytown, 1985 A. lentulus PPRI6170 = CMV007I3 Fumigati South Africa, Northern Cape, Sand – MK451134 MK451442 – Lofﬁesdraai, 1996 A. lentulus PPRI7532 = CMV003C5 Fumigati South Africa, 2004 – MK450952 MK451441 – A. udagawae PPRI11324 = CMV010I9 Fumigati South Africa, Eastern Cape, Mealy bug on Citrus – MK451179 MK451543 –

Port Elizabeth, 2011 A SPERGILLUS A. udagawae PPRI26030 = CMV012F7 Fumigati South Africa, Limpopo, Soil – MK451259 MK451544 – Groblersdal, 2018 A. wyomingensis PPRI5178 = CMV007I4 Fumigati South Africa, Western Cape, Rooibos tea (Aspalathus ––MK451574 – IN Clanwilliam, 1993 linearis) S OUTH A. wyomingensis PPRI5573 = CMV007I2 Fumigati South Africa, Western Cape, Rooibos tea (Aspalathus ––MK451573 – Clanwilliam, 1994 linearis) A FRICA 261 A. amoenus PPRI26021 = CMV008E2 Nidulantes South Africa, Limpopo, 2018 Chicken feed ––MK451308 – –– – A. amoenus PPRI26047 = CMV013F4 Nidulantes Wood in mine MK451309(continued on next page) Table 1. (Continued). V 262 ISAGIE Species Strains 1 Section Location collected / Host GenBank nr ,H isolated, year ITS BenA CaM RPB2 OUBRAKEN South Africa, Mpumalanga, Barberton, 2018 A. creber PPRI13168 = CMV002A9 Nidulantes South Africa, North West, Chicken house bedding ––MK451352 – Mafikeng, 2013 A. creber PPRI3737 = CMV002G9 Nidulantes South Africa, Gauteng, Pretoria, Orange (Citrus sinensis) ––MK451353 – 1989 A. creber PPRI3869 = CMV011F9 Nidulantes South Africa, Free State, Honey flower seed (Melianthus ––MK451356 – Bloemfontein, 1990 comosus) A. creber PPRI5081 = CMV002H1 Nidulantes South Africa, Mpumalanga, Lemon (Citrus limon) ––MK451354 – Hazyview, 1993 A. creber PPRI9900 = CMV008C2 Nidulantes South Africa, Kwazulu Natal, ––MK451355 – Pinetown, 2008 A. jensenii PPRI13238 = CMV001F7 Nidulantes South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, Environmental sample ––MK451433 – Pinetown, 2013 A. jensenii PPRI2806 = CMV011G1 Nidulantes South Africa, 1991 ––MK451436 – A. jensenii PPRI5384 = CMV007A9 Nidulantes South Africa, 1993 Flower (Gladiolus corms) ––MK451435 – A. jensenii PPRI6329 = CMV003H2 Nidulantes South Africa, Kwazulu Natal, Contaminant bioproduct – MK450977 MK451434 – 1996 A. nidulans PPRI20935 = CMV010I1 Nidulantes South Africa, 2016 ––MK451456 – MK951915 – A. protuberus PPRI26350 = CMV016F8 Nidulantes South Africa, Mpumalanga, Wood in mine –– Barberton, 2018 A. protuberus PPRI5575 = CMV008B2 Nidulantes South Africa, 1994 Diesel fuel filters ––MK451497 – A. purpureocrustaceus PPRI3840 = CMV008B3 (ex-type) Nidulantes South Africa, Limpopo, 1990 Plant debris MK450653 MK451138 MK451515 MK450806 A. purpureocrustaceus PPRI5548 = CMV008B1 Nidulantes South Africa, Western Cape, Spider (Palystes castaneus) MK450652 MK451137 MK451514 MK450805 Cape Town, 1994 A. quadrilineatus PPRI26342 = CMV015B3 Nidulantes South Africa, Mpumalanga, ––MK951887 – Marble Hall, 2019 A. recurvatus PPRI3165 = CMV010C4 Nidulantes South Africa, 1988 MK450645 MK451157 MK451506 – A. rugulosus MRC3329 = CMV017B2 Nidulantes South Africa, Free State, Oats ––MK951928 – Clocolan, 1983 A. sydowii CMV008E1 = 2018-M76/352 Nidulantes South Africa, Limpopo, 2018 Chicken feed ––MK451524 – A. sydowii CMV015B9 = 2019-M44 Nidulantes South Africa, 2019 Wood pallet ––MK951889 – A. sydowii PPRI12668 = CMV008C6 Nidulantes South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, Environmental sample ––MK451523 – Pinetown, 2012 A. sydowii PPRI13067 = CMV008B4 Nidulantes South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, Environmental sample ––MK451521 – Pinetown, 2012 A. sydowii PPRI13241 = CMV001D6 Nidulantes South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, Environmental sample ––MK451520 – Pinetown, 2013 Table 1. (Continued).

Species Strains 1 Section Location collected / Host GenBank nr isolated, year ITS BenA CaM RPB2

www.studiesinmycology.org A. sydowii PPRI3810 = CMV008F1 Nidulantes South Africa, Free State, Honey ﬂower seed (Melianthus ––MK451525 – Bloemfontein, 1990 comosus) A. sydowii PPRI3839 = CMV008F2 Nidulantes South Africa, 1990 Watsonia marginata ––MK451526 – A. sydowii PPRI6542 = CMV008C5 Nidulantes South Africa, Kwazulu Natal, Lab shelf ––MK451522 – Pinetown, 1997 A. alabamensis PPRI25994 = CMV003A6 Terrei South Africa, Western Cape, Hominy chop animal feed – MK450947 MK451300 MK450758 Knysna, 2017 A. alabamensis PPRI25996 = CMV003A9 Terrei South Africa, Western Cape, Hominy chop animal feed – MK450948 MK451301 MK450759 Knysna, 2017 A. alabamensis PPRI26028 = CMV012E2 Terrei South Africa, Limpopo, Soil ––MK451299 – Groblersdal, 2018 A. aureoterreus PPRI13096 = CMV010F6 Terrei South Africa, Succulent karoo Soil – MK451161 MK451323 MK450772 area , unknown A. carneus PPRI13094 = CMV010F7 Terrei South Africa, Succulent karoo Soil – MK451162 MK451331 MK450778 area , unknown A. cf alabamensis PPRI7492 = CMV004A7 Terrei South Africa, 2004 – MK450983 MK451312 MK450765 A. cf alabamensis PPRI8696 = CMV004D7 Terrei South Africa, Limpopo , Kruger Soil – MK450993 MK451318 MK450770 National Park, 2005 A. cf alabamensis PPRI8741 = CMV004C9 Terrei South Africa, Limpopo, Kruger Soil – MK450990 MK451315 MK450768 National Park, 2005 A. cf alabamensis PPRI8747 = CMV004D2 Terrei South Africa, Limpopo, Kruger Soil – MK450991 MK451316 MK450769 A. cf alabamensis PPRI8979 = CMV004D5 Terrei NationalSouth Africa, Park, Limpopo, 2005 Kruger Soil – MK450992 MK451317 – National Park, 2005 A. cf alabamensis PPRI9150 = CMV004C8 Terrei South Africa, Limpopo, Kruger Mopane debris – MK450989 MK451314 MK450767 National Park, 2005 (Colophospermum mopane) A. cf alabamensis PPRI9184 = CMV004C7 Terrei South Africa, Limpopo, Kruger Soil – MK450988 MK451313 MK450766 National Park, 2005 A. cf alabamensis PPRI9189 = CMV004E1 Terrei South Africa, Limpopo, Kruger Mopane twigs and leaves – MK450995 MK451320 –

National Park, 2005 (Colophospermum mopane) A SPERGILLUS A. cf alabamensis PPRI9206 = CMV004D9 Terrei South Africa, Limpopo, Kruger Mopane twigs and leaves – MK450994 MK451319 MK450771 National Park, 2005 (Colophospermum mopane) A. cf allahabadii PPRI5574 = CMV004C1 Terrei South Africa, Western Cape, Rooibos tea (Aspalathus – MK450987 MK451302 MK450760 IN Clanwilliam, 1994 linearis) S OUTH A. cf allahabadii PPRI7534 = CMV004E6 Terrei South Africa, Limpopo, Kruger Soil – MK450999 MK451306 MK450764 National Park, 2003 A FRICA 263 A. cf allahabadii PPRI8751 = CMV004E3 Terrei South Africa, Limpopo, Kruger Soil MK450629 MK450997 MK451304 MK450762 National Park, 2005 (continued on next page) Table 1. (Continued). V 264 ISAGIE Species Strains 1 Section Location collected / Host GenBank nr ,H isolated, year ITS BenA CaM RPB2 OUBRAKEN

A. cf allahabadii PPRI8987 = CMV004E2 Terrei South Africa, Limpopo, Kruger Mopane debris MK450628 MK450996 MK451303 MK450761 National Park, 2005 (Colophospermum mopane) A. cf allahabadii PPRI9194 = CMV004E5 Terrei South Africa, Limpopo, Kruger Mopane debris – MK450998 MK451305 MK450763 National Park, 2005 (Colophospermum mopane) A. citrinoterreus PPRI7464 = CMV004A6 Terrei South Africa, North West, ––MK451340 – Welwitschia, 2004 A. heldtiae PPRI4229 = CMV004A2 (ex-type) Terrei South Africa, 1991 Millet seed MK450656 MK450981 MK451518 MK450809 A. hortai PPRI25995 = CMV003A8 Terrei South Africa, Western Cape, Hominy chop animal feed ––MK451423 – Knysna, 2017 A. hortai PPRI5864 = CMV004A5 Terrei South Africa, Gauteng, Animal tissue ––MK451424 – Onderstepoort, 1995 A. hortai PPRI7533 = CMV004A9 Terrei South Africa, Limpopo, Kruger Soil – MK450985 MK451425 – National Park, 2003 A. hortai PPRI8707 = CMV004C5 Terrei South Africa, Limpopo , Kruger Mopane (Colophospermum ––MK451427 – National Park, 2005 mopane) A. hortai PPRI9902 = CMV004B1 Terrei South Africa, Gauteng, Pretoria, Industrial food colourant ––MK451426 – 2008 A. species CBS142751 PPRI9903 = CMV004A8 Terrei South Africa, Gauteng, Pretoria, Industrial food colourant MK450635 MK450984 MK451358 – 2008 A. terreus PPRI10373 = CMV007A8 Terrei South Africa, Eastern Cape, Maize silage (Zea mays) ––MK451535 – Port Elizabeth, 2010 – A. terreus PPRI13086 = CMV011A4 Terrei South Africa, Succulent karoo Soil ––MK451537 area , unknown A. terreus PPRI20932 = CMV004B3 Terrei South Africa, 2016 ––MK451533 – A. terreus PPRI25997 = CMV003H4 Terrei South Africa, 2017 Animal feed ––MK451532 – A. terreus PPRI26027 = CMV012E1 Terrei South Africa, Limpopo, Soil ––MK451538 – Groblersdal, 2018 A. terreus PPRI26029 = CMV012E3 Terrei South Africa, Limpopo, Soil ––MK451539 – Groblersdal, 2018 A. terreus PPRI8282 = CMV010F9 Terrei South Africa, 2006 ––MK451536 – A. terreus PPRI8672 = CMV004B9 Terrei South Africa, 2007 Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) ––MK451534 – A. calidoustus PPRI15353 = CMV006B3 Usti South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, ––MK451329 – Pinetown, 2014 A. insuetus MRC5597 = CMV017B4 Usti South Africa, Western Cape, Direct scraping off Castle wall ––MK951930 – Cape Town, unknown A. insuetus PPRI3456 = CMV006F8 Usti South Africa, 1988 Grass ––MK451429 – A. pseudodeﬂectus PPRI5177a = CMV006F9 Usti South Africa, Western Cape, Rooibos tea (Aspalathus MK450644 MK451096 MK451503 – Clanwilliam, 1993 linearis) Table 1. (Continued).

Species Strains 1 Section Location collected / Host GenBank nr www.studiesinmycology.org isolated, year ITS BenA CaM RPB2

A. pseudodeflectus PPRI5177b = CMV010G3 Usti South Africa, Western Cape, Rooibos tea (Aspalathus ––MK451504 – Clanwilliam, 1993 linearis) A. pseudodeflectus PPRI8971 = CMV005H9 Usti South Africa, Limpopo, Kruger Mopane debris MK450642 MK451064 MK451498 – National Park, 2005 (Colophospermum mopane) A. pseudodeflectus PPRI8976 = CMV005I1 Usti South Africa, Limpopo, Kruger Soil ––MK451499 – National Park, 2005 A. pseudodeflectus PPRI9168 = CMV006A6 Usti South Africa, Limpopo, Kruger Mopane twigs and leaves ––MK451502 – National Park, 2008 (Colophospermum mopane) A. pseudodeflectus PPRI9203 = CMV005I2 Usti South Africa, Limpopo, Kruger Mopane twigs and leaves MK450643 MK451065 MK451500 – National Park, 2005 (Colophospermum mopane) A. pseudodeflectus PPRI9404 = CMV005I3 Usti South Africa, Limpopo, Kruger Soil ––MK451501 – National Park, 2005 A. pseudoustus MRC1233 = CMV017A5 Usti South Africa, Western Cape, Apple juice concentrate ––MK951922 – Drakenstein, 1975 A. pseudoustus MRC1234 = CMV017A4 Usti South Africa, Western Cape, Apple juice concentrate ––MK951921 – Drakenstein, 1975 A. sigurros PPRI15889 = CMV005I4 (ex-type) Usti South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, Environmental sample MK450650 MK451066 MK451512 MK450803 Pinetown, 2014 1 Acronyms of culture collections: PPRI, culture collection of the National Collections of Fungi, housed at the Agricultural Research Council - Plant Health and Protection (ARC), Roodeplaat, South Africa; MRC, culture collection of the Medical Research Council housed at PPRI; CSIR, culture collection of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research; CMV, working collection housed at the PPRI; DTO, working collection of the Applied and Industrial Mycology group housed the Westerdijk Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands. A SPERGILLUS IN S OUTH A FRICA 265 VISAGIE,HOUBRAKEN

ITS |BenA | CaM | RPB2 .caaoaiu B446Tsc Clavati sect CBS474.65T clavatonanicus A.

A. acanthosporus. CBS558.71 .posadasensisA. FMR12168

A A

.posadasensiA.

.longivesica A.

. hzpdsCS5.5 etClavati sect CBS450.75T rhizopodus .

acanthosporu A.

longivesic .ggnesCS1.5sc Clavati sect CBS515.65 giganteus A. MK951920 A. .ggnesCBS1 giganteus A.

hzpdsIMI35130 rhizopodus .

Aspergillus giganteus CBS526.65T sec

.clavatusA. CBS513.65T Clavatisect sec PPRI26019 giganteus A A. pseudoglaucus MRC1231 t Aspergillus

.clavatusA. CBS334.6 seifertiA. Aspergillus

A. Aspergillus t Aspergillus . A A t A A Aspergillus A. t Aspergillus A. giganteu t Aspergillus .clavatusA. PPRI26045 . seiferti . . A. denticulatu clavatus. CBS514.65 sect Clavati A. A A clavatus CBS236.81 sec .clavatusA. clavatus PPRI2649 sublevisporus CBS128796T sec t Aspergillus similanensi clavatus. PPRI26495 sect Clavati .clavatu Tsect .clavatusA. sec .clavatusA. clavatus PPRI2604 sect t Aspergillus A. A clavatuA. A fennelliaA. clavatusA. PPRI21896 A sect CBS530.71T a .clavatus Aspergillus A. huiyania. Aspergillus 8 sec tasmanicus CBS283.66T sect Fumigati . A otani Aspergillus Aspergillus Aspergillus sec A. unilateralis clavatus CBS447.6s Aspergillus i 5sec A. nishimuraA sec CBS187.77 t A. ferenczii CBS121594 s Aspergillus A. caatingaensi marvanovae. NRRL62486T sect Fumigati T sect Cervini Aspergillus PPRI26025 Clavati sect PPRI3211i t Aspergillus tAspergillus A. turcosus KACC42091.waksmani s A. multiplicatu FMR12322 Clavati sect assulatus IBT2791 t Aspergillus s sectMRC453 A. sec i Aspergillus tAspergillus Aspergillus Aspergillus sec A. galapagensis CBS117522A. CBS598.74Te NRRL32571 sect Fumigati Aspergillus PPRI4976 sect 1 3 sect A. pernambucoensispernam IFM61343 sect A. tsunoda KUFA0012Ts sect Fumigati sPPRI981PPRI1383 Aspergillus 19.4 PPRI26035 sec s PPRI855 PPRI4851 sec PPRI14650 CBS491.65 sect Aspergillus stramenius CBS498.65T eIFM57847 CCF5379 sect Aspergillus Aspergillus t A. PPRI13831 CBS652.73 s PPRI8674 sect Aspergillus 8 sect Aspergillus PPRI1706 s CCF424 A. aurat s sect 3 sect Aspergillus sect 4 sect Aspergillus sec etClavati sect 9 Aspergillus A elsenburgen 8sec t Aspergillus Aspergillus 5 sect A. auratu Tsec Aspergillus t . IFM54133Te sect Fumigati 5sec sCBS523.65Tsect t t Aspergillus0 i Tsect A 7 t australensis CBS112.55Tb sect Fumigati CBS126.56 NRRL179 sec T 3sectClavati t Aspergillus .brevistipitatusA ucoensi Aspergillus 2 sec t Aspergillus 40 A. soli PPRI26034 sect Aspergillus sec t Aspergillus A. conversis s s CBS141774T sec sec . sCBS 2sectClavati t eIFM t T sect Aspergillus sec 6 2sect tClavati Clavati t us sect s CBS375.75 sect O092D 8 Clavati t 6 papuensis CBS841.96T IFM61335T sect sect Clavati Clavatit iPPRI2603 PPRI26000 sec Rsec Clavatit 1 T Clavatit Clavati Clavati O322A2 Clavati PPRI13427 sect gillus t sec Aspergillus 9 sect Clavati t 14.27 9sec A. shendaweiiA. shend CBS466.65T sect sectT Fumigati sect Clavati Clavati T s CCF539 sec t Clavati s T sect Clavati A. neoglabe s sect Clavati 5 Aspergillus c sect Aspergillus 1 Tsect Clavati CBS123.53T sec 2 MK951912 Clavati s CCF4789 sect Aspergillus t t ola NRRL35723T sect s NRRL437 57609 sec cervinus CBS537.65 Aspergillus 646.95T sect Fumigati TsectFumigati illu si montevidensis t sec A. neoglaber sectT Fumigati tFumigati Clavati g . montevidensi s NRRL62497 sect IFM61342 porosus CBS141770T sect Aspergillus Asper s CBS121.45T sect s . Clavati 1 t A. sec T A. montevidensis . A. montevidensis PPRI6330 sec A. pseudoglaucus A PPRI26346 A. montevidensis MRC1250 A. montevidensis A. montevidensi tFumigati A. montevidensi Aspergillus A A. Tsec Clavati A 6 A. montevidensis CMV012H4 sec MRC123 PPRI2994 sect A. intermediu t A. intermedius CBS377.7 A t sec A. porosu PPRI2634 T T . A. porosus PPRI3419 sect Fumigati A. porosus PPRI13419 sect Aspergillus chevalieri CBS522.65T sect Aspergillus A a CBS135457 A. caperatu CBS112.26 s MRC45 sectT Fumigati Fumigati A. chevalieri PPRI26554 sect sec A A. h hir neoglaber NRRL18 A. chevalieri PPRI633 . chevalieri PPRI5410 sect EXF1002 Tsec A. chevalieri NRRL121 sec i CBS471.65T sect Aspergilluss MRC46 t Aspergillus .hir weii I CBS135454 A. chevalieri PPRI3791 sect . chevalieri CBS142376 Asper A. chevalier s CBS516.65T sec s Aspergillus .h A sec T t A. s CBS141767T UTHSCSADI1 A. at tFumigati A t Fumigatit A. chevalieri PPRI4908 sect Aspergillus proliferan 4 ir CBS111.55r 9sec s A. chevalieri s 9 i A. hi i sukae TsectFumigati A. chevalieri PPRI2634 proliferans PPRI673 sec 5 thermomuta a rats ec A. chevalieri CBS141769. sec Cremei i A. thermomu A. hirat a IF Tsect A. chevalieri DT 0 sec ts FM5761 Fumigati A. cristatus proliferan T sec t A. ts A mei A. u M5761 t A. . aurantiacoflavu T ei A. u NRRL343 A. proliferans D . aurantiacoflavus CCF5391 8 ra kae uk A. proliferan hirat ka Fumigati A . CremeiCremei h tFumigatiFumigati A 46 t Cremei CremeCre A spath i ts a A CBS374.75 t mei r ePPPPRI19190 sec A. aurantiacoflavus CBS141930Tniveoglaucus CBS1 CBS141773 t Creme t t . atsukas u e TsectFumigati A. glaucu i CGMCC3.039 s c A CBS294.93 Tsecsec Fumigati A. glaucu . CBS138177 Crem A s s ukaek PPR Fumig A. brunneus i sec e . p a 1T sec0 sect Fumigati Fumigati A i iPPRI342 sec t Cre CremeiCremei . uk A. neocarnoy t sec ps a u e CCF398 A. neocarnoyi 4 t t A d t RI9 Tsect t pseudoglaucu AOMC146 sect 2 Ts e A. q A thu latus N u a Fumigati A. levisporus. pseudoglaucu ulatu 9sec sec Cremei i . el t I 4 Fumigati A. pseudoglaucu CBS530.65c D 8 t udovi A .duricbre atu sC e DTO237B6e C 1 Fumigatit A microperforatus sec sec Cremei i 3 A. microperforatu r CBS10174i 9 sec t . c latu 918 17 sec sloani KACC463 18.3 ec CremeiCremei me u atu P CF tFumigati ati A. pseudoglaucus. r 9 5 T t s BS sec A. . zutongqi 1 s e Cremei adricinctussu CBv PRI32 A zutongqi s t 97/* 2 . sec Cremei emei ip s NRR 4 t F A zutongqi CBS104.07T sec 99 1 Cr r rutae Ca s R 5 A S13439 t Cremei idinut es CBS118.5NRR 208.92 1 Tse sect Fumi t Fumigatiu . rube i CCF3365 sect sectT t Cremei Cr A. f ulis CBS101754R 0 8 s A. . rube i CBS t sec Fumigatim A appendi 1 4 t A L20 2se e t A . i CB BS134393 sec T L1 6 se c F igati . mallochi sec rankstA. . ct Fumigati A cibariu i CBS130.4PPRI2604 C 9.74 sec sect speciesa CB L 0 t umi A . i PPRI2634s sec Cremei n 5 283 c F A . wenti i s NRRL508 0 0 Cremei A viri A. s BMFA09 2 T sec c tF . wenti i PPRI25 CCF187 5T T t A S 0 49 s u A t i s CBS472.65 t MK951918 A .viri e tFumig A wenti 08.63 d . felis CBS13N 481.65 55 s u mig g . wenti s s 1 74 A. .a o f Tsectsece ct tF g at A. aeu CCF504 sec A. n inu e R S c m A . 1323 sec Cremei ar d l RL 0 a . wentiwen s CBS64 1 1 t A. pseudoglaucus r is Fu i A PPRI2603 MRC462 A ar coverdinutansensi CBS127.56T D 135. 3T Ts t u i ati t u T .arcovcover tans D sec tFuFu gat i A . wenti s CBS Cremei c C T 6 33 m migati A . europaeu CMV012C9i t o BS1302O175H32 se ec a . europ hic cu BS14275 .65 sec s 5 Ts s tF Fum mi i A ltus CBS257.8s CBS 1323 A. wyomi ver 9 T e igati ti A chrysellu u C 1 T ec Cremei A CBS1422 04T sect2 Fu c tFumigm . chrysellu s s s s t Polypaecilum den e T Ts s e u g A. s CBS648. t A .w e d n ec c t iga at A . i T rdensi e sis O 0 tFumigatiF migai . dimorphicu errei . yom si nsis 3 2 ec u gati i A sep CBS secsec T A A w 4 44 tFum ti A . dimorp lensi 15.32 t . . y s 2 mi A . dimorphi rens s 1 8 T wyomw o n C P 7 5T t purensi sCBS500 ei A m i gens PPRI7PR G4 sec Fumigati gat at ti A . sepultu h sec r . yo nge s B 33 c A . dimorphicu r wyom ing C S1 sec t i oide CBS T rrei e m I7 Tsecsec t Fumigati igat i A . e T errei in ingee n i B 39 491 sect Fumi m A .esporflaschentraeger s T t T g ns si sCCS13918 tFumigatiigati A . mat CBS477.65 t t errei A A ensis NRRL629s PPRI5573 18 5 se tF i gorak s NRRL451 T . . in is PPRI5178 1 A . gorakhpu sec t Terrei si siamengensi n 7 4s c t u A stroromatoide s CBS384.61sec 4 sec t erreirei a sis F5 t Fum ga A. 8 T A m Tse F m st s 5 t . C 6 8sece i ti A. itaconicu 4secsec Ter errei a e 4 ct FumigaF um g A. . CBS124230263 t T A. cr n s CCF4417TCF sec 0 c u ig a olitui 4 7 sec t A sis si t m igatia ti A . cremeu UAB 7 rei A. aureol.ace sIF 4 sect FumigatiFumiga A cremeurta i IBT 2 sec errei er n 1 s tFumigig ti . ins i secT i T a si K 70 e A . o IBT16745 33 t t u re s UF M6 sect Fumigatict at A h i A re ns IF 07 i . horta a IBT16 erre errei A . olusus N is M5C 115 sec Fumig ti A . horta PPRI870 sec TerreiT erreirrei i A. .a aur 6349 se t A . i 1 ct erreiTsect T Te e A ur CC tFumigatiat i A hort ta ect t T t r MN031425 a e RRL20 72 7 c . PPRI75 se ec er . u u eo olus PPRI3C tF i A hortai i s s T rei A. d re BS1 F 9 T sec a . hor a PPRI259954 9 sec 389215 sec t agawaeo lus PPRI 49 1Tss tFumigau ti A . i 3 Ter A. pseudoglaucus hortai PPRI990IBT627 MRC455 4 A udaga lus 05 6 e t m A . ort i 1 sec rrei A. .u 643 se1secct FuF igati A orta UABTO6I 86 9 4 e C . ec u .hh i CBS1 L1 T A uda daga B 55 tF mi A . s R 0sectt Terrei . w S1 1 4 T m gati A CBS134.60 sectIBT2638 T ct A uda ga ae IFM5413PP 12 5 t um ti .hortahorta s RI74659 sec .ud w RI113243 1sectsec ct Fumi iga A tai PPRI5 u NRP 0 se rrei i g wa a 74597 Fu iga A. hortai D i e s P 14 0 Te re A agawawaee e tFumi ti . hor u s T 6 t er .udag IFM 3ss migatig ti A . rre IB c T rei A C ec at A inoterreu eu s BT645RL2 t er . BS1 5 e tFumigFu i . hortaitr te rr I R c T ei A. ud ae D 413 sec c mi g A . c te reu s N 38sese rr ei A ag a T 42 2s tFumi a A citrinoterro r u 5. 2 e rr . u wae CCD O g ti . n rre s 2 sectt T e A udagawaeda aw PPRI2603TO 30 231 se1secte tF ati A citrinori e 93 9 T . gawaae 16 8 ct Fu umigati a . cit rinotet S1 0 erreiei A. u udag H g ti A t B sect t T CCF4491F 6D sect6 ati A. rinooterreuC I26022sec c err rei d awae e CCF44794476 sects c Fumigatim .cicit n s PRI2 97 se T r 94/- A 6 ec tFu i A ri u P R 867 e . aga s ga . it s P I 5 t T A A udaga e t mi ti A . c u P .6 sectc rrei .udag.ud wae D D ctFumFumi A terre s PPR 7 se Te TO gat . s 3 t errei A. uda a w g A . terrereu PPRI259 7 ec tT rrei ei a ga a TO 28 s Fumi ati i A ter reu s 118.23 s Te rr A w w e 3D 0 e Fu ig . CBS594BS 82 sec t Te i i A. .udg ae C a C 006A sectct Fumigati Fum g at A . ter rreuus C 2 7 t re rrei f A. u awae e CCF5638CF5 sect3 m ati i A te s 02 secec er e erre umis agaw B 3 sect Fumiga igati erre PPRI10 86 s t T t T t T i i da S 63 se i A. . t reu PPRI8 0 T c rre e HE615131 HE801336 HE801322 HE801311 1 ga ynn ga ae CB 1 4s c A ter reuss 13 .65 sec sec Te err w S 4217T sec e tFumi ti . er PPRI26RI 01 5 1 Tsect tT A. le em a DTO019D811421 ct Fu A .t eu s 6 .55 e sec A. pseudoglaucus e PP s CBS379.75 at A err S 0 ntul u DT g ti . t us CB 106.2T131213 9 i 1 i A.lent s IF O019D7 8se F m at A terreue s S IB 460 re A. us M t Fumum iga i A. CB us Terre14275i Ter A. l ul D 4 secct iga ti . terrrreu s an RRL ct S re ct ei e lentulusus PP TO122 Fu A te ic nus CBSN e er se err A. lentntu PPRI 77T s se tF mi igatiti A. a 3s wCBt T T t T lus 79 ct F u g . terreu fric nus ne 90 ec A CBS A e mi ati A neoafra ca I990 s 9 sec38 t Terreiei . lentuulu R 6170 sec4 s ctFuumiggati A. eo ri PR u 0s err A.le sN 1 I7 ect . n oaf P nne S12 9 sec t T rrei A. no lus R 17885532 sec Fu mi a A ne i u CB RI91518 sec Te A. ntulu K R gatiti A. i br PRI422s PP 9 1 t rrei vofumigatulent s KACC41392A L35551 secTse s t Fu mi . fimetet eP s sec Te i A. u CC41 t miggati A fim ia terreunsi PPRI I87406 t rre no lus c Fu A. do is PR 92 ec Te ei A.f vo N 393 sectec FutF migatiati . heldteu ame s P RI 47s ct err Terrei umi fumi sCBSRR tFumigatumigat A ps ab PP se t T ct A. gati gat L35553 . all s 696 1 se fu u 11 A cf labamensamensisi PPRI87I8 9 sec 8 ei A.f mig affi sC 752 i A. f al b en R 97 429 err T u a nis PP C se tFumim i c la PP I8 1 T A m tia F 0T sec ct F igat A. f al labam ensiss BS ect errei A. fu .fumiiga ffini 4078 g i . c al bam si PPR C 2 s t T mi tiaffi s CCFRI321 t umigaati A cf lla s new 49 sec i A. g gatia nis CC se Fum A. f a s 7 4 erre fumigatiatia ffin 4 0sectct Fu i ti . c allabamenamensi t T A ffin is F4 499 m gati A cf lab catuis PPRI sec errei i . fu is IBT13 4 se F ig A. fal osul PPRI918 T EF652050 EF651917 EF652007 EF651952 miga affi CBS 82s ct umi ati . c enssis sect t Terre A t nis P 117 13 ec Fumi gati A aurantibam TO15F98 sec errei . spinoiaffi P 186 1s tFumg A. ala amens D 15F 28 ectT A. pseudoglaucus CBS123.28 A. spi nis RI T ect Fumi ati cf b TO 0 T s sus CBS4PPR 1309 sect Fum iga A. f alla s D I26 693 Terrei no I1308 0 ti .c ensi PPR 5 rrei A. la sus sect gati A alabamensiam sis S12 02 sect e rrei A ciniosu NRR 83. 9 se F igati A. lab en s CB 7 sect T t Te */* .l 65 ct F umigati a am 3 c acini s PPRL32 T se A. lab s IBT12256 4 se Terrei A. la osu 569 ct um . a amensisi 599 ct rrei A. cinio s PP I324 se Fumiigati A ab men IBT2 2 96 se t Te la su R 7s ct Fum g A.allaba ensis PPRI 59 sec A. lacin cinio s PPR I319 ect F ati .a m nsis 810 i sus I 7s iga A alaba me s PPRI2 9 Terrei A. laci osus PP 384 ect umigatti A. ba i RL2 t errei ni CBS1 RI3 7 se Fum i alla is NR 6 sec ectT A. l acini osus KACC416517 417 sec ct F iga A. llabamenss 2255 7T s rrei A. os 721T s umig ti A. a amen IBT 16.3 ct Te lacin us t Fu ati . alab s S1 T se ei iosu KACC4164 ect F miga A occosu s CB .27 Terr A. t sKAC 7 sect Fumum ti A. fl cosu S115 sect rrei A. l akak C 4 igat floc CB 515 t Te T ac ii 41644a sec i . s sec rei inios CBM t Fumiigati A u NRRL 751 t Ter A us KA FA88 sec A. nive us RL4 sec rrei .fis CC 4T t Fum gati nive NR 1955 ctTe A. fisccheri 416 sect Fumigatiig A. veus RL 1se Terrei NRRL4557a sec ati A. ni sNR 9 sect rei A. fis heriNR t niveu 49 ct Ter ch R 85 se Fumi A. s CBS471.S111. T se LT627271 LT627296 LT627321 LT627346 A. fi eri NRRLL407 ct F gati .niveu s CB 4.65 errei scheri C 5sec umigat A rneu 9 sectT A. BS 4161 tFumig i A. ca s CBS4L298 t Terrei A. microperforatus c CBS142376 se eu fische 544.65T s ct Fu ati .carn NRR 28se errei A. fi ri P PR e migati A rneus 19 sect T scheri PPRI3I4507 ct Fum A. ca us NRRL ct Terrei A. fis sect igati carne PPRI13094 987se errei cheri PPRI34488 s Fumiga A. neus i PPRI8 sect T A. fisch ect F u ti A.car i I8751 A A. eri PPR 18 sect F migati llahabad ii PPR ect Terrei .oerlin fischer I3428 umi A. cf a ahabad 34s Terrei ghause iPPRI26 sect Fumiggati . cf all dii PPRI75 sect rei nsis CB 026 s a A aba PRI9194 ect Ter A. fumiga S13918 ectFum ti A. allah i P S142987 s t Terrei A.f tus NRRL 3T sec igati . allahabadi wCB 6 sec umigatus 5587 s tFumigati A ricus ne BS14298 rei A. fumi CBS13 ect Fum A. majo us newC 1 sect Ter gatusD 3.61Tsec igati . majoric Terrei A. fu TO266H1 t Fumig A i NRRL4104 sect i migatus NR sect Fum ati A. allahabadidii PPRI557 sect Te rre A.fumigatu RL164 igati allahaba 164.63T s PPRI2 sect Fu m A. badii CBS sect Terrei A. fumigatu 0934 sec igati A. allaha 561T i A. fum s PPRI10 t Fumigati anicusCBS139 0 sect Terre igatusPP 498sectFu A. i r CBS13956 t Ter rei */* RI1266 migati icus 5Tsec A. fumigatus 5 sect Fumiga A. iran s CBS444.7 errei PPRI13084 sect ti A. neoindicu 265.81 sect T A. fumigatus Fumiga terreus C BS ect Terrei LT627270 LT627295 LT627320 LT627345 PPRI10161s ti A.aureo PRI13096 s A. fumigatus ect Fumigati ureoterreus P t Terrei PPRI3505 sect Fu A. cf a CBS503.65T sec A. microperforatus UTHSCSADI16-400 A.fu miga erreus migatus PPRI509 ti A.aureot ect F lavipedes A. fumiga 0 sect Fu migati zukae CCF4032s tus DTO267H1sectFumig A. ii B2417 sect Fla vipedes A. fumigatus ati A. iiz ukaeCMFIS des PPRI10499 sectFumigati CBS541.69T sectFlavipe A. fumigatus CMV0 A. iizukae ipedes 15C5 sect Fumigati A. iizukaePPRI4965sect Flav A. fumigatusCMV015C3 sect Fumigat S138188T sect Flavipedes A. f u i A. c apensisCB migatus PPRI2 5998 sect Fumigati A. t emplicola CBS138181T sect Flavipedes A.fumigatus PPRI4975 sectFumigati A. urmiensis CBS139558T s ect Flavipedes A. fumigatus PPRI8 527sect Fumigati A. ardalensis CCF4031T sect Flav ipedes A. fumigatus PPR I3283 sectFumigati A. flavipes NRRL302T sec tFlavipedes A.fumigatus P PRI25993 sect Fumigati A. m icronesiensis NRRL295 sect gati Flavipedes A. fumigatus PPRI13252 sect Fumi A. micronesiensis CBS138183T s ect Fl 79 sect Fu migati A. n avipedes A.fumigatus PPRI34 eoflavipes CBS260.73T sect Flaviped PRI10162 sectFumigati A. polyporicola NRRL3 es A. fumigatus P igati 2683T s ect Fla viped us DTO244G3 sect Fum A. spelaeus CCF4425 es A. fumigat t Fumigati A. jan T sectFlavipedes igatus CMV015D 9sec usCBS118.45T sectJ LT670973 LT671166 LT671167 LT671168 A. f um ct Fumigati A. flavus PP ani atus PPRI8522se RI18143 sec A. fumig C2 sect Fumigati A.flavus PPRI2634 tFlavi A. pseudoglaucus CCF5387 gatus CMV015 umigati A. 5 sect Fla A.fumi RI3478 sect F flavus PPRI18161 s vi .fumigatus PP ect Fumigati A. flavus ect Flavi A 435s A. flavus PPPPRI22482s A. fumigatus MRC 5 sect F umigati ect Fla vi s PPRI852 umigati A. flavu RI8551 sec A. fumigatu 5C1sectF sPPRI1 t Flavi CMV01 Fumigati A. flavus 8712 sect A.fumigatus 3sect igati A. CMV015C Flavi igatus PPRI852 sect F um flavus PPRI 7 sect Flavi A. fum PRI8560 tFumigati A. flavu 20581 se fumigatus P 006sec ati A.flavus CMV015C9 ctFlavi A. PPRI26 ect Fumig s PPRI sec umigatus 15D8s migati A. flavu 2603 t Flavi A. f tusCMV0 ct Fu i A s PPRI2 2 sectF fumiga PRI8558 se gat . flavu 6036 lavi A. atus P 94 s ect Fumiparsi A. fl s PPRI1 sect Flavi A.fumig PPRI73 ect S avus C 8144 sec igatus 39.61Ts t Usti A. flavu MV015C t Flavi T A. fum CBS1 04T sec ti A. s CBS 6sec sparsus BS1239 4sectus flavus 110. 55 t Flavi A. tus C RC123 tusti A. flavu CBS574 sect Fl seudous us M sec sti A. s MR .65 s avi A. p ust MRC1233 sect U flavu C131 ect Flavi A. pseudo ustus 4380 sti A.flavus MRC 7 sec seudo BS11 Tsect U A s M 3732 t Flavi KJ775540 KJ775074 KJ775309 KX463365 A. p stus C 1601 ct Usti .flavusRC174 sect F dou BS12 3se Usti A. PP 5 s lavi A. cali tus C RI1535 sect flavu RI187 ectFl A. sloanii s ti s CBS138177 u P A. or a alido tus P 3228 ect Us y PPRI1 11 se vi A. c idous BS11 76s Usti A. fl zae CB 871 ctFlav A. cal us C I89 ect A. avus S1 3 sect i lidoust s PPR 404s i2 flavu PPR 02.07T Flav A. ca flectu RI9 sectUst A. s PPRI2600I26001 se i e PP t Usti flavu s ct Fla pseudod flectus 68 sec t Usti A.oryzs CB ect Flavi vi A. udode s PPRI517791 c sti A. a S569 3 se pse flectu 4TsectU flavuse NRR .65T ct Flavi A. de ctus PPRIult456 sti A. fla N L45 se eudo defle FCc 77 sesectU ti A vu RRL3 8 s ct Fl A.ps s BA PRI51 t Us . flav s PP 75 ect F avi .pseudoican tusP sec Usti A. us RI2 1 sec lavi A fusc PPRI89713 ect ti A flavu PPRI26648 t Flavi A. dodeflecctus I920 8 s t Us . flavu s PPR 6sec eu fle PPR L27 sec ti A. s I 044 t Fl A. ps udode tus NRR 4T ti A. flav CB 2600 sec avi pse eflec 6.7 9 sect Uss flavuusP S118.6 2 s t Fla A. dod ect U sti A. sPPRI ect vi T deflectusCBS751588 U fl 2 2 F A. pseu o tus PRI Tsect sti A. avu PR 600 sec lavi pseud flec s P Ts t U fla sP I1871 7s t Fla A. de S142451 sec Usti A.flavuvusPPRI7 ect F vi eudo sigurro CB 23894 6 ct A P 9 4se lavi ps A. s S1 1861 e t Usti . flav s RI2 77 s ctF A. inan s CB T 2Ts ti A. u PPRI2599600 ec lav tam si isIB 084 7 sec ti A flav sP 4 t Fl i LT670986 LT671206 LT671207 LT671208 .con aden ens 4 Us . flav us PR sec avi A b RC559 6sectUst A. u PPR I32 2 s tF lsbad r CBS1 I345 sec t Usti A fla s P I 74 ect lavi A. zutongqii 6 2338 CBS141773 ti A. carlscar aspe tus M PR sec s .fl vus PR sec Fla A. A. P F418 4 tU i A. avu PPRI1871I13 9 t Fl vi nsue us CC C tUstti A fla s CBS 14 sec avi A. i nsuet O178 .27 sec Us .flavvus 1 sectt Fl A.i suetusDT 119 ct i A. u CB 11763 5 avi .in tus BS .25T sec i A fla s P S se Fla A ue C 7 ct UstUst . fl vus P 501.658 ct vi ins tus Tse t sti A. av MRC252RI26 se Flav A. ue 2 sec t U A flav us 3 s ct i ins us CBS10S132737T se6 ec sti . fl u M 47 ec Flav A. et CB 209.966 s t U ti A avu s MRRC136 s tF i nsu s 42 2 Us i A . miniscles 6 secect lavi . i ide CBS 415 sec t . PPRIC697 6 Fl A o BS1 F sect ti A mini sec t Fla avi kevei keveiieii C CC 2487TT A . mi sc r 26029 t v A. A. ev us L6 887 7 sect UstUs . n ler otig se Fla i uric 23 sec antes A min isc oti e 2secct vi a NRR 1 4 ul A . afla isclerotigeneslerot g ne Fla . calidok us id lantes . eness C t vi A . thes c CBSTO179B t N u ntes A afla tox ige B Flavi A us s D d la tes .aflatoxto if ne IBT S1 nic u tNiidu an es A.aflatoxxi orman s 176 thesauri s DTO179BTsecc N ul s A fo CBS32 3 A. rma anicicu 74 Tsect id ant e . p i rma 11 3 */* ge rm 54. t N dul A. ip formans sIBT32NR 11761 se A. e 7 Ni lant es A c e ifo ns R sec ct A. g 5.6565T sesec t nt es . ere rico rm C L644435 t Fl .germanCBS 46 . T ec ula t s A. cere a l a BS1436790 T Flav avi LT670989 LT671215 LT671216 LT671217 s 05 s id e l a CB 7 A u CBS 629 ulan t s A cer a is CB ns 9 sec i s 0 5T sect NidutN d lan te .austwickiie li CBS CB S sect sec t rpureeu 14 7.6 T Ni n A. ali s S143 121.6 t F A. zutongqii CGMCC3.03961 S 74 t du la A a s CBS1436IB 14 S F Flavilavi . pu ns CBS5B 49 3 5Tsec tNi antes . ustwic T3 6 13 T lavi A ria 4 6 secc iduul ntes A. par 20 36 8 32 2 s se obrunn CBS 13 0. 1T se tN id a A p a 7 76 0T 6 ec ctF nti A.vanatusu Cs S 9 ec N dul es . arass k C 0 s se 5 tFlavil S1 9T t s A. parasi iti ii BS1 sect e c sec av ate isCBB 10.5 0s Ni idulanteslant e A pa i cus CBS1436 7 ct t t i A. aura dic s C 899 sec N nt . ticu 35 4 Fla FlaviFlav F ri pelunce s CBS1L5 sect ntess A parasiras t PPR 40 T lav . vi rgien s Niduulala e A . p icu s se v i i A A.s olatu 58747 t u . ar iticu s PPR I 6 c i bu e NRRPPRI26355575Tsect id s A par as t P 95 77 se t F aur escen s RL 4 N dulant te A . p ic s P I5181 T c lavi .aski. r ru .7 9T secsect Nid ulantes es . ar a iti us PP R 1 se tF A A pe icolor PPRI 4 ct d lan A p asitisi cu I2 se lav s rs be sNRs U se Ni u es A . a tic s PPRRI 8 3 c ct e ru ru S602K 1 t id lantnt . pa rasi u PP 2 85 sec t F Flavii A. a e CB L233T sectc Ni N du s A. paso ra cu s I79302 s la subv protu isHR 602 ct ula te A s ticu s PPRIRI95 ec t F v . A. rotube s s R I2 t Ni id lantes . ja iti P 78 1s l i A p rotuberu en R u lan A sojara e c s P t F av A. . p b P ec d u A . CBS100u PPRI14RI 9 3 s ec lavi i A u ong us N 8T ses Ni . parasi siticu s 53 2 ec t rot k an 38191T3 se47 ct tes A par e PPRI14 375 4 sec t Flavi . p ng nus Ps NRRL5301 e tNid n A . p N se Fl A nu s c A . arasa ti RR s 4 t F avi ho e RL48I260 T Nidulantesdula . pa s cu PP 9 6 sectct l A. troafric R R t i A p iti L 28 6 36 Fl avi amoe L35600 sect8T se N es A . a ra i cu s 198RI T 4 sec avi aus . . amo sN R ec . tra r siticutic s P 951 2 F . A A iacus CBSsPPR ct N A tr a u P 8 s sec lavi MK451575 sit e */* t 122718202 65TTs sect Nidulantes . n D t A N S . se Nidulantes A transman s s T R s 3 c Flavi an 1 ect Nidulantes A . montanicu s CBSO I260e sect Flavit oenu CB S14 t Nidulantes tes . transmonsmo D 2 ct Fla A. zutongqii A PPRI3429 . amoenum S583 Nidulant s t s T 0 Flav A a us RL2391324 T sect t dulantes A . ra N O301E1 3 4 t v seoaur n iCB R 4768 s i s . s nsmontaneno n RRL64300926C 6 F i A. 65 s A a pno n tan 4 sec i lav rCB PRI . tN A .a rachidi t e A. amoenuspepi Nidulan . anensie ns sec t i A. gri iP 2 sect Nidulantesidulante A n ra v t nsisi F . tabaciA. sec t Nidulantesulante A . o c tra anensis s MUM10.206 T t l A c N A . n voph 3 sec s Fla av 10 sergo idic c n ec i I6548 es s A . v ol s s MUM10.22sec t v A. fructus N i PPRI12668 sec sect A . se oparasita m MU t F i A. versicolo t NidulanteNidulantes .k parasit r ol a o s t Fl l A. sydowisydowii NRRL PPR 3067 sect1 sectc Nid ulantes A rgii ii a a CB ntais MU Flava av . i ct d A . ru CBS13 s M10.2 vi A wii CMV015B9i PPRI3 sec T A . m iticuCB C i i Tse idulant ntestes su g M S n B M10.22 5 sydowi ect Nidulantes A . o er UM 1 e S130 i A. sydowii CBS593 Tse tN A . subfl tta ic icu s S 17 n 1 s A. owi iPPRI1PPRI3839 se c idulantesula t b i u 1 s 11 e d i e antes es A . ama flav e PPRI 00 s CBS17 610i sec c A. sydo s tN A . tamari s 10. s t A. sydowsy CMV008E T sect Ni Nid t a C PPRI9 C 6 PP 01 2 sec Flavi . i L13150 5 sect Nidulantet A . am u B 20 17 B 1 t A I2806 s Nidulan ntes A. . tamari r vu s S 1 1secT 5 sec Flav sydowi NRRL13147RRL227 9 sec t Niduldulantes tes A t ii S1300168 T 2685 s RI1 T t . sydowi 4 sec t amari ari CBS13309s C 98 8 12 ec F A . s NRR Ni A . ta i S B s sec sec t la i A u iN PPR 8 sec t A .caet m i PPR 2 e 6 t 4 Flavi v sydowi s i I632 t Nidulant s A a 8 S 6 8 849 tFl 27 i . si 538 T sec Nidula . m i PPRI 4 1 c t 0 F t A NRRL22 sec t Nidulantes ntes A . pseu ari P s 0 t Flavi la 5 Fl i PR RI T a A p ari iPP 3 4 ec F sec av nenat NRRL58600 7 sec t Nidulan . lat i P I2 b 3 sec l T vi se a i P t ul A . pseudotas CBS1 RI7 683T t avi i v i i PP RI1323 5 sec Nidulantes A . nom e i 2 81 se Fl sec t c i ve sseen jenseni t Nidulantes do u PPRI2601RI26 s t F HE615134 HE801337 HE801325 HE801315 i sec A udotam 600 t . . P 8592 9 t . nomiu s 2 7 c e av F la F A cvjetkoviciA P 0 sec Nid ntes A . no 39 t T c l t . jenseni i sec t Nidulante A . nomiu caelatuC se s F t i avi Flavv lavi A . 1 t A . iu 0 2 8 e s F i A. ruber nomiu CBS101748 jensen Nidulantes miu B 02 la tenne jenseni 8 sec idulantes A . 4.1 c c ec l */* . . A NRRL35641PPRI373 08 t Nidulantes nomiu s S sec se vi avi . jenseni T sec c t N A . nom s 3 t t t i A A A s NRRL5r 5 sec A pseudonomiu. CBS260.88m a 763.97 F F . T t A pseudonomiu s P 3 c Fla A r PPRI386 pseudonom. s ar ri s t t lavi lavi jenseni NRRL5867 T t NidulaNidulantes A. .pseu CBSP s 0 T e Flavi . r r PPRI990 Tsesec ec Nidulantes A s i c Flavi vi s A iu D RI375 ii NRRC sec sec A ebe crebee r PPRI t . luteovires s D t sec t Nidulantes A . s T C B F cr . r 8 A bertholletiu D T O2 T A PPRI1316 5 t NidulantesNidulantes A . coremiiformi D 3 B S t t lavi . crebe A . coremiiformis T O creb r T sect t Nidulantes . d 99.9 S766L44 1 sec FlavFl A . . t Nidulantes A t T O243E2 2 176 Tsec sec A . vandermerweogoe onomiu O161F 3 a puulaauensi A A crebebe CBS134396 0sec t Nidulantes A . vandermerwe 2 6 T vi . sec t Nidulantes A . vandermerwe 7B I se t A. crebe. e 8 A . 5 3 3 i A IBT33104 sec t . vandermerwe s . 16 Fl A cr s CBS140627 t Nidulantes A vandermerwei s c e 97 s sCBS132.55s sec A . vandermerwe iu 8 s sec avi . S10270 T t Nidulantes A . nsi c s t ct ec T CBS133.54T Nidulantes A . vandermerwe en CBS 8 ec A sec t Nidulantes A alliaceu. lanosu s sec Flavi T r NBRC3302 Tsec t Nidulantes alliaceu sIBT29228PPRI506 1 t s CB sec Nidulantes A . s s sec t t F s 9 sec t A . s IBT12657 sec sec Flavie S143587 t Nidulantes A . alliaceu NRRL655 sec F Flavi lavi . croceusungui s PPRI38440607T Nidulantes A neoalliaceu. alliaceu CBS272.89s t c CBS100523 T t A .magalineoallia CBS620.95 119388 lav t A . PPRI554 sec Nidulantes A . t Fl s Tsec A NRRL1375 t Fl s CB sec t Nidulantes A . t israelensiA A . lepori CBS F F T s T avi s t A . lepori CBS650.74s Flavi i av . T sec t NidulantesNidulantes A . aspearensi i lavi lav Tsec sect Nidulantes ochraceuA. . aspearensi A mulundensi t Nidulantes A. . hancocki s i CBS126709 multicolo sec t A . avenaceu i CBS314.89 T Nidulantes A s i NRRL123 3 . . t A avenaceu i T Nidulantes ochraceusA. . ochraceu s CBS14368 i IBT2049 553.77 s CBS1 sec t A. s T A A s T Nidulantes A .ochraceuochraceus PPRI6826 sec s t A . sCBS151.66 CBS612.78 CBS653.73 sec Nidulantes A ochraceus ceus CBS536. i T ect Flavi CBS12625 Tsec pallidofulvusA. s esburgensis CBS129201 2 sec Nidulantes A .ostianuochraceus CBS511.6 sec T t pallidofulvusA. CBS640.78T i tumidu s PPRI3165 Nidulantes A . CBS13217 sec A. pallidofulvu. ostianu s t A. CCF568 sec pluriseminatu . sec Nidulantes westerdĳkiaA. . CBS12591 sec A pallidofulvu Rsec 8 t A T Nidulantes A melleus. sec A tFlavi EF652066 EF651920 EF652009 EF651947 CBS496.65 CBS129190T affinis CircumdatiA. sect t cretensis CBS112802A. . T muricatuA. A nensi auricomusA. pallidofulvu 6 A. A. sect NRRL3502 sclerotiorum A. .slrtou PI37sc Circumdati sect PPRI8357 sclerotiorum A. .pri CBS persii A. t A

700 Nidulantes subramaniani A. .

t A. .fresenii A. . pluriseminatu CBS271.91 0 Circumdati sect CBS138172T salwaensis A. . CBS143681s westerdĳkiae. NRRL517 sesamicol sec sec t NidulantesNidulantes . A s T westerdĳkia T t Flavi CBS486.65 sec t Nidulantes westerdĳkiae CBS CBS13437 sec t eocrustaceu westerdĳkiae A pluriseminatu 5 t pseudosclerotioru . i s A sec westerdĳkiae PPRI5061 CBS426.93 t Nidulantes s Flavi Flavi westlandensi A. ruber sclerotioru CBS530.65 . FRR3425 1 sec

s F t Nidulantes bridgeri 7 5 Nidulantes CBS109.46s s sec t sNRRL NRRL451s t t A curvatu CBS140608 9 sec t Nidulantes T CBS351.81 Nidulantes CBS108.08Ts CBS14367 sec t savan 7 sec sec Nidulantes Candidi CBS143672T 65 sect sec Flavi Flavi Nidulantes tCandidi Candidi s 2 0 sec t Candidi CBS103.07s purpureocrustaceu s sec t Nidulantes CBSs sec F stercorarius CBS428.93T CBS138.55 T t Nidulantes t Candidi 4sec t botswanensi recurvatu T Nidulantes NRRL3503 9 Tsec desertorum t Candidi NRRL522 sec lavi . . T sec t tCandidi Candidi PPRI6816 T Flavi A. s CBS140626 sec t 1 . . CBM Candidi t s Candidi T Candidi . CBS952.97 sect t Candidi PPRI2601 t A .purpur t A. re CBS198.8 t Candidi PPRI633 sec A sect Nidulantes sec PPRI6165 sec sec CBS120.55T t Candidi CBS546.65T sect A A 0 sec 4 T Flavi IFM55265 t sec tFlavit Flavi Flavi A T sec sect sect A 1340 sec s sIBT2355 sect sect sCBS1 t Flavi . recurvatu s 1 sec 0 sec s 117.5 sec sect Candidi CBS137324a sec sec 8 s falconensi 4 sect Candidi CBS550.65T t 9 s sIBT1226 8 sec CBS350.81 41 Flavi t A sec 5 t t T sec . fruticulosu CBS133.60 CBS130.48 4 CBS 1 Tsec MRC332 5sec sec CMV012D t Flavi latilabiatus sect Candidi sect Flavi 3 sect eCBS NRRL4748 sec Flavi Flavi CBS200.7 CBS eCBS 18.3 A . CBS549.65Tsec m T sec Flavi . T Circumdati sect 112795T CBS467.65 Flavi s 4 9 t t 7 sect Candidi A s T 2 3 A violaceu CBS CBS 7sectFlavi Fla Flavi PPRI870 sec sect 1368 s T navahoensi. sec s i 1 5sect cristatu s CBS283.67 18.51 t . 14.2 5 2sec 5sect t CBS191.77 CircumdatiCBS137321T sect 1 12790 sec A losu 1 CBS138230 omanensis PPRI20935 sec 3 sec vi Flavi Flavi sec A CBS589.65 CBS240.9 sec12808T Tsect s 1 sect Circumdati sec t .jaipurensis rugulosu iMRC41 CCF164 112804 Circumdati sect s 11279 sec t Flavi 12803T Circumdati sulphureoviridiA. . s CBS492.65 iMRC308 aurantiopurpureus A 13 UTHSCSADI15 m t Flavi CBS591.65T CBS467.8 t . rugulosus 6 t . spinulosporu A rugu s CBS853.96 PPRI26342 pachy Circumdati Flavi tFlavi rugulosu 2sec Circumdatit tCircumdati A pachycristatus. s s Circumdati sect T Flavi . . s CBS1 CBS125.55 sect CBS14298 Circumdati CCF3962 t A .pachycristatu . . rugulosus tritic CBS348.81 sec . s CCF465 Circumdati . A T s CBS937.7 tritic 0sec sec Circumdati

A A Circumdati sect T A A A rugulosurugulosu . tritici s CBS14298 T s s etCircumdati sect T Circumdati A CBS14298 Circumdati sect 5 A s IBT19404T sect Candidi . striatus . 1 . CBS567.65 Circumdatisect A sect Circumdati sec sec nidulan Circumdati t A .latus A 4sectCircumdati A. A. nidulans nidulan A sec Circumdatit . t tCircumdatiCircumdati corrugatufoveolatus. CBS279.81 A sec Circumdati A t

. Circumdati sect T t A A. tCircumdati tCircumdati A. A. tritici CBS266.81T Circumdati A t Circumdati Circumdatit Circumdati t KX450907 KX450889 KX450902 KX450894

Circumdati

quadrilineatu campestri coprophilu A. pragensi quadrilineatu dobrogensis CCF4651T quadrilineatu dobrogensis CBS225.80 . quadrilineatu . candidus CBS566.65T sec . . A. pragensi A. mallochii DAOMC146054 . quadrilineatus CBS A. candidus NRRL58579 sect Candidi . . quadrilineatu . A . quadrilineatus A 99/* A A A A. coprophilus . A. taichungensi A A A A. canariensis PPRI6060 A . canariensis CBS142983 sec A. A. subalbidus CBS138194 A

A. subalbidus A. canariensis A. quadrilineatus A

A. A. verruculosus CBS14266

etCircumdati sect T T A. appendiculatus CBS374.75 HE615132 HE801333 HE801318 HE801307

A. proliferans NRRL62497 FR851850 FR851855 HE578090 HE578107

92/* A. proliferans DTO322A2 LT670966 LT671145 LT671146 LT671147

A. proliferans CCF4789 LT670969 LT671154 LT671155 LT671156 99/* A. proliferans PPRI6735 MK451496 T A. proliferans CBS121.45 EF652064 EF651891 EF651988 EF651941

98/* A. aurantiacoflavus CCF5391 LT670918 LT670996 LT670997 LT670998 */* A. aurantiacoflavus CCF5394 LT670919 LT670999 LT671000 LT671001 T A. aurantiacoflavus CBS141930 LT670917 LT670993 LT670994 LT670995 T 97/* A. glaucus CBS516.65 EF652052 EF651887 EF651989 EF651934 */* 97/* A. glaucus NRRL121 EF652055 EF651890 EF651992 EF651937 T */* A. brunneus CBS112.26 EF652060 EF651907 EF651998 EF651939 T 98/* A. niveoglaucus CBS114.27 EF652058 EF651905 EF651993 EF651943 T */* A. neocarnoyi CBS471.65 EF652057 EF651903 EF651985 EF651942

A. neocarnoyi EXF10029 LT670955 LT671109 LT671110 LT671111 T A. levisporus CBS141767 LT670950 LT671094 LT671095 LT671096 T A. cibarius KACC46346 JQ918177 JQ918180 JQ918183 JQ918186

A. montevidensis PPRI26035 MK451447

A. montevidensis PPRI8674 MK451444

A. montevidensis PPRI6330 MK451443

A. montevidensis MRC1250 MK951923

97/- A. montevidensis PPRI4851 MK451445

A. montevidensis CCF4248 HE974461 HE801339 HE974442 HE974422 */* T */* A. montevidensis CBS491.65 EF652077 EF651898 EF652020 EF651964 x4 90/* A. montevidensis CCF5379 LT670951 LT671097 LT671098 LT671099 */.98 A. montevidensis CMV012H4 MK451446

*/* A. intermedius CBS377.75 HE974459 HE974432 HE974437 HE974425 T A. intermedius CBS523.65 EF652074 EF651892 EF652012 EF651958 T A. porosus CBS141770 LT670961 LT671130 LT671131 LT671132

99/* */* A. porosus CBS375.75 LT670963 LT671136 LT671137 LT671138

A. porosus PPRI3419a MK451495

A. porosus PPRI3419b MK451494 T A. caperatus CBS141774 LT670922 LT671008 LT671009 LT671010

A. chevalieri PPRI13427 MK451336

A. chevalieri PPRI3791 MK451333

A. chevalieri PPRI5410 MK451337

A. chevalieri PPRI6331 MK451335

92/.98 A. chevalieri PPRI26034 MK451339 s A. chevalieri PPRI26554 MK951911

u T 97/- EF652068 EF651911 EF652002 EF651954

l A. chevalieri CBS522.65 l

i A. chevalieri PPRI26000 MK450979 MK451332

g A. chevalieri PPRI26033 MK451338 r A. chevalieri PPRI4908 MK451334 99/* e A. chevalieri PPRI26348 MN031422

p */* A. chevalieri CBS141769 LT670927 LT671023 LT671024 LT671025

s 99/* x4 A. chevalieri DTO092D3 LT670929 LT671029 LT671030 LT671031

A T A. cristatus CBS123.53 EF652078 EF651914 EF652001 EF651957

*/- A. wentii PPRI26048 MK451570

A. wentii PPRI26349 MK951914

A. wentii CBS130.49 FJ531071 FJ531036 FJ531114

A. wentii CBS118.34 FJ531072 FJ531037 FJ531113 98/* A. wentii CCF3365 FR727118 FR775319 HE661599 99/* T A. wentii CBS104.07 EF652151 EF652106 EF652131 EF652092

98/* A. wentii PPRI25999 MK451569 T */* A. europaeus CBS134393 LN908996 LN909006 LN909007 94/- A. europaeus CBS134392 LN908995 LN909004 LN909005 T */* A. chrysellus CBS472.65 EF652155 EF652109 EF652136 EF652090

A. chrysellus NRRL5085 EF652156 EF652110 EF652137 EF652091

99/- A. dimorphicus PPRI26031 MK450646 MK451263 MK451508 MK450799 */* A. dimorphicus CCF1871 FR727119 FR775318

A. dimorphicus CCF5044 LT158494 97/.99 T A. dimorphicus CBS649.74 EF652154 EF652111 EF652135 EF652096 */* 91/* T A. sepultus CBS257.85 FJ531074 FJ531023 FJ531101

97/* A. dimorphicus CMV012C9 MK450634 MK451246 MK451357 A. esporlensis CBS142750 LT798908 LT798933 LT798934 LT798935 T A. ﬂaschentraegeri CBS108.63 EF652150 EF652113 EF652130 EF652102 95/* T */* A. gorakhpurensis CBS648.74 EF652145 EF652114 EF652126 EF652097 x4 i 82/* A. gorakhpurensis CBS113230 FJ531057 FJ531015 FJ531097

e T A. stromatoides CBS500.65 EF652146 EF652122 EF652127 EF652098 */* */* FJ531046 FJ531002 FJ531085

m A. stromatoides CBS113231 99/* T

e A. itaconicus CBS115.32 EF652147 EF652118 EF652140 EF652103

r T */* A. cremeus CBS477.65 EF652149 EF652120 EF652125 EF652101

C A. cremeus NRRL4518 EF652148 EF652119 EF652124 EF652100 T A. insolitus CBS384.61 KY980622 KY980550 KY980586 KY980447 0.09

Fig. 1. Multigene phylogeny of Aspergillus sect Aspergillus and Cremei based on a combined ITS, BenA, CaM and RPB2 dataset. Strains identiﬁed during this study are shown in black text and reference strains in grey text. GenBank accession numbers for ITS (green), BenA (blue), CaM (maroon) and RPB2 (purple) are given behind strain numbers. Branch support in nodes higher than 80 % bs and/or 0.95 pp are indicated above thickened branches (T = ex-type; * = 100 % bs or 1.00 pp; - = support lower than 80 % bs and/ or 0.95 pp).

266 ASPERGILLUS IN SOUTH AFRICA

ITS |BenA | CaM | RPB2 A. ochraceus NRRL419 EU021609 EU021662 EU021680 EU021645 .caaoaiu B446Tsc Clavati sect CBS474.65T clavatonanicus A.

A .posadasensiA.

A rhizopodus A. acanthosporus CBS558.71T sec .posadasensiA. .acanthosporus

.lnieiaCBS187.7 longivesica A.

ogvsc CBS530.71 longivesica .

.giganteus CBS526.65TClavati sect A.

.rhizopodu A.

.ggnesCBS515.65 giganteus A. A .giganteu A.

iatu PI61 etClavati sect PPRI26019 giganteus .

.clavatuA. .giganteusA. Aspergillus .seifertiiPPRI2602A.

.clavatusA. CBS334.67 Clavati sect Aspergillus Aspergillus A Aspergillus

.sietiPPRI321 seifertii A. .clavatusA. PPRI26493 sec Aspergillus t A. sublevispo t .clavatuA. Aspergillus A. similanensi .clavatus .clavatuA. A clavatusA. PPRI26045 t A clavatuA. clavatusA. .clavatusA. PPRI13832 sect Clavati denticulatu.

.clavatusA. PPRI8552 sect sec . A sec Aspergillus

A 5 sect Aspergillus t Aspergillus A. tasmanicus CBS283.66 A A. A. huiyaniae fennelliae CBS598.74T sect A t A . clavatus. PPRI13831 sec A . . clavatus PPRI1465 . Aspergillus sCBS CBS450.75T T otanii NRRL32571R clavatus Aspergillus A ferenczii. CBS121594 clavatu s sec IMI351309 s t A. unilateral clavatus PPRI17069 CBS513.65Ts A A 5 sect Aspergillussec t Aspergillus Aspergillus A. caatingaensis.marvanovae IFM61335T sect Fumigati A. FMR12322s Clavati sect FMR12168T sec Aspergillus t . . CBS447.65 A CBS514.6s AspergillusAspergillus Aspergillus Aspergillus A waksmanii NRRL179T sect sPPRI2604 CBS236.81 Clavatisect nishimura assulatu t t Aspergillus A. pernambucoensis IFM61 turcosus. PPRI26495s MRC453 t multiplicatus. CBS646.95 sect Aspergillus t Aspergillus t Aspergillus Aspergillus Aspergillus sec A A. ru Tsec sect AspergillusAspergillus PPRI4976 sect Clavati 119.4 t A A sKU t t PPRI21896s sec 1 sect Aspergillus sec Aspergillus . PPRI6330 sec PPRI8674 T s CBS652.73Ts sect Fumigati sec . galapagensis CBS117522Tstramenius CBS498.65. Aspergillus t EF661419 EF661322 EF661381 EF661302 A PPRI9818 sect Clavati sec sect Aspergillus 9 t pernambucoensis IFM6134 s PPRI4851 sect Aspergillus A. auratus CBS466.65Ttsunodae CBS128796 sect sec 1 elsenburgensi. IFM57847 sec 4 3 Tsec sect Aspergillus Aspergillus Aspergillus 7 sec A. ochraceus TsectClavati CBS108.08 7sectClavati T Aspergillus A. australensis CBS FA0012T sect Fumigati 8 t t sCBS126.56Tis sect FumigatisIBT279 1 9 5sec t Aspergillus Aspergillus A. auratus NRRL4379 5sec sec Aspergillus e s CBS523.65T sect Aspergillus t t 0

sec A Clavati sect Clavati sect Aspergillust KACC42091 sect sec Aspergillus CBS141774T sec etClavatisect t 98/* . NRRL62486T sect FumigatiIFM54133 5sectClavati sec sec Aspergillus A. papuensi 2 t 40 A. solicola PPRI3419 sect t Aspergillus brevistipitatu sec PPRI379 sec sec A. PPRI26033 sect Aspergillus t tClavati tClavati T T Tsec sec sect Clavati O092D tClavati 6 sect Clavati Clavatit i PPRI26000 CCF539 sec 1 0 sect Clavati tClavati i PPRI5410 sect Aspergillus CCF539 T tClavati Clavati T O322A2 sec conversis CBS1 IFM57609 CBS141930 T sec Aspergillus tClavati 14.27T 9 A. shendaweiiA. IFM576 Tsect sect Clavati tClavati i PPRI13427 sect T s sec t sec D CCF478 1 1 lus A. neoglab 11T sect PPRI673 s Aspergillus T i Aspergillus Tsect sect Clavati D 2 Tsect s NRRL6249 12.26 Aspergillus t montevidensis shendawei montevidensis s montevidensi CBS121.45 sect Fumigati montevidensis CCF4248 sect s sec A t Clavati sCBS123.53 1 t tClavati . s . montevidensis MRC1250 sect . porosus CBS141770T Aspergillus s sectT Fumigati t . s . Fumigati CBS 1

A. cervinus CBS537.65T sect Cervini sect A. montevidensis PPRI2603 . A. Fumigati A A Clavati A NRRL35723T s A A. montevidensis CBS491.65T sect Aspergillus Aspergillus A. hiratsukaeA neoglaber PPRI19190 NRRL3434 CBS841.96Ts sectT Fumigati A. montevidensis CCF5379 sec . porosus PPRI13419 sect Aspergillus PPRI2994 sec A. montevidensis CMV012H4 sect MRC123 A. intermediu Fumigati A. intermedius CBS377.7 sec A s t A. porosus CBS375.75 sect Aspergillus chevalier T Tsec neo. A. porosus PPRI2634 s A A. hiratsuka A. caperatus CBS CBS471.65 s Aspergil Tsect Fumigati A. chevalieri PPRI26554 sect Aspergillus CBS516.65 sect A. hiratsukaeA. hiratsukae PPRI917 A. chevalieri PPRI6331 sec EXF1002 T Fumigati A. chevalieri PPRI26034 sect Aspergillus NRRL12 i s MRC46 t CBS135454 TsectFumigati A. chevalieri CBS142376 Aspergillus Fumigati A. chevalier s i s MRC455 Aspergillus 112.55T sect Fumigati342 Tsec A. s sec T A. thermomutatu er CBS111.55T sect Fumigati Fumigati A. chevalieri CBS522.65 s CBS141767 s UTHSCSADI16 A. chevalieri s t A. chevalieri PPRI4908. chevalieri sect CBS14176proliferan glaber NRRL18 A. chevalier s 9 ei A IFM57610i sect Fumigati A. chevalieri PPRI26348 proliferan s sec sect Fumigati A . Cremei ei A. therm A . 35457T sect T A. chevalier . proliferan sect sec A. cristatu . proliferan proliferan sec sec A . aurantiacoflavus T m A. hiratsukaA. hiratsuka hiratsukae. hiratsuka sect3 Fumigati Fum A sect Fumigati Fumigatit A . aurantiacoflavu T A. spathula A . aurantiacoflavu A . glaucu CremCremei Fumigatit A . glaucu sect t Cremei Cre Cremei A t A . brunneu t e CBS294.93T sect Fumigati A . niveoglaucu T Cremei t t . igati A . neocarnoy i CBS141773CGMCC3.0396 s CBS374.75 i A t A . neocarnoy eudoglaucu CBS138177 t Cremei spa 1 Tsectsect ec A . i PPRI342 mei A. del omutatus PPRI19185 sec 1T Fumigati levisporu i sec t Cremei .pse A . pseudoglaucu i sect sec sec CremeiCremei i e Fumigatit A ps 4sec t t A A . 5 sec t A A. duri t A. . 9 2 T Cre . h CCF398 sect Fumigati Fumigati A . pseudoglaucupseudoglaucu DAOMC146054 8 sec t u . A. ul t s eD ePPRI326CCF4102 sec A microperforatu CBS530.65 sec sec Creme qua b ic us 3sectFumigaFumigati A microperforatu CBS101748i 9 sec t do revipes C a CBS208.92 sect Fumigati Fumigati . r KACC46346 18.3 CremeiCremei at A. . r 30.4 9 5 T t mei EF661420 EF661323 EF661363 EF661303 ts A zutongqi sec t Creme vi tu N TO237B6 s dri ur u 2 A . zutongqi sec Cremei ridi ca s CBS101754s NRRL20550RR NRRL1283 sect sect Fumigati A. sloani. zutongqi CBS104.07 1 ec Cremeit remei A rube 599 s Cremei Cre A. ochraceus sect Fumigati NRRL35035 u . i CCF336 sec T t c u A rube t sect t C A in ta 8 A . i CBS1 4 t A. specien lis CBS L . appendiculatu i CBS1 1 sec . utan ct e 20 sect A mallochi RI2 3 sec T mei f A A cibariu i PPRI2604 CBS134393 9 sec sec e rank us CBMF BS118.53T 0sec t A. . i PPRI2634s CBS13439 sec .v 549 . wenti s 49.74T 0 Cremei A. viridinutan A. Tsec FumigatiFumigati A wenti i PP NRRL508 0 T Cr i A. felis s sect Fumigati A . CBS472.65CCF187 t A st rid NRRL62904C Fumigatit Fu A . s A. . fe B 481 T ti A wenti aeu s 012C sect A on i sect F t m . wenti llu 1323 sec a n li s S13A0 Fumigati A. wenti s CCF504CBS6 V 1 1 Cremei ecilum arcoverden. rc e u s s tFumigati A wenti PPRI260 T t A ar ns ta D .65 T e igati A. . wentii s . o CBS1CB T 933T sec ct europaeu CM CBS108.63 Cremei arcover covev n O175H5.52 s A i sec t e is sDT Tsecs e Fumigatiumigati A. . europ tus s CBS 1323 A rd S e c A . chryse CBS257.85 1 T Cremei A .w s C 130 c t Fumigati . chrysellu s s CBS14275s sec t Polypa . r e B T t F A s CBS648.74 A. w densisns CB O 3024 A . dimorphicus BS T errei wyomyom S142 Tsectsec tFuFumumigati A . sepulimorphicu 5.32 T d s i 327G4 sec2 3 C 1 secsect A. A. e i s PPRI7491S1 4 t A . d s CBS500.651 8 t y ingensinsi sC 5 4secsect t F A . dimorphicu T w wy omi 2 2 F u mi igati A . urensi s A y ingens B PP Tsec miga sepultu sec .wyom s 7 33 Fumigatiumig g A . dimorphicu 80/- om n C S . toide T erreirrei g 1 R 56 T t F a A . esporlensi errei T e ing i e BS139139187TI7 sect Fumi F umi t A . flaschentraegerakhp s CBS T T om n nsis s CCF5 T s t ti i A CBS477.65 t errei i A. siamensisA. e g is PPRI 514 se e t Fumigatumigat a gorakhpurensioma s T ing n e c F gat ti A. . gor u t Terrei siame s nsis CCF417 sec c t umigati A . str sNRRL451CBS384.61124230sec 4sectsectc t e i PP t Fumigati A . e Terre A. n s 8 s Fumigati i stromatoide s 5 s ec t erreirrei s NR 6 8 ect tFu A . itaconicu 4 s T e a i R 5 40 i A . CBS t T i A crensis n sC I5 573 sect Fse i creme olitui 7 sec . A sis R 1 Fu m A . cremeu UAB5 A aureolu. CF441L 7 se ct Fu A i 2 sec errei erre . a K I 6 8s m ig . ins i IBT2638 3 sectT T MK451475 c ct Fumigati a ren U FM 290 igatia A . horta IBT1674 5 t t A. ur 0 ti A ta i IBT1674 eo IFM57291FC 61 secte Fumigati m g A. i RI990753 erreiTerreiei sec rrei A. ochraceus A s 7 c Terrei PPRI6816 7 i ati . hortahor rta PPRI870 T t e A. aureolus. a CBS137453lus s is s 634 1 Tssect t u g A . i I25991sect err T t T errei A. aureour N CCF 5 F migat at ho PP t T e CBSR 7sec u i A . horta i PPRIR sec sec errei ud olus RL20 9T ect miga A . i 627 sect0 sec T A. u 4 Fum PP 4 9 sect38921 T 5 sec t erreii a lus 96 T sec Fumigati i A .hortahorta i IBT 4 3 T A g PPRI34105.55T t t A . orta i O6I sec t A . d aw PPRI 64 1sectsec Fumigatigati i A h UABT 4 c erre .udu ag ae t Fumi . i CBS1 se errei A dagawaeaw 3se tF A . horta a i D s 0 T . aga 1 A horta a CBS134.6 IBT2638 t A u ae I PP 129751 sect u . hort i eu s sect T .u dagawaw R se ct FumigFumigam g A . i PPRI586u NRRL191 0 sec ae C I11 ct Fumigat ig ati i A s PPRI746 0 Terrei A daga FM54132 at . horthorta s T1459 t errei i . u IFM 32 se i A . terre T A. u dagaww eDTOB ct Fum ti A . horta IBT645 sec ct erre a S1 5 4 ect at A citrinoterr s e t T rei A A. d e 413 sect Fum i . NRRL26 s er .udu ag DT 42 Fu iga A . citrino terreus IBs sec T dagawaea CCa 3 2311ssec i i o 32 t Terrei A. uda a waee CCF447O 08H F m gat ti A . citrinoterreu 9 t errei A. ud g 166D6 s ect t F um igat A citrinoterreuerreu sec T rei awae P 6 sec umigati i A. CBS125.38 2 sec t gawae DT CC se Fumigatigati i .citrin s 7 tTer A. udagawaeaga CCF5634 F44 t A . citrinoterreutrinot PPRI209 secc errei c Fu A reu s 5 t T rei i A A. u wae P F4 6 ec tF mig i .ci PPRI2602 se er e .ud RI2603 91 se tFuu A ter PPRI867 27 sec T r d 479 s s c migaat A. s 3 ct Ter A. udaag aga DTOO283D ec t Fu m i PPRI2599118.37 t erreirei a t iga ti A. terreuterreus s CBS594.6 2sesec t T er A wa wa 0 0 ec F m A. terreu s BS 7 c T A. . uda gaw e e CCF 06 3ssec tFumiumi ig ti . RI10 se t rei fum A. CBS1 A3 t ati A terreurreu sC RI828602 sec TerreiTerreier MK451476 ud gawaa e Fumigatig . e 2 86 t t i is e s ct ati A t usPPPP 0 T c ec rre rrei yn agaw CBS111 5638 ec Fum gati A. s RI se s sectT Te Te A. ochraceus 421 1 PPRI6335 eD se tF . terreu u 5 t ne A terree s PP .2 12 T ct c A. matuae TO019D87 sectct um ig PPRI13 .55 se se len D 42 T sect FumigF ati A. terr reu T13 0 9 i 1 */* 1 umigatiigati . us 0 5 A. tulus DsIFM4TO019D 8sectFuF A ter e s CBS601.65B 6 re 7 rrei lent um . CBS106usI 4 Ter Te A. lentuA. u ig A terr eu s n CBS13RL ct rei i len lu T 22 7 se ati A. terr u ica NR e CBS142er sect A tulu sPPRO1 77T s ct Fummi . r anus 3s t T T Terre . l 7 ect Fumi ati A . terre ric us 0 ew c ct rrei A len usCBsPPRI7539A4 sect F gati A neoaf f I99 n se se Te ei .l tu I61 igati . fricanR 9 0 t err A entu lus S 7 sec A neoa PP 422 1238905 sec t T i A. n .len l NRR11 0 se t umigatiga A. ti unneus BS 89 erre o A. t us 78 2 ct Fu ti . neoae br s C 91 sec t T rei vofumiglentululus KACC4KACC41393L 85 se Fumigam A fim eti e PPRI s PPRI91 41 er A. no 35551T ct igati A. i PPRI I87 6 sec t T rei u se F 20 sec Ter i A v at sNR s ctFumiumi A. fimheldtia PPR 9 7 t rrei Terre . fu ofu usCB 13 ec ga ti A. eudoterreu sis PRI 74 sec Te ct A m mig RL 92 se tFumigti . ps allabamens s P 6 t se .fumigatiiga a S1 3555 ctF gati A f llabamensis PRI8I869 1 A. tiaffi tusC 17 sec um A.cf a is P 9sec298 rrei fum n CF40520 3sectt F ati . c s PPR I897 14 Te ei A iga affinis PPR T um igati A cf allabamenlabamensimen is R S ect err A. .fu 78 s sec F igati . al ens PP w CB 2 s tT fum mig tiaffi is CCF44I3 t um A cf llaba m is ne 49 sec ei A. ig at ni 210 e Fumigatiigati A. f a ba us err fum atia iaffi s CCF44 s ct Fumi . c alla amensat T i A. fumigatiafigat ffin nisI 99 ec A cf lab c s PPRI7 erre is CBS11718B se t Fu gati A. f al nsi PPRI91849secttT iaffin T131382s ct m . c antiosule is 15F sec t Terreirrei A. is ect FumiFumigatiiga A aur ns F8 sec t Te MK451474 PPRI13 1s ti me DTO 8 spin finis PPR 6 ec A. cf alabamba is TO15 sec ei A. osus CBS Ts tF g A. lla D 93T err A. ochraceus s T PPRI26013 spin 09 ec umi ati cfa si PRI260256 ei A osus I130 0s t F g A. labamens P 2 sect err .laci 48 89 secect F umi ati . a bamennsis BS1 702 t T errei A.l nio NRR 3.65T u ga A ala e C 2 3 sec ct T ac sus PPRI3L325 t Fumimiga ti A. abam ensis IBT1 56 se rrei A.l iniosus 69 secsec ti . al am sis 22 4 t Te acin t Fumi gati A b sIBT I2599 6 sec Terrei A.la iosu PPR 247 tF A. ala amen i 9 ect A. cinio s I3 se u gati alab sis PPR 10 s i lacinio s PPRI3847197s sect ct F mig A. labamensen PPRI259 erre A. sus usPPRI3 ec umigatiati a bam sis RL298ct T rrei lacin C t F A. alla en NR 6 se Te A. ios BS117721417 sect umigat A. abam s sect i lacin us KACC416 Fumig i . all mensi T2255 7T Terre A. laci iosu Ts Fu ati A ba s IB 116.3 sect nios s KA ect mig A. ala cosu CBS 27T errei A. takakiius KA CC4 57 sec Fum ati . floc us 115. ct T i A. C 164 t igati A occos BS t Terre lacin C C4164 4se Fumiga A. fl C L515 sesec rrei iosus K BMFA 884T4a ct Fumig t NRR 1 Te 87/* i 475 A A sect F A. niveusveus RL sect errei .fischeri CC41657 sec um ati . ni s NR L1955 T ei A. N t F igati A niveu RR .91 sect t Terr fisch RRL4585a sec umiga A. eusN ec errei A.fisceri NR t Fu ti niv CBS471 .49s T A her RL40 sect migati A. eus BS111 T sect rei . fischeri i NRR 75sectFum A. niv eus C ct Ter CBS L416 Fumigigati carn CBS494.658 se i A. fisch 54 1 se A. rneus ctTerrei eri 4.65 ct Fumigatiati A. ca s NRRL29928se Terre A. fi s PPRI4 T sect arneu 4sect Ter rei FJ491587 BenA KJ775051 FJ491526 ch 5 F . c NRRL1 9 A. eri PP 07se umigat A us 87 se ct i fischeri RI3488 ctFumig i A. carne us PPRI130RI89 Terre A. ochraceus e CBS118.32 A. PPRI se ati dii PP 1sect fischeri 341 ctFum A.carnahaba PRI875 Terrei A. A.fis PPRI 8 sect F igati .cfall adii P sect i oerlingh cheri P 3428 umigati A lahab RI7534 Terre ausensi PRI260 sect Fum A. cfal adii PP 94 sect tTerrei A. sCBS1 26 s e igat llahab PPRI91 sec fumiga 39183T secctFumig i A. a i S142987 ct Terrei A.fu tus NRRL5587 t ati allahabadi new CB 6 se migatus Fumiga A. joricus S14298 errei A. fum CBS133.61T sesect Fu ti A. ma snew CB sect T igatus migati . majoricu 4101 errei A. fu DTO266 ct F umigati A habadii NRRL 574 s ect T i migatusN H1 sec t Fu A. alla sect Terre A.fumigatu RRL164 migati ahabadii PPRI5 63T i s PPR sect Fum A. all badii CBS164. sect Terre A. fu migatu I20934 sect Fu igati A. allaha 139561T i A. s PPRI10498 migati nicus CBS 0sect Terre fumigatus sect F A. ira CBS13956 Terre i A. PPRI12665 umigati iranicus 75T sect fumigatus PPRI1 sect Fumigati A. cus CBS444. t Terrei A. fumi 3084 sectFumig A. neoindi s CBS265.81sec i gatusPPRI10 ati . aureoterreu sect Terre A.fumi 161 sect Fumigat A oterreusPPRI13096 rrei gatus PP RI3505se i A. cf aure 503.65T sec t Te A. fumigatus ct Fumigati aureoterreus CBS es PPRI5090 sect Fu A. F4032 sect Flaviped A. fumigatus DTO2 migati A. iizukaeCC t Flavipedes 67H1sect Fumigati ae CMFISB2417 se c A. fumigatus PPRI10499 A.iizuk sect Flavipedes A. fumi sect Fumigati A. iizukaeCBS541.69T EF661422 EF661325 EF661395 EF661305 gatus CM s V015C5 sect Fumigati ukaePPRI4965 sectFlavipede A. fumigatus CMV015C3 A. iiz ect Flavipedes A. ostianus sect NRRL5225 Fumigati BS138188Ts A. f umigat A. capensisC us PPRI25998 sect F umigati A. templicola CBS138181T sectFlavipedes A. fumigatus PP RI4975 sect Fumigati A. urmiensis CBS139558T s ect Fl avipedes A.fumigatusPPRI8527 sect Fumigati A. ardalensis CC F4031T sect Flavipedes A. fu migatus PPRI3283sect Fumigati A. flavipes NRR L302T sect Fl avipedes A. fumigatus PPR I25993 s ect Fumigati A.micronesiensis NRRL295 sectFla migati vipedes A. fu migatusPPRI13252 sect Fu A. micr onesiensis CBS138183T sect Flaviped 479sect Fumig ati A. neoflavipe es A. fumigatus PPRI3 ti sCBS260.73T sect Fla vipedes sPPRI10162 s ect F umiga A. polyporicola NRRL3268 A. fumigatu Fumigati A. sp 3Tsect Flavipedes umigatus DTO244G3 sect elaeus CCF4425T sec A.f 9 sect Fumigati A. janus CB t Flavipedes A. fumigatus CMV015D S118.45T sect Jani I8522 sect Fumigati A.flavus PPRI1814 A. fumigatusPPR ctFumigati A. flavus P 3 sect F lavi V015C2 se PRI26345 sec A. fumigatus CM 78sect Fum igati A. fl avus PPRI t Flavi T PPRI34 ati 18161 A. fumigatus sect Fumig A. flavus P P sect Flavi 99/* C435 i A. flav RI22482 sec A. fumigatus MR 5sectFumigat us PPR t Flavi atusPPRI852 Fumigati A. flavu I8551 sect Fl A. fumig 5C1sect ati sPPRI18712 avi sCMV01 ct Fumig A. flavus CMV sect Fl A. fumigatu PRI8523 se migati A. flav 015C7 avi EF661421 EF661324 EF661385 EF661304 usP Fu us PPRI20581 sesec A. f umigat 560 sect igati A. fla tFlavi gatus PPRI8 sect F um vus CMV ct F A. ostianus l CBS103.07 mi 06 A av A. fu PPRI260 t Fumigati . flavus 015C9 se i atus 15D8 sec migati A. fla PPRI26 ct Flavi A. fumig 0 sect F u ti vus PPRI260032sect atus CMVRI8558 miga A. flavu 3 Flavi A. fumig s PP 4sect Fu i A. s PPRI1 6 sect Flavi 739 sect Spars flavus 8144s A. fumigatu 61T Usti A. flavu CMV015 ect Fla A. fumigatus PPRICBS139. 04T sect A sCBS C6 s vi us S1239 ctusti . flavu 110.5 ect Flav A. spars us CB 1234se t usti A. fla sCBS 5 sec i oust s MRC 3sec ti vus MRC 574.6 t Flavi A.pseud doustu 3 ct Us A. fla 13 5 sect . pseu tus MRC1280se sti A. vus M 17 s Flavi A dous S1143 sect U flavu RC373 ect Fla pseu s CB 01T t Usti A. fl sMR 2 se vi A. oustu 6 3sec ti A avus C174 ct Flav .calid s CBS1211535 ct Us . flav PPRI1 5 sec i A oustu PRI 28se Usti A. oryzaus PP 8711 se t Flav . calid stusP 132 sect i RI1 c i A lidou CBS1 6 Ust A. flav e CBS108713 t Flavi A. ca PRI897 sect ti 2 A. us P 2 sect sP I9404 tUs flavus PPPRI2600.07T Flavi A. calidoustuseflectu PPR sec sti A. flav sect udod ctus tUsti A us RI2600 1 se Flavi pse efle PPRI5177168 sec U . ory CBS569.653 ct Flav A. eudod tus I9 T sect Usti A.fl zaeN sec i ps s PPR 4 t ti A. avu RR T t Flavi A. deflecflectu cult456 7secUs flavuss PNRRLL45 sec .pseudodode AFC sect ti A. 3 8sec tFlav A eu nsB PPRI51771 t Us ti A flavu PRI 751 t Fl i FJ491566 AY819967 FJ491544 ps us I89 . s 2648 sec av A. uscica flect PR 03sec Us flavu PP t i A.f de tusP RI92 8sect A. fla s PP RI26 6 se Flavi A. pallidofulvus do CBS114.26 seu eflec PP 7 ect Ustiti A vu R 044 ct F A. p od ctus Ts t Us . flavu s CBS I26002 se lavi -/.98 c eud efle us NRRL2.74 sec ti A. fl s 1 t Flavi 99/* od tUsi a PPRI 18 se A. ps ud eflect 889 sec Ust A. fla vus .62 ct F . pse dod CBS756I15 1T t A vu PP 260 sect lavi A eu ectus 245 T sec t Usti . flav sPPRI79RI187 07 Fla A. ps defl s PPR4 ec ti A.fla usPP 1 sec vi o CBS1 16 s t Us A vu 4 s tFlav pseud A. sigurros sec . fl s RI2 77 ect i A. inan CBS123894BT186 T ectUstii A.flavavu PPRI259960 sec Flavi tam nsis sI 842 7 s i A s PPR 04 t Flav con e nsi sect UstUst .fl usP sec i A. sbad ade 6 t i A avu I327 2 t Flavi rlsb rCBS140 5 ec Ust . fla s PR 4secsec A.carla pe tusMRC5596sect ti A. vu PPR I2338 t F A. c PPRI34418 4s t Us A flav s PPRI18I1 9 tF lavi A. asinsue tus F sec . fla us 31 sec lavi A. sue CC 27 sti A. vu CBS 41s tFl .in uetus 19. sectt UstiU ti A flavu sC 1 71 ec av A ns s DTO178C1 25T sec s . fla s BS 176 5 s tFl i A. i etu 7. T ti A.flav PPRI265 3 ect av su s CBS10 37 sect UUs A. us 01.6 8 s Fla i . in 327 T ct fl vu MR 5 ect vi A CBSS1 se tUsti A.flavu s MRC136C25234 sec Fla . insuetu B 666 ec t Usti i A a s 7 s t Flavivi A s C ec st . minisclerovus MRC69 6 ec . insuetusde 142 s sti A. P sec t F A eii CBS209.92BS 7T A m PRI2602 6 s t Flavlav 97/- eioi ev CF41528 sT sectc UtU ti . iniscler 79 ec i . kev sC se Us s A mi se t Flavi i A A. k ricu 3887 7 nte A. . mininisc tigene c FJ491568 FJ491524 FJ491541 dokeveii C RRL6242 secta s otigenes 2sect Fl ali au B4 A afla sc lerot s avi . c sN BS1 9 lante . ler i C t A. pallidofulvus afla CBS112790 A . thes s C t Nidulidu antess A toxi o ge BS Fla A auricu ec l te A . aflatoxift formtigenene IB 1 vi s TO17s tN n es . ox sC T3 176 he sD T sec tNidu A afl ifo a B 2 3 A. t u c dulaant . p atox rm ns s N S 11 3 . germanicu 54.74 e tNiidul es A. iper orm an IB RR 1176351 se se A S7 c N A ce ifor s T ct ctF A. germanicusB DTO179B65T s ct ant . cerealire icol m an CBS14332 L6 F la . germanicC Tsese t Nidulantesul ntes A. ali a anss 07 44 T la vi A s 505.629 T c Nid a ntes A. cereali s CBS143680CBS12 9 4 sec vi ureu s CBS465.65TS 0 65 se t idul la tes A aust CBS CB sec se t eu CB 7. T N u n . aust s IBT3207 679 t ct Fl purp s S14 9 4 ct ula A s 1 S1331. T F Fla avi ian CB 437 5T secse id tes . pa wic CBS14343 62s s la v A. s BS4 6 T N A. w ki 676 2 ec vi i tiobrunn tu C sect Nidt A parasiticurasit ickii i Tsec6 ec t n A. varna us BS13 90. .51 T ec .p CB 0 se 5 s t Fla te ce C 0 9 s A. a icu CBS14S 6 sec c ec Fla vi . aura a s 50 sect Nidulantes A p ra 135 74 tFlt t F tFlaviv A lun sCBS1 5899 7 Nidulantes A .p arass s T Fla la i ridic u L 263 sect Nidulant ulantes . ara iticu s PPR 406 sec a vi vi rgiensiat sCBS11I ec Nidulantesd A p iticu PPRI51 3 vi A. vi A. spebu eol s ulantes A . ar s s I95 677 sec tFl ki r rNRRPPR T sect . pa a iti s PPRI as au s .74 T t Nid A pa rassi cu P 11 T t av . A. NRRL5874 sect Ni A. . tic s PRI s sec Flav i A sperescenberu s PPRI5575 T t Nidulantesntes pa rasitiit u PP 28883 ec a u u s Nidulantes A parasiticur ic s 2 s t t Flavii . bversicoloot HKU49 21sec ct A . as c us PPRI9R 3025 ect Fl A u pr CBS602s 0sec t Nidulantes . soja iticuu PPR I7 sec av . s A. s 3 se Nidula s A p s 97 1 Fl i A protuberotuberu NRRL233 T sec t Nidulantes e A. . sojaarasiticue s PPRI37 5 8 se t Flaviavi . pr s T t CB P I95343 sec se A A. PPRI260RRL5 sec Nidulantes A p s PRI1463 2 ct MK450639 MK451477 7 t A . a e PPRI146 se c Flavi s N 4 sec s . pa ras S t */* s N 1 ct Flavi . protuberu 0 0 sec t Nidulanteslantes A p rasiti R s 0092 54 A. pallidofulvus . CMV012D2 a iticu Flavi A hongkongensienu RL4838 T sec t NidulantNidulantesante A p ras R PPRI951 s . CBS138191R t A. .paraa L1 6 e t Flav A amoenu s N 718 T sec A ras it cu s 8T 4 ct . amo s PPRI26RL3560 tNidu .tratransmontanensicu s PPRI260498 2 se Fl . austroafricanuA . s 028 5T secec t Nidul es A iti 8 s sec c a i A A nu u T s Nidulantes A . siti cu s D ec t vi ntiacu NR s transnsm CBT se 3 t Fl ra en s sec Nidulantes e A .transm cus s O c sec Fl t a amoe 241 8 ect t Nidulantes A . D 2 t a Fl vi . 3 t . tr T S100903C Flav v av A . amo 1 Tssec Nidulantidulantes A spnoansmontanensim onta N O3 6 t F i A iCBS142CBS583.6 t ulant A . ontanensi R lav i amoenu r NRRL239 8 sec N . a R 01E 4 sec i . griseoau . acinus CBS122 9 t A a rac o ne L 2 sec i A A . pepi PPRIRRL476 sec A . r v ntane 643 6 tFl tab i N 2 sec Nidulantes . n ac h nsi is 6 Tse . A sicolo i Nidulantes A no ovop i transmontanen t av A 015B 0 sectct Nid lantes A . h d s M 3 sec Flav ver . fructus CBS593.65 654 7 Nidulantes A . s vo id icol ns MUM1U se ct Flavi i . A i PPRI1266 t Nidulantes serge i s M1 t A . sydowi i i 06 9sesect A . rg para col a is M c Fl i sydowi 1 A . parasi i ras MUMU 0 tFlavi A iCMVPPRI t NiduNidulantes A . kru i a CB s .20 A. wi i T secsect motta ii CBS1a i CB M 0 avi sydow i PPRI381 t Nidulantes A . M siticuti CBS 10.2.22 . sydowi T sec t A . subfl g c S 5 . PPRI13 subfla e ti U u 1 S 1 s A A sydo i PPRI383V008E T sec t NidulantesNidulantes A . r c M10 s 1 17610T 13 0.22 1 ec sydowi i 6 t A . tamari e iPPRu 3 s CBS117 si 11 se A. . 27 Nidulantes A . tama avu s 0017 s 001 t A sydowi CM Tsecsec t Nidulantes CB P CB 6 PP 2 sec c Flavi . dowi i L13150L2 5 t A . tam .2 1 tFlavi A R Nidulantes A . tamar v s PR S1 1 5T s NRRL13147 9 secsec Nidulantes lantes A . tamari i us S13I89 0 T 268 se R e t .sy sydowi 4 sec t a ri C CB I 8 sec I1427 c Flavi A . s NRRNR Nidulantes A . tamari rii i S8 8 928 s sec 2 ct sec tFla A i PPRI280 8 sect t Nidulantes A . tama PPRI281BS 0 ec 6 5 sydowi s t A caelatu i PP S 6 849 t . T sec . i 4 1 0 sec 0 t 0 Fl Flavi t EU021613 EU014096 EF661387 A NRRL22 1 sec Nidulantes A . pseudocaelatu PP 13 1 t F sec 5 F v i T antes A pseudotamari i 3 436836 Flavi a lavi i seniiNRRL58600PPRI632 7 sec t Nidulantes s . r i PPRI2602R b sec lavi T vi sec i t A . pseudotamari i CBS1 R I26 309 Tsect A. pallidofulvus NRRL4748 i PPRI538 A. . no i se F sec t venenatujetkovicijen sec t NidulantesNidulantes A PPRI2 I7 t Flav t . . i 9 sect Nidu nom s 2 c lavi Flavi A cv A nseni ni PPRI1323 0 sec t Nidul A . nomiu m 39 00 7 t T t Fla . je i t Nidulantes A . nomi CBS763.97 sec sec Fla t F A . 1 t Nidulantes es A . no iu 0 2 8 s Fl l i v jenseni jenseni L58675 sec A iu ect avi i . tennesseensi. A eni NRRL3564PPRI373 990 t Nidulantes . nomiu sCBS260 4 se s v a . jense R T sec t Nidulante A . nomiu m s 6 .13 3 ec t t vi A A A s NRRL58592r PRI386 168 sec sec A . 01 FlaviF i . T t A pseudonomiu u s CBS399.9PPRI375 c Flav A r P PRI 3 sec . pseud iu s sec t t la nsi T t NidulantesNidulantes A . s 0 T F . jens rNR P T sec t Nidulantes A pseudonomiu s i Fl vi e sec A . pseudonomiu D i NRRL44CBS sec sec l A crebe T t . luteovirescen s D t a avi i sec A . s T CBS766.97T Flavi crebe. 8 t NidulantNidulantes A bertholletiu D T O226I Tsec v A ebe PPRI1 5 sec t Nidulantes A . coremiiformi D t i . A togoensi. coremiiformi onomiu T O227B . t cr creber r sec t . 88 1 F Flavi A T sec A TO161FO243E . crebereber PPRI508 T A . vandermerwe 3 17616 lav puulaau A A. . cr CBS134396 sec t NidulantesNidulantes A . vandermerwe T . sec t Nidulantes A . vandermerwe sec t A . s CBS140627 8 Nidulantes A . 5 3 3 i A CBS132.55IBT33104 sect Nidulantest . vandermerwei sec Flavi A crebe s T Nidulantes A vandermerwe sCBS sec s s A. vandermerwe. vandermerwei 8 sec se 98/* . i T sec t Nidulantes A . s t T Tsec Nidulantes A 8 A t A . lanosu s sec c Flavit r CBS133.54 RI3840 T t Nidulantes A . alliaceu IBT29228s PPRI506 1 Flavi t sect CBS10270 Nidulantes alliaceu s s sec t t croceu P 9sec sec t A . s IBT1265 sec Flavi 5sect t A . alliaceu NRRL655 sec FlaviFlavi . ungui s P sec Nidulantes A . alliaceu CBS272.89s CBS620.95T t CBS100523 T sec t Nidulantes A . neoalliaceu s 119388 A PPRI554 t A . neoalliaceu NRRL1375 t Flavi t CBS143587s T sec A. . magaliesburgensi Flavi T A. s t Nidulantes A CB t Flavi israelensi s T Nidulantes A . lepori Flavi s t Nidulantes A lepori s Flavi . T sec t Nidulantes A .hancockiaspearensi i Tsec sec Nidulantes A. . aspearensi A mulundens t Nidulantes A . s CBS650.74 i CBS12670 multicolo CBS140607 sec A . avenaceu S553.77 CBS314.89 T Nidulantes A s i NRRL123 3 . . t ochraceusA. . avenaceus 7 T sec Nidulantes A . ochraceu CBS536.65s CBS14368 IBT2049 s t A ochraceus s T A A s T A. . ochraceu PPRI682 i sec t pallidofulvuA. s CBS612.78 sec CBS653.73 pallidofulvuA. . ochraceu T CBS12625 T pallidofulvusA. CMV012D .ostianuochraceu s CBS12920 2 sect Nidulantes A CBS51 sec Tsec t Nidulantes pallidofulvusA. i tumidu s PPRI316 Nidulantes A ochraceus PPRI6335 CBS13217 sec A CBS151.66 s t A sec . m westerdĳkiaeA. CBS11280 . ostianu CBS12591 CCF568 sec tFlavi pluriseminatus NBRC3302 sec westerdĳkiaeA. CBS11279 R 8 t A. Nidulantes A EF661423 EF661328 EF661389 EF661306 melleus. CBS546.65T sec A. t A sesamicola. CBS137324T sec Nidulantes A. T muricatusA. .westerdĳkiapallidofulvus s 6 A auricomusA. A A sect Nidulantes sclerotiorum A. A .pri B129Tsec CBS112795T persii A. t .pseudosclerotioru A.

700 Nidulantes CBS138230 subramanianii A. A

t A Flavi . pluriseminatu CBS271.91 0 Circumdati sect CBS138172T salwaensis A. s sec Nidulantes .westerdĳkiae sect sec A. . s CBS496.65 T t Nidulantes CBS13437 T t Fla CBS486.65 sec . sec Flavit .

ceoirmPR85 sec PPRI8357 sclerotiorum . westerdĳkia rdeiCS5.1 etCircumdati sect CBS350.81T bridgeri . A pluriseminatu Nidulantes Circumdati sect CBS550.65T fresenii . i A. pallidofulvus A t westerdĳkiae CBS640.78 s CBS143681T sec CBS129190afﬁnis CBS426.93 t Nidulantes cretensi s Flavi westlandensi sclerotiorum FRR3425 1 sec . s F 5 t Nidulantes s s 7 9 sec t s CBS140608 9 Nidulantes s 1.6 T t v A CBS351.81 sect t CBS14367 6 sect t savannensi Candidi s CBS109.46 CBS143672 2 sec sec Flavi Flavi i Nidulantes t Candidi Candidi s s s 0 Candidi s NRRL419NRRL451 s CBS140626 sec Nidulantes Candidi s sec sec Flavi stercorarius CBS428.93 T Nidulantes Candidi CBS108.08 4 t botswanensi recurvatu sec Nidulantes Candidi NRRL3503 T desertoru t NRRL522 9 sec 1 . . recurvatu Tsec sec t t PPRI681 s T Flavi . purpureocrustaceupurpureocrustaceuA. s t Candidi CBS103.07 sec Candidi CBS1 1 . Candidi CBM Candidi . s CBS138.55 T Candidi sec tCandidi PPRI2601 t t . A A CBS198.8 IBT2355 sect Nidulantes sec sec s A CBS120.55T sec 0 sect sec 4 TsecPPRI616 Flavi A A. t t IFM55265 t Candidi sec t Flavi Flavi A recurvatu s s CBS952.97 sect Nidulantes sec e A IBT12265 sect Candidi sect sCBS t Flavi sec s s Flavi s 113407 sect Nidulantes 6 sec 0 sec c 117.5 sec sect sect falconensi sect Candidi t s 8 sect Flavi t A. T 5 t t 2sect sect Candidi . fruticulosu CBS133.60 CBS CBS T Flavi latilabiatu MRC332 5 t t Flavi 3 0 eCBS NRRL474 Flavi Flavi CBS200.7 CBS CBS640.78 18.3 A e sec Flavi . T sect Candidi CBS467.65T sect sCBS130.48 4 t Flavi s 7sectCandidi sec

A. s 0sec A CBS CBS 7 3 PPRI870 Flavi Flavi NRRL5175 sec PPRI506 sec B596Tsc CircumdatiCBS549.65T sect sCBS137321T 13684 sect Nidulantes sec NRRL35024 6 114.26 T . violaceu 11279 Tsecsec s 112802T sect Circumdati5 t CBS283.67 1 sec 2 5 T tFlavi 5 A CBS191.77T sec 1 sec Flavi omanensijaipurensi 3 sec MRC418 sect Candidi T A. navahoensi Circumdati sect 12808T t sec sec t sect . . s MRC308 1 sect sect s PPRI20935 sect t Flavi sCBS240.9 CBS853.9 i 12803 Circumdatit A s CBS589.65 i CCF1649 sect sec A UTHSCSADI15 m TsectCircumdati aurantiopurpureu CBS591.65T t Flavi CBS Flavi t . s PPRI2634 t spinulosporu pachycristatusA. rugulosu rugulosu CBS118.51 CCF465 sect Circumdati s CBS492.65T 8sect t t Flavi CBS937.7 CCF4651T 2sectCircumdati0 s CBS225.8 A. sulphureoviridi pachycristatus s CBS125.55 sect CBS142984 Flavi A . . pachycristatus . CCF3962 sect Circumdati Circumdati Circumdati Flavi . A. rugulosus s t Circumdati Circumdati tritic s 0 sec A A. rugulosu tritic T Circumdati A A. A rugulosurugulosus s .tritici 1 s Circumdati A. rugulosu sPPRI606 A . Circumdati sect 4 . striatus latu 1sec . . CBS567.65T sect Circumdatisect A Circumdatisect T sec tCircumdati sect s CBS14266 nidulan sCBS138194sect Circumdati A . A s CBS142982 sec A A. nidulan nidulan A Circumdatisect . t T foveolatus. CBS279.81. A sec Circumdati Circumdati A .triticiCBS266.81 tCircumdati A A Circumdati sect T Circumdatit tCircumdati A A. corrugatu Circumdatit A. Circumdati

sec Circumdati t

Circumdati t

Circumdati

quadrilineatu campestris CBS348.81T . pragensi coprophilus . candidus NRRL58579 quadrilineatu A. pragensis tCircumdati quadrilineatu dobrogensis quadrilineatus . A A subalbidu EF661425 EF661326 EF661391 EF661309 . A. quadrilineatus A. candidus CBS566.65T sec canariensi A subalbidus . quadrilineatu A. A. A. coprophilus CBS14298 . A. dobrogensi A A. quadrilineatus CBS467.8 A. A. canariensi A. . quadrilineatu A A. 3 etCircumdati sect 13T A. melleus CBS546.65 A

A. A. A A. canariensis CBS142983 sect

A. taichungensis IBT19404T sect A. verruculosu */* -/* T A. sesamicola CBS137324 KJ775437 KJ775063 KJ775233

87/- A. westerdĳkiae CBS112791 FJ491570 AY819974 FJ491536

95/- A. westerdĳkiae PPRI8700 MK451572 96/- 99/* A. westerdĳkiae CBS112804 KJ834522 AY819975 FJ491535 99/* T A. westerdĳkiae CBS112803 EF661427 EF661329 EF661360 EF661307 96/* A. westerdĳkiae NRRL5175 EF661428 EF661330 EF661393 EF661308

93/* A. westerdĳkiae PPRI5061 MK451571 T */* A. afﬁnis CBS129190 GU721090 GU721092 GU721091 T 94/* A. cretensis CBS112802 FJ491572 AY819977 FJ491534 EF661311

A. muricatus CBS112808T EF661434 EF661356 EF661377 EF661314 T 85/- A. auricomus CBS467.65 EF661411 EF661320 EF661379 EF661300 T A. westlandensis CBS137321 KJ775434 KJ775066 KJ775230 T */.99 A. sclerotiorum CBS549.65 EF661400 EF661337 EF661384 EF661287 98/* */* A. sclerotiorum NRRL35024 EF661401 EF661340 EF661361 EF661292 x4 A. sclerotiorum PPRI8357 MK451507 T A. persii CBS112795 FJ491580 AY819988 FJ491559 EF661295 T 97/.99 A. salwaensis CBS138172 KJ775447 KJ775056 KJ775244 T 96/* A. subramanianii CBS138230 EF661403 EF661339 EF661397 EF661289 T 97/* A. pseudosclerotiorum UTHSCSADI15-13 LT574713 LT574748 LT574783 LT574818 T A. bridgeri CBS350.81 EF661404 EF661335 EF661358 EF661290 T A. fresenii CBS550.65 EF661409 EF661341 EF661382 EF661296 T */* A. candidus CBS566.65 EF669592 EU014089 EF669550 EF669634 90/- A. candidus NRRL58579 LT626947 LT626986 LT626987 LT626988 T A. dobrogensis CCF4651 LT626959 LT627027 LT558722 LT627028 99/.97 A. dobrogensis CBS225.80 LT626971 LT627062 LT627063 LT627064

x4 */* A. coprophilus CBS142985 LT798903 LT798918 LT798919 LT798920

*/* A. coprophilus CBS142984 LT798902 LT798915 LT798916 LT798917 T A. campestris CBS348.81 EF669577 EU014091 EF669535 EF669619

A. tritici CCF1649 FR733810 LT627024 FR751427 LT627025 T A. tritici CBS266.81 LT626958 EU076293 EU076305 LT627017 99/* A. tritici MRC3080 MK951927

A. tritici MRC418 MK951916

99/- Aspergillus sp. PPRI6060 MK450633 MK451000 MK451330

*/* Aspergillus sp. CBS142983 LT798905 LT798924 LT798925 LT798926

88/- Aspergillus sp. CBS142982 LT798906 LT798927 LT798928 LT798929 T A. subalbidus CBS567.65 KJ866983 EU076295 EF669551 EF669635 */* */* 99/* x4 A. subalbidus CBS138194 KJ775556 KJ775081 KJ775251 */* A. verruculosus CBS142667 LT798907 LT798930 LT798931 LT798932 T A. taichungensis IBT19404 LT626957 EU076297 EU076310 LT627016

A. pragensis CCF4654 HG915888 HG916673 HG916680 LT627014 93/.99 T A. pragensis CCF3962 FR727138 HE661604 FR751452 LN849445 T A. janus CBS118.45 EF669578 EU014076 EF669536 EF669620 0.05

Fig. 2. Multigene phylogeny of Aspergillus sect Circumdati and Candidi based on a combined ITS, BenA, CaM and RPB2 dataset. Strains identified during this study are shown in black text and reference strains in grey text. GenBank accession numbers for ITS (green), BenA (blue), CaM (maroon) and RPB2 (purple) are given behind strain numbers. Branch support in nodes higher than 80 % bs and/or 0.95 pp are indicated above thickened branches (T = ex-type; * = 100 % bs or 1.00 pp; - = support lower than 80 % bs and/ or 0.95 pp). easier and more accurate than ever. Almost anybody with a bit of 1984, Allsop et al. 1987, Watson et al. 1990, Schutte 1994, background knowledge can describe their new species. As a Roux & van Warmelo 1997). These identifications were all result, the accepted species list grew with more than 100 taxa in based on morphology, meaning that diversity could easily be the space of 5 years and resulted in the so-called “broad” misidentified due to the known complexities in distinguishing Aspergillus that has mostly been accepted by the community between closely related species without DNA sequence data. (Pitt & Taylor 2014, 2016, Samson et al. 2014, Kocsube et al. Considering the modern methods required to identify species 2016, Samson et al. 2017). (Samson et al. 2014), we consider Aspergillus to be grossly South Africa has great fungal diversity and makes significant understudied in South Africa. To our knowledge, the only modern contributions to international understanding of a wide range of studies reported 23 species isolated from house dust (Visagie fungi. Aspergillus is very commonly isolated across South Africa et al. 2014a) and seven species from abalone feed collected and unlike Penicillium (Schutte 1992), local mycologists were not in the Western Cape (Greeff-Laubscher et al. 2018). The PPRI afraid to attempt identifications down to species level (Cohen culture collection housed at the Agricultural Research Council – 1950, Swart 1959, Eicker 1969, 1970a, b, 1972, 1973, 1974, Plant Health and Protection, Roodeplaat, Pretoria is the biggest 1976, 1980, van der Merwe et al. 1979, Rabie & Lübben repository of Aspergillus in South Africa with close to 500

www.studiesinmycology.org 267 VISAGIE,HOUBRAKEN

ITS |BenA | CaM | RPB2 A. ﬂavus CMV015C6 MK951894 .caaoaiu B446Tsc Clavati sect CBS474.65T clavatonanicus A.

.acanthosporusA. CBS558.71T Clavati sect

A A

A. A

A . posadasensis. FMR12168T sect

.longivesic A.

acanthosporus CBS447.6 giganteuA.

. IMI35130 rhizopodus A.

ogvsc CBS530.71Tlongivesica A sect CBS450.75T rhizopodus .giganteu A. A posadasensi

iatu CBS515.6 giganteus . Aspergillus .

.clavatusA. t .giganteuA. giganteu Aspergillus A

A. Aspergillus

A. Aspergillus .clavatusA. PPRI26493 A A clavatuA. seiferti. t A. similanensi A seiferti . .clavatusA. PPRI2604 t Aspergillus t Aspergillus . A. denticulatus CBS652.73 clavatusA. PPRI26495 sect clavatuA. clavatus CBS334.6 A. clavatus CBS236.81 Clavati sect sublevisporus CBS128796 A .clavatu sect MK451375 A. clavA. A clavatusA. clavatusA. PPRI981 clavatus. PPRI13832 sect Clavati .otaniiA. NRRL32571 sect Aspergillus A. huiyania fennelliae clavatusA. PPRI21896 sect sec A 0sec Aspergillus . A. ferenczi CBS526.65Ts

clavatus PPRI1465 a Aspergillus A. ﬂavus PPRI18161 . Clavati sect PPRI26019 s 9sec tasm sCBS Aspergillus A. Aspergillus t Aspergillus

clavatu iPPRI26025 Aspergillus A. t A A CBS187.77sectClavati A s t A. caatingaensi PPRI3211 Clavati sect i T sect Aspergillus . . CBS513.65 s marvanovaeA . atus PPRI855 sCBS514.6 t Aspergillus Aspergillus FMR12322 sect T sect Aspergillus Aspergillus A. multiplicatus unilateralinishimuraewaksmanii NRRL179T sect Fumigati s assulatu t t Aspergillus . MRC453 A. pernambucoensis IFM61342T anicus CBS283.66 PPRI4976s sec sec Aspergillus turcosu PPRI2604 sect A. galapagensis A. stramenius CBS498.65T sect Fumigati 4sec 119.4 A. pernambucoensis IFM6134 A sKUFA0012 t Aspergillus T sect Aspergillus Aspergillus CBS598.74 PPRI17069s sec sec tsunoda. IFM57847e PPRI1383 7 sect Aspergillus sect Aspergillus

A s PPRI26035 sect Aspergillus i s PPRI633 s MRC1250 sect elsenburgensis. PPRI2994 sect A CBS121594 T sect Aspergillus Aspergillus auratus. CBS466.65 CBS523.65T sect CBS377.75 sect Aspergillus 9 Aspergillus A 8 5sec s Aspergillus A KACC42091s s 9 sect Aspergillus sect Aspergillus Aspergillus t . 5sect t t Aspergillus0

etClavati sect sec A. IBT27911 7 sect Aspergillust . Clavatisect etClavatisect T Clavatisect australensis CBS112.5 CBS126.56T sect Fumigati sec T A. auratus NRRL437 NRRL62486T sect IFM54133T sect Fumigati 5sectClavati sect Aspergillus Aspergillus 40 2 sec CBS375.75 sect Aspergillus PPRI6331 sect Aspergillus 5sectClavati PPRI3419 sec Aspergillus A PPRI13419 sect brevistipitatusA CBS135454T sect Fumigati s sect Clavati s CBS141774 sec 2sec t e tClavati sec Clavati t 6 . s 8sec sec papuensi tClavati illus . IFM61335 R 0 1 CBS646.95 Clavati i PPRI5410 sec solicol Clavati conversis CBS IF T 1 i CBS522.65T sect Aspergillus O322A2 sect Aspergillus T T t sect Aspergillus Clavati s CCF5391 sect Clavati 9sect spergillus A. A. secT sect Clavati iPPRI1342 sec pergillus t sect sec Clavati DTO092D3 M57609T se sectT Fum sect tClavati s CBS1419301 sect Aspergillus A. tClavati 5 Aspergillus CBS1 T sec i 67 A T tClavati CBS123.53 t t shendaweiishendawei T As gillus montevidensi CBS121.45T sect Aspergillus sperg Tsect tClavatiClavati montevidensis CCF4248 neoglabe sec 112.26T sect Aspergillus t sec A. neoglaber sect Fumigati Clavatit . montevidensi a sect . tFumigati . montevidensis CCF537 porosus s Fumigati Clavatit Clavati sec 1 tA A. cervinus CBS537.65TA sect Cervini tFumigati A. montevidensi sec Fumigati A. montevidensis PPRI8674 sect Aspergillus chevalieri PPRI26554 sect A Clavati A. montevidensis PPRI4851 sect Aspergillus N A. . A A. montevidensis CBS491.65T sec Aspergillus A s sectT Fumigati A chevalieri PPRI2603 A. montevidensis CMV012H4 t A. intermedius .caperatu MRC123 17522T sect Fumigati A. intermedius sec A. porosus CBS141770 t A. porosu . chevalieri T T . . RRL35723T A . S1417 CBS841.96 sectT Fumigati Fumigati A. porosus A A chevalieri PPRI26000 sect Aspergillus CBS CBS471.65T sects MRC45 Asper MK951910 A. sec A A hir n A T Fumigati A . chevalier chevalier MRC462 t . T sec A. chevalieri PPRI3791 CBS142376T sec Aspergillus .hiratseogla Fumigati A. chevalieri PPRI26033 sec s CBS516.65T iEXF1002 s Aspergillus . A. chevalier sec .75 T t A hiratsu A chevalier s UTHSCSADI1 hiratsukaea PPRI1918 T sect Fum A. cristatus s t c A. chevalieri PPRI4908 A. flavus igati PPRI26345 . tsuk r 9sect A. s 9 A IFM57610i sect135457 Fumigati A. chevalieri PPRI26348. sec sec e th CBS c A. chevalieri CBS141769 sect Aspergillusproliferans DT Cremei A A. hi .h IFM576 Fumigati A. s tFumigati A T sec t ermo be 3 t A. proliferans CCF478. proliferans NRRL62497 sect . A. A. 5 A. proliferans PPRI6735 sec T A i u a NR sec Fumigati A. aurantiacoflavu 8 t ratsukaek T A .s her ka eP rN sect Fumigati A. proliferan. aurantiacoflavus CCF5394 sect Aspergillus CremeiCremei hiratsukah r a 111.55T se A. aurantiacoflavu sec Cremei Cremei atsuka s A .glaucu brunneus CBS374 t t Cremei A. ir e RL3 T t Fumigati A. CBS141773 t Cremei t pa momum a e RR T sect ec A . i CGMCC3.0396 s T emei A. p CBS294.93 PRI1919 11T sect sec Fumigati A. glaucus NRRL12 CBS138177 t r spat utatus tsukae PPRI9172 A i PPRI342 sec A. de th sect Fumigati Fumigatit F A. niveoglaucus CBS114.27 i i sec t CremeiC CremeiCremei igati A. neocarnoyi sec ec t sec sect u L 4 umigati A. neocarnoy 5 4 s t t s A A A. la e 1 34 t Fumigati A. levisporus CB 9 2 T i eudoviridinutans NRRL hu t CCF398 Fumigati A. pseudoglaucu. pseudoglaucupseudoglaucu DAOMC146054 8 sec . . atus eD 8 A. pseudoglaucusmicroperforatu PPRI26346 CBS530.65 .4 t Cremei Cremei A br lica tu C 3 sect . i 9 sec sec mei q . duricau l CB s A r CBS10174 18.3 CremeiCremeit u e a sN P C ct A r KACC46346 9 5 Tsec t e tsurut t 0 sec ec A. . sloani 1 sec t Cremei adri vip t u T PRI3F4 Fumigati A. microperforatu s t us C N S O23 . zutongqi 65 1 sec Cr s NRRL2055R 5 t Fumigati A zutongqi CBS104.07 Cremet Cremei es CBS1 R 208. 10 T sec s Fum A . rube i CCF336 sec sec t Cremei c R ect A. zutongqi rube sec t Cremei A i ae lis CBS481.6 RL12 8 sec F A . CBS 1 t . A nc B L205 7B 26 2sect t . appendiculatu CBS130 CBS13439 sec ct T sec F umi A . mallochi RL508 F187 sec e f A. . S101754 9 A cibariu PPRI2604 CBS134393 s sec ra specie tus C 0 tFuFumiumi ig A . i PPRI2634s sec 2 6se t . wenti s 603 T .63 0 Cremei ei A. virink viridinutans B T se tFumigatFumiga gati A wentii i PPRI2599 NR 0 T Cremei A A 49 8 a A . i u CBS472.CC 2 8 t A s .feli CB M 3sec ti A . wentii s 0 . 18.53 se ct FumF m g wentii s A . ton felis CB F T sect Fumigatc g ati A CCF5044BS649.74T sectec . A arcoverdensi sD S1 A0 t u ig A. . wenti 1323 s Crem i ar . d 0 c at . s C 1 1 t A a in e s T Fumigatit Fu m a A sellu PPRI T e MK451374 nsi s i A .wentiwenti .a c rco CBS130244T sec3 9 T e tFumigatiig ti s us S257.85 CBS1 Cremei ove utan 629045.523 5 sec m ti A europaeu CMV012C9i S648.74 sec t r s O 3 T se ct ig a A. . europae tu CBS 1323 A. cov verden S ig ti i . chry CB CBS14275 A. flavus 1 A T PPRI20581 Tse A. wyomingenr C DTO3 s t Fumigati at s CB 1 sec Polypaecilumei w den sCBS12B 130245T75H3 T e c a A . chrysellu s t Cremt A. w e c t Fumigati ti i A . s T y rdensi S1 T sec tFumF . dimorphicus err o si c u A sepul CBS sec T A A. w m si sP 42233 s t A . dimorphicu rphicusntraeger 15.32 sec t .w y s 2 ect Fumigatimigati A . pultu rlensis s 8 T o in CBSs 7 sect t i dimorphic s CBS500.65 A ming gens P PRI74 G F A . se sec . y yomin sCBS1397 Fumigu i A . dimo 477.65 .61 wyomom P .56 4sects mi gati CBS1S T errei 13 R T e t F A . espoasche errei T errei ing e is I c F u gat A . fl akhpurensi t nsi s 918775 9 Tsecsec t m A . CB tT errei A. A. ensige is C Fu u icuss T ing 1 1s m iga a i A . gorakhpurensigor sec t errei siamesiamens nsi sPPRI5PP C 4sec t F m ti A . s NRRL451sec 4 sect T errei e F56418 ec F u igati stromatoide CBS384 tTT A nsiss CCF4417TsCCF41R Tse Fumigatit u mi igati ti A . stromatoide s S1242305 5 secec t errei . acrensi NRRL I557 8s t m ga A . itacon u 4 s c Terrei ns t Fumiga i A . cremeu CB 7 tTt i A. A 0 e ct Fu g A i UAB 0 se A. aur . i i 1 3 se ct F a ti cremeu i 7 2 ec a a sKUFs 6 78 F m ti A. . insolit 1674 s Terrei Terre u c IF 29 se c um A . i IBT2638IBT1674 3sec5 t t i reolure sIFM5M 70 sect tF umi igati horta i c e A n 0 ct i ti A . horta IBT errei A. .aure si C 6 7sse um gat A . i I753 sec T erreiTerrei se olu sN s 115 F g horta i PPRI8 t t T t T Terr errei A. aureoluaureolus 634 ct FumigatiF u at i A . horta PPRI990 1 c Terrei t T rei A e sCB CC 7 s ect Fumigatiu migatig A . i sec t t i . ol RRL206432 9 7 e mig ati i horta PPR secse sec ec Ter ud us F4 9 Tsecse ct A . horta i PPRI2599 9 s t MK451366 A. u 1 sec 5 erre i a S 9 T c F at i A . horta i IBT627 4 138921 c T e A gaw P 105 6 tFumiu A . orta i O6I S 38 se t A .u daga s P P 1 se t miga i A h orta UAB4T B 6 19134 ec err rrei A. flavus PPRI22482 . a C P RI345. s c F . h i D I586C T2 6 s T e A udagawaeda ePPRI1BS1374R 55 ec t umiga A . ta i s 0 t T . g w I1 T sect Fumig g A horta CBS134.60R IB RRLI74 9 ct i A u a a 1297 se t ati ti . hor i eu s R 5 sec re . dagawa wa eIF 1sect Fum A . iPPrr u P 0 se er u c F A horta e e usNP T14 5 0 T ei A dag eIFM5 132 53 t u a ti . horta e B 64 t err .udag C sec Fumigatmigatiigati ti A . us I ec T A aw eDBS M5 4 s Fu A . horta terr re s IBT s t errei . u ae DTO 1 4 e tFumiga A citrinotinoterr er s 8 t T rei A. udA. u da a T 1422341332 sec ct m tr ino rreuu NRRL26.3 sec er rei ga wae O s F ig A. . ci tr ot e s 2 sec T A. ud d 308H 1see tFuu a i A ci in ote rr 25 9 t Ter agawag wae c m ti . n e rreu S1 ct errei i A awa CCF1 1 c tFumm igatit A . citritri ot B sece rre . a 66 6 sec t i i A c n ote C RI209326022 s ctT e uda ga ae P e CCF 44 D sec Fumigatigati . itri in s P 7 e t T rei A w CCF447 6 t ig A . c tr P 9 s Ter i . g a 4 7 s t Fum at A ci s PPRIRI867 65 sec t re A A uda awa e P 4 6 ec F i . erreuu s I2594. 7 ec er rei .ud.u DTOR 91 se tF u i A PP R .2 T r dagawgawaeeD I260 s c m gat A.tterrereu 8 3s ct Te A. ag 283D 9 ect t F um igati i . us PP 11 se ct errei u awa TO 30 s u i A ter e us CBS59 2 T errei A da CCF5630 ec Fumigatmiggat . terr e s 1037 se ct T ei A .u g e ae CCF56 0 3sectFumisec t i A . r u CBSRI 28 27 se t rei . fu A d awa C 6A3 se Fumigat a A ter re s I8 6 ec erreiTerr er misynnematu. udagawag BS tFu ti . er eu PP 60 s tT t T i aw e 1 A . t r s PPR 308 T ct ec rre rrei MK451378 C 4 mi i 65 se a BS 142 se c A ter reu s I1 . sec1 s Te Te e D 38s t Fumi ga i A. r R 5 5T t ct A. ae T 11 17 ctFumiga ti te usPPRI2PP S601 .5 sec se A. flavus PPRI8551 l O0142 TsectFec A. terreue 0 1 A entu s DT 1 t g ti . r s CB S106.2 13 09 ei ei . IFM O 9 8s Fum at A s B 46 r A len lus 019 D8 ect ga i A.terterreu C us IBT1312CBS L Terr 14275i Ter A. .l tul D 422 D sec um ig ti . s n s t BS len ent us PPRITO 7 Fu ig at A . terreureu ica nu sec C Terre sect rrei A tu ul 17 77 se t m a i A ter afr a sNRR3 w t T t Te ei . lentullu us 9 Tsecc Fumigatiga ti . o 90 ne sec c err A. sC P 6 A4 sec tFu t A ne canuI9 s 9 3890 se t T lentu us B PR 17 t mi i A. eoafricafri PR 0 ec Terrei i A A.l S11 I7 0 Fum gati i . n o P nneuI422 S12 15 s ct .no e lu NR 7 53 se t Fu A ne eti ru R 89 se Terre A.l ntu s KA R 88 2 c ig A. m ib PP sCBPPRI9I91 1 ct vofu entul lus K L3 5T sec t F mi ati . fi e s R 74 se Terrei i A. m CC4 5551 s s tFumigaumi gati A fimet ia terreunsi PP I8 06 ct no igat usNACC 13 ect F g . ldt do e sis 2 se Terre i rrei A. vofumigu 9 ec ati A . he u en sPPRRI9 7 ct rre Te fu s CBS1RRL35553413923se t um A pse abamm P I874 se t Te ct A migati Fumiig ti . all ba s P 6 ec 1 se .fu atus secct at A cf la amensi PPR 9 s 98 A. miga affin 175 Fum g i A. f al b is PRI8697 42 errei fum t is CCF4 20 sec tFumiigaati . c alla ns P S1 t T ei A. ig iaf PPR T t A cf abamensime sis CB c err A. fumi at fini 078 secsec Fumi ga ti A. f all a en s PPRI89w 2 se ct T fumi g iaffiniss CCC I3 t Fumigati ti . c llab am ne se ei A gatia atiaffi CF449210 ga A cf a b 4 err .fu f n se t Fumi ti A. alla atus I918 t T i MK451365 m A. ig finisCisI F4 9 ct . cf ulc sPPRI749PR ec Terre ei fum atiaffinis PPRIBT 482 sec Fu ga A cf allabamensintios ensi s P 5F9 s t Terr i iga BS1 13 sec t F migatiti A. ra am si 1 ct erre A. flavus 13 PPRI18143 A. s t 1 u au en TO F8 secse T iaffini 71 1 sect FtFumig A. lab am sD 15 A. pinos sP 86T m ati cfallab TO 6028 T sect ei s us PRI130130 se um igat A. a isD RI2 93 Terr pino C 90 s ct Fumigatii i . cf ns PP ct A. l susNBS483 8 e gat A alabamensi s 2 se t Terrei acinios 9 s ctFu i A. labame CBS1256270 ec Terrei A.la RRL .65 ec m . a sis 63s ect rrei A cin us PPR32 Tsectt Fu iga A alabamensi s IBT1225 94s t Te i . laciniosusiosu 569sect migatti A. bamen IBT sec erre A s PPR I3247 se Fum i . ala amensiis 96 t T A . lacinio I31 Fu igati A b s PPRI259259 sec .laci PP 9 ct mi A. ala bamens A nio sus RI3 7 sec Fumigatgati ala s PPRI Terrei ei . lac sus PPRI341847 t Fu A. llabamensinsi NRRL29810sect Terr A inio CBS sec mig i .a ame sis 556 sect i . lac sus 1177 7 tFumia A allab 2 37T erre A. la inio KAC 21 sect g ti A. amen BT2 16. ct T cinio sus C4 T se Fu ati . alab us I 1 T se i su KAC 165 ct Fu miga A s CBS 27 erre A.takakis KA C41 7 sec m ti A.floccos S115. sectT errei A. l CC4 644s t Fumigatiigati floccosuCB 515 ct T acinios i CBM 164 ec A. s RRL 1se errei us FA 884T4a sect sect Fumigatit Fumig niveu s N L475 tT ei A. fi KACC416 F a A. veu NRR 5 sec t Terr sche umig ti A. ni eus RL195 sec rrei MK451368 A. fi ri N 57 at niv NR .91 t Te i scher RRL4 a sec i A. eus 1 9 sec Terr e A. fisch i NR 585 tFumi A.niv CBS47111.4 sect A. flavus RL sect PPRI18712 ga S 5T A. fi sch eri NRRL4164075 Fum ti . niveusus CB 4.6 tTerrei eri sect igat A arne BS49 8 sec rrei A. fisch CBS5 1s Fumi i A.c sC 29 ct Te eri 44.65 ectFumgati carneu s NRRL 28 se errei A. fis PPR T sec igati A. neu RRL19 sectT errei cheri PPR I4507set Fumi A. car eusN 094 sect T A. fisc I34 ct Fum gati . carn PPRI13 987 rrei A. heri PPRI34 88 s e ig A eus ii PPRI8 sectTe fischeri 18 s ct Fu ati A. carn bad I8751 rei A. A. fischeri PPR ec migati cf allaha diiPPR sect Ter oerling I3428 tFumig A. lahaba 34 Terrei hausensis CBSPPRI2 sect F ati A. cf al dii PPRI75 4 sect rrei 6026s umigati llahaba RI919 7 sectTe A. fumigatus N 13918 ect Fum A. a badii PP 4298 tTerrei A. 3Tsec igati . allaha w CBS1 86 sec fumigat RRL558 t Fumig A us ne S1429 ei A. us CBS13 7 sect Fu ati A. m ajoric s new CB ectTerr fumigatus DT 3.61T migati ajoricu RL4101s A O2 sectFum A. m diiNR 4 sect Terrei . fumigatus NRRL1666H1sect igati A. allahaba PPRI557 tTerrei A.fumi Fumigati abadii .63T s ec gatus PP 4 sect Fu A.allah dii CBS164 Terrei A. fumigatu RI20934 se migati . allahaba 39561T sect s PPRI ctFumig A icusCBS1 errei MK451370 A. fumigat 10498 sec ati A. iran 560sectT ei usPPRI1 t Fumigati nicus CBS139 5T sect Terr A. fumigatus 2665 sect F A. ira CBS444.7 errei A. flavus u us PPRI18144 miga c ct T A.f PPRI13084 s ti A. ne oindi S265.81 se umigatus PPR ect Fumigati reoterreus CB 6 sect Ter rei A. I10161 sect Fu A.au eus PPRI1309 fumigatus PPRI350 migati A. cf aureoterr 65T sect Terrei A. fum 5sectFumig rreus CBS503. igatus PPRI5090 ati A. aureote sect Flavipe des A. fumigatu sect Fumigati iizukae CCF4032 sDTO267H1 sectFu A. SB2417sectFlavipedes A. fumigatus P migati A. iizukaeCMFI edes PRI10499sect Fumigati CBS541.69T sect Flavip A. fumigatu s CMV01 A. iizukae ipedes 5C5sect Fumigati A.iizukae PPRI4965 sect Flav A. fumigatus CMV015C3 sectFumigat 138188T s ectFlavipedes A. fumigat i A. capensis CBS us PPRI25998 s ect Fumigati A. templicola C BS138181T sectFlavipedes A.fumigatus PPRI4975 sectFumigati A.urmiensisCBS139558TsectFlavipedes A. fumigatus PPRI8527 sectFumigati A. ardalensis CCF4031TsectFlavipedes A. fumigatus PPRI3283 sect Fumigati A. fla vipes NRRL302TsectFlavipedes A. fumigatus PPRI25993sect Fumigati A. micro nesiensisNRRL295 sect Flavipedes sect Fum igati A.fumigatus PPRI13252 A.micronesiensis CBS138183T sect Flavipede s MK951896 s PPRI3479sect Fumigati A. neoflavipesCBS A. fumigatu ati 260.73T sec t Flavipedes igatusPPRI10162 sect Fumig A. polyporicolaNRRL32 A. flavus 68 CMV015C9 A. f um umigati 3T sect F lavipedes igatusDTO244G3 sect F A. spelaeusCCF4425T s A. fum sectFumigati A. janusCB ect Flavipedes A. fumigatus CMV015D9 igati S118. 45T s ect Jani PRI8522 sect Fum A. fl avus PPRI1814 A. fumig atus P ectFumigati A. flavu 3 sect Flavi MV015C2 s ati s PPRI26345se A. fumigatus C 78sectFumig A. flavus PPR ct Flavi migatus PPRI34 Fumigati A. flavus I18161 sect Flav A. fu RC435sect ti PPRI22482 s i . fumigatus M sect Fumiga A. flavus PPRI85 ect Flavi A PPRI8525 migati A.fl 51 sect F A. fumigatus C1sect F u avus PPRI lavi 15 migati A.flav 18712 sect .fumigatus CMV0 8523 sect Fu ati A usCMV015C7Flavi A atus PPRI ect Fumig . flavus P sect A. fumig RI8560 s gati A. fla PRI2058 Flavi igatus P P 6sectFumiti vus CMV01 1 sect Fla A. fum I2600 umiga A. fl avus 5C9 se vi migatus PPR 15D8 sect F A. fl PPRI26 ct Flavi A. fu sect F umigati avusPPR 032 sectFl gatus CMV0RI8558 Fumigati A. flavu I26036 avi A. fumi atus PP 4sect A. fl s PPRI1 sect Flavi A. fumig PPRI739 ect Sparsi avus C 8144 s MK951895 atus Ts Usti A. fla MV015 ect Fla A. fumig CBS139.61 04T sect sti A. vus CBS C6 sec vi us S1239 sect u flavu 110 . t Flav A. flavus pars CMV015C7 A.s CB 34 sti A s CB 55 se i tus RC12 sectu .flavu S574.6 ct Fla . pseudous ustusM 1233 t Usti A. fl s MRC 5sec vi A seudo MRC ec A avus M 1317 t Flavi A. p 114380 s Usti . flav RC3 sect F pseudoustusCBS sect Usti A. usMRC732 s lavi A. 121601T sect i flavu 1745 ect Fla calidoustusCBS 5353 tUst A. fla s PPR sec vi A. ustus PRI1 8sec sti A. vusPPRII18711 t Flav calido stus P 1322 U oryza 18 sec i A. lidou BS1 76 secttUsti A. fla e CBS 713 t Flav A. ca stus C RI89 sec A vus 10 sect i lidou usPP I9404 t Usti 2 . flav PPR 2.07 Flav A. ca eflect PPR sec Usti A.fl us PPRI2600I2600 T sec i od s 177 sect A avusCB 1se t Flavi . pseud deflectu PPRI5 68 tUsti . ory S 3 ct Flavi A eudo us I91 T sec i A. fl zae 569 sec A.ps us PPR 564 tUstti A avu NRR .65T t Fla dodeflectect cult4 sec t Us . fla s NRRL375L45 sec vi . pseu defl FC RI5177 ec sti A. vus 8 se tFla A seudo s BA P 971sect U ti A flavus PPR 1 ct Fl vi A. p ctusPPRI8 3 s t Us . fla P I26 sec avi fuscican e s P 20 c sti A. vus PR 486 t Fl A. udodefl 8sect U i flavu PPR I2604 sec avi se us PPRI9RL27 se Ust A. fla s I2 4 se t Flav MK451387 A.p dodeflectuct NR T ct i A v CBS 600 c i pseu defle tus 56.74 se st . fla us P 11 2 s t Fla A. udo ec BS7 5889 ct U sti A. vus PR 8.62 ect vi A. flavus efl F PPRI26032 pse od 1 ct U ti A flavu PPRI1I2600 sec lavi A. ud PPRI 2451T se Us . fl s 7 t F . pse eflectuso Cs 4 Tse A. avu PPR 871 sec lavi A dod igurr CBS1 894 6 sectt Ustii A. fla s P I79 4 s t Fla seu A. s 123 861 sec Ust flavuvus PRI 77 ect vi A. p inans CBS t sti A PP 26 se Fla is s IBT1 842T ec t U i . flav s P RI2599004 ct Fl vi dens nsi 0 t A. u PRI se avi A. contamba ade 55976 ssecct Us i A flav s PPR 3 2s ct F arls sb rCBS14RC se st . fl us 274 ect lavi A.c carl spe sM RI345 6 tUsti A. avu PPR I23 se Fl A. A. a sec t U i A flav s P I131389 ct F avi insuetu CF4188C4 Ust . flavuus PRI sec lavi A. suetus PPs C 7 7sect sti A. CBS 1 41 t . in etu TO1 .2 ec t U ti A fla s 871 se Fla A su 19 ec Us . fl vu CBS511763 5 ct Fla vi in sD T s t sti A.flaav s P sec A. suetu s CBS1 37 sec U i A usMPRI 01 8 s t F vi in etu BS107.25T27 s . vu 2 .65 ec lav A. C .92T tUstti A fla s RC25263 se t Fl i .insu s 09 6sect Us .flavuvus MR 47 ct av A CBS13 66 2 sec t A.min MRCC13 6 se Flavi i insuetu CBS2 15 sec t Ustiti A s 6 sec ct A. ioides i S142F4 T Us . mini is PPRI 6 6 t Flavi ve evei iCB C 487 sti A. cler 97 se Fl ke k vei s C 2 7T secsect U A min sc o 26 9 se ct avi MK451388 t F A. A. ke 8 ec tes .minis lerotigtig 02 c la ido RRL6 9B7 s es A. cle en 2s t Fl vi l N 123817 B4 dulan t A aflatoxis rot e esC e av A. flavus PPRI26036 i . c nes ct i A. ca hesauricuicus CBS O 179 N ulanntess A afl lerot igen B Fl A. t us s DT ect d la e . a atox ifo i IB S1 av ic DTO tNiidu nt es A. fla rmageneesCBST32 176 i an nicu 4T s ec N ula s A afl toxiformaiform 3 A. thesaurm s ct d lant . ato n s 11 3 ger rma icus54.7 T e Ni du A. pip a s I NRRL6441 1 sec A. e Ts ct i lante A cereaer xif ns BT 17 sec tF A. g man 65 se du . icol orman CB 3207 63 t S465.65 T ect NNi ulantesntes A. cereal nsCBS 5T Flavilavi 93/.99 9 id li a S A. ger B 505.62 N la ntes A ce s CBS143s 1436799 4 sect sC S 0 idu A . au reali i CB CBS sec se CB T sect N dula es . s I S1 12 tFctF Flav purpureus CBS7s 97.65T s sect t i lantesnt s A austst s B 1 1. T lav . unneuian CBS144 4374 T t N idu a e . parasitwi C T3 4367 6 332 62 se lav i A br s .65 Tsecec nt A. w cki B 2 80 sec i i o tu CBS s ctN idul la tes A p icki i S1407 6secT 6 ct anti A. var a .51 tes . arasiticus CB 0 sec5 sec t Flav ten ceus CBS13S1900 9T idu lan s A. pa ic i CBS14S 36 se Flav . aur ca n CB 0se du e A pa rasit u 135 74 c t t F t i A idi lu nsis s BS11 7sectNct NNi ulan es . rasi s T t FlaviFlavi lavi Flav i ir e u L58992635 ct lant A. pa i PPR 40 sec sp sC R RI 74 tNid es A pararasi cu PPRI518336776 i A. v A. eolaten NR P 575 se c ant es . tic s I t kiburgieur L585 Tsese t Niduidulant t A. p pa ti u PP 95 sec Flavi as esc RI T c lan A r si cu sP 11 T t . .a er color rus P P tN idulu es . a asiticuticu s P R sec F A A i e sNRRP ec t N nt A. parasp rasit PPRI797RI2I28 sec lavi FJ491463 EF203135 MG518005 MG517821 U49 s a s asp tub us K 1 t Nididulantes s A ras 8 se t t Flavi A. bverso beruer secc e A . soja ic s PPR 3025 c Fl u b CBS602.74sH L233T se idula . it us P sec t a A. flavus i icu CBS110.55 30 ct N A Flavvi .suA. pr tu s s e N lant . paras iticu PR I9 1 A prot ro en NRR L5 1Tse Nidulantesantestes A so e sPPPPRI 53 8s secttF p beru ect ul n es A . CBS10 I95 la i A. A. us PPRI2602 ct d la t . parasitjae itic s 2sece v otu kong n 38T7s s t Nidui es A. paras PPRI1464RI146337 34secct F i 48 04 t N du A NRRu 5 Flavilavi .pr us NRR L 6 0se Ni lant tes . p s 4s t A oenusen R 2 ec t es A p aras i PPRI9510928T F . hongoafrica 8T secs A . a it cu L e tFlla A s CBS13819NR 35601 sec ct NidulanNidu ulan . pa rasi icu s 19 6 c vi .am L 8T antes A t iti P 2 sec t Flavia A R 227 2 T se Nididulant A . ra ra cu s PR8 s vi . austr A. amo nus R 1 20 T . tran n siticuticu DT 8 ect se t A ntiacue S .65 9 N idululantes A trans sm s s 3 ct F a sNB 14 3 3 N d A . s C O I2 ec sec F lavi mo u S tes . transmosm o D B 2 6 t la Flavi a en B sect n s A t ntanenss T S1 0 0 F vi eoaurA. amoenuso PPRIC T sect Nidulantes A . rans m o NR O30 3 46 l t s . m ii RRL2I13241 sect ect Ni idulanteslantes A .arachs ontn 0 C avi Fl i A cinus C r CBS58N 8 ct N es s pno tan RL6 0 4 s a gr .a s 6 e Nidula A . m 1E92 secec v A lo u A . ara n a e 6T t i A. t novo v ontanensita nensin isMUM10.205s43 Fl A. pepico uc I126 t Nidu ulantlante es A . c tr nensis s 6 tFla A. taba s A .sern h id ansmontanensi is 3 sec se av er .fr BS593.65PR t NidulanteNid ov i ic i v ydowiiowii PPR NRRL4768 sectI6542 s sec ulantes s A . p dico o s MUM1 se ct v A s iC R I3810 sect A . serg opa ar l MUM10.2 t Flavii A. CMV015B9 s 39 . p gi a ct Fla A. i R 8 1secsectct Nidu A a i a l CB s MUM10.22 Flavi .syd i A . krugerras i C ra s a v JN185448 JN185446 JN185447 JN185449 A . mo i it CBS CBS13 0.2 i sydowi ow wii PPiPP 7T A MUM10.20BS1s icu S . sydowiid Po t NidulantesNidulantesdulante A . subflav i it 1 2 A d s A . s tt tic icu s 17 1 A. flavus CBS574.65 PPRI3 A. ii PPRI13067i sect A . t ubflavu a i u 3 1 1 ec w tNiNidulantes a e PP s 00 s CB 1 6 s 1 s A. sy sydowio wi CMV008E3150T227T se sectTsec Nidsect t tes A . tamama CB 76 10 0 s ec t A. sy i idulantes n A . tamari CB PPRI92 17T S PP 0 2seec t Flavi I2806 sect5 Nidulant ulante es tam u RI 1 T 1 A. ydo 2 9sec tN A . ri sCBSS S 126851 R 5 t F s NRRL1314 2 nt A . tam r i s 898 8 12 secsec T c Fla lavi A. syd. 4 secsect NidulantesNid es A . tamari ii C 13 sec I1427se t A NRRL1i NRRLPPR sec A tam a PPRI2B S843 sec 6 Fl sydowitus i Nidula . a r i 00166 t t c v . T sect NidulantesNidulantes A . caela ii PPRI26S 8 t 849 0 F t a i ni RI632 ct t ntes A . pseudoc ri 1 14 se 0 t Flavil F vi A e NRRLP T sect Nidula ari i PPRI739 FlaviFl s avi 5 NRRL58600i t Nidulantes A . pseud P 3 b 36 c se T ec s la nena 7 A. . ps i 30 T t avi ec v i iP 5sesec t Nidulant A i C PRI26 812 se c s t i ve jens eni PPRI538 73 t nomi tu PPRB 83 sec Flavit ec Flavi . . i 3 9 sec tes A . no eu 9 c t cvjetkovici 67 sec t NidulantesNidula A . no s S10 00 7 T F t Flavi A A PPRI13238 8 ec lantes A t tF la jens i s Nidulantesdulantes .n nomiu miu dot o CB se se Fl sec F A. jenseni. 386 t Nidulantes A . mi u tamael I260 0 2 8 vi lavi tennesseensis A jenseni I du s A . s 4 c c av lavi . . NRRL35641PPRI sect t Ni A n o ama S 2 se s . 68 Tsec Ni . n o miu u s a .13 3 e t t t A A A s r sec A . CBS260.88a 763 F F i . jenseni 6 T ct t A pseudonoomiumiu s PPRI37 tu c c Fla A r NRRL58592PPR 9 sec c . pseudonomius s r 1 sec t t lav lavi jenseni NRRL5 T t Nidulan A . CBS3 i s 0 T Fl . r r PPRI9900 T se t NidulantesNidulantesdulantes A pseudonomiu s r i Flavi v i A . pse D ii NRRL44C .97 sec sec i A crebe r PPRI5081 T ec t Nidulantes . luteovirescen sD D t av i s c t N A . s T C BS Fla crebe r 8se dulantes lantes A bertholletiu T O T i A. PPRI131 5 sec t Nidulantei A . coremiiformi D B t . ebe ec A . coremiiformi udonomiu T O227B t ulaauensi crebecrebe r se t N . 226I99 5 S 1 s F Flaviv A . T s ec Nidulantes A togoensis T O . T t A . vand 3 766.9 1761e l i MK951919 s m O1 avi pu A A crebe CBS1343 0 t Nidu A . vandermerwe 2 .9 Ts c sec t Nidulantes A vandermerwe. sec t . A. cr. s CBS140627 8 vandermerwe. van iu 43E8 3 3 CBS132.55IBT33104 sec t Nidulantes A. 61F 5 Flavi A A crebe s T Nidulantes A . ec s A. flavus t MRC1317 s s s BS133.54 sec A vande se sec 6T . si Nidulantes A . ermerwe 8 t 7 ec C 43587 T Nidulantes A . vandermerwe dermerwe C A t A . lanosu s sec c Fl t T r NBRC3302 Tsec t Nidulantes A . alliaceu s PPRI5063B 1 Fl t sec CBS10270 sec Nidulantes alliaceus s sec t t s 9 sec sect t A . s IBT1265 a s Fl 5 t Nidulantes A. neoalliaceus. alliaceus IBT29 NRRL655 S sec F Flavi vi a e . croceu ungui s PPRI384 sec Nidulantes A . alliaceu CBS272.89Rs CBS620.95 t av tu BS1 T sec A s 1 la vi c t A . PPRI554 t Nidulantes A .leporineoalliaceu rmerwe N t Flav t a C s T A . magaliesburgensi 19 Fla A s CBS100523 t Nidulantes A CBS553.7 tF Flav v i israelen atu sec Nidulantes A . RRL1375 Flavi s A . lepori s i . n BS140607 Tsec sect t Nidulantes A hancock. aspearensi i 388T S428.93 sec Nidulantes A . aspear lavi v A t Nidulantes A. . sCBS1CBS650.74 i CB 2 i multicolo C sec A .ochraceusaven i ceus T Nidulantes A . i NRRL1237 28T . mulundensi. A avenaceus 7 i T sect Nidulantes ochraceusA. PPRI633 . i IBT2049 a CB sec t A ochraceu s A A s CBS314.89T T A . ochraceu PPRI682 i sec PPRI316 t A . s CBS612.78 S12670 sec CBS653.73 sec Nidulantes A ochraceus PPRI681 CBS536.65 i s T A. . ochraceus s CBS12920 2 sect Nidulantes A ostianus. ochraceus CBS5 se t A i tumidu s Nidulantes A . CBS13217 sect A pallidofulvu. ostianu CBS151.66T seminatu nsi s CBS12625 T t A sec . m A. . aceus CBS12591 CCF568 sec plurisemin sec A. pallidofulvus t 8 t A. . T Nidulantes A. . t c e A ensis plurisemi CBS496.65 A. .sesamicolapallidofulvus Nidulantes A . T muricatus CBS112808T CircumdatiA. sect . 6 Flavi A auricomus CBS467.65TA. pallidofulvu .westlandensisA. 7 .slrtou CBS549.65Tsect sclerotiorum A. sect Nidulantes A. .slrtou PI37sect PPRI8357 sclerotiorum A. pallidofulvus CBS640.78 .pri B129Tsc Circumdati sect CBS112795T persii A. t A

Nidulantes sec CBS138230T subramanianii A.

.bridgeri A. t A. Flavi

0 Circumdati sect CBS138172T salwaensis A. . CBS271.91 melleus CBS546.65T sect s 4368 sec sec sec Nidulantes westerdĳkiae. PPRI5061 Circumdati sect A s westerdĳkiae CBS Tsec cretensis CBS112802. westerdĳkiae CBS T Fl sec Nidulantes westerdĳkiae CBS11279 i CBS13437 sec t t westerdĳkia A pseudosclerotioru . iFRR3425 pluri s A 700 5 t Nidulantes westerdĳkia CBS143681T CBS426.93 8 t Nidulantes afﬁni s 1 1 Flav Flavi . sect Nidulantes sclerotioru sec a s CBS486.65T S138.55 5 t sec CBS550.65T fresenii 9 sec t Nidulantes 1.69 sec s CBS140608T 9sec Candidi T t t vi A curvatu sect t Nidulantes s CBS143673 6 7 sect Nidulantes Candidi sec sec t savannensis Candidi s CBS109.46 CBS143672T 2 sec Flavi Flavi sec t Nidulantes Nidulantes t Candidi NRRL522s t Candidi Candidi N NRRL451 Flav purpureocrustaceu re s CBS351.81CBS140626 sec t t sec sec t . T t CBS108.08 4sec i Candidi botswan recurvatu t Candidi NRRL3503 T T t sec 1sec . purpureocrust . stercorariu . sec t Nidulantes Candidi CBS129190T Circumdatis sect R s Flavi A s T Candidi CBS103.07 T sec t CBS118.3 1 t . desertoru sCB CBMFCBS952.97T T t Nidulantes t t t Candidi PPRI2601 t A . A A IBT2355 5sec sec sec t sec t Candidi RL41 PPRI616 CBS120.55 0 t Candidi 4sec Flavi A. A A. IFM55265 sec tCandidi sec t t Flavi Flavi A recurvatu s s 17.50 sect Nidulantes sec sec i s CBS198.8 IBT1226 Tsect t sec sCBS Flavi Flavi . 113401 sec 0 sect Nidulantes sect Candidi sec falconensi sec 9 s t 8 sec CBS350.81 Flavi t s Tsec sec CBS A 2sect sect 5 tFlavi t sec MK451371 fruticulosu T CBS130.4 MRC332 1 5 sect Candidi CM t Flavi latilabiatu 0 CBS137324 NRRL474 t Flavi CBS200.7 5 Flavi

. mNRRL35024sec A. ePPRI870 sec Flavi . s CBS133.60 T e Flavi s 4 sect Candidi 9sec s T Flavit t 7sec sec A s A violaceu CBS CBS sect7 Flavi Flavi A. ﬂavus sec PPRI18713 NRRL5175 sec 13684 sec V 6 T navahoensi. 1 s s 18.5 1 5 sec CBS283.67 1 tFlavi . 012D2 sec 14.26 sect 5 2 5 T tFlavi 5 A ycristatus CBS137321 1279 sec 3 sect omanensijaipurensi CBS279.81 sec sec A s CBS589.65 CBS240.9 T sec t 1 sec sec sect Circumdatisec Circumdatit . rugulosu s CBS191.77 i MRC418 112804 sect s s PPRI2093 sec t Flavi sulphureoviridiA. . s CBS853.96 iMRC308 12803 sec A m aurantiopurpureus CBS591.65 t Flavi rugulosu CBS CBS467.8 . rugulosu PPRI2634 t t . spinulosporus pach A rugulosu s CBS492.65T s Circumdati t 8 0 Circumdatit tCircumdatit Flavi

. s Circumdati sect T A . pachycristatus . s s CBS125.5 CBS266.81 CBS142984 Circumda Flavi CCF3962 t A . pachycristatu. . 13 UTHSCSADI15 Flavi s tritic PPRI6060 sect Candidi Circumdati .rugulosu s CCF465 IBT19404 Circumdatit . A s CBS1 i Circumdati sect T A striatu tritic s CCF4651T sec 0sec T sec sec Circumdati A A A A rugulosurugulosu . tritici CCF164 T A s CBS348.81T sec CBS566.65T s CBS14266 A . . . . 1sec A Tsecsec se nidulan Circumdati A .latu A s CBS142982 sec A A. nidulan A Circumdatisect

Circumdatit t Circumdatit . t Circumdati corrugatu A tritic foveolatu. nidulans c Circumdati

. Circumdati . A tCircumdati . T Circumdatit A A. t A A t A t Circumdati

Circumdati sec t Circumdati Circumdati Circumdati pragensi Circumdati t ti Circumdati

candidus NRRL58579 Circumdati

coprophilus . A. tCircumdati

quadrilineatu Circumdati t quadrilineatuquadrilineatu dobrogensi .campestri . . coprophilus CBS14298 A. pragensi . . A A. quadrilineatu quadrilineatus CBS937.73 A A. candidus quadrilineatus A . quadrilineatu . subalbidus CBS138194 sec A A A taichungensis A. A. . A. dobrogensis CBS225.8 A. canariensis A. quadrilineatu . . subalbidus CBS567.65T sect Candidi

A A . A . verruculosus

A A. canariensi A A. canariensis CBS142983 sect Candidi

A A etCircumdati sect T 99/.96 A. ﬂavus PPRI18711 MK451367

A. ﬂavus MRC3732 MK951929 87/- A. ﬂavus MRC1745 MK951925

A. ﬂavus PPRI26002 MK451381

A. ﬂavus PPRI26003 MK451382

A. ﬂavus PPRI26001 MK451380

A. flavus PPRI26486 MK451386 86/- A. flavus PPRI26044 MK451389 T 97.98 A. flavus CBS569.65 AF027863 EF661485 EF661508 EF661440

A. oryzae NRRL458 EF661562 EF661484 EF661507 EF661439 T A. oryzae CBS102.07 EF661560 EF661483 EF661506 EF661438

A. ﬂavus NRRL3751 EF661554 EF661488 EF661511 EF661443 99/* A. ﬂavus CBS118.62 MG517628 MG517996 MG517811

A. ﬂavus PPRI26007 MK451384

A. ﬂavus PPRI18714 MK451364

A. ﬂavus PPRI7977 MK451377

*/.98 A. ﬂavus PPRI3274 MK451373

A. ﬂavus PPRI26004 MK451383

A. ﬂavus PPRI25992 MK451379

A. ﬂavus CBS117638 MG517619 MG518011 MG517801

A. ﬂavus PPRI26347 MK951913

A. ﬂavus PPRI23389 MK451372

A. ﬂavus MRC2526 MK951926

A. ﬂavus MRC1366 MK951924

A. ﬂavus PPRI26022 MK451385

A. ﬂavus PPRI18715 MK451369

A. ﬂavus PPRI13141 MK451376

A. ﬂavus MRC6979 MK951931

A. ﬂavus CBS501.65 AF257795 EF203144 EF202064 MG517827

A. cerealis CBS143676 MG662393 MG517695 MG518065 MG517886 98/* A. cerealis IBT32070 MG662392 MG517696 MG518066 MG517887 T A. cerealis CBS143674 MG662394 MG517693 MG518063 MG517884

*/* A. austwickii CBS135406 MG662386 MG517712 MG518082 MG517903 T A. austwickii CBS143677 MG662391 MG517702 MG518072 MG517893 88/- A. aflatoxiformans CBS121.62 EF409240 MG517719 MG518089 MG517910 A. aflatoxiformans CBS133265 JX627691 JX627695 MG517872 97/* */* T A. aflatoxiformans CBS143679 MG662388 MG517706 MG518076 MG517897

A. aﬂatoxiformans IBT32079 MG662389 MG517705 MG518075 MG517896 T A. pipericola CBS143680 MG662385 MG517717 MG518087 MG517908

A. minisclerotigenes NRRL6444 MH279386 MG517638 MG518024 MG517820 82/- T A. minisclerotigenes CBS117635 EF409239 EF203148 MG518009 MG517799

A. minisclerotigenes CBS117633 MG662408 EF203153 MG518007 MG517797 99/* T A. texensis NRRL66855 MK119752 MK119718 99/- A. minisclerotigenes IBT32111 MG517714 MG518084 MG517905

A. parasiticus PPRI23021 MK451483

A. parasiticus PPRI9534 MK451482

A. parasiticus PPRI7978 MK451488

A. parasiticus PPRI9513 MK451484

A. parasiticus PPRI5183 MK451486

A. parasiticus PPRI9532 MK451481

A. parasiticus PPRI3754 MK451485

A. parasiticus PPRI9511 MK451480

A. sojae NRRL1988 EF661546 EF661482 EF661517 EF661450 T A. sojae CBS100928 KJ175434 KJ175494 KJ175550 MG517831 98/* A. parasiticus DTO203C4 MG517666 MG518037 MG517854

A. parasiticus PPRI2885 MK451487

A. parasiticus PPRI26046 MK451489 99/.97 A. parasiticus PPRI14636 MK451478 A. parasiticus PPRI14642 MK451479 96/.98 A. parasiticus NRRL6433 EF661568 EF661480 EF661519 EF661452 T A. parasiticus CBS100926 AY373859 EF661481 AY017584 EF661449

A. parasiticus DTO301E6 MG517756 MG518126 MG517947

90/- 93/.99 A. transmontanensis MUM10.221 JF446612 HM803093 HM803028 HM802972 T A. transmontanensis CBS130015 JF412774 HM803101 HM803020 HM802980

A. transmontanensis MUM10.205 JF412771 HM803087 HM803021 HM802979 */* */* 88/- A. transmontanensis MUM10.211 JF412772 HM803102 HM803023 HM802968

A. transmontanensis MUM10.222 JF412773 HM803089 HM803030 HM802981

94/.98 A. transmontanensis PPRI14275 MK450657 MK451183 MK451519 MK450810 86/- T 99/* A. arachidicola CBS117610 MF668184 EF203158 EF202049 MG517802

A. arachidicola CBS117611 EF203160 EF202051 MG517803 91/* A. novoparasiticus CBS126850 MH279415 MG517686 MG518057 MG517877 98/* T */* A. novoparasiticus CBS126849 MG662397 MG517684 MG518055 MG517875 T */* A. sergii CBS130017 JF412769 HM803082 HM803029 HM802985 99/* A. sergii MUM10.208 JF412770 HM803099 HM803017 HM802978 T */* A. krugeri PPRI8986 MK450655 MK451098 MK451517 MK450808

A. krugeri PPRI9280 MK450654 MK450928 MK451516 MK450807

A. mottae CBS130016v JF412767 HM803086 HM803015 HM802988 T */* A. subﬂavus CBS143683 MH279429 MG517773 MG518143 MG517964

A. subﬂavus S843b MH279449 MG517792 MG518164 MG517983 */* A. tamarii PPRI26008 MK451528

A. tamarii PPRI7392 MK451530

A. tamarii PPRI26023 MK451531

*/* A. tamarii PPRI2812 MK451527 T A. tamarii CBS104.13 AF004929 EF661474 EF661526 EU021629 */.98 A. tamarii PPRI26010 MK451529

A. tamarii CBS133097 MG662403 MG517678 MG518049 MG517866

*/* */* A. pseudotamarii NRRL443 AF004931 EF661476 EF661520 EU021650 T A. pseudotamarii CBS766.97 AF272574 EF203125 EF202030 EU021631 T */* A. caelatus CBS763.97 AF004930 EF661470 EF661522 EF661436 96/* T A. pseudocaelatus CBS117616 EF409242 MG517626 MG517995 MG517809

Fig. 3. Multigene phylogeny of Aspergillus sect Flavi based on a combined ITS, BenA, CaM and RPB2 dataset. Strains from new species are shown in orange text, strains identiﬁed during this study in black text and reference strains in grey text. GenBank accession numbers for ITS (green), BenA (blue), CaM (maroon) and RPB2 (purple) are given behind strain numbers. Branch support in nodes higher than 80 % bs and/or 0.95 pp are indicated above thickened branches (T = ex-type; * = 100 % bs or 1.00 pp; - = support lower than 80 % bs and/or 0.95 pp). 268 ASPERGILLUS IN SOUTH AFRICA

T 95/- A. nomius CBS260.88 AF027860 AF255067 AY017588 EF661456

A. nomius PPRI3753 MK450926 MK451473

A. nomius CBS399.93 FJ491472 MG517757 MG518127 MG517948

A. nomius DTO226I5 MG517690 MG518060 MG517881

98/* A. nomius DTO227B8 MG517691 MG518061 MG517882 */* 98/* A. nomius DTO243E8 MG517722 MG518092 MG517913

*/* A. nomius DTO161F1 MH279387 MG517656 MG518026 MG517844 T A. pseudonomius CBS119388 AF338643 EF661495 EF661529 EF661454 91/- A. pseudonomius IBT12657 MH279418 MG517758 MG518128 MG517949 */* */* A. pseudonomius PPRI5063 MK451505 89/.99 A. pseudonomius NRRL6552 AF338647 EF661496 EF661528 EF661455 T A. luteovirescens CBS620.95 MG662406 MG517625 MG517998 MG517808 T A. bertholletius IBT29228 JX198673 MG517689 JX198674 MG517880

*/* A. coremiiformis NRRL13756 EF661545 EU014105 EU014113 */* T A. coremiiformis CBS553.77 EF661544 EU014104 EU014112 EU021623 R A. togoensis CBS272.89 AJ874113 FJ491477 FJ491489 JN121479

*/* A. vandermerwei CBS126709 MH279438 MG517785 MG518155 MG517975 */* A. vandermerwei NRRL1237 MH279434 MG517780 MG518150 MG517970

A. vandermerwei IBT20491 MH279448 MG517789 MG518163 MG517979 97/* T A. vandermerwei CBS612.78 EF661567 EF661469 EF661540 MG517838 x4 -/* A. vandermerwei CBS129201 MH279390 MG517661 MG518032 MG517849

-/* A. vandermerwei CBS132171 MG517675 MG518046 MG517863 99/* A. vandermerwei CCF5684 MH279436 MG517783 MG518153 MG517973 T A. lanosus CBS650.74 EF661553 MG517633 EF661539 EU021642

*/.99 A. alliaceus CBS143682 MH279421 MG517764 MG518134 MG517955 99/.99 A. alliaceus PPRI6826 MK451307 97/.97 */* T 93/* A. alliaceus CBS536.65 EF661551 EF661465 EF661534 MG517825 x4 A. alliaceus CBS511.69 MH279439 MG517786 MG518156 MG517976 */* */* A. neoalliaceus CBS134375 MH279441 MG517613 MG518158 MG517793 T A. neoalliaceus CBS143681 MH279420 MG517763 MG518133 MG517954 T A. magaliesburgensis PPRI6165 MK450649 MK451116 MK451511 MK450802

*/* A. aspearensis CBS143673 MH279394 MG517670 MG518041 MG517858 T x8 */* A. aspearensis CBS143672 MG662398 MG517669 MG518040 MG517857 T 99/* */* A. leporis CBS151.66 AF104443 EF661499 EF661541 EF661459 A. leporis CBS125914 MH279389 MG517660 MG518031 MG517848 T A. hancockii FRR3425 KX858342 MBFL01001228 MBFL01000377 T */* A. avenaceus CBS109.46 AF104446 FJ491481 FJ491496 JN121424

x4 A. avenaceus NRRL4517 EF661561 EF661502 EF661504 EF661462 x2 T A. westerdĳkiae CBS112803 EF661427 EF661329 EF661360 EF661307 0.07

Fig. 3. (Continued). accessioned strains. The PPRI also houses the old MRC rDNA internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS), beta-tubulin (Medical Research Council) culture collection that contains (BenA), calmodulin (CaM) and RNA polymerase II second several Aspergillus. Strains from these collections mostly origi- largest subunit (RPB2) genes were amplified in a 25 μl PCR nate from agricultural sources, but plenty was sourced from master mix containing 12.5 μl OneTaq® 2X Master Mix with GC environmental collection trips across the country. The aim of this Buffer (New England Biolabsinc, MA, USA), 0.5 μl for each primer project was to recover as many strains as possible and re- (10 μM), 10.5 μl milliQ H2O, and 1 μl template DNA. PCR identify them using modern DNA sequencing approaches in conditions and primers were used as suggested by Samson order to obtain a baseline knowledge on the diversity of Asper- et al. (2014). Automated sequencing was done at Inqaba gillus in the country. In this paper, we report on the diversity Biotechnical Industries (Pty) Ltd (Pretoria, South Africa) using the discovered, formally introduce seven new species and release a same primers used for PCR amplification. For RPB2, additional large number of valuable DNA reference sequences in the NCBI sequencing reactions were performed with internal sequencing nucleotide sequence database (GenBank). primers RPB2-527R (Peterson 2008), RPB2-388F (Peterson 2008), RPB2-F311 (Houbraken & Samson 2011) and RPB2- R310 (Houbraken & Samson 2011). MATERIALS & METHODS Contigs were assembled and edited in Geneious Prime v. 2019.2.1 (BioMatters Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand), and new sequences deposited to GenBank (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ Strains genbank/). Accession numbers are listed in Table 1. Se- quences were compared to a locally curated reference sequence Strains were recovered from the South African National Collec- dataset based on the ex-type sequences published in Samson tion of Fungi (PPRI) and the Medical Research Council (MRC) et al. (2014). Preliminary identifications were made using this collection, both housed at the Agricultural Research Council dataset in a local BLAST search tool in Geneious. Subsequent (ARC; Plant Health and Protection, Roodeplaat). New isolates reference sequences were selected (Supplementary Table 1) fi were obtained during routine identi cation services provided at based on these results, with GenBank accession numbers also PPRI. These originate from a wide range of sources across the shown on phylogenetic trees. country and were deposited into a working collection (CMV) and All datasets were aligned in MAFFT v. 7.427 (Katoh & PPRI. Isolations were made using potato dextrose agar (PDA) or Standley 2013) selecting the G-INS-I option, with alignments dichloran 18 % glycerol agar (DG18; Oxoid CM0729). Strains manually trimmed, adjusted and concatenated in Geneious and its collection data are summarised in Table 1. where needed or appropriate. Aligned datasets were analysed using Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian tree Inference DNA extraction, sequencing, and phylogenetic (BI). For concatenated phylogenies, each gene was treated as analysis separate partitions. ML was performed using IQtree v. 1.6.11 (Nguyen et al. 2015). For each dataset or partition, the most DNA was extracted from 7 d old colonies grown on Blakeslee’s suitable model was calculated using Modelfinder (1915) malt extract agar (MEAbl) using the Quick-DNATM Fungal/ (Kalyaanamoorthy et al. 2017) and ultrafast bootstrapping Bacterial Miniprep Kit (Zymo Research, CA, USA). The 5.8S approximation done using UFBoot2 (Hoang et al. 2018), both

www.studiesinmycology.org 269 VISAGIE,HOUBRAKEN

ITS |BenA | CaM | RPB2 A. fumigatus PPRI10162 MK451393 .caaoaiu B446Tsc Clavati sect CBS474.65T clavatonanicus A.

.acanthosporuA. acanthosporus. CBS558.71T sec .posadasensisA. FMR12168T sec

.longivesic A. A

.ggnesCS1.5sec CBS515.65 giganteus A. CBS450.75T rhizopodus .ggnesPPRI2601 giganteus A. .giganteu A.

posadasensi giganteus CBS526.65.

ogvsc CBS187.7 longivesica

hzpdsIMI35130 rhizopodus

.clavatuA. t Aspergillus A

A seifertiA. A.

.clavatuA. PPRI3211 seifertii A. MRC45giganteus . A. sublevisp clavatusA. t Aspergillus A .clavatu .clavatusA. PPRI26042 t Aspergillus A t Aspergillus t Aspergillus A clavatusA. PPRI26495 sect Clavati sec similanensi. A A clavatus CBS236.81 sect A. .denticul .clavatus .clavatus t Cervini

sect Aspergillus T MK451401 .clavatusA. PPRI855 fennel. A. Aspergillus A A A. A. huiyaniae IFM57847 otaniiA. NRRL32571RA. 4 sect Aspergillus A. clavatu sect CBS530.71T a . A. ferenczii CBS121594 .clavatusPPRI13831sec Aspergillus clavatu sect Aspergillus 8sec A. fumigatus PPRI4975 tasmanicus CBS283.66T clavatus Clavati CBS119.48 sect s A. clavatus PPRI21896 sect Aspergillus t Aspergillus t Aspergillus clavatus PPRI17069 sect Clavati CBS513.65Ts sect s Aspergillus A i A A sect t Aspergillus Aspergillus A CBS334.6s FMR12322s A. caatingaensis IFM61335T Tsec unilaterali. PPRI26025 Aspergillus t Aspergillus waksmanii. NRRL179 s CBS447.65 Clavati sect marvanovaA. turcosus KACC42091T. assulatus. t Aspergillus Aspergillus A. mu nishimura liae sect Aspergillus t sec Aspergillus PPRI2 sec t Aspergillus Aspergillus A oru atus CBS514.6 sec sect Aspergillus t Aspergillus sect 4sect t s t Aspergillus . A. A. strameniu PPRI2604 sect PPRI14650s sec PPRI4976 sec 3 sec A pernambuco A s PPRI1383 9 sec t Aspergillus CBS5 PPRI26035 sect Aspergillus Tsec s CCF424 . . CBS491.65 0 t Aspergillus galapa KU PPRI9

s ltiplica sPPRI6330 A sPPRI8674sec s MRC1250 sect Aspergillus pernambuc C s PPRI4851 sect Aspergillus 8sec tsunoda CBS128796 s 1sec A. auratu s CCF5379 sec . s CMV012H sect BS652.73 649 Aspergillus sec

9sec A. au F 7sectClavati Aspergillus 9 t t Aspergillus elsenburgensi Clavati sect T 3sectClavati A. s 9 sect Aspergillus IFM54133e A0012 c 0 sCBS377.75 NRRL62486Te sec 98.74T CBS537.65 7sec Clavati sect A. IB sec t Aspergillus sec CBS126.56 sec Aspergillus gen 3sectClavati CBS141774T sect Aspergillus tu 5 a 81 sec sect Aspergillus A CBS141770T t 40 CBS375.75 A T279 5 sect Aspergillus b s u PPRI3791 sect A . s 2sectClavati sec PPRI2603 e t s T sec sec 2sect t 6 rev . tralensis rat sec t s i s tClavati BS141930 pap sect Clavati8 sect Clavati i CCF539 6 .conversi tClavati s tClavati i PPRI541 T sect Aspergillus Clavati CBS646.95 Clavati s Clavati CCF5394 sect Aspergillus solicola N Clavati tClavati en IFM57609T t is CBS498.65T s Tsec t i PPRI26000 s oen u iPPRI13427 A. A. i CBS466.65T sect Fumigati Tsec Clavati t Aspergillus sect Fumigati tClavati Clavati i PPRI26348 sect Aspergillus s 1 sectT Fumigati sect Fumigat t Clavati sC 1sec A. si sN t Clavati PPRI6735 sec uensis CBS CBS Tsec i DTO092D3 sec Aspergillus t 1 Tsect C 2sect ip Clavati sh s s cervinus Aspergillus s Tsec montevidensi sDTO322A2 SADI1 neoglabe he t lavati A it Clavati . T intermediu tClavati .montevidensi i IFM61342T sectRRL437 .montevidensi porosu Aspergillus sec .montevidensi e at sI T tFumigati Clavati . montevidensi neogl. PPRI2994s . intermedius CBS523.65T sec 1sec t MK451399 A T A. montevidensi t A. montevidensi . A 11 A n CBS Clavati A. n sec A A. montevidensis A. hir A. n A chevalieri PPRI26034 sect Aspergillus A. montevidensi u s sect Fumigati A chevalier t Fumigati A. . chevalieri PPRI2655 sect da daw F A chevalier A. porosu T sect Aspergillus Tsect R sect A. porosus PPRI341 chevalier PPRI2634 s 752 Fumigati A. porosus PPRI13419 . A. sect Fumigati t A. caperatus Aspergillus CBS135457 M6134 Fumigatit Fumiga A A A. A. chevalieri PPRI6331 A. fumigatus PPRI3283 wei RL3 Fumigati A. NRRL12 MRC46 Aspergillus CB T sect Fumigatisec tFu A . chevalier liferan .hir eoglabe 1 A. Aspergillus sect Fumigat A. UTHSC sect Aspergillus t A h ei A. chevalieri CBS522.65T hir ats a 12.5 A ir 2 A. chevalieri PPRI490 proliferans CCF478 .t CBSr S1 841.96 9 Fumigati A. chevalier i A ber N i i TsectF tFumiga A. chevalier . cristatus CBS123.53T sec atsuka 5 ect Fumigati tFumigati A. chevalieri CBS141769 sect pro Cremei e A her A . at at u IFM5761IF migati A. chevalier 723 sect Fu i A . Tsect t i A. . hi kae P 3 3 A. . proliferans NRRL62497 sect Aspergillus emei .thermA. h sukasu M57610 sec 5T s A. proliferans . proliferans CBS121.45T sect Aspergillus r e A 5 A ratus 8 sect em i momu h ra t A . iratsukae CCF410 k rN 4 se sect Fu i A CremeiC h RR 1 T A. aurantiacoflavu sec Cremei Cremei s i tsuka ae 54 A. aurantiacoflavus CBS374.75 t t Cr A r i e 11. T A. aurantiacoflavu CBS141773 pathula ratsuk eP c T t Cremei t t . a P R T s ect A. glaucus CBS516.65Tneocarnoyi CBS471.65 s ec c A. pseudoviridinutans t C L Tse s ect t Fumigatiu A. glaucus t Crem A sp o s P RL 5 m ti A. brunneus. CBS112.26Tlevisporus se CBS141767T s e BS294 RI19190 sect3434 Fumigati se 1 sec ec Fumigati migati A. niveoglaucus CBS114.27T sect Aspergillus i CBS138177T sec t Cremei Cremei mu t u P PR A . pseudoglaucus MRC1231 sect Aspergillus sec sec . a atus CBS20 e 5T secT F i 4 t t t Creme A. br deli kae DTO237B6 sec g i A. neocarnoyi. EXF10029 sect Aspergillus sec ec A A. th RI1 18 t Fumigaumigati m A 9 2s Cremei ae PPRI326CCF sect c t a A s . t I Fumigati microperforatus CBS142376 8 ec t Cremei i A u t a 9172 t Fumigati igati ti A. pseudoglaucus sec s sec quad duri ca u tu 3 A. pseudoglaucus. MRC455 sect AspergillusCBS10174 9 t e . latu 918 t F A. pseudoglaucussloani diculatu 18.3 CremeiCremei e s r 1 9 5 T t m Cremei tsuruta t sN .93T sec sec Fumum A sec t emei vipe us CBS NRR 3 c tFumigaFumig A. microperfozutongqii CGMCC3.0396e c sec Cremei t emei c s 98 t A. 1 ec Cremei ri a 5 A. zutongqii. t Cr NRRL R sec t Fumigati i t CCF3365 se s T t c Cre Cr ei i c u sCB 8 sec g i A i CBS sec t A inc li R F ig A. zutongqiiappen PPRI3429 1 t .fran A. s L 8 2sect a A. ruber.rub CBS530.65 i CBS13439 se T eCBMs 2054L1 .92T sec t umig a ti RL508 sec ect A. t a A . mallochii DAOMC146054T sec CBS134393TR s sec u C 10 0 t t Fu ti A. PPRI2634 T sec Crem MK451415 p 283 ti wentii CBS104.07 s BS472.65 C9 0 ei A. viridinutvi A s CBS135.52BS S1 2 se t FumigatiF t A enti i PPRI2599 N 0 T t Creme k A e 1 0 u mi i A. cibarius KACC46346T sec i C CCF187 85 t A s rid . cies DT 1 9 F ati A. w s s S649.7412 em A. to . felis CB NRR 481.65T75 55 se c Fumigatiumi mig entii PPRI2604 s A. fumigatus 0 PPRI8527 A . i feli F 8 T sec Fumigatit g A. wenti CCF5044 1323 sec a nensisnu A0 .53T s 0 c t A. enti u CB sec Cr i a .a rcoverdens 4 se t Fumigati ati A. wentiiwenti CBS130.4 s 1 1 t A r sCB T sec g a . s T . c rcoverde ta L 9 c tFumFumigati ti A. w sell s PPRI2603 CBS108.63 me arcoverdeov n 6 3 sec t ati A europaeusuropaeu CMV sec t Cremei a sD O172 3 Fumigati A. w e orphicu s CBS 1323 A e S S 9 T e tFumigat A. . chrysellu CBS257.CBS14275 T Cre A . rdensis C ns C 1302 04T se se t s CBS648.741 sec w BS1 130 Tsectsect Fumigatic A . chry s icu s t t Polypaecilumrei A. . C TO32 5 c t F ig A . dim T w y H3 sect t Fu umiga ltu sis S500.65 yomom nsi is P BS1 2 a A sepultu traegeriensi CBS secsec A. A w 4 45 4 F ti A. ensin 15.32 tTer . y n 4sec u m A. . dimorphicudimorphicu s CB 1 8 T w wy o ingensis s 2233T7 sec c m igati e A. w mi i i PPRIP 2 G T t Fu i A . sepu hpur sec i y n s B RI 7 Fumigati i ti A dimorphch 477.65 o o ng g C S1 . 4sectsec m g CBSS T errei mingensimin ens 7 5 t F a A. . esporl B errei T yomingensis ens B 3 49 6 Fumigau igati ti A . flas s T t Terre is P s S 91 7 T t mi A C 230t t erreirrei A. siaA. siame g CCF51 514 sec1 s F s NRRL451 c T e ensi i 3918887T sec s e Fumiu g A. gorakhpuren sec t T s se c Fumt migati ati A. gorak. stromatoide s CBS384.61sec 4 se c t errei PPRI517P tFu A T A me s NRRL6290s R ct . stromatoidesaconicu s 5 5 se t errei .acr CCF417I5573640 sec s t A . it tu 638 4 sec T errei e F g i A . i CBS124AB 74 t T i A. A. n n c t u m igata cremeuemeu i T2 7 sec t e en s si C t F migatii ti A . cr U 2 rr MK451407 A. a is u g ta i sec a acr s CF441 e t Fumigmigati a i A . a IB secTerrei Te ur sis I K IF 8 c Fu t A . insol t i IBT16 3 5 ei t ureole e U M 0 s t i A hor I990 err c rei A. fumigatus F IBT1674 PPRI13252 A olus Nn FC ect tFumm hor 99 ect errei T ei A. . sis CCFFM5 6 7ssect Fu u A. . PPRI870R s T Terreit r se er rrei A. aureoluus C 63 115 7 m ig at A horta ai i 1 t t er T T e i aure T ect Fumi ig a i . PP I25 ec T t t T re A a R 7 49 7 sec ati ti A . hortaihort PPRI753R sec t er i .udu R 2 sect igati A . i sec 8921sec T re A. ud re ol BS L 4 91T T tFumigaF m ga horta 4 9 3 5 t er aga ol u s 20 96 sec u A hortai iPPIBT627 6I 4sec1 3secec T i A u s PP 105. m ig ti A. . orta i O 1 s rrei e A . wa s P 6 1 sec Fumi ig a A h a UABT 134.6086 s 9 4 e r .u ud agawae I CBS1PR R 43 s t F a ti . horta i 5 CBST2638L1 6 sect T er A d e I3 55 e t um t A D I s t T .u agawaagawa I1 4 T s c Fu ga i A. hort ai u IB I74 0 t A PPRI 1 51 e t ti . t i CBS s sec rei .uddag 3 297 se ct Fu m ig ti A . horta PPRrre NRRPR 0 sec r i 7453 se c F i ati A hor ai e reu s P 5 0 Te re A a e CBS14eIFMFM 1132 t u m ga . r u t r i .udag wa sec c F mi ig t A . horta e us IBT1459T64 26 Te e A. a 5 t um a i A hortrinot rr e s sec err ag waee 5 41 4 sect Fut Fum g ti . it inote r IB ect T ei A ud D 41313 sec Fumigatiig ati A c r ter s NRRL38 s t rr A. .u a awae T 2 i ati A. cit rreuu s 5. 2 ec e i u d gawa DTO166D6O3082 s s t gati . no e u 3 s t T errei A. dagawagaw 23 ect FumigatiFu m A . citrinoteot 12 09 9 t T rre u CCF4476 1sectsec A citri n S 2 2 e A d eC H m ig . inoterreterre I 2 secsec tT i . u agawae a 6 tF ig ati A . citritr o CBPR 7 ec Terreie MK451398 ae e C s a i t A da C F4491 e umig ti A . c P RI260I867 s err i . g PP CF44 ct Fu A citrin s P R 5 t T re i A A ud awa e F mig . eu P P .6 sec er e A. fumigatus ct PPRI25993 .u .udag D R sec u a A terreus s P 27 sec rr d eD T I2 F mi ti . eu s . 3 tT Te ei A agawaagawaaw O2 60 79 se tFumigau g ati A terrrr PPRI259918 7 ec t . a T 3 secct F m ati A. te reu s 1 s Terr A ud e O00683 0s ig . CBS594103 2 sec Terrei A. .udagawaeC C D t umi at A ter reu s CBS 8 7 ect t rei rei ei A e CCF5638CF56 3 ec Fumig i A. ter s PRI I82 2 er er err fumisy. agaw B A3 sec tFumigg ti . u P 86 s sect T t T T i i udaga e S 3 s at A terreurre s PR 0 5T c ec t re re CB 114217 4 ec t Fumiga at i A. u P RI260 se s sec er er nn ae S s t i . te rre us P RI13 1.6 5 1 T t T t T A. emawae D 1 ec Fumigatia A te e sP 60 2 12 5 ec ec TO 14 Tsesect Ft F ti A. eu PP 06. 0.5 s len tu DTO 0 21 um ti . terr r s CBS 1 9s 1 A.l tu s IFM4 19 8 ct Fu A ter s IBT13 460 rrei A. ent lusD 019 D sec umi iga A. erreu CBSus BS13L Te 14275 Terrei A ulu 8 g ti .t s n s C R ct rei ct ei . le len T 227 D7 sec t Fu mi a A terreu ca u se er se A nt tu s O179A se t m gatiti ri sNR3 tT T Terr ei .l ul lus P PP 7T c Fumi i A. .terreuoaf rican 0 ewCBSec 90 t r A. en us RI6 s tF gat A f canu 9 s n s Ter ei l tul CB P 1 4 ec u gati i .neeoa ri RI9 9 0secct err A entuluus S RI75 7 se t Fumim A n PP 422 se t T ei A . le NRRL11788 0sect igat A. eoafi unneuI 91589 ec err .novoA. le ntu s 32 c Fumi g i . n br s CBS12381 s t T i MK451409 lus KACC4139 5T sec tF at A fimeteti e PPReu s PPRI 41 ec A fu ntulu 35 um g i A. m i PPRI9I87 t Terrerei .n miga KACC 55 se tF i ati . fi dtia ens s R 206 s c Ter i i A. fumigatus PPRI25998 A ov t s NR 1 s ct umigatigat A hel udoterr nsi PP I9 7se t re Terre .fum ofumigatuus C 41 3 ect Fu i A. abam sis PR 74 sec Ter ct A. f B RL35 39 sect F mig .pseall ameen P 8 96 t se umigat S1 2 umig at A f ab PPRI sec 81 i A. fum iaf s 17 55 sec Fum i A. c f all ensiss RI86 9 9 re igat finis P CCF40520 3se t Fumiga ati . c labam nsi PP 897 142 Ter ei A i iaf Tsecct igati A cf al me sis RI BS ect err A. . fumi ga fini PR Fu allabama n PP wC 2 s t T fum tiaf s C I32178 tFumi ti A. cf lab me sis ne 49 sec ei A. igat gat finis CF4 se gat A. f al ba us I7 4 rr fum iaf iaffi CCF44849 0 sectct F F mig i .c alla t R 918 t Te A igatiaffinfinis Cnis IB 9 um ati A cf labamenulca s PP I sec errei i .fumiga sec ig A. f al ios PPR 9 ct T rre BS11T13 2 t um ati c mensi s 15F se t Te rrei A ti is 131 secsect FFumiigat A. aurant ensi TO 5F8 ec t Te . sp affini PPRI 7186 g i A. alaba s D O1 8s ec A ino s PPRI130813 Ts t um ati . cf llabamnsi DT T s rrei . spinossus C 0 ec Fu iga A cf a e sis 93 tTe i A BS4 90 tFumig ti A. n PRI2602 sec erre i . lac us NRRL3256 sect m ati . alabam sis P S12562 ct T re A ini 83.65 9 se Fumiigat A labamemen sCB se t Ter . lacin osu T ct Fu i A. a a si IBT127063 sec errei A. ios s PPRI sec gati alab men sis 225 4 t T MK451400 lac u 9 t F migati A. ba en IBT I2599 sec errei A. inio s PPR 324 sect umigat . ala am sis 96 t T A.laclacinio sus I319 7 sec Fumig A alab men s PPR 59 0sec A. fumigatus PPRI3479 su PP tFum i A. ba ensi PRI2 81 A. l iniosu sPPRI38477sec ati ala am s P t Terrei rrei ac s C R t Fumigatiigati A. lab NRRL29sec t Te A. l inios BS1 I3417 sec A. al amensinsis 56 sec i aci us K 17 s t Fu allab me T225 T Terre A. l a niosu ACC4165721TsectectFumigamig A. sIB 116.37 t cinio s KACC ati A. alabacosu CBS 7Tsecrrei A. takakiisus C 7secFumig t oc sus 5.2 t Te i A. l KAC 4164 t i A.fl cco BS11 5 sec Terre acini C41 4 s Fumigaati . flo s C 51 sect i osus BM 644 ect F A NRRL 751 tTerre A. K FA 884Ta sect umig ti A. niveueus RL4 sec rei fisc ACC Fumi ati . niv NR 955 ctTer A. fisc heri 4165 sect g A veus RRL1 1se Terrei NRR 7a s Fumigaati A.ni s N .9 ct rrei A. heri NR L458 ectFu ti iveu CBS471 1.49se t Te fisch RL 5sec mig A.n us 1 5T sec A. fisc eri NRRL 4075 t Fumi ati A. nive usCBS14.6 t Terrei heri 41 sect ga carne CBS49 8 sec A. fischerCBS5 61 s Fum ti A. us RL29 ect Terrei 44.65 ect Fum igati .carne s NR 928 s rei A. fis i PPRI4 T sect igati A neu RRL1 sect Ter errei MK951892 ch 5 F . car N 4 tT A.fi eri PPRI3 07 sec umigati A rneus RI1309 sec rei 99/- sc t PP I8987 Ter heri PPR 488 sec Fumiga A. ca rneus i PPR sect A. fumigatus A. fi CMV015C3 sc I3 tF ti ca adi 8751 rrei A heri P 418 sect umigat A. allahab ii PP RI ectTe A. oerl .fischeri PRI342 Fumig i A. cf habad 4s ei inghausens PPR 8 sec ati cf alla ii PPRI753 tTerr rrei isCB I26026 tFumig A. habad RI9194 sec ect Te A. fum S13918 sect Fum ati A.alla adii PP 2987s errei A igatus N 3T sec igati allahab wCBS14 sect T .fumiga RRL558 t Fum A. ricus ne S142986 ei A. tus CB S 7sect igati A. majo new CB sect Terr fumiga 133.61T Fumigati s 101 rei A. tus DTO26 sect Fu A. majoricuadii N RRL4 sect Ter fumiga 6H1 s e migati . allahab 5574 Terre i A.f tus NRRL1 ctFumig A badii PPRI .63T sect umigatus 64 sectF ati A. allaha ii CBS164 Terrei A. fum PPRI2093 umigati llahabad 561T sect igatus PPR 4 sect Fumi A. a CBS139 errei A. fumiga I10498 s gati A.iranicus 39560 sectT tusPPR ect Fumig cus CBS1 TsectTerrei A.fumiga I12665 sect ati A. irani CBS444.75 rei tusPPRI1308 Fumigati . neoindicus 5.81 sectTer A. fumigatu 4 sect Fum A rreus CBS26 tTerrei s PPRI1 0161 igati A. aureote PPRI13096 sec MK951893 A. fumigatu sect Fumiga reus Terrei s PPRI3505sect Fum ti A. cf aureoter BS503.65T sect A. fumigatus PPRI50 igati . aureoterreus C edes A. fumigatus A ip CMV015C5 9 ct Flav A. f umig 0 sect Fumigati CCF4032 se atus DTO267H1sec A. iizukae 17sect Flavipedes A. fumigatusPP tFumigati A. iizukae CMFISB24 s RI10499sect Fu migati CBS541.69T sect Flavipede A.fumigatus CMV0 A. iizukae ipedes 15C5 sectFumigati A. i izukaePPRI4965sectFlav A. fumigatusCMV015C3 sect Fumig 138188T sect Flavipedes A. fumigatus ati A. capensisCBS PPRI25998 sect Fumigati A. templicola CBS138181T sectFlavipedes A.fumigatus PPRI4975 sect Fumigati A. urmiensis CBS139558T sect Flavipedes A. f umigatus PPRI8527 sect Fumigati A. ardalensis CC F4031T sectFlavipedes A. fumigatus PPRI3283 sect Fumigati A. flavipes NRRL302T s ect Flavipedes A.fumigatus PPRI25993sect Fumigati A. micronesiensis NRRL295 s ect Flavipedes ect Fumigati A. fumigatus PPRI13252s A. micronesiensis CBS138183T sect Flavipedes tusPPRI3479 sect Fumigati A. neoflavipes CBS A. fumiga ati 260.73T sect Flavip edes igatus PPRI10162 s ect Fumig A. polyporicola NRRL32683 MK451395 A. fum umigati A. s T sect Flavipedes fumigatusDTO244G3 sect F pelaeusCCF4425T sect A. D9 sect Fumigati A. janus CBS Flavipedes A. fumigatus PPRI10499 us CMV015 118.45T se A. fumigat 2 sect Fumigati A. fla vus P ct J ani umigatus PPRI852 gati PRI18143 sect Fl A.f 15C2 sect Fumi A. fl avus PPRI26 avi fumigatus CMV0 Fumigati A. flavu 345 sect Flav A. PRI3478 s ect s PPRI1816 i A. fumigatus P sect Fumigati A.flavus P 1 sect Flavi tusMRC435 migati A. PRI22482 sec A.fumiga 525 sect F u flavus PPRI85 t Flavi 99/.95 atusPPRI8 ct Fumiga ti A. fla vusP 51 sect Fla A. fumig V015C1se igati A. PRI18712 sect vi gatus CM sect Fum flavus C MV015C Flavi A. fumi PPRI8523 umigati A. flav 7 sect migatus 0 sect F ati us PPRI20 Flavi A.fu sPPRI856 ctFumig A.flavus 581 sect . fumigatu 6006 s e gati A.fl CMV015C Flavi A us PPRI2 sect Fumi avus PPR 9sectF fumigat 015D8 Fumigati A.flavu I26032 lavi A. atusCMV 58 sect gati A. s PPRI sect Fl A. fumig PPRI85 ct Fumi flavus 26036 sect avi us 394 se Sparsi A. fla PPRI18 Flav A.fumigat sPPRI7 T sect sti A vus CMV015C144 se i KJ775488 KJ775368 igatu 39.61 ect U . flavu ct F lavi A.fum CBS1 4T s usti A. s CBS 6sec sparsus BS12390 4 sect i flavus 110.55 t Flavi A. fumigatus DTO267H1 A. s C ust A.flavuCB se ustu RC123 sect s S574. ct Flavi eudo ustusM C1233 t Usti A.fla MRC131765 se se c A. ps pseudo 0 sec sti A vus M t Flavi A. doustus MR11438 ectU . flav RC37 ct Fl . pseu CBS s Usti A. us MRC17432 s avi A oustus 121601T sect flavus ectFla calid BS 53 ct U sti A. fla PPRI187 5 sect vi A. oustus C PRI153 8se sti A. vusP 1 Flav alid stus P 11322 ect U oryza PRI18 1 sect i A.c u CBS 6s ti A. fla eCB 713s Flav A. calido s PRI897 4 sect Usti 2 A. vus PP S102 ect i lidoustu us P 40 tUs i flavu RI .07T Flavi A. ca PRI9 7 sec Ust A. flav sPPRI26002600 sect dodeflect sP I517 sect A.oryus 1 sec Flavi A. p seu eflectu PPR 9168 ectUsti za CBS56 3 t Flavi tus RI 4T s t Usti A. flavu e NRRL459.6 sectF A. pseudodeflec ctus PP 56 sec sti A. s 5T s lavi udod 5177 t U i A flavu NRR 8 ect Flavi A. pse FCcult4RI . fla s PP L375 sect pseudodeflens BA us PP 8971 secsect Ust ti A. vus RI 1 s Flavi A. scica ect PPRI 03 ctUs flavu PP 2648 ect MK450976 MK451408 A. fu defl us e ti A. fl s RI26 6 se Flav udo ct PRI92278s tUs A avus CBSPPR 04 ct i se odefle tusP sti . flav I26 4 sec Flavi A. fumigatus PPRI5090 A. p ud flec NRRL.74T sec A. u 002 s t F . pse ode ctus 756 9 sectt UUstii flav s PPRI2118 e lav A d BS 1588 t A. fla us .62 ct Fla i . pseu dodefleus C RI 51Tsecct Ussti A vu PP 600 sec vi A seu ct s PP 4 T se t U . fla s P RI1871 7 sec t Fl A. p efle o S142 sti A. vusPPPR avi udod gurr CB 16 secct U A flavus PPRI2 I797 4 sec t Fla pse A. si ns 6 Usti .flav RI26 7 t vi A. ina s CBS123894BT18 ect sti A. u 00 sec Flavi ntam si is I 7 s ct U ti A flavu s P 4set Fla aden ns S140842T559 sese . flav s PR 599 c vi A. corlsb bade 6 ectUssti A. u PPR I327 2 sec t Fl ca rls 345 6 s t U A. flavu s P I23384 t avi A. . ca asper CB 18 sec Usti fl sPPR sec Fla A A. suetus MRCPPRI 4 t sti A. fl av I131 9 t Fl vi . in etus 8C sec U i A a us PRI 4 sec av A su sCCF4 .27 ect st . fla vus CBS1176187 1 s t F i . in uetu 19 T s ct U i A v CBS50 1 ec lav A ins s DTO17S1 se Ust i . flavuus 5 se t Flavi i A. u CB t A. PPR 38 ct uet s 107.25 sect ti A flav s MR 1. s Fl ns etu 32737T2T ect UsUs . fla us I26 65secect avi A. i u sCBSS1 .9 6 s t ti A. vu M C2 34 Flav MK451153 MK451416 . ins B 66 sec tUs i A flavu s RC136652 7 sec t Fl i A suetusC BS209 2 2 Ust . minisc MRC 6 a in iC S14 415 secct sti A. s P sec t F vi A. fumigatus PPRI3505 A. vei CB F se tU A min PRI 6979 sec t Flavilavi ke ii 487T ec sti . m iscl le 2 keveioideA. eve sCC2 87T s t U es A. iniscler roti 602 sec t Fla A. ok icu 38 7 ec t s A. a min ero genes 2 t v aur 79B lan te i tig sectFl i alid es s NRRL6 du an A. fl sc o e avi A.c th cu CBS12TO1 Ni ul ntes A aflaato ler tig ne CB F A. uri s D O179B4ct s d . x ot en s IBT S1 la a us T se t Ni dula A afl toxiformiformanigenees 17 vi ic D T ec Ni ulantes A. . afl atox CB 32 63 thesmanicu t id nteses at s S1 11 3 A. ger 54.74 Tssec t N A piper oxifoiformaan sIBNRR 1 sec A. germananicus7 65 c idulaulant A .ce s T 1763 se t A. BS 65. se tN id ntes . r ic r n CB 32 L6444 ct Fla . germC S4 .65TT ec N s A. ce ea ol man s CBS 07 5T Flav vi A us 505 s ct lantese A c re lis a CBS143680S14 9 s i e CB 0629 T se t Niduladu nt . er al CBS s sec s ect s BS T i ula ntess A au eali is CBS 121.6236 ec Flavi urpur s C 4 sec tN id la te A . a stwicki IBT 79 tFlavit F .p BS14 37 T ec N du an es . ust s 143 13326 T lavi A brunneuian C BS497.654 s ct t A pa CB 32 67 sec io 13 T se t Ni es A .p ra wic S 0 T sec t t atus sC .51 c Nidul .paa s k i CB 1 70s6 sec5 t Flavi A. varn CBS S190.65 se ct lant tes A. ra iticuii 43 se sec F MK451396 10 Nidulan s C S 6 e ct la . auran cate is CB 1 999T0 e t tes A pararasi iti BS1135407 c t Flavit v A idi s S 58 ec . cu s 4T t F Fl Fl i pelunceuien CB 635 s ct Nidu A. pa tic s PP se la av avi A. fumigatus 4 PPRI10161 vir g s I2 7475 s e Nidulan tes A par r sit u P R 36 v i A. A.s n RRL 7 t idulanulantesn s . as ic s PRI518I95 6 c i bur PPR 55 Ts N id te s A p a it u PPR 7 sectt F ski sce orN I secct N n te A . a si ic s 1 7Tse lavi . a e rus RRL58R .74 se t idulaula n . parasitirasit ti u PPR 1se F A A. aureolatusicol e N PP 02 ec d A. parasitic cu s I288 la sper s b us 6 T s ct N i ula A ic s P 3 c ct v ver u r S 33 e t N d . pa u PPRI953PRI I2302 se t Fla i A. a b be rus B HKU49T2 s ulanteslantes A sojar c s 5 c Flav . prot is RL sec tNiid A . as us PPRI953797 se t Fl vi .suA tube sC I26021530 c s . p i u 1 c i A proturo eru NR L se ct N te s A s ar e tic s PPR 8 se t Flaviav . p b s PR R 91TT e A . o a CBS100u PPRI sec c i A. A tu u P R 1 se dulanteslan t . par ja siticu s I 2 t ro ongensn 8 sectc Nidut Nidulantesan es A pa e PPRI14643 4 s t Flavi a us sN13 4838047 t Ni A . a N 75 ec F .p u S L 6 00 se dul .parparasira siticuR s 146 4 se t la A B 2 T ec tNidui antes A s RL PP s c Flavivi . hongk C 56 s c N ntes A . i 92 3 ec t A amoen RI T e Nidulantla pa tic s 19 R 8 6 F ustroafric. P 8 ect t tes A . tr a t u I9 T s t la a A usNRRP RL3 2 Tss n A . a ras siticic s P 8 sec2 ec Flavivi . A. amoentiacus 1227180 5 t Nidul tra n u D P 8 5 s t A n en nus NR 42 .6 9T sec tes A . s iticu u s T R s 13 e F o s 1 3 1 Nidulantes n A .t tra nsmontanm s CBS10O203I2 e t ct la ura oe u CBSS 8 ect Nidu . ra ns o D 60 c sec Fl Flav v a am m n s ct A tr ntas t a i MK451394 e s t Nidula antes .s ns T 4 Fl t v A. .a iCB c Nidulantes A a m N O3 6s avi Fl i i A i CBS5 t Niduladul A . p nsmm o n R 0 C a griseo p r NRRL23 .65T ec t i A . a no o n en RL 0 9 4 ec v A. fumigatus PPRI12665 acinu s ra tane A. amo pe u 93 s c antes A . a n e si 1E 26 se t i A. tab olo 5 2668 se Nidulantes no ra c v o tan n 64 c F . A. ic ct NRRL4768 sec t A . c h tr nt s s 3 6 T t lavi A s u ii 0se A . novoparasiticuv hididicola a e n is M 3 s s F fr w BS t NidulantesNidul s o ns nen n si U ec e lavi ver . PRI1V015B9 se t idulantes A. . e pa s s M sec c . A sydowii PPRI1324ii C P M N tes A sergiir icol m i MUM1UMM tF t A ydo i t n p g r a s s 1 F A. s ow s A . arasiticuii asit ontai MUM 0 t lavi lavi iCi PPRI6542 Nidulantes A . kru C a CB s 10 .20 Fla A. yd PPRI381 sec s . motta CB CBS13001 s i RI13067 sect N A g MUBS icu S n . v dowi T Nidula A . s 1 ensi 0.2 22 5 i A. sect A . su u er 13 S 1761 1 sec A. sydowi iPPPPRI3839 sec b iPPRIM s 1 0 1 1 sect Nidulantest Nidulantes A . tamab flavue s C 176 .22 1 sec A. sy Nidulantes lantes A . t s 1 0 s t A. sydowisydowi wii sect t amar fl CB PPR0 0 CBSBS126 PPRI14272 sec Flavi . ii CMV008E1L13150 sec2806 A . ta a .20 17 1 0 t A ydowi w ulantes A .t tamam ri vu s 1 T 5 s F s NRRL13147T sec Nidu A . i S 8 T se T ec t lav . sydo a ari i C sS8CBS1436831300169 I 8 1 sec Fl A s A . tam mar i 8 928 s se 268498 c se tFla i A. 6329 sec8 sectsect Nidulante Nidulante A .c ta iPPP B e 5 t vi sydo sNRR 3 t Nidulantes A ri P S1 6 c t ct 5384 secT Nidulantes . m a i 4 se c t 0 Fl F a A. NRRL225 sect Nidt Nidulantes antes A . p ael iiPPPPR RI28 3 0 t Fla s la 5 Fl vi ec t dulantes A. . psese ar ri R 33 b s F e avi v a NRRL58600T 2T sect7 A i T c ect l T c i s i 9 t NidulantesNi pseudotamaria iiPPRI2601C I sec t avi v sec ect v MK451397 5s A udoc 2 0 t i sseensi PPRIRI132 . n tu B RI2602I 1 9 s Fl i Fla . jenseniisenii PPRI i antes A . no omi u 73 60 2 ec av Flav A. venenatu n sec tNidulNidulantesidulantes A . n dotama s S 7set T t F . cvjetkoviciiA NRRL227T sect Nidulantes t N A C 104.13 0 sec t v l A. fumigatus .nomiu 9 avi PPRI13084 1 sect nomiuso mi Flav se i Flavi A 900 sec c A .n miu u aelatuBS 2 8 Flavi i A. jejensenii PPRI sec ulantes A . c i . tenne PPRI373 A u s se s t c jenseni 68 Nidulantes . n o s 3 e t t A A. jenseniA. s NRRL35641NRRL585r sect A. . C 763.97 FlaviFla i i t Nid s A pseudonomiuomiusm D s P c c F A. r PPRI3869 sec 7T se sect Nidulantesc p BS2 r s t t lavi NRRL5867 T t A . iu CB PRI375 i s 0 T ec F r PPRI9 2 T secte Nidul A. pseus s i Fla vi r A . p eudonomius s D i NRRL44CB se sec t la A. jensenii PP T lantes A lu se DT TO2 CBS766.97 r PPRI508 8s sec ct Nidulantes coremiif. bertholl DTO243 S 60. Flaviv v 2.55 A. . t T ct i A. crebe PPRI131 3 5 e A eovireu 3 S t i crebe s t NidulantesNidulantes A core d O227B 99 A. crebe 02 T sect Nidulantes A . to donomiuo TO 8 1 sec FlaviF . creber c t Nidu . 26I 1 la T sect Nidulantes A. vand vande n 3 8 A A. . crebe CBS134396T 0 sect Nidulantese t Nidulante A . va g .9 T 7 Nidulantes A. v o se 61 tFl v A s CBS1406 8 . oen 1 3sec 3 i CBS1 Nidulantes A. a m miu 5 sect A. puulaauens A. crebe u 10270 4 A. la van nde e s 61F is BS133.54 Ts t A s c se 6 s s IBT33104 5 Nidulantes vanderme n iifor tiu c E 8 s a s I384 Tsec A vandermerwe o e t T ce 07 Tsec t Nidulantes A. alliaceu . derm s e C 8 F T c vi A. crebero NBRC33 R sect A alliaceus. rme rmis sIBPPRI506 1 s c rC Tsect sec A. alliaceu dermerwe r is s n s B s e t t l F t sec CBS 9 A. .a n erm merwei m sCBS av se Fl A IBT2 S1 sec e c F F l .cr s 5 sec t Nidulantes lantes A o CBS NRRL6552 a PP t NidulantesNidulantes A is T c t la av CBS100523 T sect Nidulantessect magaliesburgensi. neoalliaceu s rwe l i v c t A . ungui tu PPRI5 t Nidulantes A . neoalliaceulliaceu e N t Fl a t CBS143587s 314.89 T sect Nidulantes A . 12 1 vi i Flav A s t Nidulantes A u e rwe CBS553.77 t Flavi vi i israelen a s T sec Nidulantes A . le RRL137 9388 a Flav s t Nidulantes A . lepori s rwe Flavi n sec t A . aspearensis iC 92 6 Nidu A . aspearensi pori 272 vi minatus T sec A .avenac 6 MK451406 A. mulundensi Nidulantes hancocki CBS14368s CBS650.74rwe 5 multicolo CBS1406 T sec t A . avenaceu 3 i . CBS Nidulantes A . iIBT2049NRRL 2 20.95 . T t A. . s B 7 i s sec A . ochraceu i CBS428.93 sec t A . ochraceu s 8 sec Ts A A s T Nidulantes A ochraceus PPRI682 i . PPRI316 pallidofulvuA. s C S se CBS653.73 sect Nidulantes A .ochraceuochraceu CBS536.65 89 T A. fumigatus i PPRI10498 s CBS12625 T t A . ochraceus s CBS129201 sec Nidulantes A . ochraceu CBS5 T t A CCF568i BS 12670 lurise tumidu s A CBS132 sec A . ostianus NRRL522 CBS151.66 T t A. . se c ec m Nidulantes A . ostianu CBS12591 sec t p iseminatu A R 5 8 tNidulantes A pallidofulvu. T Nidulantes A .westerdĳkiaA. .melleu pallidofulvu t CBS496.65 sect Nidulantes A. . pallidofulvu t Nidulantes A Flavi . T muricatus CBS A. pallidofulvus s 1 6 A. auricomuA. A . A sec sec NRRL35024 sclerotiorum A. A .persii A. 6 t

700 Nidulantes A. A . A. t A. c Fl . plurisemi nensi 0sec Circumdati sect CBS138172T salwaensis A. . s Nidulantes . sesamicol s s A t westerdĳkia 23 s . T T Nidulantes westerdĳkia eu CBS13437 12.78 t Flavi CBS486.65 westlandensis CBS137321. westerdĳkia sec t a . sclerotioru . westerdĳkia pseudosclerotioru . i e e A plur westerdĳk CBS143681 a afﬁni 8sec t Nidulantes cretensi 1 Flavi Flavi ceoirmCBS549.65sclerotiorum FRR3425 1 c sec c

. Nidulantes subramaniani pureocrustaceu s FA 5sec tNidulantes freseni CBS350.81 bridgeri s CBS143672s 7 9sec vi sec t Nidulantes 1.6 s CBS426.93T Nidulantes Candidi s s T t t A CBS351.81 sec Candidi s CBS143 6 Nidulantes Candidi sec t savannensi 7sec sect t CBS109.46 s Fl F t t Candidi 2 1 otsw s CBS140608 0 sect t s sPPRI681NRRL41NRRL451 CBS140626 t Nidulantes t sec sec e Flav pur . stercorariu s CBS138.55 T Nidulantes CBS108.08 4sec t l tCandidi Candidi s b recurvatus T sec t Candidi NRRL3503 7 T a desertoru tCandidi sPPRI633 9 sect Flav av sec Candidi CBS129190Ts sec s c . purpureocrustaceu. . recurvatu Candidi s T Flavi T Candidi CBS103.07 A s t Candidi sect t Candidi CBS 1 . Candidi . Candidi vi t Nidulantes t t s Candidi . CBS952.97 sec PPRI2601 t t . 5 t s A A A CBS198.8 t sec sec sec t PPRI616 CBS120.55 0 t CBS546.65 4secTsec Flav i A sec t A Circumdati sect CBS112795T sec t F A recurvatu IFM55265 sec sec t sec ec Flavi A s IBT12265 1340 T sect Nidulantes i s IBT2355 T sect Nidulantes sec CBS550.65 i sCBS1 Flav s 6sec sec s s Flavi l . 117.5 sect 0 s s sec 8 sect Candidi a avi 98/- sec t s 8 9 s t A 2 5 t t sec T s ia 4 CBS1 CBS11279 1 fruticulosu CBS130.4 MRC3329 sec sec CMV012D T 67 t Flavi 1 5 sect Candidi CBS137324 t Fla sect Candidi e NRRL474 Fl i CBS200.7 5sec CBS11280e CBS640.78 Flavi . e 18.32 A. falconensis CBS271.91 m e T sec Flavi . latilabiatu s CBS133.60 CBS467.65 NRRL517e 4 Flavi e 9 Tsect sect Flav t t i

0 avi A s CBS1 CBS 3sec A CBS CBS 7sec Flavi Fla violaceu PPRI8700 sec i v PPRI506 6 sec . PPRI835 Tse i cristatus s 18.5 i 5 T t CBS283.67 113684 . navahoensi 14.26 5 5 Tsec 5 1 sec A 1 sec CBS138230T Circumdati12802T sect Flavi omanensisjaipurensi CBM PPRI2093 3sec vi MRC41 T sect Circumdati sec A s CBS589.65T secCBS240.9 12808 sec tFlavi MRC308 sec 112803T sect Cir sect sec t . rugulosu s CBS191.77 i s CBS279.81 11279 t T Circumdatit ct sulphureoviridiA. . s s sec aurantiopurpureu A 13T UTHSCSADI15 m t Flavi CBS CBS467.8 Flavi . rugulosu PPRI2634 t MK451141 MK451412 rugulosus . spinulosporu pachycristatuA CBS sec Circumdati s CBS492.65 8 Circumdatit Flavi t rugulosu CCF4651T Tsec 2 0 tCircumdati i A pachycristatu . riatu s CBS591.65 s Tsec Flavi CBS14298 CCF3962T sec t A .rugulosus s tritic CBS348.81 sect Circumdati Flavi . sCCF465 IBT19404 Circumdati i CBS266.81T sec t . A. s CBS937.73 tritici sec A T T sec sec Circumdati A. A. pachy A. A rugulosus tritici CCF164 s CBS225.80 1 T rugulosu s CBS566.65T sect Candidi 7sect T Circumdati A. fumigatus PPRI20934 A 5sec A 4 t 1 . latu . s NRRL58579 sec . A. sect t sect Circumdati sect sec cumdati sec Circumdati . s CBS142982 sec A. st A. Circumdatisect A nidulan A Tsec sec A nidulan Circumdati sect tCircumdatit t

.nidulans tritic tCircumdati corrugatu t foveolatu. . A Circumdati Circumdati A .

. Circumdati . TsectCircumdati A A t t t A A Circumdati tCircumdati A C Circumdati

Circumdati Circumdati Circumdati tCircumdati Circumdati pragensi Circumdati t Circumdati t ircumdati

candidu .

quadrilineatus CBS853.9 campestris . pragensis A

t . quadrilineatusquadrilineatu dobrogensi canariensis PPRI606 . coprophilus CBS14298 A . quadrilineatu A. quadrilineatus Circumdati . . A A. candidus A. canariensis CBS142983 sect quadrilineatus CBS125.5 A A A. coprophilu A. dobrogensis . quadrilineatu verruculosus CBS142667 A. A A A. A. quadrilineatu . A. A. subalbidus CBS138194 sec A

A. subalbidus CBS567.65TA. canariensi sect A. A

A. taichungensis A. 98/.97

sect Circumdati A. fumigatus NRRL164 EF669932 EF669792 EF669861 EF669720 A. fumigatus DTO266H1 KJ775486 KJ775342 T A. fumigatus CBS133.61 EF669931 EF669791 EF669860 EF669719 A. fumigatus NRRL5587 EF669996 EF669851 EF669922 EF669783 A. fumigatus CMV015C1 MK951890 A. fumigatus PPRI8560 MK451413 */* A. fumigatus PPRI8558 MK451405 A. fumigatus PPRI8522 MK451403 A. fumigatus MRC435 MK951917 A. fumigatus PPRI3478 MK451410 A. fumigatus CMV015D8 MK951904 A. fumigatus PPRI8525 MK451414 99/* A. fumigatus PPRI8523 MK451404 A. fumigatus CMV015D9 MK951905 A. fumigatus PPRI26006 MK451411 A. fumigatus PPRI7394 MK451402 A. fumigatus CMV015C2 MK951891 A. fumigatus DTO244G3 KJ775484 KJ775302 */* T A. oerlinghausensis CBS139183 KT359601 KT359603 KT359605 A. fischeri PPRI3418 MK451363 A. fischeri PPRI3488 MK451362 99/.99 A. fischeri PPRI3428 MK451361 A. fischeri PPRI26026 MK451359 */* A. fischeri PPRI4507 MK451360 A. fischeri CBS544.65T EF669936 EF669796 EF669865 EF669724 A. fischeri NRRL4161 EF669975 EF669831 EF669901 EF669762 A. fischeri NRRL4075 EF669972 EF669828 EF669898 EF669759 A. fischeri NRRL4585 EF669983 EF669839 EF669909 EF669770 T 99/- A. laciniosus CBS117721 AB299413 AY870756 AY870716 A. laciniosus PPRI3417 MK451163 MK451437 A. laciniosus PPRI3847 MK451438 */* A. laciniosus PPRI3197 MK451440 A. laciniosus PPRI3247 MK451216 MK451439 */* A. laciniosus KACC41644 JN943581 AY870751 AY870711 A. laciniosus KACC41657a AY870750 AY870710 */* A. laciniosus KACC41644a AY870749 AY870709 */* T */* A. takakii CBMFA 884 AB787221 AB787566 A. laciniosus KACC41657 JN943582 AY870752 AY870712 T A. spinosus CBS483.65 EF669988 EF669844 EF669914 EF669775 */* A. spinosus NRRL32569 EF669959 EF669816 EF669886 EF669747 T A. fumigatiaffinis CBS117186 DQ094885 DQ094891 89/- A. fumigatiaffinis IBT13131 DQ094884 DQ094890 */.95 A. fumigatiaffinis PPRI13090 MK451392 */.97 A. fumigatiaffinis PPRI13089 MK450636 MK450913 MK451390 */* A. fumigatiaffinis CCF4482 HE578083 HF933384 A. fumigatiaffinis CCF4499 HF933348 HF933385 */* A. fumigatiaffinis PPRI3210 MK451391 */* A. novofumigatus CCF4078 FR733874 FR775377 FR839688 T 88/* A. novofumigatus CBS117520 DQ094886 DQ094893 A. lentulus NRRL35553 EF669970 EF669826 EF669896 EF669757 A. lentulus KACC41392 AY685171 AY689355 */* A. lentulus KACC41393 AY685172 AY689356 T A. lentulus CBS117885 EF669969 EF669825 EF669895 EF669756 */* A. lentulus NRRL35551 EF669968 EF669824 EF669894 EF669755 */* A. lentulus PPRI7532 MK450952 MK451441 */* A. lentulus PPRI6170 MK451134 MK451442 A. lentulus DTO179A4 KJ775498 KJ775275 T A. fumisynnematus IFM42277 AB250779 AB248076 AB259968 */* A. udagawae CCF4476 HF933371 HF933412 LT796043 85/- A. udagawae CCF4491 HF933370 HF933411 LT796051 A. udagawae DTO166D6 KY808740 KY808579 KY808710 KY808932 99/* A. udagawae DTO308H6 KY808746 KY808586 KY808716 KY808938 A. udagawae CBS142231 KY808752 KY808590 KY808722 KY808944 */* */.99 A. udagawae IFM54131 LT796083 LT796084 LT796085 A. udagawae IFM54132 LT796087 LT796088 LT796089 92/.95 A. udagawae PPRI11324 MK451179 MK451543 */.99 A. udagawae DTO019D7 KY808737 KY808573 KY808697 KY808909 93/.97 A. udagawae DTO019D8 KY808738 KY808574 KY808698 KY808910 90/* T 94/.99 A. udagawae CBS114217 AB250781 AF132226 AB748566 KY808929 */* A. udagawae CBS114218 AB250782 AB248303 AY689373 KY808930 98/* A. udagawae DTO006A3 KY808735 KY808572 KY808696 KY808908 92/- A. udagawae CCF5634 LT796039 LT796040 LT796041

87/- A. udagawae CCF5638 LT796103 LT796104 LT796105 A. udagawae DTO283D3 KY808744 KY808584 KY808714 KY808936 */* A. udagawae PPRI26030 MK451259 MK451544 */.96 A. udagawae CCF4479 HF933377 HF933417 LT796047 T 92/- A. aureolus CBS105.55 EF669950 EF669808 HG426051 EF669738 A. aureolus NRRL20643 EF669945 EU014109 EU014121 EF669733 */* A. aureolus PPRI11297 MK451321 A. aureolus CBS137453 KY808743 KY808583 KY808713 KY808935 */* A. aureolus PPRI3451 MK451322 95/- */* A. acrensis CCF4961 LT795990 LT558743 LT795991 T A. acrensis IFM57291 LT795980 LT795981 LT795982 T 98/* A. wyomingensis CCF4417 HG324081 HF933359 HF933397 HF937378 A. wyomingensis NRRL62907 KJ914688 KJ914710 KJ914737 98/.99 A. wyomingensis CCF4170 HF933356 HF933392 LT796011 */* A. wyomingensis PPRI5178 MK451574 */* A. wyomingensis PPRI5573 MK451573 99/* A. wyomingensis CCF5640 LT796033 LT796034 LT796035 */* A. bezerrae CCDCA11513 MK597912 MK597914 T A. bezerrae CCDCA11511 MK597913 MK597915 T */* A. siamensis KUFC6349 AB646989 AB776704 */* A. siamensis IFM61157 AB776701 LT795995 LT795996 A. arcoverdensis CBS139188 KY808749 KY808588 KY808718 KY808941 */* A. arcoverdensis CBS139187T KY808748 AB818845 AB818856 KY808940 97/* A. arcoverdensis PPRI7491 MK451311 A. arcoverdensis PPRI7514 MK451310 99/* A. viridinutans CBS127.56T EF669978 EF669834 EF669904 EF669765 */- A. frankstonensis CBS142233T KY808756 KY808594 KY808724 KY808948

88/- KY808751 KX903288 KY808719 KY808942 88/- A. viridinutans DTO327G4 98/* A. felis CBS130245T JX021685 JX021700 JX021715 KY808920 */* A. felis CBS130244 JX021675 JX021694 JX021717 KY808915 */* A. species DTO175H3 KY808741 KY808580 KY808711 KY808933 T A. pseudoviridinutans NRRL62904 GQ144441 GQ144442 KJ914730

Fig. 4. Multigene phylogeny of Aspergillus sect Fumigati and Clavati based on a combined ITS, BenA, CaM and RPB2 dataset. Strains from new species are shown in orange text, strains identiﬁed during this study in black text and reference strains in grey text. GenBank accession numbers for ITS (green), BenA (blue), CaM (maroon) and RPB2 (purple) are given behind strain numbers. Branch support in nodes higher than 80 % bs and/or 0.95 pp are indicated above thickened branches (T = ex-type; * = 100 % bs or 1.00 pp; - = support lower than 80 % bs and/or 0.95 pp).

270 ASPERGILLUS IN SOUTH AFRICA

T */* A. quadricinctus CBS135.52 EF669947 EF669806 EF669875 EF669735 99/* T A. tsurutae CBMFA0933 AB488760 AB488768 */* T A. duricaulis CBS481.65 EF669971 EF669827 EF669897 EF669758 T 98/* A. brevipes CBS118.53 EF669954 EF669812 EF669881 EF669742 T A. delicatus CBS101754 DQ114124 DQ114132 T */* A. spathulatus NRRL20549 EF669943 EF669803 EF669872 EF669731 */* A. spathulatus NRRL20550 EF669944 EF669804 EF669873 EF669732 T A. takadae IFM62979 LC367646 LC367657 LC367699 */* A. thermomutatus NRRL1283 EF669929 EF669790 EF669858 EF669717 T A. thermomutatus CBS208.92 EF669946 EF669805 EF669874 EF669734 T */* A. auratus CBS466.65 EF669979 EF669835 EF669905 EF669766 */* A. auratus NRRL4379 EF669980 EF669836 EF669906 EF669767 T A. stramenius CBS498.65 EF669984 EF669840 EF669910 EF669771 T */* A. brevistipitatus CBS135454 HF937386 HF933364 HF933388 HF937380 88/- T A. conversis CBS135457 HF937385 HF933363 HF933387 HF937379 T A. papuensis CBS841.96 EU220280 AY870738 AY870697 T A. solicola NRRL35723 EU220279 EU220283 EU220284 T */* A. pernambucoensis IFM61342 AB743856 AB743862 A. pernambucoensis IFM61343 AB743858 AB743864 T A. australensis CBS112.55 EF669953 EF669811 EF669880 EF669741 T A. elsenburgensis PPRI2994 MK450651 MK451215 MK451513 MK450804 T A. galapagensis CBS117522 DQ534145 DQ534151 T */* A. shendaweii IFM57611 AB488754 AB488762 A. shendaweii IFM57610 AB488753 AB488761 .97/* A. neoglaber NRRL183 EF669938 EF669798 EF669867 EF669726 */* A. neoglaber NRRL3434 EF669964 EF669821 EF669891 EF669752 T A. neoglaber CBS111.55 EF669948 EU014107 EU014120 EF669736 -/* A. hiratsukae DTO237B6 KJ775494 KJ775298 */.99 A. hiratsukae PPRI3260 MK451422 A. hiratsukae CCF4102 FR837959 FR837969 FR837975 FR837977 A. hiratsukae CCF3988 FR733873 FR775343 FR751435 T A. hiratsukae CBS294.93 JN943579 DQ534095 AY870699 99/* A. hiratsukae PPRI9185 MK451420 A. hiratsukae PPRI9172 MK451421 A. hiratsukae PPRI9190 MK451419 T */* A. turcosus KACC42091 HF545008 DQ534143 DQ534148 HF545310 99/* T A. marvanovae NRRL62486 HE974450 HE974387 HE974389 HE974396 T 82/- A. unilateralis CBS126.56 EF669997 EF669852 EF669923 EF669784 T 95/* */* A. multiplicatus CBS646.95 HE974445 DQ114129 DQ114137 HE974397 T x4 A. tsunodae IFM57609 HE974447 AB488755 AB488763 HE974400 T 91/- A. caatingaensis IFM61335 AB743854 AB743860 LT158500 T 97/* A. waksmanii NRRL179 EF669934 EF669794 EF669863 EF669722 98/.99 T A. nishimurae IFM54133 HE974449 AB201360 HE974392 HE974393 T A. assulatus IBT27911 HF545007 DQ114123 DQ114131 HF545311 91/- T A. tasmanicus CBS283.66 AB185279 AY685180 AY689367 LN874010 T */* A. ferenczii CBS121594 EF669977 EF669833 EF669903 EF669764 */* T A. sublevisporus CBS128796 AB488759 AB488767 T */.98 A. denticulatus CBS652.73 DQ114125 DQ114133 T */* A. similanensis KUFA0012 KM095494 KC920701 T A. huiyaniae IFM57847 AB787219 AB787564 T A. fennelliae CBS598.74 EF669994 AF057320 EF669920 EF669781 */.98 R A. otanii NRRL32571 EF669961 EF669818 EF669888 EF669749 A. clavatus PPRI13831 MK451347 A. clavatus PPRI26495 MK451350 A. clavatus PPRI26042 MK451349 A. clavatus PPRI4976 MK451348 A. clavatus PPRI9818 MK451343 A. clavatus PPRI8552 MK451342 A. clavatus PPRI26045 MK451351 A. clavatus PPRI14650 MK451345 x8 A. clavatus PPRI17069 MK451341 A. clavatus PPRI21896 MK451346 A. clavatus PPRI26493 MK951883 A. clavatus CBS514.65 EU078629 EU076339 EU078662 A. clavatus PPRI13832 MK451344 A. clavatus CBS513.65T EF669942 EF669802 EF669871 EF669730 */* A. clavatus CBS236.81 EU078634 EU076343 EU078663 */* x2 A. clavatus CBS334.67 EU078636 EU076342 EU078660 T */* HG529483 HG529481 HG529488 HF954977 */.98 A. posadasensis FMR12168 A. posadasensis FMR12322 HG529484 HG529482 HG529489 HF954978 T 95/* */* A. acanthosporus CBS558.71 EU078625 EU076322 EU078676 EF669779 x4 A. acanthosporus CBS447.65 EU078627 EU076323 EU078678 */* A. seifertii PPRI26025 MK450648 MK451205 MK451510 MK450801 T A. seifertii PPRI3211 MK450647 MK451093 MK451509 MK450800 -/* A. giganteus PPRI26019 MK450637 MK451147 MK451418 x4 A. giganteus MRC453 MN031424 */* A. giganteus CBS119.48 EU078643 EU076332 EU078673 */* T A. giganteus CBS526.65 EF669928 EF669789 EF669857 EF669716 -/* */* A. giganteus CBS515.65 EU078647 EU076338 EU078674 EF669774 x4 T */* A. longivesica CBS530.71 EF669991 EF669847 EF669917 EF669778 97/* A. longivesica CBS187.77 EU078650 EU076329 T x4 97/* A. rhizopodus CBS450.75 EU078652 EU076327 EF669787 A. rhizopodus IMI351309 EU078653 EU076326 T A. clavatonanicus CBS474.65 EF669986 EF669842 EF669912 EF669773 x4 T A. cervinus CBS537.65 EF661268 EF661251 EF661261 EF661229 0.05

Fig. 4. (Continued). integrated into IQtree. BI was performed using MrBayes v. 3.2.7 relationships, which allowed for more reliable alignments and (Ronquist et al. 2012). The most suitable model for each dataset more presentable trees. Thirdly, single gene trees were calcu- or partition was selected based on the Akaike information cri- lated in the case of putative new species to apply the genea- terion (Akaike 1974) using MrModeltest v. 2.4 (Nylander 2004). logical concordance phylogenetic species recognition concept Analyses were performed with three sets of four chains (1 cold (GCPSR) (Taylor et al. 2000). and three heated) and were stopped at an average standard deviation for split frequencies of 0.01 using the stoprule. Trees Morphology were visualised in Figtree v. 1.4.4 (https://github.com/rambaut/ ﬁ ﬁ gtree/releases) and visually prepared for publication in Af nity Morphological characterisation and species descriptions were Designer v. 1.7.1 (Serif (Europe) Ltd, Nottingham, UK). ML and made using standardised protocols published in Samson et al. BI tree topologies did not differ, and thus the former was chosen (2014). Colony characters were captured on Czapek yeast to present results with both boostrap values and posterior autolysate agar (CYA), CYA with 5 % NaCl (CYAS), DG18, probabilities shown for supported branches. MEAbl (Oxoid LP0039 malt extract, Oxoid LP0034 peptone), Several phylogenetic analyses were prepared. Firstly, a total MEA (Samson et al. 2010), oatmeal agar (OA), yeast extract phylogeny based on ITS, BenA, CaM and RPB2 sequence data sucrose agar (YES) and creatine sucrose agar (CREA). Strains was calculated which covered all sections detected in this study. were three-point inoculated on these media in 90 mm Petri Secondly, smaller datasets were prepared based on observed dishes. Plates were incubated in darkness for 7 d at 25 °C, with

www.studiesinmycology.org 271 VISAGIE,HOUBRAKEN

ITS |BenA | CaM | RPB2 A. quadrilineatus CBS125.55 KU866577 KU866817 KU866699 KU866954 .caaoaiu B446Tsc Clavati sect CBS474.65T clavatonanicus A.

.acanthosporuA. acanthosporu. A.

.lnieiaCS3.1 sec CBS530.71T longivesica A. .rhizopodu A.

.posadasensisA. FMR12322 Clavati sect

.longivesic A.

.giganteuA.

posadasensi rhizopodus A.

.giganteu A. .ggnesPR209sc Clavati sect PPRI26019 giganteus A. .ggnesCBS giganteus A.

Aspergillus .clavatusA. CBS513.65T Clavatisect A

.clavatusA. CBS334.67 A A Aspergillus

A. Clavati sect MRC453 giganteus . A. clavatuA. PPRI32 seifertii A. Aspergillus t Aspergillus Aspergillus seifertiiPPRI26025. A clavatus. CBS236.81 Clavati sect A.

A t sect Aspergillus A clavatuA. A

similanensi. fennelliaeA. CBS598.74 sect sublevisporu clavatusA. PPRI13832 sect Clavati clavatus PPRI26493 sectClavati . . A .clavatus .clavatusA. PPRI1465 clavatu

clavatu 5 t Aspergillus A. tasmanicu denticulatus CBS652.73T sec A. clavatusA. A otaniA. clavatuA. .clavatu sec 4 sect Aspergillus .clavatusA. PPRI17069 Clavati sect CBS450.75T s 0 sect Aspergillus 4sect A huiyaniae. s s a Aspergillus sCBS515.6 Aspergillus clavatu 9 T sect Aspergillus tAspergillus Aspergillus A. ferenczii. CBS121594 s t Aspergillus CBS526.65 t t CBS447.65 Clavatis sect A. unilateralis CBS126.56 CBS558.71T Clavati sect A. nishimuraA. A. Clavati sect CBS187.77 Aspergillus A. caatingaensis IFM61335 T sect Cervini MK951887 FMR12168T IMI351309

marvanova s AspergillusAspergillus A. sect Aspergillus sec t Aspergillus Aspergillus A. multiplicatu waksmanii NRRL179T sect Fumigati PPRI26042s sect Clavati assulatus PPRI26045s sect sec tAspergillus t Aspergillus PPRI26495s A i CBS514.6 t pergillus sect Aspergillus Aspergillus A. quadrilineatus t PPRI26342 turcosu Aspergillus A. strameniu 4sec Aspergillus sect . A. galapagensi NRRL32571R sPPRI8552 AspergillusAspergillus PPRI4976 sect Clavati 119.4 t t A. A. tsunoda s t pernambucoensi sKUF sPPRI2189 sect t t sec sec T CBS128796s CCF4248 sect sec 0 sect Aspergillus Aspergillus tAs PPRI13831 sect CMV012H A PPRI9818 sec sPPRI2603 9 sPPRI867 t sMRC1250sec pernambucoensi s s PPRI4851 sect Aspergillus sec sec 1 . A. auratus IFM57847 sec sec sec 4 Aspergillus Aspergillus CBS283.66 Clavati sect 11 7 A e 8sectClavati5 2 t tAspergillus t A. KACC42091Ts sect Fumigati Clavati sect T 9 5 sec Aspergillus t Aspergillus . lse e IFM54133e A0012T sect Fumigati t Aspergillus t Aspergillus0sec

sect A. brevistipitatu IBT27911 Clavati sect Aspergillust australensi T etClavatisect t auratu NRRL62486 5sec sec A. papuensis CBS841.96T sec Clavatisect sec tAspergillus sec 40 nburgensis sect A PPRI2603 sec t AspergillusAspergillus A. conversis PPRI3791 sect Aspergillus sec sec CBS646.95Ts PPRI26033 sect Aspergillus T t solicol. e t T T sec 6 CBS498.65s CBS522.65T sec CCF539 6 0sect sPPRI13419 PPRI26000 sect Aspergillus sec 1 T sect Clavati Clavati Clavati CCF539 IFM57609T sect sect O322A T T 6sectClavati CBS141930 sec Aspergillus s sect Clavati i PPRI4908 PPRI26348 s 14.27 A. A CBS466.65T Tsect i PPRI13427 sec T s 9 sec t sec tClavati Clavati i DTO092D3 sect Aspergillus sec s 1sec 1 A CBS s sectT Fumigati 5 Aspergillus Aspergillus shendaweii. sect Clavati D 2 Tsec CBS123.53T sect AspergillusNRRL6249 t t neoglab. s s NRRL4379 sec Tsec Clavati 12.26 Aspergillus montevidensi sectT Fumigati montevidensi sPPRI673 CBS121.45T sec A hendaweii IFM57611 tFumigati Clavati s 1 t . montevidensis PPRI633 s a NRRL35723Ts sect IFM61342T . Aspergillus t porosus CBS375.75 IFM61343s sec sectT Fumigati Clavati . montevidensis CBS491.65T s . Clavati CBS 1 t

A. cervinus CBS537.65 Tsec A. montevidensi A . porosus CBS141770T sect Aspergillus sec Fumigati A. 117522T se A . CBS A. montevidensi A. montevidensis A tFumigati A Aspergillus A. neoglabe A. montevidensis CCF537 chevalieri PPRI299 A. montevidensis MRC123 A. intermedius CBS523.65 chevalieri Fumigati A. intermedius CBS377.75 sect Aspergillus sec sectT Fumigati A s t Fumigatit A . chevalieri PPRI6331 sect Tsec T .neoglaber A. porosus PPRI3419 PPRI2634 sCB Tsec A. porosu A. hiratsukae tFumigati A. caperatus CBS141774T sec CBS CBS471.65 Aspergillus CBS135457T A. chevalieri PPRI26554 .chevalieri CBS516.65 MRC45 sec A. hiratsukaeA hiratsukae PPRI PPRI191 A EXF1002 T A. . chevalieri i s MRC46 t A. CBS142376 Aspergillus .hiratsu A s i s Aspergillus 1 TsectFumigati A. chevalieri PPRI541 chevalieri CBS14176 s T t Fumigatit A s NRRL12 s UTHSCSADI1 A. er CBS111.55T sect 12.55 A. chevalieri t sect Fumigati A. chevalier s A S135454 A. chevalier proliferan s 9sec A. chevalier KU866568 KU866808 KU866691 KU866942 sect Fumigati tFumigati A. Cremei t A. hiratsukae hiratsukae. CCF3988 IFM57610 sec A. chevalieri sec A. he A. cristatu proliferan sec t A. NRRL343r A. proliferans CCF478.proliferan aurantiacoflavu A 4 sect Fumigati Fumigati A. . aurantiacoflavu T A. s rm sect Fumigati A. proliferans 8 t .hiratsu A . aurantiacoflavu remei A. quadrilineatus CBS937.73 T hermomu k ct Fumigati A . glaucu oglaucu CremeiCremei hir t A . glaucu sec C Cremei o ae NRRL183 sect Fumigati A . brunneu CBS374.75 t emei Cremei A. spath Fumigati A . niveoglaucu CBS141773 Cremei t t p mutatusatsu A . neocarnoy CGMCC3.0396 s T emei t A . t Cr A athulatu CBS294.93 T neocarnoy CBS138177i PPRI342 A. delicatus PPRI917 sect Fumigati F A . levisporus CBS141767 i sec sect t Cremei . A . pseudoglaucus i sect sec Cr Cremeiemei pseudov Tsecsect Fumigati umigati A . sec t k k A . pseud 5 4 sec t emei A. b t A pseudoglaucu 9 2 T c Cr r A A a a Fumiga . pseudoglaucu sec t eDTO 4 Fumigati A . CBS530.65T secDAOMC146054 8 e t C . A .d ul atus N eP CCF41 19185 sect A . microperforatu sect s sec qua A . microperforatu r CBS10174i 9 t .t revi a CBS2 90 sect Fu sec Fumigatit A sloani KACC46346 18.3 CremeiCremei u s t . 9 T t c t sec A . zutongqii 1 sec t Cremei s ricaul u NRRL20549 P A s remei t iridind urutae 2 sect Fumigati Fum . zutongqi S 1 se Cremei r pe s R t Fumigati A . zutongqi CBS104.07 C t Cremeiremei i NR R 237BI Tsec tFumiFumigati ti A . rube CCF336 sec sec T t Cremei C A c s C 0 326 02 sect Fumigati A ruber i CB t sec t ei inctus CBS135.52T RL128 A appendiculatu 1 4 t . A u is CBS481.65TCBSB s 8 igati A. . i CBS130.4 CBS13439 sec T frankst . RL20 . sec . mallochi i PPRI2604 sec A. tan S 92T A . cibariu s CBS134393 9 sec sec em sp CB 10 6 0 tFumi A i PPRI2634 sec r Fumigati A . wentii enti s NRRL5085 0 C ei A viridi A sNR s Fumigatit migatigati . wenti i PPRI2599 CCF187 649.74 T A ecie M 1 17 s e A i s CBS472.65 t A . . felis. C 18 5 3 sec e A . w s A. viri T ct c A . wenti s A. a .arc o felis FA0 5 5 se tFum wenti aeu sect Cremei n nu sDTO1 . 0sec A . p CBS 132308.74 sec Crem arcov d e R 53 4 sec Fumigt Fumigati g A . wenti PPRI2603sCCF504 1 1 t ei A i TsectFc . wenti s T c 97/- nu n tan L62904 ati A . r o CB 933 Tsec tF . europaeu s CMV012CCBS108.63 Cremei a c ve si B t A .65 se t r o ta s CBS142233sD Fu umigati ig A euro rysellu s 1323 KU866609 KU866852 KU866748 KU867009 A c e verdensird n S S1302 Tsec t A. . chrysellu CBS257.85TCBS14275 1 T A . overderd s 13024 7 F ati . ch rphicu s s sCBSCBS64 sec t CremPolypaecilum .w wy en T 5H3 s e tFumigumigatim A s t A. w e CBS127.56O ct Fum at A . dimorphicuepultu nsi T errei A. quadrilineatus Tsec CBS118.51 n se umig igati om s i A . s nsi CBS 5.32 sec T A A y s is 3 44 t A . dimo sec t . ominge is CBS1 27G4 s ct Fumigati s CBS50011 8 wy .wyomyo ing n sPPP 5 A . dimorphicu T A mi sis CBS139 P T secec Fumigatit F ati A . sepultu s . en R umiga i at A . dimorphicu BS .61 w o n sect F t ga sporle C T sec errei min gens si R I749 T t Fu i A . e T errei yomingensisi n 3 I751 ec Fu t A . flaschentraegeri s Terrei T g ngensis si sC T sectsect Fumigati mi i A . CBS477.65 t errei A. s A. sPPRI55739187T s tF gorakhpure T ensi 1 um mi t A . romatoidenicu s NRRL451 sect t errei s is CF564 4sse gat i A s 4 T i ia P Fu u g st CBS384sect sec t errei A amensi sNR 1 c mi ig ati i A. gorakhpurensi. stromatoide s 5 5 sec me PR 88 s e tFu A . tTTerreierrei .ac CCF41 c migagatiati itaco CBS124230 4 sec t T i A n I517 0 ec t A . cremeu i 7 sec c ei . A. r sis C RL ect tFumigatFumigatim A . UAB 1674 r A aureo ensiss CF4417 sect Fumiga A ta i IBT2638 2 i er . a KU I 62 8sectsec ig ti insolitu i 3sesectTerre T au crens F 70 se Fumigati ati A. cremeu. hor IBT 5 t rre t M6 9 A . i e i A. re l IF F 07 t horta i IBT1674 erreierreiT sec A o u i M C 1 F A . PPRI870 sec T T t errei A . aureolulu s sCC 63491 Tsecs c um A .horta i 1 t c erreiT T Terre A . aureo sCN 5 5 e tFumFumigat i horta ta i PPRI990 T 1 t . aur R 7291T sec7se c A . hortar a PPRI75327 sect se t errei u R F4 t Fumigati ig ti A . i PRI2599 0 sect T A dagae B L2 T t at P 4 9 sec sec 5 sec t errei . oluslu s S 961 sect Fumct F F i A .ho i 3 T KU866630 KU866869 KU866768 KU867032 s 1 ig hort IBT6AB 4 1 t i A. udA. udaudaga PPRI3405.55T0 s u ati i A . hortata i O6I 6 9 sec w PPR 643 sect u mig A . a U T 4 Terrei ae P C s migat A rt D I58 CBS13892 sec t erre A. quadrilineatus CBS467.88 e tFum o A. uda agawa w B I ct Fumig a . horh i CBS134.6 IBT2638 0 tT gaw a S1 11 ti A . us s 59 c A.ud e PRI113 2 51 igati A hortai PPR NRRL1 a IF 7 97 sect Fumigatiec i i . horta i 0seerrei A gaw eI 45 sec t Fum ga A . PPRI746 t T . udagawaeag CCF447eC M F A hortaiorta BT14 Terrei A a a FM 54 32 3 tF um a ti . t . wa e BS 1 4 se igati ti A IBT6450 sec erreii A udagawa D 541313 se sec ct um igati A. h citrinoterre erreus s 8 sec tT e i A . e TO 142 2 itrinoterreut rreus I NRRL262 err . u DT sect Fu Fumigatig A. .c e s sect T erreei A ud dagawae C O 308H23 t F ati A citrinoterreuserreu 93 9 t T rr . a 166D 1 u . 0 sec e A. udagaudagaga e s c m A . citrinoitrinot sec rei i w C 6sece tFumigati A c rinot 2 ct TTer re ae CF4491 ct Fumigatim i . cit s CBS125.3 7 se t r A. udagaww 6 ig A . 5 ec Te i ae DTOPP CF 6 se tFumi a A citrinoterreus PPRI2PPRI2602 6 ct rre i A. A w RI2 secc ga ti . terreu s 4. 7s e e e u . udagawaeae 447 tFu ti A . PPRI86759 2 s t T err A da D 6 9ssect Ft i A terreu us PPRI259918. 73 tT i . gawa a TO028 03 Fu m gat A. terreure s BS 1 secec Terrei e A. ud eCCF 3D3 s0 e mi ig i . r C S 103 2 s Terr i A. fum agawaeeCBS1142 CBS114 0 sectc Ft Fumigu ati A us CB RI 28 ct t ei i A uda 6A migatiga A.teterreu s P se erre err erre . gawae DTO019D8CCF5 sect5 Fumigati3sectFec ti re P 86 sec T tT T i udagawa 63 um A. ter rreu PRI8 0 T ct ct ei rei KU866607 KU866850 KU866746 KU867007 syn t . P rr 6 4 Fumi a A te PRI26027I13 se sec se e Ter n 38 se ig ti . erreus 25 1 T t A. l emat 17 se c um ati A . t sP . 312 ect T A. quadrilineatus CBS113684 e T tF gati A terreusu PPR 1 s 1 sec A entulusus DT 218 sesecctF um igat . s CBS601.65106 T 09 i ei .le IFM42O019D u igati A . terrerreu s IB 46 rre rr A n tF migat i A te CBS s CBS130.55e i Te A. lentu.lentulus PPDT ct umig . s s RRL ctTBS14275 t O1792 7sec Fu A . terreu nu N e C Terre sec errei A. tul 77 mi a i A terreuafricanuca us 3s w ct 0T t T ei len lu us PPRI7532 sectT gatiti . fri n ne se 9 ec A.le tul sCBS RI6170A se4 se t F A neooa ca I990 s 9 8 s t Terr rei 96/- u se ct umigati A. e fri u 22 123 0 i A A. ntulussN 1 ct Fumi . n oa PPRnne 4 BS 9 sec t Ter e . novo len RR 178 F A ne i RI C sec Terr A. tulu K 8 ct u g A. i bruPP us PPRI915I918 ct rrei f lentulu s KACC4139ACC41393L3 5T s s Fu mi ati . fimetet e e is PR e Te A. um 55 m gati A fim tia err ns P 6s ct rrei no iga s 51 se ect FuFu igati A. eld dot sis 920 se t Te A. vofu tu N migat . h u ame s PPRI8741RI 7 ec errei t Terrei fum m s CB RR ctF mi A pse lab PP I874 6 s t T ec A. f igat iga S L3 2 ec um g i A. f al is PR sec s umigatiiaffi tus C 11 55 sec tFu i ati . c allabamen s P 81 rei A.fu 7520T53 t m gat A f en sis 8979 29 er m nis C se Fu igati i A.cf allabamensibam n s PPRI869I ct T rrei A. fumiA. f igatiafaffin PPRIF4078 sectctFumim . c la CBS14se Te umiga isC iga A f al abameensi ew ct i fin CF43210 secse Fumigatig ti . c all m nsis PPRs n 74924 se re KU866622 KU866863 KU866760 KU867023 gat A e A. f iaffinistiaf is ct ati f laba atu RI 18 Ter umigati fin CC 49 Fu A.cf al RI9 ct A. isIBT13F44829se t Fu migat .c allabamosulc sisPPP 9 se Terrei ei A. quadrilineatus P CBS853.96 fum af CB c m A cf i n s F sect Terr i igatiaffinfini S1 1 sec t Fumigatiigatii A. ensi O15 F8 t Terre A.sp s PPRI130917186T31 t aurantalabame DT 15 8sec t in is sec Fumigati A. cf abam sis O T sec rei A. s osu PP s tFu A. f all n is DT 3 Ter pin s CBS483.RI 0 ectF m . c ame s PPRI26022569 ect ei A. lac osus NR 130 se um iga A alab men is S1 2 s Terr ei i 89 ctFu ig ti A. a ns CB 270 ct Terr A. lacinniosu R 65 sec m ati . alab is T1 3se ect ei s L325 Ts tF ig A abame ns s IB 256 4 s Terr A. l ios PPRI3 69 secect umi ati . al bame BT2 99 rei */* ac us Fumigatg A la ensi I 25 sect Ter A. inio PP 24 ati .a m nsis PRI 6 ect A. lacinlaci sus RI31 7 s t Fu A alaba me s P I2599 0 s niosu PPR 97 ect miga i A. aba si PPR 1 i A.l iosus C sP I38 sect Fumig ti . al is RL298 Terre ei acin PRI 47se Fumig ati A allabamen s NR sect t Terr T ios B 34 . ec A. lacin u S1177 17sectct F a A si Ts i A iosu sKACC2 umig ti A. allabamensamen IBT22556 t Terre . laci s 4 1T sect FumigatFumigatiat alab us 116.37 sec nios KACC 1657 i A. ccos s CBS .27T Terrei A. takakiius K 41644 se . flo osu 115 ect rrei A.l ACC ct Fumig A flocc CBS 5 s t Te acin CBMF41644a sec i A. eus RL51 sec errei EF652433 EF652257 EF652345 EF652169 iosus KACC A t Fum ati niv s NR 751 ct T A. 884T sectsect Fumigatiiga A. veu 55 se Terrei fische 416 ti A. ni s NRRL419 sect rrei A. quadrilineatus CBS591.65 A.fisc ri NR 57a sect Fum .niveu NRRL .91 t Te her RL4 igat A veus 471 9 sec Terrei A. fischer i NRRL4075585 sects Fumi i A.ni CBS 111.4 sect A. i ectFu gati niveus s CBS 4.65T errei fischer NRRL mig A. rneu ct T i A i CB 4161sectFumigatiati A. ca usCBS49298 se tTerre . fischer S544.6 carne NRRL 8 sec i A. i PP 5Ts Fumig A. neus RL192 ect Terre rei fische RI4507 seect Fumig ati . car NR 4 s ct Ter A. fis riPPR c a A rneus PRI1309 7 se rrei cheri P I3488 t Fumi ti A. ca us P PPRI898 sectTe A. fisc PRI341 sect Fumigagati . carne i I8751 rei A heri P 8 sec A allahabadiii PPR ect Ter A. oer . fische PRI3428 t Fumig ti A. cf habad 534 s rei linghaus riPPR sec ati f alla iPPRI7 tTer rei ensis C I2602 t Fum A.c adi I9194sec sect Ter T 6 ig A. fum BS1391 sect Fumig ati A. allahab iPPR 142987 errei A. igatus NRRL558783Ts secec ati allahabadi w CBS 6 sectT fumiga t Fumigati A. ricusne 4298 ei tus CBS13 t A. majo w CBS1 ect Terr A. fumigatus DT 3.61T Fumiga oricusne L4101 s O266H sect Fu ti A. maj adii NRR sectTerrei A. fumiga 1sect migati allahab 5574 Terrei KF465768 AB248334 KU866693 KU866946 A tusNR Fumigati A. dii PPRI 3T sect . fumigatus RL164 sec A. allahaba 164.6 rrei A.f PPRI2093 t Fumiga habadiiCBS 1T sec tTe A. latus a CBS492.65 umigatus P 4sect ti A. all 13956 rei A. PRI104 Fumigati ranicus C BS 0 sect Ter 99/* fumigat 98 sec A. i rrei usPPRI12 t Fumigati nicus CBS13956 75T sect Te A. fumigatu 665 sectFu A.ira us CBS444. rrei s PPRI13084 migati A. neoindic 81 sect Te A. fumigatusP sect Fumig a oterreus CBS265. sect Terrei A. f PRI10161 sect Fu ti A. aure s PPRI13096 umigatus PPR migati . cf aureoterreu sect Terrei A. fumi I3505 sect F umi A s CBS503.65T gatus PPRI 509 gati A. aureoterreu pedes A. f umigat 0 sectFumigati zukae CCF4032 sect Flavi s us DTO267H1 se ct F A. ii B2417 se ctFlavipede A. fumigatusPPRI1 umigati A. iizukae CMFIS 0499sectFumiga BS541.69T sect Flavipedes A. fumigatus CM V0 ti A. iizukae C es 15C5 sect Fumigati A. iizuk aePPRI4965 sect Flaviped A. fumigatus CMV015C3 sec tFumigati 138188T sect Flavipedes A. fumiga A. capensis CBS tus PP RI25998 sect Fumigati A.templicola CBS138181Tsect Flavipedes A. fumigatus PPRI4975 sectFumigati A. urmiensis CBS139558TsectFlavipedes A. fumigatus P PRI8527 sect Fumigati A. ardalensis CCF4031T sect Flavipedes KU866629 KU866868 KU866767 KU867031 A.fumigatus PPRI3283 se ctFumigati A.flavipes NRRL302T se ct Flavipedes 97/- 25993 sect Fumigati A. nidulans PRI CBS240.90 A. fumigatusP A. micronesiensis NRRL295 sect Flavipedes migati A. fumigatusPPRI13252 sect Fu A. mi cronesiensis CBS138183Tsect Flav 479 sect Fumigati A. neo ipedes A. fumigatus PPRI3 flavipes CBS260.73TsectFlavipedes A. fumigatus PPRI10162 sectFumigati A. polyporicola NRRL32683Tse G3sect Fumigati A. spelaeusCCF ct Flavipedes A. f umigatusDTO244 igati A 4425Tsect Flavipedes MV015D9 sec t Fum . janus CBS118.45T A. fumigatus C sectFumigati A. flavus PPRI18 sectJani sPPRI8522 ti 143 sect Fl A. fumigatu 15C2 sect Fumiga A. fl avus PPRI avi umigatusCMV0 gati A. fla 26345sect Flav A.f 8sectFumi vus PPRI1816 i A.fumigatus PPRI347 sect Fum igati A. flavusP 1sect Flavi us MRC435 igati A PRI22482 sec A. fumigat 25sectFum . flavus PPRI8551 s tFlavi atus PPRI85 Fumigati A. flavus ect Flavi A. fumig 5C1sect ati PPRI1871 */* 01 A gatus CMV sect F umig .flavus C 2 sect Flavi 96/.99 A.fumi 3 gati A. fla MV015C7 migatus PPRI852 ect Fumi i vus PPRI2 sect Fl a A. fu PPRI8560 s Fumigat A. flav 0581 se vi MK451456 gatus 6 sect i us CM V01 ct Flav A.fumi RI2600 t Fumigat A. flavus 5C9 s i migatusPP 5D8 sec gati A. fla PPRI26 ect Flavi A. nidulans 1 PPRI20935 A. fu s CMV0 sect Fumi i vus PP 032 sect RI8558 umigat A. flav RI2603 Flavi A. fumigatu 4 sect F arsi A. us PPRI1814 6sect Flavi migatus PP sectSp flavus CMV015C 4 A. fu gatus PPRI7399.61T Usti A. fla sect Fla A. fumi BS13 04Tsect sti A vus CB 6sec vi susC S1239 sect u .flavus S110.5 t Flav A. spar B 4 tusti A. fl CBS574. 5 sect i ustus Cus MRC123 3sec A avusM 65 Flavi A. pseudo udoust ct Usti .flavu RC13 sect F A.pse stus MRC123380 se Usti A. fla s MR 17 sec lavi eudou BS114 ct ti vus C373 t Flav A. ps us C 1601Tse Us A. fla MRC17452 sect i idoust BS12 53 sect sti A. flavuvusP Flavi A. cal us C I153 ectU i PRI1 sect Flav idoust s PPR 28 s Ust A. o s PPR 8711 i T A. cal 1132 ect i A ryzaeCBI18 sect calidoustu CBS I8976 s tUst . flav S 713 sec Flavi A. ustus PPR 4 sec ti 2 A. flavuus PP 102.07T t Flavi calido ctus RI940 ct Us A s RI2600 s A. defle PP 77 se ct Usti . flavu PPRI2 1s ectFlav eudo us I51 8 se i A.o sCBS6003 ectFlavii A. ps PR I916 ct Ust ti A ryza 5 sec EF652427 EF652251 EF652339 EF652163 eudodeflectectus P PPR T se t Us . fla e N 69.65 t A. ps efl 564 ec sti A. vusN RRL TseFlavi dod flectusCcult4 177 s ctU flav RR 458 ct A. nidulans CBS589.65 de sti A. us L3 se Fla A. pseu eudo sBAF tU A flavu PPRI2 751 ct F vi A. ps cican ctusPPRI5I89713sec se Usti . flavu s PPRI2606 sec lavi . fus e I920 ect ti A 486 t Fla 99/* s . s A dodefl ctus PPRR 78 ctUs flav PPRI2600 sec vi seu us PP RL2 se A. fla us 44 s t Fla A. p ect 74T ectUsti A vus CBS ect vi pseudodefle tusNR56. 9 s .fla PP 118.6 2secFlav A. eudodefl c sect Ustisti A. vus RI 2 t F i ps dodefle s CBS7RI1588 ti A flavu PPR 2600 sec lavi A. seu ctu PP TsectUt Us . fla s PPRI79I1 7 t Fl A. p defle rros S142451T94 ec sti A. vus 871 sec avi udo gu CB 38 U ti A flavu PPR 4s t Fla e A. si S12 sect Us . flavu s I2 77 ect vi A. ps nans CB T ect i A. PPRI259600 sect F Fla ami sis is IBT186160842 7 s s Ust i A flavuss PPPR 4 vi cont den ns 4 sect st . fl se lavi T de t U i avu I 9 ctF A. ba 456 st A. P 3274 sec2 s lavi .carlsarlsbaper CBS1s MRC5593 U ti A flavu s P RI23 ect A c as etu PRI sect Us .flavus PR 3 Flavi A. A. su 4 ct sti A. PP I131 89 t Flav .in tus P 8C e tU ti A flav s CBSRI 41 sec i A nsue tus CCF418617 .27 sec s ec . flavuus 187 s t Fla A. i ue DTO 9 T s tUssti A. C 117 15sect v KX423658 KX423622 AB524038 KU867034 ins us S11 25 U A flavu sPPRBS 6 ec Flav i A. et . fl 50 38 tFlavii nsu tusCB sectct Ustiti A. av s MRC2I2 1.6 sec A. foveolatus i CBS279.81 . BS107. e Us fla u 63 5sectFlavi A ue .92T6 s t A. vu s M 4 tFl . ins tus C S132737T209 66 sec i A fla s R 5 7 avi A sue s CB S 2 t Usti .mivu M C136626 sec de CB sec t Ust i A n sPPRRC6 se tF A.inioi ii Ust i A . m isclero 9 ct lavi e iiCBS14CF415287T secTsecct st . in I 79 s sec Flav . kev .kevee sC 7 se tU A mi iscle 26 t Fl i A A ricu 7 ec A . mininis ro tigen02 ect av 88/- u s antess . cl t 2 F i alidokev S12388179BB4 A aflatoxsclerotigeeroti ige es se lavi .c thesa s NRRL624O 79 Nidul tes . afla ne C ctF A A. icu CB ct dulantean es A. geness BS lavi aur icus TO1se Ni ul A aflatoxiforto iform IB 11763 s n icus DT ct . a xi n C T3 .the a n sD e tNid s A. fl for an es NRRLB 211 A erm rma cu 4.74TTs ec Nidulantnte A pi atoxi man s S1 1 3 s .g e 5 t idulantesla tes . pe m IBT3207 17 sec ec T A .g 5.6 5Ts N u n A cerear formanan s 635 t F A germani 6 t A . ce icol CB 6 t Flavilav . CBS75 05.6 9T secsec t Nid es . r l aCB s CBS1S 44 T i A eus CBS45 62 Nidula s A cer eal isCBS s 143 9 4 sec s S 40 65T ct dulanteslant te A . au eal i CBS se se t 1 7. 4T sece Ni u an . s I S143 21. 67 ct ct Flavi purpurnneu s t Nid ul ntes A au stw is BT 1 1 9T F Flav ru ians CBCBS S49 37 T ec t id a A . parasitistwi i C 3 43 6 332 62 seclavi KU866574 KU866814 AB476811 KU866951 A. c ntes ck BS 2 80 i iob var s B 0.65 Ts tN dul la . ii 07 67 6 sec nt . atu sC 9 se c Ni u ntes A. pa ck C 1 0 6 T 5 t t Fl a A en u BS134 0.51 T se t la s A par rasiticu ii B 43674secsec sec sec Flavi a A. corrugatus e CBS191.77 c vi sC 1 999 e lantes A . parasitic cu CB S1 t t . aur icat lunc si 8 ct NidNidu . as sP S 3 t F Fl tF A id e ien us CBS1 5 63507sse du lante A par it 1 540 T Flavila avi la vir rg lat sCBS1 5 ect A . paras icu s P 43677 sec vi vi A. A. sp u o n 7 s ctNi s . as s PPRRI95 6 ib e PRI2L587455 T antese A parasit i u PPRI2 se t Fla sk sc sP I se Nidulantes A . tic s I 1 T c a . auree lor NRRLu R .74 T ect Nidut idul .pparas iti u P 51 1 s t v A. A per co er NRRP 02 49 N lantes A c s P 8 se ec Fl i s b s sP 6 Ts t . a i us P R 88 3 c t av a tu 33 t Nidulant A par rasi it cu PPP I2 s t F i A. bversio beru ru HKU c A . soja icu s RI79730215 ec Flavila u .pr u CBSis 60210sec sec . a tic PPRI9RI953 se t vi A ube s Nidulantes tes A. pa si u s c Fl A. s ot L53 Tsesect Nidu A s rase ticus s PPR 8 s t F av .prot.pr s NRRL2 R ect ulan es A . oja C PP s ec lavi i A A tuberu u 8T s ct Nidulantesd t .pparasiticuit B I 5 2 e t o kongensn s PPRI2 7 se t Nidulantesan A e icu S1 PPRI1RI137 34 sec ct Fl pr g a sNR t Ni A .p a NR F a T 483 rasi s 0 4 54 sec t lavi vi A. hon oenu 2604600Tsec t Nidulantes A . parara R P 0928 63 s Flavi . 5 Nidul ntes A . PR 464 e t A am s CBS138191NRRL Tsecsec t Nidulantes para si ticu s L1 6 c Fla . amoenu ec t A . t a ticu 98 I9 T s t austroafricA . us PPRI T s Nidulantesantes A . ra si s PPR s 2 e Fl vi . A s RRL3122718 ec t tr n s ti D 8 5 e s ct avi A N s Nidula A. .t a sm it cu s T sect13 c e Flavi oen s Nidul ntes A r n ic s C O20I2 t ct EF652470 EF652294 EF652382 EF652206 83.65 sec s transmoans sm u BS 6 s F Flavi aurantiacuam 5 8 ct A . o s D 0 e lavi . sCBS sect t Nidulantes . tr on ntan T 4 Fla ct A . amoenu CBS142028 se Nidulantes A spna m NRRL643O301E1 3 6 Fla A. striatus CBS283.67 t A . n o 00926C v A amoenu r CBS 8 sec Nidula arachidicosmontanensn ta e 4 sec i griseo . s NRRL239T ec t Nidulantes A . o t ne n se vi A. A PPRI13241 s t A . ara v n an s t .pepii i NRRL476 2 sec Nidulante . n tanensien n is 6 T c Flavi . tabacinuA wi i I1266 t Nidulantes s A no ov c transmont si t A fructuo 015B9 0 c t A . hidicol s s MUM10.203 sec sec Flavi . d 7sec Nidulantes A . ser v o i M versicoloA y CBS593.65TPPR se t dulantesnte sergi o pa s sec t tFlavi . s i i 9 sec Nidulantes a A . l s MUM10.2U Flavi A . i CMV t A . p g pa r aCBS1 M1 t A sydowi i PPRI654 83 1 tNi kruar ii a a is MU F . i c Nidulantes A . C rasiticus l A wi PPRI381RI1306 Tsecsec t Nidul A . motta asi i it CB anensisCB 0 a sydowi i RI3 T se idulantes subflavug MUM1BS1 ic M10 .2 5svi . sydow P 008E ec N A . er t u S S 2 A i PPP V T s t Nidulantes A . subflavu ic s 17610 1300 1 e A. . sydosydowi i 6 sect c t A . ta i us 3 C 1 .2 1 s c . e Nidulantes ta eCPP 0 s 176 1 e t A A sydowi wi CM T s t Nidulantes A . mar 0 017CBS126849BS 2 sec c F . dowio i 5 sec t A . tamarimari RI8PP . P 15 2 t l A RL227 Nidulantes A . tam BS1 2 1 1 T P sec Fl av sy 9 sec t i s R 0 T 26851 RI T t . syd NRRL13147 dulantes A . ta i s C 8 secsec Flavia i A . s NR L22 4 sec t NidulantesNidulantesi A . tamarimari i CB 9 I928 sec 1 sec t vi A NRRL13150i PPRI280 sec t s A ari PPRI281S B 30018 sec 4 Flavi sydowi s i 8 c N . ta i 8 S14 6 t t 2 . sec t Nidulantes A . caelatuma i PPRI2 S133094 t 0 FlaviF 7 t A NRR se t Nidulantes A . pseudo PPRI739 s 0 t Fla sec lavi 5 Fl i T A p i 3 6 e Fl NRRL58600 7 sec t Nidulantes . rii i PPRI26023 b 3 c sec Tsect s av i PPRI632 t A . pseudots C 683T t a e KU866608 KU866851 KU866747 KU867008 v eni i PPRI538 5 sec Nidulantes A . nomiu e sec Flavi vi i t c i venenatu jenseni s i sec t Nidulantes A udotama PP B 600 sec t F t . 9 . nomiu s 2 Fl l A. n I373 0 sec t Nidulante A . nomiu S10 7 t T avi Flav 98/- A PPRI1323 c A. rugulosus CBS117.50 . cvjetkovici c je nseni i 1 sec Nidulantes A . nomi C RI2 sec s F sect av Flavi A jenseni. RL58592 e t A . nomiu a BS76 2 8 ec l F tennesseensi A je 8 s A . e 4. a l i i . NRRL35641TPPR t NidulantesNidulantes A nomiu s ama sec sec t v a . jenseni T sect t Nidulantes . nomiu s latu 601 t t vi A. A A s NR r sec ulantes A . CBS260.88 13T F Flavii . T t Nidulantes A pseudonomiu u s PPR Flavi A si r PPRI386 sec . pseudonomiu s r sec t t lavi jenseni T t Nidulantes A pseudonomiu. CBS399.9 i s 3 0 F r NRRL5867r PPRI990 T sec t Nid A pseudonomiu s ri i Flavi 4396 sec A . D i NRRL44CBS.97 sec sec lavi A. crebe r T t Nidulantes . luteovirescen s D t rebe be c A . s T I375 C Flavi auenc . r PPRI508 8 t Nidulantes A. bertho D T O2 T A PPRI1316 5secsec c t Nidulantes A . coremiiformi D BS t . crebe A. vand coremiiformi T O2 t r T se Nidulantes . 1 se F F A . cre. t Nidulantes A togoensi T O24 26I 1 crebe T A vandermerwe O161F 3 76 lav lavi puula A A . crebe CBS13 0se Nidulantes A . 27B T 7 c . sect t Nidulantes A . vandermer sec 6. 3 6 t A s CBS140627BT33104 8sec Nidulantes A . lletiu 5 3 i A CBS132.55I sec t . van 3E8 sec 1 F A. crebe T A vandermerwe sCBS 97 sec s s A vandermerwe. vandermerwe 8 sec sec 6 lavi . T sec t NidulantesNidulantes A . s t T CBS133.54 Nidulantes A . ermerwe A ui Tsect sec t A . lanosu dermerwe s sec Flavit T r NBRC3302 607 T t Nidulantes A . alliaceu IBT29228s PPRI506 1 Flavi t se CBS10270S100523 sect Nidulantes alliaceu s s sec t t croceu s sec A .alliaceu s IBT1265 s F 5 Nidulantes A . alliac NRRL655 sec F Flavi e ct . ung s PPRI384 Nidulantes A . CB s CBS620.95 t lav CB T t A . neoalliaceu s 1 lavi c A . tu PPRI554 A .leporineoalliaceu NRRL1375 t Flavi t CBS143587s T sec sect A . magaliesburgensi 19388 Flavi A s Nidulantes A CBS553.77 t Flavi i s Tsec sect Nidulantes A . S Flavi s t A . lepori s we Flavi . israelensis T t A. . aspearensi i Nidulantes A . aspearensi eu 272.89 A sect t Nidulantes A .avenaceuhancocki s CBS650.74 i CB multicolo CBS140 T sec sect Nidulantes A. avenaceus 3 . mulundensi CBS314.89 Nidulantes A. ochraceu. s i NRRL123 KU866606 KU866849 KU866745 KU867006 . t Nidulantes A . 7 T Nidulantes ochraceuA. ochraceus NRRL41 s CBS14368 i IBT2049 s sec t A s T A A s T Nidulantes A ochraceu PPRI6 CBS12920i sec A . s CBS612.78 S sec CBS653.73 pallidofulvuA. ochraceu CBS536.65 T CBS126259 Tsec t A ostianu. ochraceu s i 2 sect A. . ochraceus CBS5 sect T t Nidulantes pallidofulvuA. . i 12670 .melleuA. CBS132 A. rugulosus CBS151.66 CBS113407 sec A s Tsec t Nidulantes A pallidofulvus. CMV012D sec . tumidu m sec Nidulantes A ostianus CBS103.07 CBS12591 CCF568 sec t A pallidofulvu R 8 tNidulantes westerdĳkiaA. T A. .westerdĳkiaA. t plurisemina CBS496.65 sect A . ocrustaceu t Nidulantes cretensis CBS112802TA. Circumdati sect Flavi . pluriseminatu T muricatus CBS112808T CircumdatiA. sect . s A A. pallidofulvus NRRL4748 6 .westlandensis CBS137321T sec A. westerdĳkia. .slrtou CBS549.65 sclerotiorum A. sec A. .sclerotiorum A. .persii A. 700 subramaniani A. 13T UTHSCSADI15 pseudosclerotiorum A. .westerdĳkia

.fresenii sec A. CBS350.81T bridgeri A. Flavi . CBS271.91 Circumdati sect CBS138172T salwaensis A. s sec t Nidulantes sesamicol sec sec A .afﬁnis westerdĳkiae s T tNidulantes Nidulantes CBS13437 T t Flavi A CBS486.65 sec i 82 sec t pluriseminatu s A t Nidulantes westerdĳkia CBS143681 CBS426.93 t Nidulantes Flavi auricomu s 1 1 Flav sclerotioru FRR3425 sec . s 5 sec t Nidulantes s 7 9 sect Nidulantes t 1.6 A s Nidulantes s 6 T t t CBS351.81 Candidi s CBS14367 sec t savannensi 7 sec Nidulantes sNRR CBS109.46 CBS143672 sec sec Flavi Flavi t Nidulantes t Candidi Candidi s 2 0 sec t s NRRL451 17 s sec tNidulantes Nidulantes s sec sec t Fla purpure . stercorarius CBS428.93 CBS138.55 Tsec t Nidulantes tCandidi CB 4sec Candidi i botswanensi recurvatu sec Nidulantes Candidi T desertoru T NRRL522s 9 sec 1 . . recurvatus PPRI316 sec t Candidi CBS546.65s PPRI6816 sect s Flavi . T t Candidi T purpureocrustaceuA . s CBS140626 sect Candidi CBS 1 s CBMFCBS952.97 T t Candidi t IBT23550 5 sect Nidulantes PPRI2601 sec tFlavit A A A PPRI633 PPRI616 sec sec v A CBS120.55 tCandidi CBS129190T 4 T Flavi A. CBS112795 S108.08 s t Flavi A. s IFM55265 sec sect Candidi t sec A. s 1340 T sec i s CBS198.8s IBT12265 T sect sect s s ec Flavi t Flavi . recurvatu 6sec sec sect Candidi 1 sec aCBS137324 sec sec

falconensi sect 9 sect CBS550.65 tFlavi s sec s L3503 Flavi t A 2 CBS114.2 5 t t s 4 sect Candidi sect CBS 1 . fruticulosu CBS130.48 MRC3329 sec sect T t latilabiatu sect Candidi t Flavi 3 0 sect Candidi Flavi CBS200.7 5 eCBS1 Flavi 9 eCBS CBS640.78T sect 18.3 A Circumdati sect NRRL35024 m ePPRI870 T sec Flavi . s CBS133.60 CBS467.65 NRRL5175 Circumdatie sect Flavi s ePPRI506 9 s T sec t t 4sec

3 A. s 0 sect Candidi CBS 3 A violaceu 7 Flavi Flavi sec sec 13684 PPRI835 T navahoensi. sec sCBS sCBS117.5 18.51 i 1 5sec T t */* CBS283.67 1 sec 5sec 2 5 T t 5 . 1279 A CBS191.77 1 Circumdati sect CBS138230T sec Flavi omanensi CBS279.81 3 sec A s CBS589.65 CBS240.90 T Flavi sec t MRC3080 sec 112803T sec sec sec sec t rugulosu s CCF164 s 112791 sec t Flavi i T Circumdatit aurantiopurpureus CBS140608TA. A. jaipurensi s i 1280 sect Tsec tFlavi Flavi CBS CBS467.88 6 Flavi . sulphureoviridi rugulosu rugulosu PPRI2634 t t . pachycristatupachycristatuA. sect Circumdati tCircumdati Circumdatit t rugulosu CCF4651T Tsect 2 0sec t t A pachycristatus s CBS14298 CBS225.8 Circumdatisect Flavi . spinulosporus s CBS125.5 CBS142985 Circumdati A . . s CBS348.81T CCF3962T sect sect t Flavi . Circumdati Circumdati . i CBS266.81T sec A. tritic s 0sec sec A. sCBS937.7 T sec Circumdati A A A. rugulosu . triticitritic MRC418 sec s 1 MK951928 A rugulosu s rugulosu CBS566.65T sect Candidi Circumdati sect 7 CBS13819 A T Circumdati A latus CBS492.65 . 4 A

tCircumdati sec Circumdatisect s s Circumdati A. striatu A sect A. nidulans A. T sec A. nidulan Circumdatisect . nidulans PPRI2093 tCircumdatit tCircumdati A. rugulosus Circumdati MRC3329 foveolatu. . A. Circumdati t Circumdati sect .tritic Circumdati .corrugatu A t A A t

Circumdatit A A Circumdati Circumdati A. Circumdati

Circumdati t

Circumdati

pragensis

Circumdati

quadrilineatus CBS853.9 campestris coprophilu . A. pragensis CCF4654 sect Candidi tCircumdati dobrogensis . quadrilineatu . candidu . quadrilineatu . A . coprophilus A. candidus NRRL5857 A quadrilineatu . A subalbidus CBS567.65T sect Candidi A canariensis CBS14298 quadrilineatu A A. quadrilineatus CBS591.65 A . A. dobrogensi taichungensis IBT19404 A. A. quadrilineatu A. A. canariensis PPRI606 A .

A. subalbidu A. quadrilineatus CBS . A

A. A. canariensis CBS142982 sect A A.

A A. verruculosus CBS142667 etCircumdati sect 94/- A. rugulosus CBS130.48 KU866611 KU866853 KU866750 KU867011 99/.98 A. rugulosus IBT12265 KU866596 KU866829 KU866719 KU866975 T A. rugulosus CBS133.60 EF652434 EF652258 EF652346 EF652170 */* */* A. rugulosus CBS200.75 KU866573 KU866813 AB476810 KU866950

99/- A. pachycristatus IBT23550 KU866587 KU866823 KU866710 KU866965 T A. pachycristatus IFM55265 AB375875 AB524062 98/- */* A. pachycristatus CBS198.88 KU866644 KU866878 KU866782 KU867047 T A. spinulosporus CBS120.55 EF652445 EF652269 EF652357 EF652181 T */* A. jaipurensis CBS952.97 KU866623 AY339988 KU866761 KU867024 T A. omanensis CBMFA 700 AB248347 AB524047 T 90/- */* A. sulphureoviridis CBS140626 KU866673 KU866911 KU866793 KU867058 T A. violaceus CBS138.55 EF652438 EF652262 EF652350 EF652174 T */* */* A. aurantiopurpureus CBS140608 KU866588 KU866824 KU866711 KU866966 T A. navahoensis CBS351.81 EF652424 EF652248 EF652336 EF652160 T A. latilabiatus CBS426.93 KU866624 KU866864 KU866762 KU867025 T */* A. falconensis CBS271.91 KU866575 KU866815 KU866697 KU866952 T 84/* A. fruticulosus CBS486.65 EF652483 EF652307 EF652395 EF652219 T */* A. recurvatus CBS496.65 EF652482 EF652306 EF652394 EF652218 */* A. recurvatus PPRI3165 MK450645 MK451157 MK451506 94/- A. recurvatus CBS126259 KU866603 KU866832 KU866727 KU866986 T */* */- A. botswanensis CBS314.89 KU866572 KU866812 KU866695 KU866949 T x4 */* A. savannensis CBS140607 KU866581 KU866818 KU866704 KU866959 T A. desertorum CBS653.73 EF652505 EF652329 EF652417 EF652241 T 98/- A. stercorarius CBS428.93 KU866625 KU866865 KU866763 KU867026

*/- A. pluriseminatus CBS102705 KU866565 KU866806 KU866686 KU866926 */* A. pluriseminatus NBRC33028 AB524359 AB524049 T A. pluriseminatus CBS100523 KU866566 AY339989 EU443988 KU866937 */* PPRI5548 x4 */* A. purpureocrustaceus MK450652 MK451137 MK451514 MK450805 */* PPRI3840T */* A. purpureocrustaceus MK450653 MK451138 MK451515 MK450806 T A. tumidus CBS143587 LT903691 LT903682 LT903685 LT903688 T */* A. multicolor CBS133.54 EF652477 EF652301 EF652389 EF652213 T A. mulundensis IBT33104 KP985732 KP985735 KP985734 KU866989 T 96/* A. israelensis CBS140627 KU866677 KU866915 KU866797 KU867062 */* T A. unguis CBS132.55 EF652443 EF652267 EF652355 EF652179 x4 T A. croceus CBS134396 LN873931 LN873944 LN873957 LN873976

A. jensenii PPRI13238 MK451433

A. jensenii PPRI5384 MK451435

A. jensenii PPRI2806 MK451436

A. jensenii PPRI6329 MK450977 MK451434 92/* A. jensenii NRRL225 JN854000 JN854020 JN853809 89/* T A. jensenii NRRL58600 JQ301892 JN854007 JN854046 JN853835 */* T -/.96 A. cvjetkovicii NRRL227 EF652440 EF652264 EF652352 EF652176 T A. tennesseensis NRRL13150 JQ301895 JN853976 JN854017 JN853806 T A. puulaauensis NRRL35641 JQ301893 JN853979 JN854034 JN853823

A. creber PPRI13168 MK451352 90/- A. creber PPRI3869 MK451356

A. creber PPRI5081 MK451354

A. creber PPRI9900 MK451355 */* T */* A. creber NRRL58592 JQ301889 JN853980 JN854043 JN853832 82/- A. creber NRRL58675 JN853994 JN854058 JN853847

A. creber PPRI3737 MK451353 T A. venenatus NRRL13147 JQ301896 JN854003 JN854014 JN853803

A. sydowii CMV008E1 MK451524 95/.99 A. sydowii PPRI13067 MK451521 A. sydowii PPRI3810 MK451525

A. sydowii PPRI6542 MK451522

A. sydowii PPRI3839 MK451526 85/- A. sydowii CMV015B9 MK951889

A. sydowii PPRI12668 MK451523 T */* A. sydowii CBS593.65 EF652450 EF652274 EF652362 EF652186 A. sydowii PPRI13241 MK451520

A. sydowii NRRL4768 EF652473 JN853935 EF652385 EF652209 T 98/* A. fructus NRRL239 EF652449 EF652273 EF652361 EF652185 T */* A. versicolor CBS583.65 EF652442 EF652266 EF652354 EF652178 T A. tabacinus CBS122718 EF652478 EF652302 EF652390 EF652214 */.96 A. amoenus NRRL35600 JN853952 JN854033 JN853822 83/- 81/- A. amoenus PPRI26047 MK451309 -/* T A. amoenus NRRL4838 EF652480 JN853946 JN854035 JN853824 T 95/- A. griseoaurantiacus CBS138191 KJ775553 KJ775086 KJ775357 KU866988 T A. pepii CBS142028 KU613368 KU613371 KU613365 96/- */* A. amoenus NRRL530 JN853944 JN854038 JN853827 A. amoenus PPRI26021 MK451308 99/* T A. austroafricanus NRRL233 JQ301891 JN853963 JN854025 JN853814 T */* A. hongkongensis HKU49 AB987907 LC000552 LC000565 LC000578

87/- A. protuberus NRRL58747 JN853966 JN854059 JN853848

A. protuberus PPRI26350 MK951915 x8 A. protuberus PPRI5575 MK451497 99/.99 T A. protuberus CBS602.74 EF652460 EF652284 EF652372 EF652196 T A. subversicolor NRRL58999 JQ301894 JN853970 JN854010 JN853799 T 97/- A. asperescens CBS110.51 EF652475 EF652299 EF652387 EF652211 94/- T A. aureolatus CBS190.65 EF652501 EF652325 EF652413 EF652237 */* T A. askiburgiensis CBS134374 LN873939 LN873952 LN873965 LN873984 */* T A. spelunceus CBS497.65 EF652490 EF652314 EF652402 EF652226 99/* T A. viridicatenatus CBS140629 KU866682 KX423621 KU866802 KU867067 T A. varians CBS505.65 EF652479 EF652303 EF652391 EF652215 T */* A. aurantiobrunneus CBS465.65 EF652465 EF652289 EF652377 EF652201 T A. purpureus CBS754.74 EF652506 EF652330 EF652418 EF652242 T A. sparsus CBS139.61 EF661181 EF661125 EF661173 EF661071 0.05

272 ASPERGILLUS IN SOUTH AFRICA additional CYA plates incubated at 30 and 37 °C. Colour names strains as A. ochraceus, A. pallidofulvus, A. sclerotiorum and and codes used in descriptions follow Kornerup & Wanscher A. westerdijkiae. (1967). Microscopic observations were made using a Zeiss Section Flavi (Fig. 3) — Among strains identified during this AXIO Imager.M2 compound and Zeiss AXIO Zoom.V16 micro- study, section Flavi was well represented. Seven known scopes equipped with AxioCaM MRc5 and 512 cameras driven (A. alliaceus, A. flavus, A. nomius, A. parasiticus, A. pseudo- by Zen Blue v. 2.3 software (Carl Zeiss CMP GmbH, Göttingen, nomius, A. tamarii and A. transmontanensis) and two new Germany). Colonies were captured with a Sony NEX-5N camera. species were detected. PPRI14275 consistently grouped basal Extended Depth of Field analysis and stacking of colony texture to the A. transmontanensis clade. This single strain was micrographs were performed in Helicon Focus v. 7.5.4 (Heli- morphologically identical to latter and we, therefore, identified it conSoft, Kharkiv, Ukraine). Plates were prepared in Affinity Photo as A. transmontanensis. PPRI8986 and PPRI9280 formed a v. 1.7.1 (Serif (Europe) Ltd, Nottingham, UK). For aesthetic well-supported clade basal to the A. parasiticus clade and is purposes, micrographs were adjusted using the "inpainting described below as A. krugeri. PPRI6165 represented a unique brush tool" without altering areas of scientific significance. lineage in the A. vandermerweii, A. lanosus, A. alliaceus and A. neoalliaceus clade, and is described as A. magaliesburgensis below. — RESULTS Sections Fumigati and Clavati (Fig. 4) Section Fumigati was well represented amongst strains identified during this study. Strains were identified into 11 known (A. arcoverdensis, A. Strains aureolus, A. fischeri, A. fumigatiaffinis, A. fumigatus, A. hiratsukae, A. laciniosus, A. lentulus, A. udagawae and Of the ±320 PPRI strains selected for this study, ±250 were A. wyomingensis) and one new species described below as viable with 218 selected for sequencing. Eighteen MRC strains A. elsenburgensis. The multigene phylogeny resolved this strain were sequenced. New isolations resulted in 65 strains, of which as sister species to A. australensis. Strains previously identified 51 were deposited in PPRI. DNA reference sequences (350 total: as A. laciniosus resolved in two distinct clades. One clade 24 ITS, 52 BenA, 250 CaM,28RPB2) were generated and containing the ex-type (CBS 117721T) for A. laciniosus and the fi submitted to GenBank during this study. Identi ed strains other the ex-type (CBM-FA884T) for A. takakii. Three species belonged to 63 species, representing 11 sections of Aspergillus. were identified in section Clavati, including A. clavatus, A. Seven of the species were found to be novel species and are giganteus and a new species described below as A. seifertii. described below in the Taxonomy section. Section Nidulantes (Fig. 5) — Ten section Nidulantes species were identified during this study: A. amoenus, A. creber, Phylogeny A. jensenii, A. nidulans, A. protuberus, A. quadrilineatus, A. recurvatus, A. rugulosus, A. sydowii, and one new species For a general overview of results, a total phylogeny was calcu- described below as A. purpureocrustaceus. The new species lated including all sequences generated during this study and resolved as a close relative of A. tumidus. reference sequences summarised in Supplementary Table 1. Sections Terrei and Flavipedes (Fig. 6) — Ten section Terrei Results were summarised as a circular tree (Supplementary species were identified during this study: A. alabamensis, A. Fig. 1) and subsequently used as a baseline to calculate more aureoterreus, A. carneus, A. citrinoterreus, A. hortai, A. terreus focused phylogenies used to confirm final identifications and and four new species. One of these new species is described show relationships of the novel species. below as A. heldtiae, which consistently resolved as a sister Sections Aspergillus and Cremei (Fig. 1) — We identified six species to A. pseudoterreus. The remaining three species or section Aspergillus species including A. chevalieri, A. mon- clades were temporarily named A. cf. alabamensis, A. cf. alla- tevidensis, A. porosus, A. proliferans, A. pseudoglaucus and habadii and Aspergillus sp. CBS 142751 as they will be A. zutongqii. This section was reviewed recently and two recently described in a separate paper. Aspergillus iizukae was the only described species A. porosus and A. zutongqii are detected here species identified from section Flavipedes. (Chen et al. 2017). From section Cremei, we identified A. wentii Section Usti (Fig. 7) — Five section Usti species were and A. dimorphicus. Aspergillus dimorphicus and A. sepultus are identified during this study and included A. calidoustus, A. phylogenetically identical. Since A. dimorphicus (Mehrotra & insuetus, A. pseudodeflectus and A. pseudoustus, while one new Prasad 1969) is the older name, A. sepultus (Tuthill & species is described below as A. sigurros. The new species Christensen 1986) is synonymised with the former. resolved in a clade with A. carlsbadensis and A. contaminans. Sections Candidi and Circumdati (Fig. 2) — In section Based on phylogenetic results, the more recently described Candidi, only two species were identified. One strain represented A. fuscicans (Romero et al. 2018) should be considered a syn- A. tritici, while PPRI6060 resolved in a unique clade closely onym of the older A. pseudodeflectus (Samson & Mouchacca related to A. subalbidus, which represents a new species that will 1975). be described in a different paper. Section Circumdati typically Section Nigri — The PPRI collection contained a large contains ochratoxin A producing species (Visagie et al. 2014b, number of black Asperillus strains classified in section Nigri. Full Frisvad & Larsen 2015a). Our study respectively identified results will be published elsewhere. Strains were identified into nine species as A. aculeatus, A. brasiliensis, A.

Fig. 5. Multigene phylogeny of Aspergillus sect Nidulantes based on a combined ITS, BenA, CaM and RPB2 dataset. Strains from new species are shown in orange text, strains identiﬁed during this study in black text and reference strains in grey text. GenBank accession numbers for ITS (green), BenA (blue), CaM (maroon) and RPB2 (purple) are given behind strain numbers. Branch support in nodes higher than 80 % bs and/or 0.95 pp are indicated above thickened branches (T = ex-type; * = 100 % bs or 1.00 pp; - = support lower than 80 % bs and/or 0.95 pp).

www.studiesinmycology.org 273 VISAGIE,HOUBRAKEN

ITS |BenA | CaM | RPB2 99/- A. hortai IBT16745 FJ531216 EU147703 EU147517 .caaoaiu B446Tsc Clavati sect CBS474.65T clavatonanicus A.

.acanthosporusA. CBS558.71

.acanthosporusA.

.longivesic A. A.

. Clavati sect CBS187.77 longivesica A.

.rioou M310 etClavati sect IMI351309 rhizopodus A. posadasensis

A. hzpdsCS5.5 sect CBS450.75T rhizopodus

A. giganteus A. posadasensis

giganteu

t Aspergillus A CBS515.65giganteus .giganteuA. giganteu Aspergillus A A t Aspergillus A

. t .clavatusA. PPRI2649 seifertiA. A A .seiferti Aspergillus .clavatu t Aspergillus A. similanensis KUFA0012 clavatus. CBS236.81 sect A. clavatus A. sublevisporus. A. denticulatus CBS128796T CBS652.73 sec A clavatus. CBS514.6 A clavatusA. PPRI26495 sect Clavati A t Aspergillus A clavatus. PPRI4976 sect Clavati . sect Aspergillus A clavatus PPRI26042 sect Clavati sect Aspergillus A clavatus. PPRI13832 clavatus A. A. A. A. fennelliae CBS598.74T A .clavatus sect .clavatusA. PPRI1706 clavatus. PPRI14650 sec CBS530.71 a clavatus. 4 sect Aspergillus A. ferenczii .clavatus CBS526.65Ts Aspergillus sec Aspergillus A. marvanova tasmanicu huiyaniae IFM57847 otanii NRRL32571 clavatu CBS1 s t A. A A i Aspergillus A. s Clavati sect PPRI26019 A. T sect Cervini FJ531210 EU147702 EU147516 t Aspergillus FMR12168 PPRI26025 iPPRI3211sec T sect Aspergillus Aspergillus t nishimurae. . IFM541 CBS513.65 CBS447.6 sec MRC453 s A sect Aspergillus A. multiplicatus CBS646.95T sec uni CBS334.67 sect FMR1232 T sect Aspergillus waksmaniassul t Aspergillus caatingaensis. t Aspergillus A sect Aspergillus 4 A. hortai IBT16744 turcosu sec A A PPRI26045 sec . laterali T sect Aspergillus t Aspergillus A. pernambucoensi . A. tsunoda s sect Aspergillus galapagensis. CBS11752 Clavati sect 19.48 T PPRI8552 sec 0 sect Aspergillus CBS491.65T sec Aspergillus t stramenius PPRI13831 PPRI9818 sect Clavati CMV012H4 sec A atus IBT2791 PPRI21896 sec 7 t pernambucoensis s MRC1250 secs PPRI4851 A. auratus CBS466.65T sect Fumigati sCBS283.66 sec sect Aspergillus .elsenburgensis CBS121594 sect Aspergillus Aspergillus Aspergillus Aspergillus 7 sect T CBS377.75 Aspergillus sec A. australensi T t t t Aspergillus Aspergillus A sKACC42091Ts t CBS126.56Ts sect Fumigati Tsec sec Aspergillus 5sectClavati t 2sec t 0 s NRRL62486Te NRRL179Ti sect Fumigati T auratus. NRRL4379 Clavati sect Aspergillust A. TsectClavati sec 3sectClavati Clavatisect CBS141774 Aspergillus T 5sectClavati t PPRI2655 sec A. papuensis CBS Clavatisect t sec 40 sec t AspergillusAspergillus illus ergillus brevistipiA. conversi A. PPRI13419 sect Aspergillus sec sec IFM57609Te sect T sec t PPRI5410 sect Aspergillus O092D3 sect Aspergillus T 6 tClavatitClavati i PPRI3791 sec 6 IFM61335 tClavati s PPRI3419 sect Aspergillus i PPRI26033 sect Aspergillus T Rsect tClavati

Clavati Clavati i solicola tClavati sec sec CBS498.65 T PPRI26348 sect Aspergillus sec Asp 9 s CCF5391 sec 14.27 A. sh A Tsec T sect Clavati Clavati t sect Fumigati Clavati s CBS141930 1 5 A. neoglabe sec Aspergillus Aspergillus . 1T sect Fumigati T sec t DTO322A2 sect Aspergillus 3 tClavati 2 sec t sect Fumigati t t shendaweii IFM57610 IFM61342Ts sect Fumigati T Clavati CBS121.45 12.26 Asperg 3 tClavati t sec A sec Clavati . montevidensis PPRI26035 sec . montevidensis PPRI6330 s . montevidensi Aspergillus tatus CBS135454 tClavati porosus CBS375.75 sec s endaweii IF TsectFumigatisec t . montevidensis CCF5379 porosu porosus tClavati . intermedius CBS523.65T sect Aspergillus . Fumigati . intermediu CBS sec 1 t A A. cervinus CBS537.65 . porosus CBS141770 tFumigati A sec A. montevidensis PPRI867 CBS11 A. montevidensi A . N Fumigati A. montevidensisA. CCF4248 montevidensis sect Aspergillus A. A neoglaber NRR IFM61343 sect F A PPRI2994 A. montevidensis MRC1231 sCBS13 A tFumigati A chevalier A sec t Aspergillus t A . chevalieri PPRI6331 PPRI2634 . R T A. tFumigati A. A. caperatus . chevalier CBS471.65 s MRC45 Aspergillus A. Fumigati A. chevalieri chevalieri PPRI2600 sec A A. hiratsukneoglabe sect Fumigati A EXF10029 sec s T RL35723 e A. chevalieri PPRI26034 sect i MRC46 sect Fumigati A CBS142376 Aspergillus .hiratsuk A. i s Aspergillus mei T ct A. chevalier CBS141767T sec T t A. h A. chevalieri CBS522.65 s UTHSCSADI1 h A. cristatus CBS123.53T sect Aspergillus s t 2T A. chevalieri PPRI4908 sect Aspergillus i ira rCBS111.55T sect Fumigati A. chevalieri PPRI1342. chevalieri DT A. irat 8 2 A. chevalieri s s 9 sect t Fumigati A. chevalieri CBS141769 sec ec Cre hermomut A. 41.96T .55T sect Fumiga A sec A ts sect Fumigati A. . proliferans s FJ531209 EU147701 EU147515 t h sect tFumigati A. proliferans CCF4789 sect Aspergillus T emei . A A su M57611T sec 5457T sec Fumigati A. proliferans PPRI6735 hir i ukae A T emei A the .h hiratsuka. rat a A. proliferans NRRL6249 8 eP NRRL183r sect Fumigati A. proliferan Cr .s kae A. aurantiacoflavu sec Cremei A. hortai Cremei Creme IBT26384 T CBS374.75T t Cr A. sp iratsuka a s a A. aurantiacoflavus CCF5394brunneus sect CBS1 Aspergillus CBS141773T t r tsu Fumigati A. aurantiacoflavu. glaucus NRRL121 t Cremei t t pa m uka e sect A. glaucus. CBS516.65T sec i CGMCC3.0396 s T c A CBS294.93 PRI1 L3434 sect sect Fumigati A neocarnoy CBS138177 7 t Cremei remei A om PPRIP T A levisporu i PPRI342 t Cremei .p t k A. niveoglaucus. pseudoglaucu i i se sec sec C Cremei .de h a PR sec umigati A. neocarnoy sec t a ul a e A . 4sec t s A utatut sect Fumi A. pseudoglaucu 5 sec 2 T A A. dur t u e CC Fumigati pseudoglaucu e . h a s 9190 sec t A . DAOMC146054 8 sec ect t Cremei quadrici. lica u t e ePPRC I9 sect Fumigati A. pseudoglaucu. microperforatu CBS530.65 sec Cremei u A brevi us 1 tFumigatiFumigati A microperforatu CBS10174i 9 s sec t ei doviridin . latus N CB D C 9 172 . r KACC46346 18.3 CremeiCremei F39 tFumigati A sloani r 1 9 T t ts t s TO2 F4102 sec 1 s A . zutongqi sec Cremei i u N 8 ect Fu A. zutongqi s c sec t ur caulip N S20 A zutongqi CBS104.0 65 1 e s R 5 ti A. . CremeitCremei Crem u e R I 88 sectT Fumigatis Fumigati rube i CCF336 sects T t Cremei Cremei A sCCB RL2054 37 3260 sectect Fumigati A . rube i CBS t sec t n tae CB R RL s gati A. appendiculatu 1 4 t .frankstoneA. specie s 8. t A . i CBS130.49 CBS13439 sec T utanctu S R e Fumigati . mallochi i sec A CB 92 B ct F migati A cibariu s CBS134393 9 sec 3 sec remei B 1 L20 1 6sec A . i PPRI2604PPRI2634 T sec C i . sCBS135.S118 28 Fumigati A . wenti s NRRL5085 0 .6 0 Cremei A viridinutansA A. D s 0 Ts s . wenti i PPRI2599 CCF187 T t .viri M S 17 ect Fumigat A wenti i s CBS472. t me A .fel NRRL62904T4 5 9T 3sec u A . s c e T Fum wenti u A. A . fe F 8 54 50 e migati A . CCF504 sec arco l s A09 1.65.5 c tFu A . wenti CBS649.74 se Cr arcoverden. d is C isCBS130 sect F t A . wenti ell PPRI2603s 11323 1 A ar inutansn D 3T Tsesect F Fumigati . wenti s s T aecilum .arcov T tFumigatiig A europaeuy s S14275CBS108 Cremei c v si 3 m A . CMV012C lyp overdensierdensis Ps B O175 52 3 T sec a A . europaeu orphicu CBS 1323 A. S Tse c ig ti A . CBS257.85CB 1 0.65Tsect A. w C 1 sec tF um .chr s CBS648.74 sectt CremeiPo wy B T T u ati t A orphicu s s t FJ531192 FJ491706 FJ531242 3 t s A e C S mig i A . chrysellus BS S50 T ec r O3 0 H se t F u i A sepultu aegeri Terrei . y o d s B 142233 2 2 3 c Fumigatiumigatimig g C 15.32 A A w om m e is S1 2 45 44 sec c t ati A. dim. dim ntr s CB 1 8s A. hortai ct CBS124230 . . y nsi sect F t Fu a . dimorphicu rensi Tsec i w wyomo ingensis CB s 7G4 A A. mi ingens PPRI751P 27. TsectFsect t Fum a ti A . sepultu es 51 se yom sC RI7 Fumigatim ti A . dimorphicus erre w n S 5 iga d CBSS477.654.61 T T yo gensi B 13 6 Tses A esporlensi s 0 erreit errei in i 4 T ec F u ig A. . flasche 38 3 T mi genn i S1399 9 miga at t A . gorakhpurensi CB t ec tT A. s A gensi sP CCF5 187 1 se t umi i s NRRL4S c s Terreierrei . nge c Fumigatiu i A . gorakhpu u t T siamensissi IFM sPPRI5P 4 sec c t miga A . e CB se sec errei i iam s 1 T s t F g ti A . stromatoide S1242 T A. ac n s CCF417RI5 8 ect Fu umiga ati stromatoi s B 384 5 sec t erreirre sis NRRL6 640 sect8 s t A . itaconicu u sect tT Te e 5 s e F m ti A C 7 t A A. nsis 73 se e ct Fumium A. crem i UAB5 sec A. a . rensis CCF 17 c ig . cremeus i 2 a a t Fu ig a ti A . insolit IBT26 secTerrei errei ur c K 29 8 Fum t A rta i IBT1674 3sec t t T u e re U 4 sect Fu mig g a i horta i I990 c ei ei A. reo olu n F 417T0 0 ct Fumi a ti A. . IBT16744 erreii r A. aur si IFM C6349T6 7 s ti A ho 995se Terreierr T er aur s s 1 e F ig at horta tai i PPRI870 1 t tT t erre T errei A lus CBS1 5 15 s c um a i A. . horta PPR ec t T A . eo NRRL2CCF49672 7 sece t g ti A i ec s tT t .udaureo ct Fu m iga ati hor PPRI753 sec c sec c Terrei eol lu 9 sect F Fu A. horta i 9 se t rrei A. sPPRI3 1T t m ig t A. . se 5 3 e i agaw l us se F m ig a i A horta IBT627 t T re A A. u u us 0 0 sec ct u ati ti . horta i O6I 64 secc rei .udadag P 5 6431 umim igati A . i UAB4T s 8 e Ter d a CBS13745PRI11297.55T sect Fsec F igati A rta D I5 s t Ter EU147756 EU147570 A aga awae t u . hortai PPRI25i R s CBS138921T sec c t . PP 451 s sec F mi g A ho CBS134.60 IBT2638 e A uda gaw tF umi a . horta PP NRRL191 ec rei .ud w e R t umigatig ti A . i 0s s er i A. hortai UAB5 ae I at horta s 145905 0 ga a IFM I1 ect Fumigatig A T t T rre i A. ag w e 1324 s ati i A. hortai erreus s PPRI7464IB c Te udaga a CBSFM 5413 3seect Fumigatiu . horta eu A. w e F miga A . s IBT64 se ct Terreei u a D 54 c u A citrinoterreutrinot eu s 8 se t i A A. dagawa e TO308H6142231 sec2 sect F t m . ci terr u NRRL26.3 err e .ududagawawa DTO 3 s Fum ig t A trinoterreuno terr s 5 2 sec tT err i A 1seec a i A. eu 93 9 T re . a eC ti .cicitri ino r er A ud gawae PPRae 166 1sectFumict t Fumigaumigatiiga A . er BS1220 sec T .u a C A citr rinoterreot C RI 260272 sect t erreiei gaw eCCCF4F447D Fu ti . it n s P 6 7 T rr A. u da 6 m A c P RI 99 sec t e g ae DT CF4 s t . citri eu s PP 5 5 sec t T A A. dagawaeaw 4 6 ect FuF ig ti A . err u s I2 erreirei .uda ae D 91 se u ati A .t re u PPRI8R 27 sec T r uda O28I26030479 sect s s c m ga A ter re s 594.6. 3 t Te i A. g e t Fu mi ig ti . S 118 37 t rreire udagawawaegaw TO ct g ati A ter rreu sPPCB S sec Te er A 0 3D3 ect FumigaFu m ati A. te reu s B I10 2 secct T i A . u ae CCF 0 mi igati r C R 7 se ct . fumisyA dagawa CBSC 6A3 s se A. te reu s P se TerreTerrei .ud ae CF 56 ct Fum gati A. P 86 t ct t Terreii agawa CBS11 34 ter s RI2602 c e ec n 563 ec Fumi A. terreureu s PPRI828P 1301.65T se 1 s s Terre errei nematu eD 42 8 se t Fumig igatiti P 0 25 2 T t A e TO01142117T s c g A. ter rreuus PRI 6. 31 sec ect T . lentu D ec t F a A. te s P 9 s MK451423 t 10 T1 i A sIFM4227TO0 1 8 sec t umigatia i A. IB 130.5560 e ei .lentullu 9D8 s sec tFuFu ti terrerreu s CBS6 s BS L4 err 42751 err A A. s 19 m A. te reu s CBS t T 1 ei T i A. hortai PPRI25995 le D D7 sec t igati . S . le ntu us TO e F mig A ter NRRsec CB err sect erre A. nt PPRI61701 7 se ctFumum A. africanu s 3 w T T t T l ulu lusPPRI753279A Tse igatiati . terreuo ricanus C90 ect 90 errei A en s t F A ne af icanu s ne9 s sec t T rei . le tul CBS1 4 se ct umigaigat A. o fr u 2 1238 0 c er A. A.l ntuluus Fu i . ne oa PPRI9 I42 915 t T rei entu NR 1788 ct m A ne i R CBS RI 89sesec Ter i novofuA.l s KACRL3 ct F Fu iga ti A. i brunnePP s PP 91 1 t rre en lus KA 5 sect F mi ti . fimetet e eu is 74 ec Te A. m tul C 5551T sects umi gat A fim ia terr s PPRI I8 6s ct rrei novo igat usN C 41 ect F um g i . sis se Te rrei A. us RRLC4 393 sec igatat A . heldtudo amen s PPRRI920 7 ect errei t Te fumigfumigatCB 139 umig i A se men PP s t T A. S 3 2 Fum i .pf allabba s RI87496 ec 1 sec fu atia u 11 555 s t Fumi at A .c lla PP 86 s 8 ei A. miga ffin s CCF40787520 sec3 ect iga i A f a labamensimensiis PRI 979 1429 r fum tiaf isPPRI3210sect Fum g ti . c al ens s P RI8 S A A. ig fi Ts at A f laba i PP CB sect TerTerrei . fumigafum atia nisCC ect Fum igati i A. c f al is ew 2 t igatiaffiffin Fum ig A.c allabam ens s n 749 rrei A. tiaf is C F4 t ati . cf tu PRI 84 sect Te fum fi ni CF4449 sec Fum igati A allabamensabamulca s P rei A. fum iga nis C sIB 9 sect FumigatitF iga . cf all s PRI91 sec Ter rrei tiaf B T131 82 um t A cf isP 15F9 sect Te A igat fini S117 se iga i A. urantio ens TO 8 ct Terrei MK450985 MK451425 .spiniaffi s PP 18 31 ct F ti . a alabamensim D 8 se ct nis RI13096T sect umigati A f ba O15F02 rei A. s osus CBSPPRI1 sect F A.c alla ensissDT I26 3Tseer A. hortai f PPRI7533 p umiga c m tT 98/- inosu 0 ba 2569 ec ei A. 30 sect Fum A. ala is PPRS1 laciniosusNRR483 89s igatiti A. bamensiens CB errei A. lac .65T ect Fumig ala m s T127023 ssectect Terr T i in s L32 sect FumigF a A. aba s IB 256 4 s erre A. laci iosus PPR 56 um ti . al bamensii T2 99 ectT n PP I3 9 sec igati A la mens is IB I25 6s t Terrei A. la iosus P R 247s tFu A.a aba ens 99 A. lac cinio I319 ect mi ati am nsisPPRRI25 810sec ini su PRI384 7s Fumi gati A. al lab s PP 9 Terrei ei A. lac osus CBs PPRI ect A. a abame nsi RRL2 t Terr inio 3 7sec Fumigatigati . all e s N sec ct A. lacin su S117 417 tFumi A llabamensi 2556 se A. l i sKACC41721 sec .a bam IBT2 6.37T t Terrei ac osus T t Fumi ga A la us S11 inios KA 657 ssect gatti A.a ccos CB .27Tsecrrei A. us K CC41 Fum i flo us 15 ect Te ei A. takaki ACC 644 ect Fumigiga A. CBS1 5 s t Terr lacini iCBM4164 sect F ti A. floccosus sec rrei osus FA884a u ati . nive 4751 ct Te A. KACC41654T sect Fu miga A veus NRRL51 5 se Terrei fische sect Fumigatim ti A. ni sNRRL195 sect ei A. fischer ri NR 7asec igati niveu NRRL .91 t Terr i RL4 A. veus 471 sec erre A. fisc i NRRL 585 tFumi A. ni 111.49 sectT FJ531207 EU147699 EU147513 A. fisc her 40 sec ga eus CBSBS rrei iNRR 75 sect t Fumiga ti A. niv eusC 494.65T ct Te heri CBS544L416 Fu ti carn s CBS se A. hortai . 298 IBT6271 1sect u ctTerrei A. fisch migat A carne NRRL 8 se ei A. eri PPRI450.65T s Fumi i A. s ct Terr 94/- fis ec ga arneu se errei cheriP 7sectt Fumigatiti A. c eus NRRL192 4 sect T A. fisch PRI3488 se . carn PPRI1309 8987 Terrei A. eri P Fumiga A neus i PPRI 1 sect fischeri PRI34 ctFum ti A. car 75 errei A.o A. fisc PPRI34218 sec igati cfallahabadiiiPPRI8sectT erlinghausensiheri 8 t Fumig A. ahabad RI7534 t Terrei PPRI26 sect Fu ati A. cf all adii PP 4sec rei A. s CBS13 026 sect migat PRI919 987 sect Ter fumigat 9183 Fumigatii A. allahab dii P S142 ct Terrei A. fumi us NRR T sect Fumigati . allahaba ew CB 2986se gatusCBS133L5587 A ajoricus n CBS14 errei A. fumig sect Fum A. m s new 1 sectT atus .61Tsect igati . majoricu RRL410 t Terrei A. fu DTO266 Fumigati A habadiiN 5574 sec migatusNRRLH1 sect Fu A. alla dii PPRI Terrei A. fumigatu 164sectFmigati llahaba S164.63Tsect i A. s PPRI2 umig A. a ii CB T sect Terre fumigatus 0934 sectF ati A. allahabad 39561 rei A. PPRI10498 umigati iranicus CBS1 60 sect Ter fumigatus PPR sect Fumigati A. sCBS1395 Terrei A. f um I12665s A. ira nicu S444.75T sect EU147755 EU147569 igatus P ect F umigat icusCB sectTerrei A. fum PRI13084 sec i A. neoind CBS265.81 igatus PPRI101 t Fumigati . aureoterreus 6 sect Terrei A. hortai UAB4 61se A s PPRI1309 A. fumigatusPP ctFumigati cfaureoterreu sect Terrei A RI3505 sectFumi A. s CBS503.65T .fumigatus PPRI gati A.aureoterreu ipedes A. f umigatu 5090sect Fumiga eCCF4032sect Flav s DTO267H1sec ti A. iizuka ctFlavipedes A.fumi t Fumigati A. iizukae CMFISB2417 se gatus PPRI10499sect Fumi 41.69T sect Flavipedes A.fumigatusCMV0 gati A. i izukae CBS5 15C5 sectFumigati A. iizukae PPRI4965 sect Flavipedes A. fumiga tus C MV015C3 sect Fumiga 88T s ect F lavipedes A. fumi ti A. capensis C BS1381 gatus PPRI259 98sect F umigati A. templicola CBS138181T sect Flavipedes A. fumigatus PPRI4975sect Fumigati A. u rmiensis C BS139558TsectFlavipedes A. fumigatu s PPRI8527sect Fumigati A. ardalensis CCF4031T sect Flavipedes A. fumigatus PPRI3283 sect Fumigati A. flavipes N RRL302T sect Flaviped es A. fumigatus PPRI25993sect Fumigati A. micronesiensis NRRL29 gati 5 sect Flavipedes A. fumigatus PPRI13252 sectFumi A. micronesiensis CBS1 38183T s ectFlavipedes gatus PPRI 3479 sect Fumigati A. n eoflavipes CBS2 A.fumi migati 60.73T sect Flavipedes MK451426 .fumigatus PPRI10162 sect Fu A.polyporicola NRRL32683 A ctFumigati A.sp T sect Flavipedes fumigatus DTO244G3 se elaeus CCF 4425T sect A. hortai . F PPRI9902 A la 015D9 sect Fumigati A. janus CBS118 vipedes A. fumigatus CMV igati A. .45T sect Jani s PPRI8522 sect Fum flavus PPRI18143 A. f umigatu sect Fumigati A. flavus PPRI2 sect Flavi fumigatus CMV015C2 Fumigati A. flav 6345sectFlav A. 3478 sect i us PPRI1816 i A.fumigatus PPRI Fumigat A. flavus 1sect Flavi tus MRC435 sect gati A PPRI22482s A.fumiga 25 sect Fumi . flavus PPR ectFlavi usPPRI85 gati A. flavu I8551sect F A. fumigat 15C1 se ct Fumi ati A sPPRI18 lavi atus CMV0 sect Fumig . flavusCMV 712 sect Flav A. fu mig RI8523 igati A. fl 015C7sec i igatus PP ectFum i avus PPR t Flavi A. fum PRI8560s tFumigat A. flavu I20581 s umigatus P 6006 sec igati A. sCMV0 ect Flavi A.f sPPRI2 ect Fum flavus PP 15C9 sec umigatu 015D8 s A. flavus PPRI2603RI260 tFlavi A.f tusCMV sect Fumigatiati A 32sectF .fumiga RI8558 t Fumig . flavus 6 lavi A atus PP 4sec parsi A.flavusPPRI1814 sect Flav 97/* umig 739 ctS 4 i A. f us P PRI 61Tse t Usti A. fl CMV sect F . fumigat BS139. 4Tsec i avus 015C6 lavi MK451427 A sus C 2390 ct ust A.flavus CBS1 sect F A. s par s CBS1 34 se A C 10.55s lavi doustu sect usti . flavus BS574. ect Fla A. hortai PPRI8707 vi A. pseu oustus MRC12 33 A.flav MRC1 65 sec ud s MRC1280 sect Ustisti A us MRC3 317 sec t Flavi A. pse tu 114 3 ect U . flavu t Fl . pseudouss CBS 601T s t Usti A. fl s MR 732s avi A oustu 1 sec A avus PPRI18C174 ectFlav .calid sCBS12 ct Usti . flav 5 sect i A doustu 8 se ti A.o us PPRI 711 Flavi cali 11322 ct Us i ryza 18 sec A. lidoustus PPRI15353CBS 6 se t Ust A. flavuse CB 713 tFlavi A. ca ustus PRI897 4 sec ti 2 A. PPRIS102.07sect alido tus P t Us flavu T Flavi A.c eflec RI940 sec A. fla s PPRI260026001 sec udod tusPPI5177 ect Usti i A vus se t Flav pse deflec PPR 168 s Ust . oryza CBS5 3 ct Flavi i A. eudo s PRI9 Usti A. flavu e N 69.65 sectFlavi A. ps tus P 4564T sectsect ti A s RRL T udodeflectuc 77 ctUs . flav NR 458 sect A. pse dodefle PRI51 1 se ti A. flav us P RL37 sec Flav pseu s BAFCcultsP I897 sti A u PRI 51 t Flavi i A. scican ctu R 03 sect Us . flavu s PPRI 2648 sectF .fu efle tus PP 92 sect U sti A. flavu s 26 6 sect la A od c PRI 278 U A PPRI 04 vi . pseud odefle sP RRL sect Usti . fla s CB 26 4 sect Flav A eud flectu s N .74T ct ti A. fla vus S1 002 Fl i EU147728 EU147542 s e . p dod 9se t Us ti A v PPR 18. sect F avi A seu deflectu BS7561588 ec Us .flaus I26 62 sec . p do us C RI 1T s t sti A. vu PPR 00 t lavi A. hortai A DTO6I9 ct sec fl s 7 Fla seu efle os PP 4T ti A avus PPRII1871 sec v A. p d r BS14245389 Us . flavu PPR 79 4 t Fla i sigur s C 16sectUct i A. 77 sect Flaviv . pseudo A. n CBS12 186 T se Ustti A flavu s PP I26 sec i A inasis sect Us .fl s RI2 00 t Fl am n is IBT40842 ect sti A.flavuavu PPRI 599 4 se av . cont ade dens 1 6s ti A. s PPR 3 2 ct i A arlsb sba CBS 5 ect U flavu s 27 se Flavi rl s MRC5597RI34 6 s i A. PP I2 4 sec ct Fl A. c A. ca . asper u P 18 sect Us i flavu s RI1314338 t av A F4 C4 tUstst A. PP 9 Flav i . insuetuetus P 8 7 sec t U ti A flav s C RI sec i A ins sCCO17 .2 sec Us . fl us CBS501.BS 187 1se t Flav A. DT 9 t ti A. avu 11 15 ctFla insuetu S11 25T sec tUsti A flavu s 763 se i A. uetus B 7. 7T ec . fla PPRI2634 8 ct Flavivi ins tusC 3 T s ct Ussti A. vu s M 6 sec A. e CBS10 se tU A. flavuss RC 5 s t Flav insu tus 9.92 6 c sti fla MR 2526 7 ect A. e CBS132720 2se t U A. v MR C1 sec Flav i insu es 15 ec t Usti A m us 3 se t i A. oid ii CBS S14266 Ts ec . minisclerini P C6 66secct Fla vei e CB CF4 87 s t Usti i A. sclerotigePRI 97 Fla vi e eii sC 7T A. minis 26 9 s t vi A. k A. kevev cu 8 sec t Ust minis 02 ec Flavi EU147711 EU147525 dok uri 238 9B7 es A. cler ot n 2 t Fl ali sa 1 7 4seculantest A afla igenesesCBSse avi . c he id tes . afl to cle otig ct A. hortai CBS134.60 A CBSTO1 n A. Fl A. t uricusus NRRL624O179BtN idulanla s at xif roti en IB a sa T sec tN u nte s A afl o ormang es T32117 vi e anic icus DD T ec Nid a te . a atoxiformxiforman ene C 63 .th m an s 74 ct idul an es A. fla s B 11 3 A ger rm 4. Tsse N ul nt A. pip tox s NR S1 1 se A. ge anicu .65 T t id la cer eri i s IBT3207RL64417 se c A. m BS75 5 65 t N du A. c formansan C 63 ct t Fla C 46 . c Ni ulantesntes A. cerealieali ol sCBSBS 5Ts Flav v A.gers se ct id a A c a 143679 4 i i reu CBSS505 5T se tN dul es . e s CBC sect sec ect u s .6 T c i lantes s A. au re s BS1436CBS 1 F p CB S140629T7 sec N idu lant s al IB S1 21 9 t F la ns B 9 374 N nte A. au twi is T 43 13 .6 T Flav la vi A.pur ia C S4 34 5T sesect t la A parasstwi cki CBS1436743207 8 326 2 sec i vi iobrunneuvar s CB T sec idu antestes A . p 67 0 sec t nt s S1 90.6.51 ct NiduN ul n .p ar cki i CBS 0 6 T 5 t F ra A. eu CB 0 e id ntess A a itic i s sec sec sec Flavlav atenatu s 11 0s dulala e A . parasar si u C 1 ec t t t i .au ic 5 sect nt es . asiticutic s BS1 3540 t F Flavi Flav i A irid elunciensi usCBS1 58999T47 sect Nt Ni idu la s A p u P T Fl la v sp g lat RL ec N du te A . p ara i s PRI943 sec av vi i A. A. ur s ct Ni n s . a s tic sPPPPRI51 6 6 i b cens CBSPPRI2635575 e t la nte s A p rasitiit u 7 sec t Flavi aureo orNR RL587 s c Nidulantu e A . ar icu s 51 7T . aski ol R T e la s . par a PPRI2R 1 t F A A. peres erus PRI02.74T49 Ts idu te A par siticc s I2888 sectse lavi rsic b sNsP 6 ctNidN . as us PPRI797 3 ct MK451424 as ru 33 dulant s A p sec . ve tu BS 2 se t i ulan . a a iti us P 3 5 Fl Flavi A ro C HKUL 0 ec s A soj rassiti cu PPRI953P 0 sec t a sub .p uberu R s Nid lante s A. . p c s R 21 Flavivi A. hortai PPRI5864 . A I26021 sect idulantes a a it u I9 t A protube 1T sectct N N u A sojaera e ic s P 5 8 se F . . prot sNRPR T A . CBSu PPRI1PR 3 se c lav A A tuberus P 819 8 se ntes . p si s 2 c tFla o kongensisanu s NRRL53 7 sectct Nid s A parasara tic P I375 4 sec t i pr ic 13 4 0 A . NRRLu 1 P s Fl . ng fr enu us 0 Nidulante te . p s s 00 RI14644 4 e t a vi A a o en 2606 s A. parp arasi iticu PPRI95 6 c F vi .ho CBSRRL483 8T se idulantesntes A a it 928T 3 sec tF la A 1 sectct NidulaN . rasi ic s 1 6 l vi amous sN e t idulan es A tra t u 9 2 sec t av A. am. PPRI T s idula A . as icu s PPRI28 s Flavi i . austro A iac s 65 tN . tra ns ti D 8 e s t A nt NRRL3542028T sect Nidulante A t it cu s T sec13 c ec F a oenu 1 1 sec antes A . ransmontanensin monticu s C O t tF lav ur us s . tra s D B 203604 sec Flavi am n 8 sec Nidulant A tr m s S10 t la i 93/.95 . e s CBS1227 nte A . n o NRT Flavi t v seoa A . amoenu 76 ect Nidul a . spnans smontanensintanensia O3 C 6 Flavi i ri A pii CBS ntes A arachidi n 0 4 sec g .65T sect N A . m e R 0 926 . s NRRL239T ct Nidulantes . arach o nsi L6431E s T A A. amo t Nidulantes ntes A v onta e t tabacinu.pe i PPRI1324 2 sect Nidul tes .nnovo s 6 T ct Fla A wi ec Nidula tes A tra A. fructu ii NRRL4RI12668 sect0se Nidulante es A . o s MU 3 se sec Flav vi . w 7s . se v i c nsmn versicolorA CBS583. A sergi oparap dicolol ensi s M M se c t . i CBS593PP I381 sect idulan es A . r ar MUU t F i A . sydo 39 sect N t . pa gi a s M 10 ct Flavi A sydo i CMV015B9PPRI654 s 8 sect Nidulantes ulant A kr i a CBSo s MUM1 F la . i 3 t ulantes A . ras C si a ntanensi M 1 .20 la vi KP175260 LN680657 LN680685 A wi PPR T sect NidulaNid A . mottau i BS s t CBS CBS13 0 sydowi i T sec ct Nidulan s s ge MUM10 itic ic 10.21.22 5 vi . sydowii 47 t Nid e A . itic u 1 A . ydo PPRI1306 se ntes A . subu r 1 s 1 0 1 sec A. citrinoterreus PPRI bfla CBS138921 s i Nidulan u A . sydowi i 6 sec ct t A . ta i u 30017sCBCB117 7 .2 s A . ydowi Nidulantes lant . tam e P s 6 s 0 1 e t s CMV008E1 T se t Nidulantesdula A mariflav P 10 0152 sec Flavi A . i L227T ec u A . tam v CBS13RI898P . S1266 PPRI14 2 ct A I280 5 s Ni A . tamari u PRI92820 1 T sec sydowi 600 sec ct t a us s T S12 1 t Flavi . sydowi NRRL131 22 A . tamarii a ri i CBS143 8 secsec T F A . s NRR L 4 se tNidNidulantesdulantes A .t tamari r i C sect sec t lavi A NRRL13150i PPR58 R t A i PP B S843 sec 6 8 F sydowi s 8 sec Ni . a i 0 6 8495 t t 2 lav . ci R T sec t Nidulantes A . caelatmar i PPR S13 016 0 Fl t A N A . ps P R sec 0 t F 7 F PRI6329 T sec Nidulantes A FlaviF s lavi avi 5 i NRRLi sec t Nidulantes lantes . ps i PPRI2P I28 b s la T ec seclavi i P 7 A . ps e I 3 T t e i 5 sect Nidulantes es n eu u ii C RI7392600 09 s 6 Fl c v se t venenatu jensenii PPRI538 ec t A . docaelatuu PPRB 1 ec 83 se t i Flavi . . seni i 8592 9 s Nidulantes ulantes A . nomiuo eu a c t cvjetkovi n 67 t Nidu A . m d s S1 2 7 Ts c Flavi t Flav A . A sen PPRI1323 0 sect c d nomiu ot t v je i sec t Nidulantes A . n iu d CBS763 602 sec sect F t i Flavi ennesseensiA . 386 1 t A . o 0 2 8 F t jen ni 8 se A nomom a I2 lavi e i . . A jenseniie NRRL35641PPRI373 tNi Nidulantes .nomiunomiu s tam m 4. sec sec c lavi . jenseni 6 T sec t Nidulant A . s 6 3 t t A A A s NRRL5r A. . iu CBS260.88a 01 1 FlavFl PRI I508 T t A pse s PP 3 s Flavi A. r P Tsec t Nidulantes pseudonomiu iu s a r T t t a jens NRRL58 sec Nidulantes A . pseudonomiu CBS399.9 ri ii s 0 e F vi . r r PPRI990 t Nidulantes A sD DT . c F sec A . pseudonomiuudonomiu R i NRRL44CBS97 se sec t lavi la i A crebe r PPR T t Nidulantes . luteovirescen s C 8 sec t A . bertholletiu s I375 Flavi v crebe. A D T O2 B T c i aauensi. A PPRI131 5 sec c t NidulantesNidulantes A . coremiiformi D t t crebe t A . coremiiformi TO24O227B S 1 Fla A crebe r Nidulantes . togoensi T sec F . . 70 t Nidulantes A . 2 7 1 EU147692 EU147506 crebe Tsec A vandermerwei O161F 3 76 la puul A A . creber CBS134396 2 0se t Nidulantes A . vandermerwe 6I T 6 v . 0 t A vandermer. vandermerwe sec 6.9 3 t vi A . s CBS140627CBS132.55IBT33104T sec 8sec Nidulantes A . 5 3sec s 16 Fl i A A . 3 A. citrinoterreus IBT26385 A crebe Nidulantes vandermerwe e s s s s A . s E se Tsec t Nidulantes A. . vandermerwe s 8 t c 7 ec T a CBS133.54 100523T sec Nidulantes A. . vandermerwe C vi A. Tsec t A lanosu s 8 Flavit T r Nidulantes alliaceu s PPRI506 1 sect c t sec CBS1 143587 T sect t A. neoalliaceu s s BS se t t Fla o s NBRC3302 9 sect Nidulantes t Nidulantes A. neoalliaceu alliaceu. alliaceu s IBT1265 sec Fl S 5 t Nidulantes A alliaceu IBT29228NRRL655 sec Fla Fla . croceu ungui ol PPRI384 sec Nidulantes A CBS272.89s a CBS Tsec t A . CBS620.95 1 c v t PPRI554 sec Nidulantes A .lepori s A t A NRRL1375 19388 t Flavi i t vi Flavi CB s A lepori. magaliesburgensi v v A. s t Nidulantes .aspearensi CBS553.77 t Flavi F israelensi s T sec Nidulantes A i s t Nidulantes A . s Flavi i . Tsec sec t A . we lavi T A . aspearensi sec Nidulantes A . hancocki s CBS650.74 i A multic CBS140607T sec A . CBS T sec t Nidulantes A. avenaceu s 3 . mulundensi. t .ochraceusavenaceus i NRRL123 7sec T sec Nidulantes A. A . ochraceu s CBS14368 i s CBS428.93 sec t Nidulantes A .ochraceu s IBT2049 sec T A A s CBS314.89 T Nidulantes ostianusA. CBS103.07T sec PPRI682 i CBS612.78 riseminatu midu PPRI316 sect Nidulantes A .ochraceuochrace s A CBS536.65T i T T t pallidofulvusA. . ochraceu s CBS12920 2 s T sec Nidulantes A CBS5 sec t A. i tu s sec melleusA. CBS546.65 . ochraceu CBS151.66 CBS13217 12670 T A . ostianus NRRL5225 sect Circumdati .westerdĳkiaeA. sec s CBS12625 Nidulantes A. plu . m CBS653.73 8 sec . CBS1 CCF568 R sect t t Nidulantes westerdĳkiaeA. A pallidofulvus Nidulantes A Tsec .westerdĳkiaeA. PPRI5061 pallidofulvu t pluriseminatus ensi CBS496.65 sect A . . T t Nidulantes cretensisA. Flavi .muricatusA. pallidofulvu A s 6 A A. .sclerotioru A. .subramaniani A. PPRI8357 sclerotiorum A. Circumdati CBS549.65T sect sclerotiorum A. pallidofulvus

700 sec A t A A t bridger A. . . CBS271.91T 0 Circumdati sect CBS138172T salwaensis A. s Flavi A sec t Nidulantes .westerdĳkia sesamicola CBS137324T sec sec . T t Nidulantes westerdĳkiae CBS T tFlavi Flavi an CBS486.65 sect . westerdĳkiae CBS112791 sect CBS13437 sec . A . i pluriseminatu s A 5 t . CBS143681 t Nidulantes Nidulantes afﬁni s Flavi auricomu 1 sec westlandensi FRR3425 1 . corariu Nidulantes CBS persii pseudosclerotioru sec s F t Nidulantes fresenii 7 5 Nidulantes s s 9 sec u s 1.6 avannensisw 9sec t Candidi 2 6 T t t A CBS351.81 Candidi CBS14367 7 sec t Nidulantes Candidi sec t s Candidi NRRL3503s CBS109.46 CBS143672 2 sec sec Fl Nidulantes t Candidi Fl s CBS140608 sec Candidi sPPRI6816NRRL41NRRL4517 sect 5914 CBS140626 sec Nidulantes t sCBS sec sec Flavi . ster recurvatu s CBS138.55 t Nidulantes Nidulantes t CBS108.08 4 t t Candidi s T bot T t s 9 avi avi Candidi sec 1 . purpureocrustaceupurpureocrustaceu. . sect t s s Flavi A s t Candidi . recurvatu s CBM sec t Candidi 1 . CBS952.97 T t Nidulantes Candidi sec t . CBS198.8 5sec sec PPRI26013 sec sect Flavi t t A A sect Nidulantes t Candidi PPRI6335 sec s A CBS120.55 sec t 0 CBS129190T sect T PPRI616 Flavi A A sec sec t t Fla Flavi A A. desertoru recurvatus s s 17.50 sec sec sect ec s IBT1226 sec sect t s 6 sect i Flavi Flavi s IFM55265 sec sCBS sec s sec falconensi 4sect sec Circumdati sect CBS550.65T Flavi t

B308Tsc Circumdati sect CBS350.81T EF669579 EF669518 EF669537 EF669621 8 sec 9 s sect t A. 2 Tsec T sect Candidi CBS1 5 t . fruticulosu CBS133.60 CBS130.48 sec CBS467.65s CBS 1 T Flavi vi MRC332 5 sect Candidi sect Candidi CMV012D tFlavi latilabiatus CBS426.93 3sec 0 sect Candidi sect NRRL474 Flavi Flavi CBS200.7 CBS CBS640.78 18.3 A . m T sec s Circumdati sect 112795T T eNRRL5175 Flavi s 4 s T sect Candidi 9 sec Flavit t CBS112803T Circumdatisect A. citrinoterreus s NRRL1913 A 3 A. violaceu CBS11340CBS1 Flavi PPRI8700 sec sect sec navahoensi. 1368 NRRL3502 s T s i sec 1 T s 1 18.51 11279 t 14.26 sec 2 Tsec t 5sec . CBS191.77 1 5 B172Tsc CircumdatiCBS137321T sect A Circumdati sect CBS138230T 12802T sect sec omanensijaipurensi PPRI2093 sec Flavi CBS279.81T MRC418 Flavi sec A s CBS283.67T sec CBS240.9 12808 t MRC3080 sec . . 1 sec rugulosu CCF164 sect Circumdati t Flavi CBS853.9 i T Circumdati s 1280 sulphureoviridiA A . s CBS589.65 CBS492.65T i aurantiopurpureu UTHSCSADI15 m CBS591.65T t Flavi CBS CBS467.8 Flavi tFlavi . . spinulosporu rugulosu rugulosu PPRI2634 t A s CBS1 sec Circumdati 8sec t t t t . rugulosu s CBS142984 2 0 t A . . s CBS266.81 CBS225.8 Flavi A . pachycristatu. pachycristatus IBT2355 . rugulosu s CBS125.55 Flavi tritici t Circumdati Circumdati Cir . pachycristatu s sCCF465 Circumdati A i NRRL58579 sect Candidi A A A A rugulosu striatu s CBS937.7 s Tsect sec sec A rugulosu s CBS348.81 s CBS14298 Circumdati sect T s CCF3962 CBS138194 sect Circumdati A. Tsec A . CBS142982 sect Candidi 4sec t . latu CBS567.65T A. sec cumdati s CBS566.65T Circumdati sect t . 4 A A. tritic s A. sec A nidulan nidulan A. tritic Circumdati s t t t tritic Circumdati foveolatus. . A etCircumdati sect Circumdati Circumdati Circumdati . corrugatus A. nidulans . t . t A A Circumdatit

Circumdati A A tCircumdati tCircumdatiCircumdati Circumdatit A Circumdati Circumdati

Circumdati

pragensi . pragensi

quadrilineatus campestri candidu

quadrilineatu A quadrilineatu . quadrilineatus . coprophilu . A. candidus A. . quadrilineatu. . dobrogensis CCF4651T A. quadrilineatu . dobrogensis A A. . quadrilineatu quadrilineatus A A A. coprophilu A verruculosus CBS142667 sec A A A A. canariensis PPRI6060 sect Candidi A. .

A . taichungensis IBT19404 A. subalbidus . A. 13 A. subalbidu A A. canariensi A. canariensis CBS142983

A A

T MK451340 sect A. citrinoterreus PPRI7464 Circumdati */* */* A. citrinoterreus IBT14590 FJ531214 EU147698 EU147512

A. citrinoterreus IBT6450 FJ531213 EU147695 EU147509 89/- A. citrinoterreus NRRL260 EF669587 EF669521 EF669545 EF669629

88/- A. terreus CBS125.38 EU147712 EU147526

A. terreus PPRI20932 MK451533

A. terreus PPRI8672 MK451534

89/* 97/.96 A. terreus PPRI26029 MK451539

A. terreus CBS594.65 EU147709 EU147523

A. terreus PPRI25997 MK451532

A. terreus CBS118.27 EU147707 EU147521 T 98/.99 A. terreus CBS601.65 EF669586 EF669519 EF669544 EF669628 A. terreus PPRI13086 MK451537

A. terreus PPRI8282 MK451536

A. terreus PPRI26027 MK451538 91/* 99/* A. terreus CBS106.25 EU147710 EU147524

A. terreus PPRI10373 MK451535

95/- A. neoafricanus NRRL4609 EF669603 EF669517 EF669561 EF669645 99/* 85/- A. neoafricanus IBT13121 FJ531218 EU147705 EU147519 T A. neoafricanus CBS130.55 AY822633 EF669516 EF669543 EF669627

97/* Aspergillus ‘species CBS142751’ PPRI9903 MK450635 MK450984 MK451358

A. species CBS142751 LT798913 LT798948 LT798949 LT798950 T 88/* A. pseudoterreus CBS123890 EF669598 EF669523 EF669556 EF669640 T A. heldtiae PPRI4229 MK450656 MK450981 MK451518 MK450809

98/.98 A. cf alabamensis PPRI9150 MK450989 MK451314 MK450767 97/* 99/.96 A. cf alabamensis PPRI9189 MK450995 MK451320

A. cf alabamensis PPRI8741 MK450990 MK451315 MK450768

A. cf alabamensis PPRI9206 MK450994 MK451319 MK450771 99/* A. cf alabamensis PPRI8747 MK450991 MK451316 MK450769

A. cf alabamensis PPRI8696 MK450993 MK451318 MK450770 98/* A. cf alabamensis PPRI8979 MK450992 MK451317 */* A. cf alabamensis CBS142981 LT798912 LT798945 LT798946 LT798947

*/* A. cf alabamensis PPRI7492 MK450983 MK451312 MK450765

A. cf alabamensis PPRI9184 MK450988 MK451313 MK450766

*/* A. alabamensis DTO15F9 FJ531196 EU147716 EU147530

98/* A. alabamensis DTO15F8 FJ531195 EU147715 EU147529

A. alabamensis PPRI26028 MK451299 97/* T A. alabamensis CBS125693 KP987071 KP987049 EU147583 KP987018

95/.99 A. alabamensis IBT12702 FJ531215 FJ491705 FJ531240

A. alabamensis IBT22563 FJ531208 EU147700 EU147514 87/* */* A. alabamensis PPRI25994 MK450947 MK451300 MK450758

A. alabamensis PPRI25996 MK450948 MK451301 MK450759 92/- A. alabamensis NRRL29810 EF669589 EF669522 EF669547 EF669631 T A. niveus CBS115.27 EF669615 EF669528 EF669573 EF669657

99/* A. niveus NRRL515 EF669610 EF669525 EF669568 EF669652 */* 96/.96 A. niveus NRRL4751 EF669608 EF669527 EF669566 EF669650 98/- x4 95/.96 A. niveus NRRL1955 EF669584 EF669526 EF669542 EF669626 A. niveus CBS471.91 FJ491719 FJ531224

98/* A. carneus CBS111.49 FJ531203 FJ491721 FJ531228 T 97/* A. carneus CBS494.65 EF669611 EF669529 EF669569 EF669653 99/* A. carneus NRRL298 EF669590 EU014100 EF669548 EF669632 -/* A. carneus NRRL1928 EF669581 EF669530 EF669539 EF669623 -/.99 A. carneus PPRI13094 MK451162 MK451331 MK450778 A. cf allahabadii PPRI8987 MK450628 MK450996 MK451303 MK450761 */* A. cf allahabadii PPRI7534 MK450999 MK451306 MK450764 -/* A. cf allahabadii PPRI8751 MK450629 MK450997 MK451304 MK450762 82/- A. cf allahabadii PPRI9194 MK450998 MK451305 MK450763 94/* */* A. cf allahabadii CBS142987 LT798911 LT798942 LT798943 LT798944 A. cf allahabadii CBS142986 LT798910 LT798939 LT798940 LT798941

*/* A. allahabadii NRRL4101 EF669599 EF669533 EF669557 EF669641 91/.96 -/* A. cf allahabadii PPRI5574 MK450987 MK451302 MK450760 T */* A. allahabadii CBS164.63 EF669601 EF669531 EF669559 EF669643 T x4 A. neoindicus CBS444.75 EF669616 EF669532 EF669574 EF669658 T */* A. iranicus CBS139561 KP987077 KP987045 KP987060 KP987034 x8 A. iranicus CBS139560 KP987076 KP987044 KP987059 KP987033 T A. aureoterreus CBS503.65 EF669580 EF669524 EF669538 EF669622 */* A. aureoterreus PPRI13096 MK451161 MK451323 MK450772

A. aureoterreus CBS265.81 FJ531200 FJ491724 FJ531221

*/* A. ﬂoccosus IBT22556 FJ531217 FJ491728 KP987066 KP987021 T A. ﬂoccosus CBS116.37 FJ531205 FJ491714 FJ531219

93/- A. iizukae CMFISB2417 HG915896 HG916688 HG916732 HG916710 96/- A. iizukae PPRI4965 MK451428 98/* A. iizukae CCF4032 HG915894 HG916687 HG916730 HG916708 */* T A. iizukae CBS541.69 EF669597 EU014086 EF669555 EF669639 T 91/* A. capensis CBS138188 KJ775550 KJ775072 KJ775279 KP987020 T */* A. ardalensis CCF4031 FR733808 HG916683 HG916725 HG916704 91/* T A. ﬂavipes NRRL302 EF669591 EU014085 EF669549 EF669633 T 93/* A. templicola CBS138181 KJ775545 KJ775092 KJ775394 KP987038 99/* T A. urmiensis CBS139558 KP987073 KP987041 KP987056 KP987030 T */* A. micronesiensis CBS138183 KJ775548 KJ775085 KJ775355 KP987023 */* */* A. micronesiensis NRRL295 EF669588 EU014081 EF669546 EF669630 x4 T A. neoﬂavipes CBS260.73 EF669614 EU014084 EF669572 EF669656 T */* A. polyporicola NRRL32683 EF669595 EU014088 EF669553 EF669637 T A. spelaeus CCF4425 HG915905 HG916698 HG916741 HG916719 T A. janus CBS118.45 EF669578 EU014076 EF669536 EF669620 0.05

Fig. 6. Multigene phylogeny of Aspergillus sect Terrei and Flavipedes based on a combined ITS, BenA, CaM and RPB2 dataset. Strains from new species are shown in orange text, strains identiﬁed during this study in black text and reference strains in grey text. GenBank accession numbers for ITS (green), BenA (blue), CaM (maroon) and RPB2 (purple) are given behind strain numbers. Branch support in nodes higher than 80 % bs and/or 0.95 pp are indicated above thickened branches (T = ex-type; * = 100 % bs or 1.00 pp; - = support lower than 80 % bs and/or 0.95 pp).

274 ASPERGILLUS IN SOUTH AFRICA

ITS |BenA | CaM | RPB2 91/.98 A. germanicus DTO179B4 KJ775490 MK451285 KJ775276 .caaoaiu B446Tsc Clavati sect CBS474.65T clavatonanicus A.

.acanthosporusA. CBS558.71T sec

.acanthosporusA. CBS447.65 Clavati sect .posadasensisA. FMR12168T

.lnieiaCS3.1 sec CBS530.71T longivesica A. .rioou CBS450.75 rhizopodus A.

.lnieiaCS8.7sc Clavati sect CBS187.77 longivesica A.

.giganteuA.

.rioou IMI351309 rhizopodus A.

.ggnesCS1.5sc Clavati sect CBS515.65 giganteus A. .ggnesPPRI2601 giganteus A. .ggnesCBS119.48 giganteus sect A. posadasensi

Aspergillus

Aspergillus .clavatusA. CBS513.65 t A Aspergillus A t

A. Aspergillus Aspergillus .clavatusA. CBS236.81 Clavatisect Aspergillus Aspergillus t iatu R43sc Clavati sect MRC453 giganteus . .clavatusA. PPRI26493 sectClavati PPRI3211 seifertii A. Aspergillus t A. sublevisporus CBS128796T sect Fumigati seifertiiPPRI26025 Clavati sect . t Aspergillus A. Aspergillus .similanensisA. KUFA0012T sect t t .clavatusA. A. t clavatus CBS334.67 Clavati sect A. clavatusA. PPRI26495 sect A Aspergillus

Cervini

.fennelliaeA. sec .clavatusA. PPRI13832 sect Clavati clavatus CBS514.65 t sec Aspergillus

clavatus. PPRI4976 sect t Tsec A sec .clavatusA. PPRI14650 sect Clavati sec Aspergillus sec sec

clavatu 5 t A denticulatu A clavatusA. PPRI9818 sect Clavati A. sec A. huiyaniae IFM57847T sect Fumigati clavatusA. PPRI21896 sect Clavati sect t clavatus. PPRI855 sect 4 .clavatusA. PPRI17069 sec 4 Aspergillus clavatus. PPRI13831 0 1 tasmanicus. A. ferenczii CBS283.66T sect Fumigati CBS526.65T Clavati sect s Aspergillus Aspergillus 8 sec Aspergillus 9 T t Aspergillus sec otanii NRRL32571R sect Fumigati t Aspergillus Aspergillus A. Aspergillus t A. unilaterali t sec t A. nishimuraeA. IFM54133T sect Fumigati 5 sec t t Aspergillus Aspergillus A. assulatus IBT27911T sect Fumigati sFMR12322sectClavati t T Aspergillus A. caatingaensis IFM61335T sect Fumigati t Aspergillus T marvanovaeA. NRRL62486T t AspergillusAspergillus T sec Aspergillus A. multip sec t Aspergillus Aspergillus waksmani sec t t PPRI26045s sect Clavati sec sec t Aspergillus A sec sec t sec 4 t Aspergillus Aspergillus turcosus KACC42091T sec PPRI26042 sec 5 sec t Aspergillus sect A A. stramenius CBS498.65T sect Fumigati 9 sect AspergillusAspergillus 98/.99 pernambucoensis. IFM61342T sect Fumigati sec T t t Aspergillus 1 3 t A. pernambucoensis IFM61343 sec A. tsunodae 9 t Aspergillus PPRI2603 sec . PPRI6330 sec PPRI867 MRC125 T CBS598.74T sect Fumigati PPRI485 sec CBS652.73Ts sect Fumigati CCF424 0 CBS491.65 CCF537 Aspergillus t CMV012H galapagensi 7sec sec sect Aspergillus

s s KJ775491 MK451286 KJ775277 9 s 8 t s s 8 s sec s 1sec s A. auratu s sec A. elsenburgensi CBS121594T sect Fumigati sec 4 3 Tsec sect Aspergillus Aspergillus Aspergillus CBS523.65

T 7 sec A CBS377.7 Aspergillus l Clavati sect 9 2 t icatus CBS646.95 9 5 A. germanicus sec DTO179B7 A. auratus . s AspergillustAspergillus t t Aspergillus0 s

CBS537.65

i Clavati sect A. brevistipitatu Clavati sect Aspergillust australensis CBS112.55T sec CBS126.56T sectNRRL179T Fumigati sect Clavatisect T Clavatisect Aspergillus T CBS141774 t

etClavatisect s PPRI2655 sect A. papuensis CBS141770 sect 40 CBS375.7 PPRI633 PPRI341 PPRI26034 Aspergillus A. PPRI1341 t Aspergillus A. conversis CBS135457T sect Fumigati s i PPRI3791 sec sec sect Clavati2 sect Clavati i PPRI2603 t tClavati s i PPRI5410 T T Tsec sec 6 s CBS522.65 O092D s CCF539 6sec s i PPRI2600 sec 1 tClavati PPRI490 solicol CBS466.65Ts sect Fumigati Clavati i CCF539 sect IFM57609T sect Fumigati PPRI1342 CBS141930 T sec sCBS i PPRI2634 s i CBS14176 TO322A 9 A A. shendaweii IFM5761 DT s sec t Aspergillus sec CCF478 s 1 114.27 A. Clavatit i PPRI673 5 Aspergillus Aspergillus shendawei. i D 2 Clavati CBS123.53s NRRL6249 t t

cervinu NRRL437 montevidensi s 12.26 montevidensi CBS121.45T sec Clavati montevidensi montevidensi montevidensi s sec neoglaber CBS111.55T sect montevidensi t Aspergillus intermedius s 1 . A. . . montevidensi intermediu tClavati . montevidensi s . montevidensi porosu a NRRL35723T sect . Aspergillus . . porosu . porosu s . porosu Clavatit . 1 . caperatu CBS

A sec A . A sec PPRI2994s sect Fumigati A chevalier 1 A . A A . chevalier Fumigati A Aspergillus A A neoglaber NRRL3434 sect A . chevalier A . MRC123 A chevalieri 17522T sect A . sec A chevalier s A . chevalieri PPRI2634 T T .h . A s CBS135454CBS841.96T A . chevalier A A chevalieri CBS CBS471.65 s Aspergillus A . CBS516.65 MRC45 sect A. hiratsukaeA. PPRI1neoglaber sect Fumigati A . chevalier EXF1002 T A. . chevalier NRRL12 i s MRC46 t . T sect A chevalieri CBS142376T Aspergillus i A . s i s Aspergillus ratsukae PPRI19190 sect Fumigati A chevalier s T t hiratsukae CBS294.93T sect Fumi Fumigati A chevalier s CBS141767 s UTHSCSADI1 A. thermomutatu hiratsukae PPRI91 A. . cristatu Fumigatit A . s sect9 Fumigati A. . 9 sect A. hiratsukae CCF3988 sect Fumigati IFM57611Ti sect Fumigati A . s s sec A .proliferan Cremei A. thermomutatus NRRL1283A. sec A . proliferan proliferan sec A . proliferan proliferan T sect t A . aurantiacoflavu A A. hiratsukae PPRI3260 A A . aurantiacoflavu T A hiratsukae. hiratsukae DTO237B6 sect Fumigati Fumigati A . aurantiacoflavu spathulatus. A . glaucu CremeiCremei A . glaucu sec Cremei Cremei NRRL183 A . CBS374.75 t Cremei A. spathulatus NRRL20550 sect Fumigati A . niveoglaucu CBS141773 t t Fumigati .brunneu T Cremei t Fumigatit A neocarnoy i CGMCC3.0396 s T A. pseudoviridinutans NRRL62904T sect Fumigati sect A neocarnoy CBS138177 t Cremei TsectF A . levisporu i PPRI342 sec A. delicatus CBS101754 0 sect Fumigati Fumigatit A. . i i sect Cremei CremeiCremei A . sec sec t A . pseudoglaucupseudoglaucu 5 4 sec t A A pseudoglaucu 9 2 sec Cremei A A. duricauli Fumigati . pseudoglaucu sect . . sCBS208.92 Fumigati A . CBS530.65 DAOMC146054 8 t Cremei A. tsurutaebrevipe CCF410 A . i 9 sec quadric 9185 sect Fumigati A microperforatu r CBS101748 18.3 CremeiCremeit A . sloani r KACC46346 9sect 5 Tsec 72 sect Fumigatisec umigati A. microperforatu. zutongqi 1 Cremei NRRL20549 A t FJ531146 FJ531172 FJ531141 KU866944 . Cremei Fumi A zutongqi CBS104.07 1sec secCremei A t Cremei 99/* rube i CCF336 sect t Cremeiec t Fumigati A. zutongqi. sect T t Cremei A. frankstonensis CBS142233T sect s CBS118.53T sect Fumigati Fumigati . rube i CBS 4 s t A. germanicus A CBS123887 A. speciesinctus CBS135.52 . appendiculatu i 1 s CBS481.65T s 2 A mallochi CBS130.4 CBS13439 sec T A. gati A cibarius i PPRI2604 CBS134393T 9 sect sec CBMFA0933T sec A. . i PPRI2634s sec . wenti s T sec 0 A. viridinutanviridinut A. feli T sect Fumsect Fumigati A wenti PPRI2599 NRRL508 0 T A. felis CBS130245T A . i CBS472.65CCF187 t Cremei A. arcove t A . wenti s s A T sect Fumigati Fumigat A . wenti CCF504 ilum . A. A wenti 1323 sec Cremei wentii s 1 1 sect Cremei A arcoverdensiarco s CBS130244DTO175H3 sect Fumigatisect Fumigati T g A. T t an tFumigati ati A. wenti s CBS649.74 CBS108.63 Cremei . arcoverden sect A. . europaeu s PPRI2603 CMV012C . i sec t A. wyomingensve s DTO327G4 sect Fumigati A europaeu CBS257.85s CBS 1323 rdensis PPRI7491 se i A . chrysellu s 1 CremeiPolypaec A. r s CBS127.56T sect Fumigati T sect Fumigatiec igati A . chrysellus s s CBS14275 sec t t A. densi sect FumigatiFumigati A . dimorphicu s CBS648.74 T wyominge t A sepultu Terrei Fumigati 15.32T secsec A A. wyomi sC A. . dimorphicu sCBSCBS500.651 8 . sPPRI7514sect A dimorphicu T A. wyomingensiswyomingensis NRRL62907s sect Fumigati A. sepultu s sect is BS139187 A. . wyomingensis CBS139188 sect Fumigati sect Fumigati dimorphicu CBS T ng A . esporlensi errei Terrei ensisnsis PPRI5573is s A . flaschentraeger T t Terrei A . CBS477.65 230t t erreirei A A. siam CCF5640sectFu gorakhpurensi s NRRL4514 T . A . gorakhpurensi sec t Ter siamensis KUFC6349T sec A stromatoide s CBS384.61sec 4 sec t errei T PPRI517 Fumigati T A. acrensis Ts ct Fumigati A. . stromatoide s 5 5 t errei CCF417 A . itaconicus u 4secsec T errei ensi ect Fumigati A . CBS12 t T A A. ac Fumigati cremeu i UAB 7 sec t A .a CCF4417T sec A cremeu i 1674 2 sec . s IFM61157 sect Fumigati A. . insolit IBT2638 secTerrei errei aureolusureolus CBS105.55 NRRL20643 sect Fumigati 8 sect Fumigati A . IBT T1674 3 5 t tT rensis CCF4961 sect Fumigati0 ect Fumigati horta i HE615088 HE615095 HE615120 HE615126 A. aureolus PP A IB errei IFM57291T sec sec A. horta i sec erreiT sec A. aureolu migati . hortai t TerreiT Terreierrei A. aureolus C A . PPRI990 1 t erreiT t T A. thesauricus horta NRRL62487 A t A secttT ec t . udagawa Fumigati A. horta i PPRI753 secsec0 s Terrei A. . hortai PPRI870PPRI25994 9 sec 5 sec t */* t A i 3 errei s PPRI11297 sec Fumigati A. a IBT627AB ec t T A. A. udaudagawae IFM5413 . hortai i U O6I s errei RI3451 s t Fumigat A i T S134.6 4 T errei udagaw A. hortahort D B CBS138921 sec t T A e BS137453 sect t Fumigati . horta i s IBT2638 0 t . ud gawae PPRI T A i C 9 sec ei A. u s A. horta PPRI5864s 45 0 sec agawae DTO308H ect Fumigati . horta i PRI746 0 err rei A. da ae 1 e i A . orta rreu P t T ga IFM541311324 sect sec Fumigatict Fumigati A .h s IBT1 26 Ter A. udagawudag CBS14 A horta s t w tFumigati . IBT645 ec Terrei A. udagawa ae DTO166D6 A NRRL8secs t A. a 2 A. citrinoterreu us 2 errei wa 2 sec t FumigatiFumigati s sect T errei A ud e 23 A. citrinote. citrinoterreus NRRL191 9 t T . agawae PPRI26030a C se 1sectF A citrinoterreu 2 errei A udagawa e CCF449C . 2secsec .ud F4476 6 umigati A . citrinoterreuCBS125.3 7 Terrei eC se t A citrinoterres PPRI2093 t errei A.uaga secc F 5 sect T t T A. udaA. ud eD CF t F umig A. . citrinoterreuPPRI260 dagawawa 4 s tFumu A s PPRI867 7sec Terrei eD TO 4 1 ec mig .terreuerreuseu s 3sect Terrei A a 79 sec t at A .t PPRI259918.2 t . udagawaegaw gaw CBS114218TO 28 sec Fumi a i A terr s BS594.61 037 sec Terrei A e 0 3 tFumigig ti . C 2 ct Terrei A . aeCBae CCF563406 D t g ati A . terreu s CBS 7sec . f A udag C A33 ct FumigatiF at A terreu s se rrei errei umis . udagawae D CF5638 se sec um i PPRI1 6 sectt Te t TerreitT awae S1 sect tFu ig ati A. terreu us PPRI828 T c HE615089 HE615096 HE615121 HE615127 yn 142 a A. terreu 1 sec Terrei errei nematus I D sec F m ti A. Tset A. lentulus T 17T tFuumi igati . terre s PPRI2602PPRI1308 sec sect T A. thesauricus CCF4152 O0 c A terreus s 30.55 1 A. l TO019D719D8 se sect Fumit Fumigatim gati A. terreu CBS601.65IBT13121 rei en FM sec igati . CBS106.25s sec Terrei Ter A A. tulus DTO179A4227 A . terreu s CBS t . lentuluslentulu C se t Fumi A terreus anu sect CBS14275errei sec A P 7 ct Fumi gati A. anuss NRRL46093 w T T Terrei . lent sP PR Tsec g . terreu ne t errei A I tFu a A neoafric s sect3890 sec t T . lentuluulu B PRI75361 4 secct Fumigatim g ti A. oafric errei A. s S1178 70sec i ati PPRI990 9 sec t T A. le NRRL35551 s tFumiga A. neneoafricanui 8 sec Terrei novof A. ntu s KACC41 8 2 ti A. brunneuPPRI4229sCBS12PPRI9150I91 1 t lent lus KACC4139 5T se t F . fimet reu s 74 A.noumig u s ct um gat A ae PPR 8 6sec a lusNRRL35 ect FumigaFumigatiig i A.fimeti ensi RI sect Terreit Terrei A.fuvofu tus C 39 e ati heldti s PP 7 errei t Terrei m m 3secct Fumigati A. pseudotermensis PPRI920 sec T A. ig ig BS 2 A. f allabam s sect 1sec fumigatatiaffinatu 1175255 sect FumigatF ti . c allaba si A.fum s CC 3s umigati A cf abamensi Terrei A. fumi iaffinisP F 0T ect Fum A. f all s PPRI8696BS14298t A. igatiaf PR 4078 sec . c allabamen si PPRI8979 fumigatiaffi isCCI3210 t Fumigati A cf s newC 2sec A. fumiga gatiaffifinis CCF4482 sec igatti A. f allabamensis PPRI874s sect Terrei F44 s t Fu i . c allabamen atu Terrei A. n nis 99 se ec mi A cf bamensic s PPRI749 sect errei fu is IBT13 tFu g A. osul 9 migatiaffinistiaffinisCBS P ct migaati falla isPPRI9184sect Tt Terrei ei A 11 131 secsec Fum A. cauranti O15F sec tTerr . spin PRI1309718 tFumiigatiti A. f alabamensi DT O15F8 8 ec A o PP 6T t . c T LT798914 LT798951 LT798952 LT798953 . spinosussusCBSRI1308 sect Fumigatiga A cf allabamensmensisis D errei A 0 sect FumiF ti A. aba PPRI2602 sect T errei . lacinio 4 um . al tT rrei A. calidokeveii CBS142666 NRRL3256983 9 igat A A.lac s .65 sec i alabamens s CBS125693TT127023 sec s A. inios us P Tse tFumigat A. alabamensiss IB t Terrei 98/* P ct i . T2256 c laci us RI32 sect FF gati A labamensi IB 6 se Terrei A. laci niosus PPRI 4 um .a bamensi t A.la n 31977s secec umiigati A la s PPRI25994 sect0 sec Te cinio ios PPR t F gati A.a si 2981 errei A. sus us PPRII384 um s PPRI2599 t T laciniosusC 7 s t Fumiigati A. alabamensisallabamennsi sec Terrei A. BS1 341 ect F gati A. sis NRRL Tsect ei lacin K 1772 7 se um . allabame err A. laci iosu ACC416571TsectFctF iga A s IBT22556 sectT nio s KACC umigatiti A. alabamen CBS116.377T errei A. takakiisus C 4 se u .floccosu 15.2 tT A. lacin KACC 164 ct miga A 5 sec tTerrei 4164 4 sec Fum ti A. floccosusCBS1 iosus KACBMFA 4a t Fumigatiigati niveus NRRL51 t Terrei A. 884 sect A. veus 5sec errei fisch C4 TsectFum A.ni s NRRL4751 sec t T A. fischerier NiNRRL41657a sect FumigFumiigati veu NRRL195 tTerrei gati A. ni s 71.91 secsec Terrei A.fis R 585 s A. niveu s CBS4 111.49 ct A. fischeriche CBS544.65Tri RL4075 secectFu ati niveu 65T se T NR . sCBS94. tTerrei RL4 tFumiga A CBS4 ec i A. 161 sect Fumimigatti A. carneueus 8s ect Terre fischeri PP i n NRRL29928 s rei A. fis RI45 se gati A. car 1 ect Ter ei -/* cheri P ct Fum . carneuss NRRL 094s ctTerr A. fis PR 07 sec iga A rneu 87 se cheri I3488 tFum ti A. ca PPRI13 I89 ect Terrei EU076354 EU076376 EU076365 KU866938 A. fischer PPRI sec igati carneus i PPR 1s i 3418 tFumig A. llahabadi errei A. oerl A. fisc PPRI34 sect Fu ati A. cfa adiiPPRI87534 sect T A. keveii CBS209.92 h hab inghausen eri PPRI 28sec migati f alla i PPRI75 t Terrei rei sis CBS 26026 sect tFumi A. c habadi I9194sec sect Ter A. fu m 139183 Fumigatigati A. alla ii PPR 2987 errei A igatus NRRL Tsec lahabad CBS14 ect T . fumigatu 55 t Fumi A.al ricus new S142986 s A s CBS13 87sect Fumigatigati A. majo ew CB sectTerrei . fumigatus 3.61T sect ajoricus n RL4101 rrei A. DTO26 Fum A.m badiiNR 4 sect Te fumigatus N 6H1 sect igati A. al laha i PPRI557 A.fumig RRL164 sec Fumigat adi 64.63T sect Terrei atus PPRI20934 s tFumi i A. allahabadii CBS1 t Terrei A. fumiga gati A. a llahab 39561T sec tus PPRI 1 ect Fumigati icus CBS1 sect Terrei A. fumigatu 0498 sect F A.iran BS139560 Terrei A s PPRI12665 umigati . iranicus C .75T sec t . fumigatus PPRI1308 sect Fumigati A us CBS 444 ct Terrei A. 4 se A. ne oindic 1 se fumigatus PPRI1 ct Fumigati ureoterreus CBS265.8 ct Terrei A. fumi 0161 sect Fumiga A. a rreus PP RI13096 se i gatus PPRI35 ti A. cf aur eote 3.65T sect Terre A. f umigat 05 sect Fumigati oterreusCBS50 us PPRI5090 s ect Fumi A. aur e 2sect Flavipedes T A.fumiga gati e CCF403 tus DTO267H1 sect A. ii zuka 17 sectFlavipedes A.fumigatus Fumigati A.iizukaeCMFISB24 PPRI10499sectFumigati CBS541.69Tsect Flavipedes A. fumigatusCMV015 A. iizukae ipedes C5 sect Fumigati A.iizukae PPRI4965 sect Flav A. fumigatus CMV015C3 sect Fumigati 8TsectFlavipedes JN982704 JN982694 JN982684 KX423660 A. capensis CBS13818 A. fumigatus PPRI25998 sect Fumigati sect Flavipedes A.fumigat A. templicola CBS138181T A. keveioides us PPRI CBS132737 4975 sectFumigati A. urmiensis CBS139558T sect Flavipedes A. f umigatus PP RI8527 sect Fumigati A.ardalensis CCF4031 TsectFlavipedes A. fumigatusPPRI3283sect F umigati */* A. fl avipes N RRL302T sectFlavipedes A.fumigatusPPRI25993 sectFumigati A. micronesiensis NRRL 295 sect Flavipedes A. fumigatus PPRI132 52 sect Fumigati A. micronesiensis CBS138183T s ectFlavipedes atusPPRI3479sect Fumigati A. neoflavipesCBS A. fumig igati 260.73T sectFlavipedes fumigatus PPRI10162sect Fum A. polyporicola NRRL32683T s A. sect Fumigati A. spela ect Flavip edes A.fumigatus DTO244G3 eus CCF4425T sect F la sect Fu migati A. janu s CBS11 vipedes A. fumigatus CMV015D9 umigati A.fl 8.45Tsect Jani usPPRI8522 sec tF avusPPRI18143s A. fumigat sectFumigati A. flavu s PPRI ect F lavi umigatusCMV015C2 Fumigati A. fla 26345 sect Flavi A. f PRI3478 sect vusPPRI1816 A. f umigatus P Fumigati A.flavus 1 sect Fla vi RC435sect ati A. fl PPRI22482 s A.fumigatus M 5sectFumig avus PPR ect F lavi s PPRI852 Fumigati A.flav I8551sectF A. fumigatu 15C1sect ati usPPRI18 lavi s CMV0 ect Fumig A. flavus CMV015712 sect Flavi A. fumigatu sPPRI8523 s Fumigati A.flavus P C7 sec gatu sect gati A PRI20581 tFlavi A. fumi sPPRI8560 ctFumi .flavus C sect A. fumigatu 006 se gati A. flavus MV015C Flavi HE615091 HE615097 HE615122 ect Fumi PPRI 9 sect fumigatus PPRI26V015D8 s Fumigati A. flavu 26032 Flavi A. atus CM sect A.fl sPPRI sect F l A. insuetus igati a CCF4186 8558 m avu 26036se vi A. fumig s PPRI 94 s ectFu rsi A. s PPRI18 ct Flavi A. f umigatu PRI73 ect Spa flavus CMV015C144 se 90/* tus P Ts Usti A. fl ctFl .fumiga 39.61 T sect avusC 6 avi A CBS1 123904 ectusti A. flavu BS110.5 sect Fla A. sparsus s CBS 34 s sti A.fl s CBS574.655 sec vi doustu sMRC12 ctu avusMRC1 tFlavi pseu oustu 1233 se ct Usti A. flavus MRC373 sec A. pseud MRC 80 se A. 317 sec t Flavi A. doustus 1143 ct Usti flavus t Fla A. pseu usCBS 01Tse A. flav MRC 2 sec vi lidoust S1216 ect Usti A. us PPRI1871745 t Flav A. ca tus CB Usti flavu sect i idous 8secttUsti A. oryzas PP 11 Flavi A. cal stus PPRI1535311322 s sec i A e RI1871 sect calidou s CBS 76 t Ust . flav CBS102.03 sec Flavi A. PPRI89 4 sec i 2 A. flavuus PPR t Flavi calidoustu s t Ust A s I260 7T sec A. flectu s PPRI9407 sec t Usti . flavu PPRI2 01 t Flavi 8 sec Usti A. o s C 600 sect A. pseudode s PPRI517 sect A ryza BS56 3secFlavi pseudodeflectu PPRI9164T t Usti . flav e NRR 9.65 t F A. ctus t456 sec Usti A. fla us N L45 T se lavi pseudodeflectudefle sect A vu RRL3 8 sec ctFl A. udo BAFCculPPRI51771 t Usti . flav s PPR 75 t Fla avi pse ns s sec A. us I26 1 se vi A. fuscica PPRI897203 t Ustii A flavu PPRI2 48 ct F A. s sec t Ust . fla s P 6 6 se lavi seudodeflectu s PPRI9 278 sec A. vus PRI 044 ct Flav MK451429 A. p NRRL T t Usti A flav CB 260 sec i pseudodeflectu s 9 sec Usti . flavuus PPRIS118.602 s t Fla A. ctu 88 t A. ect vi A. insuetus PPRI3456 efle sec flavu s 2 Flavi . pseudodeflectu CBS756.74RI15 1T ct Ustiti A PPR 260 sec A PP se Us . flav s PPRI79I18 07 t F . pseudoddeflectusrros 14245 T t A. u 71 sec lavi A udo CBS 894 6 sec t Usti A flav s PP 4 s t Fla pse A.sigus 123 sec Usti . fl us R 77 ect vi A. inan T t A.flavu PPRI2I260 sec Fla nsisCBSs IBT1861 7 sec t Usti A avuss PPRI 04 t Flavi vi S140842 Usti . flavu 599 sec A. contam CB 6sect A. PP 327 2 sec t Fl carlsbade r MRC559 sec t Usti A. fla s P RI23384 t avi A. . carlsbadensiaspe s sec Usti flavuvus PRI1 sec Flavi A A. PPRI345 A. PP 314 9 t Flavi . insuetu CCF4186 ect Usti A flavuss CBSRI sec A uetustus 7ssect Usti . fla 1871 1 sec tF A. ins TO178C4T t A. v C 11763 5 t lavi sD 119.2 sec t Usti A flav us BS501.6 sec Fl A. insueetu CBS T . flavuu PPR 8 t avi u S107.25 sec t Usti A s MRC2526I se Flavi CB T sec Usti . flav s 26 5 ct A. insinsuetuss 6 t A. u MRC 34 sect Flavi A. CBS132737 sec t Usti A flavu s 7 sec Fl s 4266 2 .m MR 13 sec avi . insuetuide i CBS209.92 t Usti A. minisclerotiin s PPRIC6 66 tFl A CBS1 sec t Usti A iscl 9 sec t F av eveio CCF415487TT sec . m ero 2 79 t lavi i . k A.kevei s L62 sec t Usti A. iniscler ti 602 sec Fl A R 7 sec A minis gen 2 t av NR 4 . a g e sec Flavi i calidokeveiis O179B A. fla cler o ene s CBS1t A. . thesauricuCBS123887 t Nidulantes A afl to tigene s Flavi A s DT O179B Nidulantes . a ato xif otig IBT MK951930 A o DT antes . fla x rma e s 32 1763 thesauricu s Tsecsect t Nidulantes A afl toxiformanifor ne CBS A. T idul . pipericolatoxif ma ns s NRRL64411 3 A. insuetus A 1sec MRC5597 5 sec N es . I 117635 sec A. germanicu. germanicus T lantes A cere o ns BT3207 t A sect t Nidulantes A . c rman C t Fl Flav . germanicus CBS754.74 sec Nidu . er a a s BS T a i A CBS465.6 T Nidulant A ce eal lis CBS143680s CBS13326CB 14 9 4 sec vi s sect t A . austwirea i CBS14367 S1 3 sec sec t pureueu CBS505.65 Nidulantes . s IBT 21 679 t t Fl pur s t Nidulantesntess A au lis . T F Flavi avi . CBS140629T Tsecsec t A . p st C 32 62 se lav A s T . a wickick B 07 sec c i . varian s CBS497.65 1 sec t Nidulantesntes A parasiticuras ii S1 6 Ts 5 t F A T t Nidula A . parasitici CB 4 0secsec e se tFl la 99/* ti i 36 vi 82/.99 0sec Nidulante . c C S1 ct c a . aurantiobrunn s CBS134374TCBS190.65110.5 sec t A. p u B 7 tF t Fl Fla t vi A unceu 7 Nidula A ara s S 354 4T a Fl viridicatenatu us CBS sec t . pa s PPR14 seclavi vi vi avi . . spel s 5 t Nidulantesantes A parasitirassit u PPRI51836706 A A NRRL58999 57 sec Nidulantes A . icu s I95 sec t r PPRI26355 T sec t . parasiticuiticuss PPRI2885 s 7 Flavi askiburgiensiaureolat s T Nidul A parasiticu PP 11 Tsect . A. NRRL5874 sec Nidulantes A . c s F A s T t . parasiticu u PPRI797R 3 e lavi asperescen sect Nidulantes A parasitic s I2302 secct t us PPRI 1 sec t A .soja s PPR F Fla A. protuberu CBS602.74sHKU49 t Nidulantes . PPRI953 t la vi . subversicoloA. s Nidulantes A. parasiticu s I 1 ec Flavivi A protuberurotuber NRRL233 Tsecsec t Nidulantes A soja e s PPRI375953 8 sectFlavi . eru s T t . CBS100928u PPRI1 sec A A.p PPRI2602 sec Nidulantes A para s 2 t s NRRL530 7 sec t A . parasiticue NRRL198 PPRI1464 s t F protub s t Nidulantes es A . 4 ec F la . 0 sec Nidulantes p siticu s 4634 sec tFlavilavi v A hongkongensi T t A . parasiticuarasiticus PPRI951 sec i . 560 sec t Nidulantes A . t Flavi EU076355 EU076372 EU076367 A amoenu s CBS138191NRRL4838 T sec Nidulantes parasiticu s 6 . amoenuu t A. . transmontanensi T sec t austroafricanuA . s T sec Nidulant A s PPRI2604 sec2 Flavi . A s PPRI2604 t transmontanensi D 8sec sec t A. insuetus T .tr CBS119.27 A NRRL3 t Nidulantes A T 3 Flavi s 1secsec Nidulantes A . ansmontanensis CBS100926O203C sect Flavit amoenu CBS122718 8 t Nidulantes A . transmontanensis D t Flavi . s sec t . transmontanensi T Flavi A . amoenu CBS142028 T sec Nidulantes A. spno NRRL643O 6 t Flavi A i CBS583.65 A 301E amoenu r NRRL239 8 sec Nidulantes . arachidicol 4 sec . griseoaurantiac. s 9 t Nidulantes A arachidicol sec A A pepi PPRI1324 sect t A novoparasiticus. v tFlavi i NRRL476 2 sec Nidulantesantes . s 6 T . tabacinuA. i t Nidulantes A novoparasiticutransmontanensi t A fructu 0 t A . s MUM10.203 sec sec F . 7sec A. . sergi MUM10.22 lavi versicoloA CBS593.65PPRI1266 sec lantes sergi s sec t t . sydowi i i sec Nidul A s MUM10.21 FlaviFlavi A . CMV015B Nidulantes A . parasiticu a t A . sydowi i PPRI654 sect Nidulantes krugeri i a CBS s MUM10.222 sect Flavi A i T sect Nidu A . i C CBS130015 sydowi i PPRI381 t Nidulantes A . motta MUM10.20BS130017 CBS . sydowi sect t Nidulantes A . subflavu 1 5 A PPRI3839 T sec t Nidulantes A . subflavu 17610 1 sec A. sydowi i PPRI1306i A . tamari 1 . sec t Nidulantes e CBS130016PPRI898s s CBS12685176 1 sec A . sydowisydowi CMV008E1 sec t A . tamari CBS126849 s sec t A . i 0T Nidulantes A . tamarii PPRI928 PPRI1427 t Flavi t Nidulantes tamari 1 T A sydowi 9sec t A .tamarii s CBS143683 1 tFlaviFlavi . sydowi NRRL13147 Nidulantes A . iCBS13309s 8 T secsec T A . s NRRL227 4 sec t Nidulantes A . tamari i sec sec T A NRRL13150Ti PPRI2806 t PPRI281S843b sec Fla sydowi s i 8 secsec Nidulantes A . tamarii 6 t t . T Nidulantes A . caelatu i PPRI2600 t 0 FlaviFlavi t A ni NRRL225 sec t Nidulantes A . pseudocaelatu PPRI739 sec 0 t Flavi sec 5seFlavivi Tsec A. . pseudotamari secFlavi NRRL5860PPRI632 7 sect t Nidulantes i PPRI2602 T T i i t Nidulantes A pseudotamari CBS104.13 t jense 5 sec A . nomius sec sec Flavi sec t c . venenatu . iPPRI538 9 sec t A . nomiu PPRI2601 tFlavi Flavi t Flavi cvjetkovici sec t NidulantesNidulantes A . nomiu s 2sect7 T EF652457 EF652281 EF652369 EF652193 A t A PPRI1323 0 t A t t jensenii i 1 sec Nidulantes . nomiu CBS763.97 sec Flavisec Flavi 91/.99 A. A 8 Flavi tennesseensijenseni. sec t Nidulantes . nomiu 2 A jenseni NRRL35641 8 t A . nomiu sec A. insuetus PPRI373 CBS107.25 . . sec A . sect t A A. jenseni r T t NidulantesNidulantes A nomius s CBS260.88 3 Flavi t A . s NRRL58592 T sec t . pseudonomius s Flavi Flavi r sec Nidulantes A . PPRI375 sect t A jenseni NRRL5867PPRI386 t Nidulantes A pseudonomius s CBS399.9 s 0secT . r r PPRI990 A . pseudonomiu s i FlaviFlavi sec A . pseudonomiu D i NRRL44CBS sec A crebe r PPRI508 Tsec t NidulantesNidulantes . luteovirescen s D sec t A coremiiformi. T CBS766.97 Flavi crebe r 8 Nidulantes A bertholletiu D TO227BO226I T A. PPRI1316 5 t A . D t . A . coremiiformi T t crebecrebe r sec t NidulantesNidulantes . 1 sec FlaviFlavi A . Tsect sec A togoensi T O243E 17616 . crebe T A . vandermerwe O161F 3 puulaauensi A A crebe CBS134396 0 Nidulantes A. . vandermerwe T . A. CBS140627 sec t A vandermerwe. vandermerwe sec 3sect . IBT33104T 8 sec t NidulantesNidulantes A 5 3 sec Flavi A A T A . vandermerwe crebe s sect Nidulantes A . sec sec . sec Nidulantes A. . vandermerwe 8 t CBS133.54 A alliaceu. vandermerwe CBS1 T A T sec t Nidulantes lanosu s 8 sec Flavit T NBRC3302 Nidulantes A. IBT29228s PPRI506 1 t sec CBS10270 T A . s s sec t t Flavi s 9 sect Nidulantes A alliaceu s IBT12657 sec Flavi 5 sect A . alliaceu NRRL655 sec FlaviFlavi . croceusunguis CBS132.55Ts PPRI384 Nidulantes A . alliaceu CBS272.89s CBS620.95 t CBS100523 T sect t Nidulantes A . neoalliaceu s t A PPRI554 t Nidulantes A . neoalliaceu NRRL1375 t Flavi t CBS143587s Tsec A. lepori. magaliesburgensis 19388 Flavi A. s A CBS553.77 t Flavi israelensis T sect Nidulantes Nidulantes A. . lepori Flavi s t Nidulantes A s Flavi Tsect sec t Nidulantes A. . aspearensi i A aspearensi A. mulundensi Nidulantes A . han s CBS650.74 i CBS12670 CBS140607 A avenaceu CBS314.89T sect T A . PPRI682s i NRRL123 3 . .multicolor t A . avenaceu Tsec A . ochraceu s CBS14368 i IBT2049 CBS428.93 t Nidulantes A. ochraceu s T A A s Tsect Nidulantes A . ochraceu CBS12920i sec PPRI316 t Nidulantes A . CBS151.66s CBS612.78 sec CBS653.73 sect Nidulantes A . ochraceu CBS536.65 i T CBS12625 Tsec t A ochraceu cocki s 2 Nidulantes A ostianu. ochraceu CBS5 sec Tsec A i t Nidulantes A. . ochraceu CBS13217 sec A pallidofulvu. ostianus s A pallidofulvu. sec . tumidu A pallidofulvu. CBS12591 CCF568 sec pluriseminatu m A pallidofulvu R t 8 sect Nidulantes t A. pallidofulvu. T Nidulantes A t A pluriseminatu CBS496.65 A. sesamicola. t Nidulantes A . T A . s 6 Flavi A A. A A . A A A t A .

700 Nidulantes Circumdati sect CBS138230T subramanianii A. .bridgeri A.

t Circumdati sect CBS550.65T fresenii A. Flavi CBS271.91 0sec Circumdati sect CBS138172T salwaensis A. melleu CBS143681s . . sec sect A s . westerdĳkia . T westerdĳkia t Nidulantes . CBS13437 t Flavi CBS486.65 sect . westerdĳkia sect Flavi . t . . westerdĳkia . A pluriseminatu A 5sec t Nidulantes . westerdĳkiae i westerdĳkia sec afﬁni CBS426.93 Nidulantes cretensi Flavi muricatu t auricomu s Flavi westlandensis 1 sclerotioru 1 sclerotioru sec sclerotiorum FRR3425 persi . s F pseudosclerotioru 7 9 Nidulantes s s s CBS140608T t s s 1.6 6 T t A CBS351.81 Candidi s CBS14367 sec 7sec Candidi NRRL3503s CBS109.46 sec sec Flavi savannensis t Nidulantes tCandidi CBS143672 2sect Flavi KJ775499 MK451284 KJ775270 Nidulantes Candidi s s sec Candidi NRRL41NRRL451 recurvatus s sec t Nidulantes s s sect sec t purpureocrustaceu. CBS138.55 Nidulantes Candidi s CBS108.08 4 botswanensi Tsec sect Nidulantes Nidulantes Candidi 9 T desertoru t NRRL522s 1 sec s s . . stercorarius . T t Nidulantes Candidi PPRI681 T Flavi purpureocrustaceusA s CBS140626 t CBS103.07 CBS . . recurvatu CBM T sect Nidulantes t 1 t CBS952.97 i sect Flavi sect t Candidi PPRI2601 t t A . A A CBS198.8 IBT2355 5 PPRI633 sec sec sec A. insuetus t Candidi DTO178C4 sec sec PPRI616 A CBS120.55T 0 sect t Candidi CBS129190 CBS546.65 4 T Flavi A sec CBS sec t Flavi Flavi A. recurvatu s T sect Nidulantes sect sec A s 1340 sect Candidi IBT1226 T sect s Flavi . sec s sCBS Flavi s IFM55265 1 117.50 sec sec s sec sect falconensis 4 sect s 9 s B308Tsc Circumdati sect CBS350.81T s Flavi tFlavi A CBS 5 t t Tsect s fruticulosu CBS133.60TCBS130.48 sec sec CBS112802 1 T MRC3329 sec CMV012D2 t latilabiatu 1sec CBS137324 t 3 sect Candidi e NRRL474 Flavi Flavi 5sec CBS e CBS640.78 18.3 m e . m A. Tsec e T sec Flavi s 1 . CBS467.65 Flavi s PPRI506e 9 sec t A 3 sect Candidi CBS CBS 12795 CBS 3 A CBS CBS 7 Flavi Flavi violaceus PPRI870 sec NRRL517 sec CBS549.65 NRRL3502 6 PPRI835 T navahoensi 1 s 18.5 112790 5 sec T sec t . 14.2 5 2 5 T tFlavi 5 CBS137321 1 sec A. 3 sec Flavi jaipurensi CBS279.81 sec sec A CBS240.9 12808 T sec t s CBS191.77 1 sec sec sec sec t . omanensi. rugulosus i MRC418 1 1 sec Flavit Flavi i MRC3080 12803 T Circumdatit sulphureoviridi s CBS589.65 s 1280 sec A . CBS492.65 1279 aurantiopurpureu A m T T t CBS591.65 CBS467.88 t . rugulosu 6 Flavi . rugulosu t t spinulosporus pachycristatusA CBS1 CCF4654 sect sec Circumdati s 8 Circumdatit t Flavi t CBS937.7 CCF4651T t t s CBS225.80 sect sec sec Flavi A . . Circumdati t A . UTHSCSADI1 sec Flavi . rugulosus CBS200.75 Circumdati CircumdatiCircumdati . pachycristatuA. s T Circumdatit s tritic 0 T sec sec A A striatus CBS283.67T sect Nidulantes s T sec Circumdati A. pachycristatusA A. rugulosusrugulosus s CBS125.5 . tritic 1sec CBS566.65 7 Tsec T A 5 A 4 t 1 . s NRRL58579 sect Candidi sec . rugulosu A sec t Tsec sec t sec s nidulans PPRI2093 sect Circumdati t A. 4 A. sec sec A nidulan A. tritici CCF164 T sec A nidulan Circumdati sec Circumdati t t tCircumdati . tritici CBS266.81T Circumdati foveolatus A. latu sec Circumdati Circumdati sec A t . corrugatu t T t A. A. t t t t Circumdati t A. Circumdati t A t Circumdati A. Circumdati Circumdati Circumdati Circumdati sec t Circumdati Circumdati Circumdati

t Circumdati

Circumdati

Circumdati quadrilineatus CBS853.96 T A. pragensis t quadrilineatus CBS11368 dobrogensi quadrilineatus PPRI26342 A. pragensis CCF3962T sect Candidi . quadrilineatus quadrilineatu A. candidu subalbidus CBS138194 Circumdati A. quadrilineatu . quadrilineatu A. campestris CBS348.81 A. candidu . A. coprophilus CBS142984 5 A. quadrilineatu A. coprophilus CBS142985 sect Candidi A. dobrogensis A. A . A. A. canariensis PPRI6060 . subalbidus CBS567.65T sect Candidi A . canariensis CBS14298 A A. A 13

A A. canariensis CBS142982 sect Candidi A. A

A. taichungensis IBT19404T sec A. verruculosus CBS142667 sect Candidi T KT698840 KT698838 KT698839 KT698842 sect A. asper CBS140842

Circumdati

A. pseudodeﬂectus PPRI8971 MK450642 MK451064 MK451498

A. pseudodeﬂectus PPRI8976 MK451499

A. pseudodeﬂectus PPRI9168 MK451502

A. pseudodeﬂectus PPRI9404 MK451501

A. pseudodeﬂectus PPRI5177b MK451504 T A. fuscicans BAFCcult4564 KY853416 KY853415 81/- T A. pseudodeﬂectus CBS756.74 EF652507 EF652331 EF652419 EF652243

A. pseudodeﬂectus NRRL278 EF652456 EF652280 EF652368 EF652192

A. pseudodeﬂectus PPRI5177a MK450644 MK451096 MK451503 99/* 89/* A. pseudodeﬂectus PPRI9203 MK450643 MK451065 MK451500 x2 A. calidoustus PPRI15353 MK451329

A. calidoustus CBS114380 EF591741 EF591729 EF591716 91/.97 T A. calidoustus CBS121601 HE616558 FJ624456 HE616559

A. calidoustus CBS113228 EF591739 EF591730 EF591715 T */* A. carlsbadensis CBS123894 FJ531151 FJ531179 FJ531126 KU866973 x4 82/- A. carlsbadensis IBT18616 FJ531148 FJ531169 FJ531124 96/* T A. contaminans CBS142451 LT594451 LT594443 LT594425 LT594434 T A. sigurros PPRI15889 MK450650 MK451066 MK451512 MK450803

A. pseudoustus MRC1234 MK951921

99/* A. pseudoustus MRC1233 MK951922 x2 T A. pseudoustus CBS123904 FJ531147 FJ531168 FJ531129 KU866978 T A. nidulans CBS589.65 EF652427 EF652251 EF652339 EF652163 x4 0.04

Fig. 7. Multigene phylogeny of Aspergillus sect Usti based on a combined ITS, BenA, CaM and RPB2 dataset. Strains from new species are shown in orange text, strains identiﬁed during this study in black text and reference strains in grey text. GenBank accession numbers for ITS (green), BenA (blue), CaM (maroon) and RPB2 (purple) are given behind strain numbers. Branch support in nodes higher than 80 % bs and/or 0.95 pp are indicated above thickened branches (T = ex-type; * = 100 % bs or 1.00 pp; - = support lower than 80 % bs and/or 0.95 pp). brunneoviolaceus, A. japonicus, A. neoniger, A. niger, A. piperis, Etymology: Latin, elsenburgensis, named after Elsenburg, the A. tubingensis and A. welwitschiae. town the ex-type was collected from. Classiﬁcation: Eurotiomycetes, Eurotiales, Aspergillaceae, Morphology Aspergillus section Fumigati.

We introduce seven new species in the Taxonomy section below. Diagnosis: Colonies showing faster growth at 37 °C than at ﬂ These species belong to sections Clavati, Flavi, Fumigati, 25 °C, white and occose, ascomata produced in aerial hyphae Nidulantes, Terrei and Usti based on the phylogenetic analyses. after prolonged incubation, white to cream colored, sporulation – μ Strains conformed to the general morphological characters very sparse, conidiophores with short stipes (10 70 m) and – μ previously observed for species accepted in these sections. All of small globose conidia (1.5 2 m). the new species were compared with respective close relatives, Typus: South Africa, Western Cape, Elsenburg, soil, June 1986, with notes provided on distinguishing characters after each (holotype PREM 62313, culture ex-type PPRI 2994 = CMV species description in the Taxonomy section. 011G4 = CSIR1013). ITS Barcode: MK450651 (alternative identiﬁcation markers: BenA = MK451215; CaM = MK451513; RPB2 = MK450804). TAXONOMY Colony diam (7 d, in mm):CYA35–40; CYA 30 °C 50–53; CYA 37 °C 50–60; CYAS 8–12; MEAbl 55–60; MEA 40–45; DG18 Aspergillus elsenburgensis Visagie, S.M. Romero & – – – – Houbraken, sp. nov. MycoBank MB834199. Fig. 14. 20 25; YES 45 50; OA 45 50; CREA 35 36.

www.studiesinmycology.org 275 VISAGIE,HOUBRAKEN

T A. elsenburgensis PPRI2994 */- A. elsenburgensis DTO015G7 96/* A. elsenburgensis DTO015G7 */* A. elsenburgensis DTO380H5 A. elsenburgensis DTO381D8 A. elsenburgensis PPRI2994T A. australensis CBS112.55T A. australensis CBS112.55T A. papuensis CBS841.96T A. hiratsukae CCF4102 A. solicola NRRL35723T */* A. spathulatus NRRL20549T A. conversis CBS135457T A. spathulatus NRRL20550 T */* A. thermomutatus NRRL1283 93/.99 A. brevistipitatus CBS135454 A. neoglaber NRRL183 A. thermomutatus CBS208.92T A. neoglaber NRRL3434 93/- A. neoglaber NRRL183 A. neoglaber CBS111.55T 99/.99 A. neoglaber NRRL3434 T A. hiratsukae CCF4102 A. neoglaber CBS111.55 A. solicola NRRL35723T ITS 98/* A. thermomutatus NRRL1283 T x4 A. thermomutatus CBS208.92T A. conversis CBS135457 T T A. brevistipitatus CBS135454 */.98 A. spathulatus NRRL20549 T A. spathulatus NRRL20550 A. papuensis CBS841.96 A. pernambucoensis IFM61342T A. auratus CBS466.65T */* */* A. pernambucoensis IFM61343 A. auratus NRRL4379 BenA A. galapagensis CBS117522T A. stramenius CBS498.65T x4 A. shendaweii IFM57610 A. clavatus CBS513.65T */* 0.007 A. shendaweii IFM57611T */* A. auratus CBS466.65T A. neoglaber NRRL183 */* A. auratus NRRL4379 */.97 A. neoglaber CBS111.55T A. stramenius CBS498.65T A. neoglaber NRRL3434 A. clavatus CBS513.65T 0.04 */* A. shendaweii IFM57610 A. shendaweii IFM57611T */* A. thermomutatus NRRL1283 A. thermomutatus CBS208.92T A. hiratsukae CCF4102 T */* A. spathulatus NRRL20549 A. spathulatus NRRL20550 T */* A. pernambucoensis IFM61342 A. pernambucoensis IFM61343 A. neoglaber NRRL183 T */.96 A. conversis CBS135457 */* A. neoglaber NRRL3434 A. brevistipitatus CBS135454T A. neoglaber CBS111.55T T A. papuensis CBS841.96 */* A. auratus CBS466.65T A. solicola NRRL35723T */* A. auratus NRRL4379 T A. australensis CBS112.55T -/.96 A. stramenius CBS498.65 T A. galapagensis CBS117522T A. elsenburgensis PPRI2994 A. elsenburgensis PPRI2994T A. australensis CBS112.55T A. elsenburgensis DTO381D8 A. hiratsukae CCF4102 T A. elsenburgensis DTO381D3 */* A. conversis CBS135457 A. brevistipitatus CBS135454T */* A. elsenburgensis DTO015G7 RPB2 */* A. spathulatus NRRL20549T CaM A. elsenburgensis DTO380H5 x4 x4 A. spathulatus NRRL20550 A. stramenius CBS498.65T 97/* A. thermomutatus NRRL1283 T A. auratus CBS466.65 A. thermomutatus CBS208.92T A. auratus NRRL4379 A. clavatus CBS513.65T A. clavatus CBS513.65T x4 0.04 x2 0.03

Fig. 8. Single gene phylogenies of Aspergillus sect Fumigati based on ITS, BenA, CaM and RPB2. Strains from new species are shown in orange text and reference strains in grey text. Branch support in nodes higher than 80 % bs and/or 0.95 pp are indicated above thickened branches (T = ex-type; * = 100 % bs or 1.00 pp; - = support lower than 80 % bs and/or 0.95 pp).

Colony characters (25 °C, 7 d): CYA colonies surface floccose, Ascospores smooth, with 2 prominent equatorial furrow, globose mycelial areas white, ascomata present after prolonged incu- to subglobose from the top, 4–5 × 3.5–5 μm (4.5 ± 0.2 × 4.2 ± 0.3, bation, produced in aerial hyphae, sparse sporulation present n = 43) μm, length/width 1.08 ± 0.07. after >2 wk incubation, greenish, soluble pigment absent, Notes: The multigene phylogeny resolves A. elsenburgensis as a exudate clear, reverse pigmentation yellowish white to pale close relative of A. australensis and A. galapagensis in section yellow (3A2–3A3). MEAbl colonies surface floccose, mycelial Fumigati (Figs 4, 8). The new species grows faster on MEAbl areas white, ascomata present after prolonged incubation, pro- and have somewhat longer stipes than A. australensis (55–60 vs duced in aerial hyphae, sporulation absent, sparse sporulation 40–45 mm; up to 70 μm vs up to 30 μm(Samson et al. 2007)). present after >2 wk incubation, greenish, soluble pigment absent, Compared to A. galapagensis, A. elsenburgensis shows slightly exudate clear, reverse pigmentation yellowish white to pale faster growth on most media, while it also produces smaller yellow (3A2–3A3). YES colonies surface floccose, mycelial conidia (1.5–2 vs 2.5–3 μm(Samson et al. 2007)). areas white, sporulation absent, soluble pigment absent, exudate clear, reverse pigmentation yellowish white to pale yellow Aspergillus heldtiae Visagie, sp. nov. MycoBank (3A2–3A3). DG18 colonies surface floccose, mycelial areas MB834200. Fig. 15. white, sporulation sparse, white but becomes greenish with age, soluble pigment absent, exudate clear, reverse pigmentation Etymology: Latin, heltdiae, named after Margaret Vinci Heldt, the yellowish white to pale yellow (3A2–3A3). CREA colonies weak creator of the beehive hairstyle that was popular during the ’ growth, acid not produced. 1960s and famously Marge Simpson s choice of hairstyle. This species resembles the beehive when observed through a Micromorphology: Conidial heads radiate. Conidiophores uni- dissection microscope. seriate. Stipes hyaline, smooth, 10–70 × 2.5–4(–4.5) μm. Vesi- fi cles subclavate, phialides cover 50 % of head, 5–8 μm wide. Classi cation: Eurotiomycetes, Eurotiales, Aspergillaceae, Phialides ampulliform, 4.5–6×2–3 μm. Conidia globose, smooth, Aspergillus section Terrei. 1.5–2.5 × 1.5–2.5 μm, (2.06 ± 0.15 × 2 ± 0.16, n = 56) μm, length/ Diagnosis: Colonies showing rapid growth, bright yellow mycelial width 1.03 ± 0.05. Ascomata neosartorya-like, white to cream, areas, cinnamon sporulation, conidiophores biseriate, vesicle abundant on OA, 70–270 μm. Asci 8-spored, 9–15 μm.

276 ASPERGILLUS IN SOUTH AFRICA

A. niveus CBS115.27T A. niveus CBS115.27T A. niveus NRRL1955 */.96 A. niveus NRRL4751 A. niveus NRRL4751 -/.96 A. niveus NRRL515 A. niveus NRRL515 */.98 A. niveus CBS471.91 -/.98 A. carneus CBS111.49 A. niveus NRRL1955 A. carneus CBS494.65T A. carneus CBS111.49 88/.98 A. carneus NRRL298 98/.98 A. carneus NRRL298 A. carneus NRRL1928 99/* A. carneus NRRL1928 T A. allahabadii CBS164.63 91/.98 A. carneus CBS494.65T A. allahabadii NRRL4101 A. carneus PPRI13094 T 85/.99 A. neoindicus CBS444.75 A. allahabadii CBS164.63T A. cf allahabadii CBS142986 A. cf allahabadii PPRI7534 A. cf allahabadii CBS142987 89/* 97/* A. cf allahabadii PPRI8987 A. cf allahabadii PPRI8987 A. cf allahabadii PPRI8751 83/- A. cf allahabadii PPRI8751 A. allahabadii NRRL4101 A. iranicus CBS139561T 98/* A. cf allahabadii PPRI5574 A. iranicus CBS139560 97/* A. cf allahabadii CBS142987 87/.99 A. aureoterreus CBS265.81 98/* T A. cf allahabadii CBS142986 A. aureoterreus CBS503.65 99/* T A. cf allahabadii PPRI9194 A. citrinoterreus CBS138921 T A. terreus CBS601.65T */* A. iranicus CBS139561 ITS A. hortai CBS124230T A. iranicus CBS139560 T x4 A. neoafricanus CBS130.55T A. neoindicus CBS444.75 88/* A. alabamensis CBS125693T 97/* A. ‘species CBS142751’ PPRI9903 A. species CBS142751 A. ‘species CBS142751’ PPRI9903 85/* BenA A. terreus CBS601.65T 94/.99 A. species CBS142751 T x4 A. citrinoterreus CBS138921T A. pseudoterreus CBS123890 98/.99 A. heldtiae PPRI4229T A. hortai CBS124230T T 98/* A. floccosus CBS116.37T A. neoafricanus CBS130.55 A. floccosus IBT22556 A. pseudoterreus CBS123890T A. iizukae CBS541.69T 84/.98 A. heldtiae PPRI4229T 0.02 A. alabamensis CBS125693T T A. niveus CBS115.27 T */* A. floccosus CBS116.37 93/- A. niveus NRRL4751 A. floccosus IBT22556 A. niveus NRRL515 T 94/- A. aureoterreus CBS503.65 86/.98 A. niveus NRRL1955 */* A. aureoterreus PPRI13096 A. niveus CBS471.91 A. aureoterreus CBS265.81 A. carneus NRRL1928 A. iizukae CBS541.69T 99/* A. carneus CBS111.49 0.06 A. carneus CBS494.65T 92/- A. niveus CBS115.27T A. carneus NRRL298 90/* A. niveus NRRL515 A. carneus PPRI13094 A. niveus NRRL4751 A. cf allahabadii PPRI8987 89/.99 A. carneus NRRL1928 A. cf allahabadii PPRI8751 99/* A. niveus NRRL1955 A. cf allahabadii PPRI7534 97/.97 88/* A. carneus CBS494.65T */* A. cf allahabadii CBS142987 A. carneus NRRL298 84/- A. cf allahabadii CBS142986 A. carneus PPRI13094 */* 82/.98 A. cf allahabadii PPRI9194 A. cf allahabadii PPRI7534 A. allahabadii NRRL4101 98/* A. cf allahabadii PPRI8987 A. cf allahabadii PPRI5574 -/.98 A. cf allahabadii PPRI8751 T A. allahabadii CBS164.63 A. cf allahabadii PPRI9194 T A. neoafricanus CBS130.55 */* A. cf allahabadii CBS142987 T 98/* A. terreus CBS601.65 A. cf allahabadii CBS142986 */* A. ‘species CBS142751’ PPRI9903 89/* */* A. allahabadii NRRL4101 A. species CBS142751 */* 86/- A. cf allahabadii PPRI5574 CaM T 83/.99 A. citrinoterreus CBS138921 A. allahabadii CBS164.63T x4 T */* 82/* A. hortai CBS124230 */* A. iranicus CBS139561T 98/* A. pseudoterreus CBS123890T A. iranicus CBS139560 T A. heldtiae PPRI4229 A. neoindicus CBS444.75T 98/* T A. alabamensis CBS125693 */* A. neoafricanus CBS130.55T */* A. floccosus IBT22556 96/* A. terreus CBS601.65T 89/- A. floccosus CBS116.37T 99/* A. species CBS142751 96/* T A. aureoterreus CBS265.81 99/* -/* A. pseudoterreus CBS123890 99/* A. aureoterreus PPRI13096 A. heldtiae PPRI4229T A. aureoterreus CBS503.65T A. alabamensis CBS125693T */* A. iranicus CBS139561T RPB2 A. floccosus IBT22556 A. iranicus CBS139560 x4 A. aureoterreus PPRI13096 A. neoindicus CBS444.75T A. aureoterreus CBS503.65T A. iizukae CBS541.69T A. iizukae CBS541.69T 0.05 x4 0.03

Fig. 9. Single gene phylogenies of Aspergillus sect Terrei based on ITS, BenA, CaM and RPB2. Strains from new species are shown in orange text, strains identiﬁed during this study in black text and reference strains in grey text. Branch support in nodes higher than 80 % bs and/or 0.95 pp are indicated above thickened branches (T = ex-type; * = 100 % bs or 1.00 pp; - = support lower than 80 % bs and/or 0.95 pp).

17–28 μm, stipes hyaline with a small proportion darkened, absent, reverse pigmentation olive brown (4B8), light yellow conidia smooth, globose to subglobose, 2–2.5 μm. (3A5). YES colonies surface floccose, mycelial areas greenish yellow (1A8), sporulation sparse, cinnamon colored, soluble Typus: South Africa, unknown, Millet seed, June 1991, (holo- pigment absent, exudate absent, reverse pigmentation olive type PREM 50864, culture ex-type PPRI 4229 = CMV 004A2). brown (4B8), light yellow (3A5). DG18 colonies surface floccose, ITS Barcode: MK450656 (alternative identification markers: mycelial areas greenish yellow (1A8), sporulation sparse, cin- BenA = MK450981; CaM = MK451518; RPB2 = MK450809). namon colored, soluble pigment absent, exudate absent, reverse pigmentation olive brown (4B8), light yellow (3A5). CREA col- Colony diam (7 d, in mm):CYA54–58; CYA 30 °C 53–56; CYA onies strong growth, weak acid production. 37 °C 60–65; CYAS 50–55; MEAbl 55–60; MEA 36–38; DG18 55–65; YES > 70; OA 33–35; CREA 30–32. Micromorphology: Conidial heads columnar. Conidiophores biseriate. Stipes hyaline, small proportion darkened, smooth, Colony characters (25 °C, 7 d): CYA colonies surface floccose, 140–330 × 5–8 μm. Vesicles globose, metulae cover 100 % of mycelial areas greenish yellow (1A8), sporulation sparse, cin- head, 17–28 μm wide. Metulae 6.5–8.5 × 3–4 μm. Phialides namon colored, soluble pigment absent, exudate absent, reverse ampulliform, 5.5–7.5 × 2–2.5 μm. Conidia globose to sub- pigmentation olive brown (4B8), light yellow (3A5). MEAbl col- globose, smooth, 2–2.5 × 2–2.5 μm, (2.4 ± 0.1 × 2.1 ± 0.1, onies surface floccose, mycelial areas yellow (2A7), sporulation n = 52) μm, length/width 1.15 ± 0.07. Ascomata not observed. sparse, cinnamon colored, soluble pigment absent, exudate

www.studiesinmycology.org 277 VISAGIE,HOUBRAKEN

A. pipericola CBS143680T A. transmontanensis MUM10.222 A. austwickii CBS143677T A. transmontanensis MUM10.221 T A. transmontanensis MUM10.211 A. cerealis CBS143674 99/* 99/- A. aflatoxiformans CBS143679T A. transmontanensis CBS130015T T 87/* A. flavus CBS569.65 A. transmontanensis MUM10.205 A. oryzae CBS102.07T A. transmontanensis PPRI14275 A. minisclerotigenes CBS117635T 98/* A. arachidicola CBS117610T A. mottae CBS130016T A. arachidicola CBS117611 A. novoparasiticus CBS126849T A. sojae NRRL1988 A. krugeri PPRI9280 91/* A. parasiticus DTO203C4 T A. krugeri PPRI8986T A. sojae CBS100928 95/- T A. novoparasiticus CBS126850 82/- A. novoparasiticus CBS126849 88/- A. subflavus S843b A. parasiticus NRRL6433 A. subflavus CBS143683T A. novoparasiticus CBS126850 T A. parasiticus DTO301E6 A. sergii CBS130017 T A. sergii MUM10.208 A. parasiticus CBS100926 T -/.98 A. sergii MUM10.208 A. sojae CBS100928 T A. parasiticus CBS100926T A. sergii CBS130017 99/* A. krugeri PPRI9280 A. transmontanensis MUM10.221 T */* A. krugeri PPRI8986 A. transmontanensis PPRI14275 T A. transmontanensis CBS130015T */* A. flavus CBS569.65 A. oryzae CBS102.07T A. sojae NRRL1988 T A. transmontanensis MUM10.205 A. pipericola CBS143680 99/* A. aflatoxiformans CBS143679T A. transmontanensis MUM10.211 89/* T A. transmontanensis MUM10.222 A. cerealis CBS143674 A. austwickii CBS143677T A. parasiticus NRRL6433 97/* A. minisclerotigenes CBS117635T 98/* 99/* A. nomius CBS260.88T A. mottae CBS130016T A. pseudonomius CBS119388T */* A. subflavus CBS143683T A. luteovirescens CBS620.95T 93/- T A. subflavus S843b A. tamarii CBS104.13 T T 93/.99 */* A. caelatus CBS763.97 A. caelatus CBS763.97 T -/.99 T A. pseudocaelatus CBS117616 A. pseudocaelatus CBS117616 */* A. tamarii CBS104.13T T x4 A. pseudotamarii CBS766.97 88/- T T A. pseudotamarii CBS766.97 A. arachidicola CBS117610 T T */* A. pseudonomius CBS119388 99/* A. leporis CBS151.66 */* T */* T A. nomius CBS260.88 A. aspearensis CBS143672 T x4 T A. luteovirescens CBS620.95 A. hancockii FRR3425 */.99 T A. vandermerwei NRRL1237 A. alliaceus CBS536.65 96/* A. vandermerwei CBS126709 ITS A. vandermerwei CBS126709 89/* A. vandermerwei IBT20491 A. alliaceus CBS143682 96/* T x4 96/* A. vandermerwei CBS612.78 A. vandermerwei NRRL1237 A. vandermerwei CBS129201 PPRI6165T 94/- A. magaliesburgensis A. vandermerwei CBS132171 A. alliaceus CBS511.69 A. vandermerwei CCF5684 A. neoalliaceus CBS134375 A. neoalliaceus CBS143681T T */* A. neoalliaceus CBS143681 87/.95 A. neoalliaceus CBS134375 A. vandermerwei IBT20491 A. alliaceus CBS511.69 A. vandermerwei CBS612.78T 88/- 99/* A. alliaceus CBS143682 95/.99 T A. vandermerwei CBS129201 BenA 98/* A. alliaceus CBS536.65 A. vandermerwei CCF5684 x8 A. lanosus CBS650.74T A. lanosus CBS650.74T x8 A. magaliesburgensis PPRI6165T A. westerdĳkiae CBS112803T T x2 A. hancockii FRR3425 T 0.03 92/* A. leporis CBS151.66 A. aspearensis CBS143672T A. westerdĳkiae CBS112803T x4 A. sojae NRRL1988 0.08 A. parasiticus CBS100926T A. parasiticus PPRI2885 A. sojae NRRL1988 A. sojae CBS100928T A. parasiticus DTO301E6 A. parasiticus NRRL6433 A. sojae CBS100928T T A. parasiticus DTO203C4 -/.99 A. parasiticus CBS100926 85/- A. parasiticus PPRI14636 A. parasiticus NRRL6433 A. parasiticus PPRI14642 A. parasiticus DTO203C4 A. parasiticus DTO301E6 A. arachidicola CBS117610T T */* 87/* A. novoparasiticus CBS126849 A. arachidicola CBS117611 A. novoparasiticus CBS126850 T T 99/* A. novoparasiticus CBS126849 */* A. sergii CBS130017 A. novoparasiticus CBS126850 A. sergii MUM10.208 80/- T A. transmontanensis MUM10.205 */* A. arachidicola CBS117610 A. transmontanensis CBS130015T 95/* A. arachidicola CBS117611 A. transmontanensis MUM10.205 99/* A. transmontanensis MUM10.211 A. transmontanensis MUM10.211 A. transmontanensis MUM10.221 A. transmontanensis MUM10.221 A. transmontanensis MUM10.222 83/* 99/* A. transmontanensis PPRI14275 A. transmontanensis MUM10.222 PPRI9280 A. transmontanensis CBS130015T A. krugeri PPRI8986T A. transmontanensis PPRI14275 97/* A. krugeri T */* A. krugeri PPRI9280 A. sergii CBS130017 A. krugeri PPRI8986T 98/.99 A. sergii MUM10.208 T */* A. flavus CBS569.65T */* A. flavus CBS569.65 A. oryzae CBS102.07T A. oryzae CBS102.07T 97/* A. aflatoxiformans CBS143679T -/* A. austwickii CBS143677T 98/* A. austwickii CBS143677T */* A. cerealis CBS143674T A. pipericola CBS143680T 97/* A. pipericola CBS143680T 91/* A. minisclerotigenes CBS117635T 96/* T -/.99 */* A. aflatoxiformans CBS143679 A. cerealis CBS143674T A. minisclerotigenes CBS117635T A. mottae CBS130016T A. mottae CBS130016T */* A. subflavus CBS143683T T -/.95 96/* */* A. subflavus CBS143683 A. subflavus S843b A. subflavus S843b T */* A. caelatus CBS763.97 */* T T A. caelatus CBS763.97 A. pseudocaelatus CBS117616 */* T 92/* 98/* T A. pseudocaelatus CBS117616 A. tamarii CBS104.13 99/* T x4 T A. tamarii CBS104.13 A. pseudotamarii CBS766.97 x4 T T A. pseudotamarii CBS766.97 */* A. pseudonomius CBS119388 T T */* A. nomius CBS260.88 A. nomius CBS260.88 99/* T 84/.99 T A. pseudonomius CBS119388 A. luteovirescens CBS620.95 T A. vandermerwei CBS129201 A. luteovirescens CBS620.95 98/- A. vandermerwei CBS132171 */* A. vandermerwei NRRL1237 A. vandermerwei CCF5684 A. vandermerwei CBS126709 A. vandermerwei CBS612.78T */* A. vandermerwei NRRL1237 90/* CaM 94/.99 A. vandermerwei CBS126709 */* A. vandermerwei IBT20491 x4 x8 A. vandermerwei CBS612.78T A. vandermerwei CBS129201 A. vandermerwei IBT20491 A. vandermerwei CBS132171 84/* */* A. neoalliaceus CBS134375 A. vandermerwei CCF5684 A. neoalliaceus CBS143681T 92/.96 A. alliaceus CBS536.65T -/.99 A. alliaceus CBS143682 RPB2 A. alliaceus CBS143682 94/* A. alliaceus PPRI6826 A. alliaceus CBS511.69 97/* x4 82/- 94/* A. alliaceus CBS536.65T */* A. neoalliaceus CBS143681T A. alliaceus CBS511.69 */* A. neoalliaceus CBS134375 A. lanosus CBS650.74T A. magaliesburgensis PPRI6165T A. magaliesburgensis PPRI6165T A. lanosus CBS650.74T T */* A. leporis CBS151.66 99/* A. leporis CBS151.66T */* A. aspearensis CBS143672T A. aspearensis CBS143672T x4 A. hancockii FRR3425T A. westerdĳkiae CBS112803T A. westerdĳkiae CBS112803T x2 0.05 x2 0.06

Fig. 10. Phylogenies of Aspergillus sect Flavi based on ITS, BenA, CaM and RPB2. Strains from new species are shown in orange text, strains identiﬁed during this study in black text and reference strains in grey text. Branch support in nodes higher than 80 % bs and/or 0.95 pp are indicated above thickened branches (T = ex-type; * = 100 % bs or 1.00 pp; - = support lower than 80 % bs and/or 0.95 pp).

278 ASPERGILLUS IN SOUTH AFRICA

A. quadrilineatus CBS591.65T 81/- A. striatus CBS283.67T A. foveolatus CBS279.81T A. nidulans CBS589.65T A. latus CBS492.65T T T A. quadrilineatus CBS591.65 A. rugulosus CBS133.60 T T A. nidulans CBS589.65 A. spinulosporus CBS120.55 A. foveolatus CBS279.81T A. latus CBS492.65T A. striatus CBS283.67T T T A. corrugatus CBS191.77 -/.99 99/* A. pachycristatus IFM55265 T T A. latilabiatus CBS426.93 88/.96 A. rugulosus CBS133.60 T T A. corrugatus CBS191.77 A. fruticulosus CBS486.65 T T 98/* A. spinulosporus CBS120.55 A. botswanensis CBS314.89 89/* A. violaceus CBS138.55T A. savannensis CBS140607T A. sulphureoviridis CBS140626T A. desertorum CBS653.73T 98/* A. omanensis CBMFA 700T A. stercorarius CBS428.93T A. jaipurensis CBS952.97T A. recurvatus T A. recurvatus CBS496.65T CBS496.65 99/* A. aurantiopurpureus CBS140608T T A. sulphureoviridis CBS140626 88/.99 A. navahoensis CBS351.81T A. violaceus CBS138.55T A. latilabiatus CBS426.93T A. aurantiopurpureus CBS140608T A. botswanensis CBS314.89T T -/.99 A. navahoensis CBS351.81T A. desertorum CBS653.73 */* A. savannensis CBS140607T A. falconensis CBS271.91T A. stercorarius CBS428.93T T A. jaipurensis CBS952.97 99/* A. falconensis CBS271.91T T -/* T */* A. pluriseminatus CBS100523 A. fruticulosus CBS486.65 ITS x4 x2 A. pluriseminatus CBS102705 99/-A. pluriseminatus CBS102705 */* x4 A. mulundensis IBT33104T A. pluriseminatus NBRC33028 A. pluriseminatus CBS100523T A. multicolor CBS133.54T 99/* BenA */* A. purpureocrustaceus PPRI5548 PPRI5548 97/* T x4 */* A. purpureocrustaceus -/.96 A. purpureocrustaceus PPRI3840 */* A. purpureocrustaceus PPRI3840T x4 A. tumidus CBS143587T A. tumidus CBS143587T 91/* A. mulundensis IBT33104T T T x4 A. multicolor CBS133.54 86/* A. israelensis CBS140627 T */* T A. unguis CBS132.55 A. croceus CBS134396 x4 A. croceus CBS134396T x4 T A. unguis CBS132.55 80/.96 A. israelensis CBS140627T A. sydowii CBS593.65T A. sydowii CBS593.65T 0.006 0.05 T 97/.97 A. nidulans CBS589.65 */* A. latus CBS492.65T 91/.99 A. quadrilineatus CBS591.65T A. quadrilineatus CBS591.65T A. foveolatus CBS279.81T 96/* A. nidulans CBS589.65T 80/- A. corrugatus CBS191.77T A. corrugatus CBS191.77T 98/* */* A. striatus CBS283.67T A. foveolatus CBS279.81T T A. pachycristatus IFM55265 83/.97 A. rugulosus CBS133.60T 99/* A. rugulosus CBS133.60T A. striatus CBS283.67T */* A. jaipurensis CBS952.97T A. spinulosporus CBS120.55T */* A. omanensis CBMFA 700T 99/* A. jaipurensis CBS952.97T A. violaceus CBS138.55T A. sulphureoviridis CBS140626T A. spinulosporus CBS120.55T 99/* A. violaceus CBS138.55T T 90/- A. sulphureoviridis CBS140626 */* A. falconensis CBS271.91T A. botswanensis CBS314.89T */* A. fruticulosus CBS486.65T 84/- A. savannensis CBS140607T A. latilabiatus CBS426.93T */* A. stercorarius CBS428.93T A. recurvatus CBS496.65T T 91/* A. desertorum CBS653.73 */* A. aurantiopurpureus CBS140608T 90/.99 A. fruticulosus CBS486.65T A. navahoensis CBS351.81T A. falconensis CBS271.91T -/.95 A. botswanensis CBS314.89T A. recurvatus CBS496.65T RPB2 */* */* A. savannensis CBS140607T 99/* A. latilabiatus CBS426.93T x4 A. desertorum CBS653.73T */* A. aurantiopurpureus CBS140608T 86/.96 A. stercorarius CBS428.93T A. navahoensis CBS351.81T 84/* A. multicolor CBS133.54T A. pluriseminatus CBS102705 A. mulundensis IBT33104T */* A. pluriseminatus NBRC33028 */* A. pluriseminatus CBS100523T T 83/.95 A. pluriseminatus CBS100523 x4 A. pluriseminatus CBS102705 */* A. purpureocrustaceus PPRI5548 */* A. purpureocrustaceus PPRI5548 95/* T */* T CaM */* A. purpureocrustaceus PPRI3840 A. purpureocrustaceus PPRI3840 x4 x4 A. tumidus CBS143587T A. tumidus CBS143587T */* A. multicolor CBS133.54T 87/* A. unguis CBS132.55T A. mulundensis IBT33104T */* A. israelensis CBS140627T x4 T */* A. latus CBS492.65T A. croceus CBS134396 */* A. unguis CBS132.55T A. sydowii CBS593.65T x4 x4 A. israelensis CBS140627T 0.04 85/.99 A. croceus CBS134396T A. sydowii CBS593.65T 0.06

Fig. 11. Single gene phylogenies of Aspergillus sect Nidulantes based on ITS, BenA, CaM and RPB2. Strains from new species are shown in orange text and reference strains in grey text. Branch support in nodes higher than 80 % bs and/or 0.95 pp are indicated above thickened branches (T = ex-type; * = 100 % bs or 1.00 pp; - = support lower than 80 % bs and/or 0.95 pp). Notes: Phylogenies resolve A. heldtiae as a close relative of splitting into 3 or more columns, conidiophores uni- to biseriate, A. pseudoterreus in section Terrei (Figs 6, 9). Both species stipes rough, vesicle 40–80 μm wide, conidia broadly ellipsoid, produce bright yellow colonies with cinnamon colored sporula- rough, 4–7 × 3.5–6.5 μm. tion. However, A. pseudoterreus produce conidiophores in Typus: South Africa, Kruger National Park, Mopane tree debris distinctive loosely bundled synnema (Samson et al. 2011a), (Colophospermum mopane), October 2005, collected by E.J. vd which is absent in the new species. Aspergillus heldtiae pro- Linde (holotype PREM 62309, culture ex-type PPRI duces a minor proportion of darkened stipes, which are not re- 8986 = CMV 006G4). ported for A. pseudoterreus. ITS Barcode. MK450655 (alternative identiﬁcation markers: Aspergillus krugeri Visagie, sp. nov. MycoBank BenA = MK451098; CaM = MK451517; RPB2 = MK450808). MB834203. Fig. 16. Colony diam (7 d, in mm):CYA60–70; CYA 30 °C 65–70; CYA Etymology: Latin, krugeri, named after the Kruger National Park, 37 °C 40–47; CYAS 55–58; MEAbl > 70; MEA > 70; DG18 > 70; the National Park where the ex-type was collected from. YES > 70; OA 52–56; CREA 33–36. ﬁ Classi cation: Eurotiomycetes, Eurotiales, Aspergillaceae, Colony characters (25 °C, 7 d): CYA colonies surface granular Aspergillus section Flavi. and velutinous, mycelial areas white, sporulation moderately Diagnosis: Colonies on CYA showing rapid growth at 25 °C and dense to dense, greyish green to dark green (29E7–F7) moderate growth at 37 °C, dense sporulation, greyish to dark colored, sclerotia abundant, white when young becoming green, dark brown sclerotia abundant, conidial heads radiate, brown to almost purplish, soluble pigment absent, exudate

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A. rhizopodus IMI351309 A. giganteus CBS119.48 A. rhizopodus CBS450.75T 98/* A. giganteus PPRI26019 A. clavatonanicus CBS474.65T */* A. giganteus CBS526.65T T A. longivesica CBS530.71 95/* A. giganteus CBS515.65 A. giganteus CBS515.65 */* A. longivesica CBS187.77 A. longivesica CBS187.77 98/* A. longivesica CBS530.71T 85/- A. giganteus CBS119.48 */* A. rhizopodus IMI351309 A. giganteus PPRI26019 T A. giganteus CBS526.65T A. rhizopodus CBS450.75 A. clavatonanicus CBS474.65T 99/* A. seifertii PPRI26025 T A. seifertii PPRI3211T -/.96 */* A. acanthosporus CBS558.71 A. clavatus CBS514.65 A. acanthosporus CBS447.65 A. clavatus CBS334.67 */* A. seifertii PPRI26025 97/* A. clavatus CBS513.65T A. seifertii PPRI3211T A. clavatus CBS236.81 ITS */.99 A. posadasensis FMR12322 93/* A. acanthosporus CBS558.71T BenA A. posadasensis FMR12168T x4 A. acanthosporus CBS447.65 x4 A. clavatus CBS514.65 99/* A. posadasensis FMR12322 A. clavatus CBS236.81 T A. posadasensis FMR12168 91/* A. clavatus CBS334.67 A. fumigatus CBS133.61T x4 A. clavatus CBS513.65T 0.007 A. fumigatus CBS133.61T A. clavatus CBS513.65T 0.05 A. clavatus CBS236.81 */* A. clavatus CBS334.67 87/.97 A. clavatus CBS514.65 */* A. posadasensis FMR12322 A. posadasensis FMR12168T */* A. posadasensis FMR12322 T */* A. acanthosporus CBS558.71T -/.97 A. posadasensis FMR12168 A. acanthosporus CBS447.65 A. clavatus CBS513.65T */* A. seifertii PPRI26025 A. acanthosporus CBS558.71T A. seifertii PPRI3211T */* A. seifertii PPRI26025 */* A. giganteus PPRI26019 T A. seifertii PPRI3211 x8 */- A. giganteus CBS526.65T RPB2 */* A. giganteus MRC453 x4 96/* A. giganteus CBS515.65 CaM 98/* A. giganteus CBS119.48 -/* A. giganteus CBS526.65T */* A. giganteus CBS515.65 87/* A. longivesica CBS530.71T T A. longivesica CBS530.71 99/.99 A. clavatonanicus CBS474.65T T A. clavatonanicus CBS474.65 A. rhizopodus CBS450.75T T A. fumigatus CBS133.61 A. fumigatus CBS133.61T 0.05 0.03 x2

Fig. 12. Single gene phylogenies of Aspergillus sect Terrei based on ITS, BenA, CaM and RPB2. Strains from new species are shown in orange text, strains identiﬁed during this study in black text and reference strains in grey text. Branch support in nodes higher than 80 % bs and/or 0.95 pp are indicated above thickened branches (T = ex-type; * = 100 % bs or 1.00 pp; - = support lower than 80 % bs and/or 0.95 pp).

A. pseudodeflectus PPRI9203 A. pseudodeflectus CBS756.74T A. pseudodeflectus PPRI8971 A. pseudodeflectus PPRI9203 A. pseudodeflectus PPRI5177 A. pseudodeflectus PPRI5177 A. pseudodeflectus CBS756.74T A. pseudodeflectus PPRI8971 A. calidoustus CBS114380 98/- A. fuscicans BAFCcult4564T T A. calidoustus CBS121601 A. pseudodeflectus NRRL278 82/- */* A. calidoustus CBS113228 A. calidoustus CBS121601T A. pseudodeflectus NRRL278 A. calidoustus CBS113228 A. asper CBS140842T 96/* A. calidoustus CBS114380 T A. carlsbadensis CBS123894 T 94/* A. germanicus CBS123887 94/- A. carlsbadensis IBT18616 A. thesauricus NRRL62487T A. contaminans CBS142451T 94/* A. calidokeveii CBS142666 A. sigurros PPRI15889T A. keveii CBS209.92T A. pseudoustus CBS123904T ITS T T A. insuetus CBS107.25 x4 A. keveioides CBS132737 89/.99 T A. thesauricus NRRL62487T A. asper CBS140842 T A. keveii CBS209.92T A. keveioides CBS132737 A. carlsbadensis CBS123894T A. calidokeveii CBS142666 BenA */* T A. carlsbadensis IBT18616 A. insuetus CBS107.25 x4 T A. contaminans CBS142451T A. germanicus CBS123887 86/.97 A. nidulans CBS589.65T A. sigurros PPRI15889T 0.02 A. pseudoustus CBS123904T A. pseudodeflectus PPRI9203 A. nidulans CBS589.65T A. pseudodeflectus PPRI9404 0.06 A. pseudodeflectus PPRI5177b A. pseudodeflectus PPRI5177a A. pseudodeflectus PPRI9168 A. pseudodeflectus PPRI8971 A. pseudodeflectus CBS756.74T 88/- A. pseudodeflectus NRRL278 A. fuscicans BAFCcult4564T */* A. pseudodeflectus PPRI8976 A. calidoustus CBS121601T A. calidoustus PPRI15353 A. calidoustus CBS113228 T A. calidoustus CBS114380 94/* A. thesauricus NRRL62487 T 86/.96 A. keveii CBS209.92 A. germanicus CBS123887T 98/* 91/.99 A. calidokeveii CBS142666 A. calidokeveii CBS142666 T 91/* A. keveioides CBS132737 T T A. keveii CBS209.92 */* A. germanicus CBS123887 */* 95/* T T A. keveioides CBS132737 -/.99 A. thesauricus NRRL62487 A. insuetus CBS107.25T A. insuetus CBS107.25T A. asper CBS140842T A. asper CBS140842T T 99/* A. carlsbadensis CBS123894 A. carlsbadensis CBS123894T CaM A. carlsbadensis IBT18616 93/* PPRI15889T -/.99 A. sigurros x4 87/.99 A. contaminans CBS142451T x4 A. contaminans CBS142451T PPRI15889T A. sigurros T RPB2 */* A. pseudodeflectus CBS756.74 A. pseudoustus MRC1234 x4 */* A. pseudoustus MRC1233 A. pseudodeflectus NRRL278 A. pseudoustus CBS123904T A. pseudoustus CBS123904T A. nidulans CBS589.65T A. nidulans CBS589.65T 0.07 0.025 x2

Fig. 13. Single gene phylogenies of Aspergillus sect Usti based on ITS, BenA, CaM and RPB2. Strains from new species are shown in orange text, strains identiﬁed during this study in black text and reference strains in grey text. Branch support in nodes higher than 80 % bs and/or 0.95 pp are indicated above thickened branches (T = ex-type; * = 100 % bs or 1.00 pp; - = support lower than 80 % bs and/or 0.95 pp).

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Fig. 14. Aspergillus elsenburgensis. A. Colonies, from left to right, CYA, MEAbl, DG18. B–E. Close-up of colonies on DG18 (B, C), CYA (D) and OA (E). F. Ascoma. G, H. Asci and ascospores. I–L. Conidiophores. M. Conidia. Scale bars: B, D, E = 1 mm; C = 0.2 mm; F, G = 20 μm; H–M=10μm.

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Fig. 15. Aspergillus heldtiae A. Colonies, from left to right, CYA, MEAbl, DG18. B–F. Close-up of colonies on CYA (B), DG18 (C, D) and MEAbl (E, F). G–L. Conidiophores. M. Conidia. Scale bars: B–C = 2 mm; D, E = 0.5 mm; F = 0.2 mm; G–I=20μm; J–M=10μm.

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Fig. 16. Aspergillus krugeri. A. Colonies, from left to right, CYA, MEAbl, DG18. B–D. Close-up of colonies on MEAbl (B), DG18 (C) and CYA (D). E–I. Conidiophores. J. Conidia. Scale bars: B, D = 2 mm; C = 0.5 mm; F, G = 20 μm; H–M=10μm.

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Fig. 17. Aspergillus magaliesburgensis. A. Colonies, from left to right, CYA, MEAbl, DG18. B–E. Close-up of colonies after prolonged incubation on CYA (B–D) and MEAbl (E). F–J. Conidiophores. K. Conidia. Scale bars: B, E = 2 mm; C = 0.2 mm; D = 0.5 mm; F–L=20μm; J, K = 10 μm.

284 ASPERGILLUS IN SOUTH AFRICA clear, reverse pigmentation pale yellow to dull yellow Colony characters (25 °C, 7 d): CYA colonies surface floccose, (3A3–B3), olive brown (4D4) below sclerotia. MEAbl colonies mycelial areas white, some yellow aerial mycelia present, surface granular and velutinous, mycelial areas white, spor- sporulation absent after 7 d, intense yellow when present, with ulation moderately dense to dense, greyish green to dark age cinnamon, sclerotia present, black when mature, soluble green (29E7–F7) colored, sclerotia abundant, white when pigment absent, exudate absent, reverse pigmentation yellowish young becoming brown to almost purplish, soluble pigment white to pale yellow (2A2–3). MEAbl colonies surface floccose, absent, exudate clear, reverse pigmentation pale yellow to dull mycelial areas white, sporulation absent after 7 d, intense yellow yellow (3A3–B3). YES colonies surface velutinous, granular when present, with age cinnamon, sclerotia present, black when and floccose, mycelial areas white, sporulation dense, greyish mature, soluble pigment absent, exudate absent, reverse green (29E7–30E7) colored, covering white to brown to pigmentation pale yellow to dull yellow (3A3–B3). YES colonies almost purplish sclerotia, soluble pigment absent, exudate surface floccose, mycelial areas white, sporulation very sparse, clear, reverse pigmentation greyish yellow (4B5), pale yellow bright yellow, black when mature, soluble pigment absent, to light yellow (4A3–5). DG18 colonies surface velutinous, exudate absent, reverse pigmentation pale yellow to greyish mycelial areas white, sporulation dense, greyish green yellow (4A3–B3). DG18 colonies surface floccose, mycelial (29E7–30E7) colored, covering white to brown sclerotia, areas white, some yellow aerial mycelia present, sporulation soluble pigment absent, exudate absent, reverse pigmentation absent, soluble pigment absent, exudate absent, reverse pale yellow to dull yellow (3A3–B3). CREA colonies weak pigmentation yellowish white to pale yellow (2A2–3). CREA growth, weak acid production. colonies weak growth, acid not produced. Micromorphology: Conidial heads radiate, splitting into 3 or more Micromorphology: Conidial heads radiate. Conidiophores columns. Conidiophores uniseriate to biseriate with an equal biseriate. Stipes yellow, smooth, (350–)900–1150 × (6–) ratio. Stipes hyaline, rough, 8–12 μm. Vesicles globose, metulae cover 100 % of head, 350–1000(–1300) × 10–18(–21) μm. Vesicles globose to 40–85 μm wide. Metulae 8–12(–16) × 3.5–5.5 μm. Phialides spathulate, metulae/phialides cover 100 % of head, 40–80 μm ampulliform, 7.5–10 × 2–3 μm. Conidia globose to subglobose, wide. Metulae 11 –22 × 5–10 μm. Phialides ampulliform, smooth, 2.5–3.5 × 2.5–3.5 μm, (3.1 ± 0.2 × 2.9 ± 0.3, 10–15 × 4.5–7 μm. Conidia broadly ellipsoid, rough, n = 52) μm, length/width 1.08 ± 0.12. Ascomata not observed. 4–7 × 3.5–6.5 μm, (5.5 ± 0.7 × 5.1 ± 0.6, n = 72) μm, length/ Sclerotia black when mature, 550–1500 μm. width 1.08 ± 0.04. Ascomata not observed. Sclerotia white when Notes: Phylogenies resolve A. magaliesburgensis in section young, becoming dark brown with age, 370–850 μm. Flavi in the A. alliaceus clade (Frisvad et al. 2019), containing Notes: Aspergillus krugeri belongs to the A. flavus-clade (Frisvad A. alliaceus, A. lanosus, A. neoalliaceus and A. vandermerwei et al. 2019) and is closely related to A. arachidicola, A. para- (Fig. 3, 10). BenA, CaM and RPB2 can be used to identify the siticus, A. novoparasiticus, A. sergii and A. transmontanensis new species. Aspergillus magaliesburgensis produces sclerotia, (Figs 3, 10). These species are morphologically similar, but and these structures are absent in A. vandermerwei, while colony growth rates can distinguish between them. Aspergillus A. lanosus typically produces bright yellow colonies. The new krugeri grows faster than A. parasiticus (40–60 mm), A. sergii species is distinct from A. neoalliaceus based on the subglobose (<55 mm) and A. transmontanensis (55–57 mm) on CYA to ellipsoid conidia of the latter. Morphologically, (Soares et al. 2012). On CYA at 37 °C, Aspergillus krugeri grows A. magaliesburgensis and A. alliaceus could not be distinguished more restricted than A. arachidicola (60–70 mm), from each other. We do note that “faintly yellow conidiophores” A. novoparasiticus (58–63 mm), A. sergii (<60 mm) and were previously observed for A. alliaceus (Raper & Fennell A. transmontanensis (55–57 mm) (Pildain et al. 2008, Gonçalves 1965), while A. magaliesburgensis produce conidiophores with et al. 2012). distinctly yellow stipes. Aspergillus magaliesburgensis Visagie, sp. nov. Aspergillus purpureocrustaceus Visagie, sp. nov. MycoBank MB834204. Fig. 17. MycoBank MB834205. Fig. 18. Etymology: Latin, magaliesburgensis, named after Magaliesburg, Etymology: Latin, named purpureocrustaceus, meaning purple the town the ex-type was collected from. and crust, in reference to the colonies on CYA and MEAbl that turn purple and crust-like with age. Classification: Eurotiomycetes, Eurotiales, Aspergillaceae, Aspergillus section Flavi. Classification: Eurotiomycetes, Eurotiales, Aspergillaceae, Aspergillus section Nidulantes. Diagnosis: Colonies pale, sparse intense yellow sporulation becoming cinnamon with age. Stipes yellow, conidia smooth, Diagnosis: Colonies crust-like and very hard due to abundant globose to subglobose, 2.5–3.5 × 2.5–3.5 μm. Sclerotia present. Hülle cells produced on surface, having a reddish brown to purple color, sporulation sparse to absent, conidiophores Typus: South Africa, Gauteng, Magaliesburg, from an Antlion biseriate, stipes 130–310 μm, conidia globose to subglobose, (Myrmeleontidae), April 1996, collected by J. Pieterse (holotype rough, 3.5–4.5(–5) × 3–4.5 μm. PREM 62314, culture ex-type PPRI 6165 = CMV 007A3). Typus: South Africa, Limpopo, plant debris, January 1990, ITS Barcode: MK450649 (alternative identification markers: (holotype PREM 62264, culture ex-type PPRI 3840 = CMV BenA = MK451116; CaM = MK451511; RPB2 = MK450802). 008B3). Colony diam (7 d, in mm):CYA65–70; CYA 30 °C 60–65; CYA – – Additional material examined: South Africa, Western Cape, Cape Town, 37 °C 50 55; CYAS 65-70; MEAbl > 70; MEA 53 56; Huntsman spider (Palystes castaneus), January 1994, collected by N. Larsen & DG18 > 70; YES > 70; OA 55–60; CREA 55–60. H. Robertson PPRI 5548 = CMV 008B1.

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Fig. 18. Aspergillus purpureocrustaceus. A. Colonies, from left to right, CYA, MEAbl, DG18.B–E. Close-up of colonies on MEAbl (B), DG18 (C, E) and CYA (D). F. Hülle cells. G. Potential immature asci. H–K. Conidiophores. L. Conidia. Scale bars: B, C, D = 2 mm; E = 0.5 mm; F = 20 μm; G–K=10μm.

286 ASPERGILLUS IN SOUTH AFRICA

Fig. 19. Aspergillus seifertii. A. Colonies, from left to right, CYA, MEAbl, DG18. B–E. Close-up of colonies on DG18 (B) and CYA (C–E). F–H. I. Conidiophores. I. Conidia. Scale bars: B–D = 0.5 mm; E = 2 mm; F, G = 20 μm; H–I=10μm.

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Fig. 20. Aspergillus sigurros. A. Colonies, from left to right, CYA, MEAbl, DG18. B–E. Close-up of colonies on CYA (B), DG18 (C, D) and MEAbl (E). F. Hülle cells. G–K.I. Conidiophores. I. Conidia. Scale bars: B, C, E = 2 mm; D = 0.5 mm; F–H=20μm; I–K=10μm.

288 ASPERGILLUS IN SOUTH AFRICA

ITS Barcode: MK450653 (alternative identification markers: Diagnosis — Colonies greyish to dark green, producing large BenA = MK451138; CaM = MK451515; RPB2 = MK450806). conidiophores with clavate heads, stipes up to 6 mm long, vesicles 26–60 μm wide, up to 210 μm long. Colony diam (7 d, in mm):CYA40–41 (25–26); CYA 30 C 10–15; CYA 37 °C no growth; CYAS 25–28; MEAbl 45–47 Typus: South Africa, Free State, Golden Gate National Park, (33–35); MEA 38–41; DG18 35–40; YES 53–60; OA 25–30; Grassroots, January 1988, collected by R. Anelich (holotype CREA 27–30. PREM 49066, culture ex-type PPRI 3211 = CMV 006F5). Colony characters (25 °C, 7 d): CYA colonies surface floccose, Additional material examined: South Africa, Free State, Golden Gate National mycelial areas yellow to grey, sporulation absent, Hülle cells Park, Soil, 2018, collected by R. Jacobs, PPRI 26025 = CMV 011E3; CMV 011E4. abundant, reddish brown, becoming purple and crust-lie with ITS Barcode: MK450647 (alternative identification markers: age, soluble pigment absent, exudate reddish brown and clear, BenA = MK451093; CaM = MK451509; RPB2 = MK450800). reverse pigmentation dark brown (6F8), yellowish brown Colony diam (7 d, in mm):CYA33–35; CYA 30 °C 35–38; CYA (5D4–5). MEAbl colonies surface floccose, mycelial areas yellow 37 °C 2–3; CYAS 10–12; MEAbl 40–45; MEA 38–40; DG18 to grey, sporulation absent, Hülle cells abundant, reddish brown, 25–28; YES 45–50; OA 28–35; CREA 20–25. becoming purple and crust-lie with age, soluble pigment absent, exudate reddish brown and clear, reverse pigmentation dark Colony characters (25 °C, 7 d): CYA colonies surface floccose, brown (6F8), yellowish brown (5D4–5). YES colonies surface mycelial areas white, sporulation moderately dense, greyish floccose, mycelial areas yellow to grey, sporulation absent, Hülle green to dark green (25D5–F5), soluble pigment absent, cells abundant, reddish brown, soluble pigment absent, exudate exudate clear, reverse pigmentation pale green to pale yellow reddish brown and clear, reverse pigmentation olive brown (4F8), (30A3–1A3–2A3). MEAbl colonies surface floccose, mycelial pale yellow (4A2). DG18 colonies surface floccose, mycelial areas white, sporulation sparse, dark green (25F5), soluble areas yellow to grey, sporulation sparse, greyish green (28D6), pigment absent, exudate clear, reverse pigmentation pale green Hülle cells abundant, reddish brown, soluble pigment absent, to pale yellow (30A3–1A3–2A3). YES colonies surface floccose, exudate reddish brown and clear, reverse pigmentation dark mycelial areas white, sporulation dense, greyish green to dark brown (6F8), yellowish brown (5D4–5). CREA colonies weak green (25D5–F5), soluble pigment absent, exudate clear, growth, acid not produced. reverse pigmentation yellowish white to yellow (3A2–6). DG18 colonies surface floccose, mycelial areas white, sporulation Micromorphology: Conidial heads radiate. Conidiophores moderately dense, dull green to dark green (25D4–F5), soluble biseriate. Stipes hyaline, smooth, 130–310 × 5–7.5 μm. Vesicles pigment absent, exudate absent, reverse pigmentation pale subclavate, metulae cover 75–100 % of head, 10–20 μm wide. green to pale yellow to light yellow (30A3–1A3–2A3–3A4). Metulae 6–11.5 × 3–5.5 μm. Phialides ampulliform, 7–10 × 3–4 μm. Conidia globose, rough, CREA colonies weak growth, acid not produced. 3.5–4.5(–5) × 3–4.5 μm, (4.1 ± 0.4 × 3.9 ± 0.4, n = 28) μm, Micromorphology: Conidial heads clavate, with age splitting into length/width 1.05 ± 0.04. Hülle cells globose to subglobose, 3–4 divergent columns. Conidiophores uniseriate. Stipes hya- occurring in hard crusts with reddish purple color, 13–25 μm. line, smooth, up to 6 mm × 17–24 μm. Vesicles clavate, phialides Ascomata not observed. cover 100 % of head, 26–60 μm wide, up to 210 μm long. Phialides ampulliform, 7–9.5 × 2.5–3.5 μm. Conidia globose, Notes: Phylogenies resolve A. purpureocrustaceus in a clade of smooth, 3–4×3–4 μm, 3.4 ± 0.2 × 3.3 ± 0.19, n = 59) μm, section Nidulantes with A. multicolor,A. mulundensis, length/width 1.03 ± 0.05. Ascomata not observed. A. pluriseminatus and A. tumidus (Figs 5, 11). This group of species typically produce abundant Hülle cells, often giving the Notes: Phylogenies resolves Aspergillus seifertii as a unique colony a reddish to purple color with age (Roy et al. 1987, lineage in section Clavati (Figs 4, 12). Generally, species Stchigel & Guarro 1997, Chen et al. 2016, Crous et al. 2018). from this section produce blue-green conidia and clavate Comparing these species, only A. multicolor and A. mulundensis conidiophores (except for A. posadasensis for which only a are capable of growth on CYA at 37 °C. Aspergillus pluri- sexual reproductive state was reported (Marin-Felix et al. seminatus can be distinguished from the other species in this 2014)). The stipe and vesicle length are generally good clade by the presence of a sexual state and absence of asexual characters to distinguish between these species (Varga state. Compared to the new species, A. tumidus grows more et al. 2007). Aspergillus clavatus and A. seifertii produce restricted on MEA (38–41 vs 22–23 mm), grows more rapidly on conidiophores with stipes of up to 3 and 6 mm, respectively, CYA at 30 °C (10–15 vs 32–34 mm), with its colony appearance while A. giganteus and A. longivesica can grow several cm dominated by good sporulation. in length. The remaining section Clavati species have stipes Aspergillus seifertii Visagie & N. Yilmaz, sp. nov. shorter than 1 mm. Vesicle length is also a useful character. Aspergillus clavati, A. seifertii, A. giganteus and MycoBank MB834206. Fig. 19. A. longivesica have vesicles up to 200, 210, 600 and Etymology: Latin, seifertii, named after Dr. Keith A. Seifert, a 3200 μm, respectively. prominent Canadian mycologist specialised on mycotoxigenic Aspergillus sigurros Visagie, sp. nov. MycoBank genera and other hyphomycetes. MB834207. Fig. 20. Classification – Eurotiomycetes, Eurotiales, Aspergillaceae, Aspergillus section Clavati.

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Etymology: Latin, sigurros, named after Sigurros, one of Keith A. its old associated sexual state genera (e.g. Eurotium, Emericella Seifert’s favourite music groups. etc.). Unfortunately, a large proportion of strains in PPRI were either badly contaminated or not viable (±35 %). As a result, only Classification: Eurotiomycetes, Eurotiales, Aspergillaceae, 250 strains were included in this particular study, with 354 new Aspergillus section Usti. DNA reference sequences (ITS 24; BenA 52; CaM 250; RPB2 Diagnosis: Colonies with grey to brownish moderately dense 28) generated and published on GenBank. South African sporulation, growth on CYA at 30 °C 10–14 mm; conidiophores Aspergillus was found to be relatively diverse with 63 species with brown stipes, vesicles 11–25 μm wide, conidia spiny, identified belonging to 11 sections (sections Aspergillus, Candidi, globose 3–4×3–4 μm. Circumdati, Clavati, Cremei, Flavi, Flavipedes, Fumigati, Nidu- lantes, Terrei and Usti). This does not include the 11 Aspergillus Typus: South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, Pinetown, unknown envi- sect Nigri species that will be published elsewhere. Among the ronmental sample, April 2014, collected by M. Truter (holotype 63 species, seven were found to be new and are described in the PREM 62308, culture ex-type PPRI 15889 = CMV 005I4 = 2014- Taxonomy section above. One problem experienced during this M62/147). project was that for the new species, very few strains were ITS Barcode: MK450650 (alternative identification markers: available, e.g. four new species were represented by only one BenA = MK451066; CaM = MK451512; RPB2 = MK450803). strain, while the remaining three new species had only two strains. This situation is frequent when sequencing smaller col- Colony diam (7 d, in mm):CYA34–35; CYA 30 °C 10–15; CYA lections around the world. For A. elsenburgensis we were 37 °C no growth; CYAS 27–29; MEAbl 29–31; MEA 28–30; fortunate that CBS had several additional strains sequenced. DG18 28–32; YES 39–42; OA 32–35; CREA 25–26. Even though not ideal, comparisons based on morphology, Colony characters (25 °C, 7 d): CYA colonies surface floccose, multigene phylogenies and single gene trees applying genea- mycelial areas white, sporulation moderately dense, brownish logical concordance phylogenetic species recognition (Taylor grey to brown (5E2–5–6E5–2), soluble pigment absent, et al. 2000), leaves little doubt about the novelty of the new exudate clear, minute droplets, reverse pigmentation olive (2D4), species introduced here. yellowish white (3A2). MEAbl colonies surface floccose, mycelial Sequence based identifications of PPRI and MRC strains was areas white, sporulation moderately dense, grey (5E1–6E1) to relatively straight forward thanks to the secondary identification brown (6E6), soluble pigment absent, exudate absent, reverse marker CaM and associated database (Samson et al. 2014). pigmentation olive (2D4), yellowish white (3A2). YES colonies Throughout the genus and between different sections, the primer surface floccose, mycelial areas white, sporulation sparse to pairs cmd5&cmd6 performed (Hong et al. 2005) well. For only a moderately dense, greyish brown (5D3–6D3), soluble pigment minor proportion of strains, additional ITS, BenA and/or RPB2 absent, exudate absent, reverse pigmentation brownish orange sequences were needed to confirm the CaM based identifica- (5C5), yellowish white (3A2). DG18 colonies surface floccose, tions. ITS and BenA posed no problems in terms of amplification mycelial areas white, sporulation moderately dense, brownish using proposed methods of (Samson et al. 2014), but RPB2 was grey to brown (5E2–5–6E5–2), soluble pigment absent, difficult to amplify using either 5F&7CR (Liu et al. 1999)or exudate clear, minute droplets, reverse pigmentation brown 5FEur&7CREur (Houbraken et al. 2012). Both primer sets pro- (5E5), olive (2D4), yellowish white (3A2). CREA colonies strong vided intermitted hits and misses, with the internal sequencing growth, acid not produced. primers F310, R310, 388F and 527R (Houbraken & Samson 2011) at the end needed to obtain high quality sequences Micromorphology: Conidial heads radiate. Conidiophores contigs. biseriate. Stipes brown, smooth, (85–)120–360 × 2.5–6.5 μm. Several Aspergillus strains belonging to sect Terrei were Vesicles globose, metulae cover 50–75 % of head, 11–25 μm tentatively identified during this study. Both A. allahabadii and wide. Metulae 6–10 × 3–4 μm. Phialides ampulliform, A. alabamensis appears to contain a large degree of infraspecies 6–8.5 × 2.5–3.5 μm. Conidia globose, spiny to somewhat wart- variation and potentially contain a large number of new species. like, some covered in sheath, 3–4×3–4 μm, Even though the multigene phylogeny (Fig. 6) appears to indi- (3.2 ± 0.2 × 3.2 ± 0.2, n = 53) μm, length/width 1.03 ± 0.04. Hülle cate that several new species may exist, we did not feel cells irregularly elongated, in scattered groups, comfortable introducing new species in a difficult clade without 22–60 × 11–20 μm. Ascomata not observed. having more data from other regions of the world. Similarly, PPRI Notes: Aspergillus sigurros resolves as a close relative of 14275 potentially represents a new species closely related to P. carlsbadensis and P. contaminans in section Usti (Figs 7, 13). A. transmontanensis from section Flavi. However, since no Compared to A. carlsbadensis, the new species produces co- consistent morphological differences were observed in this nidiophores with broader vesicles (11–25 vs 10–14 μm), larger strain, we decided to not introduce a phylogenetic species for this conidia (3–4 vs 2.5–3 μm) and grows more restricted on CYA at single strain. 30 °C (10–15 vs 28–32 mm) (Samson et al. 2011b). Micro- One of the big challenges we face in Aspergillus is to discover scopically A. contaminans and A. sigurros are very similar. the missing biodiversity. This can either be in the form of new However, the new species grows faster on CYA at 30 °C (4–5 vs species discovery and/or isolation of additional strains of already 10–14 mm) (Crous et al. 2017). known species. Phylogenetic approaches and their incorporation into our species concepts resulted in rather aggressive approaches. It is not ideal to introduce new species based on one DISCUSSION or two strains, but as is obvious from this study, often one is left with that as the only option. Monotypic species are frequent in With this project, we aimed to re-identify strains previously Aspergillus with 118 of the 415 accepted species represented by lodged in the PPRI and MRC culture collections as Aspergillus or a single strain (the ex-type), while 80 species are represented by

290 ASPERGILLUS IN SOUTH AFRICA two strains. Within a modern taxonomy like that employed in Crous PW, Wingfield MJ, Burgess TI, et al. (2018). Fungal planet description Aspergillus, this creates problems on several levels, but most sheets: 716–784. Persoonia 40: 239–392. fi pressing is infraspecies variation for species that are often not Davolos D, Persiani AM, Pietrangeli B, et al. (2012). Aspergillus af nis sp. nov., a novel ochratoxin A-producing Aspergillus species (section Circumdati) captured. This is true from a morphological and DNA sequence isolated from decomposing leaves. International Journal of Systematic and perspective, but especially concerning the latter, it creates diffi- Evolutionary Microbiology 62: 1007–1015. culties with identifications. It is not uncommon to find strains that de Hoog GS, Guarro J, Gene J, et al. (2014). Atlas of clinical fungi: 1126. show a few nucleotide differences from the ex-type sequence. Eicker A (1969). 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Extrolites of Aspergillus fumigatus and other community, he has been a role model, mentor, colleague and friend to the authors pathogenic species in Aspergillus section Fumigati. Frontiers in Microbiology on this paper. We thank Stella Romero for providing additional strains and data 6: e1485. used for the description of A. elsenburgensis. CMV would like to acknowledge the Frisvad JC, Larsen TO, Thrane U, et al. (2011). Fumonisin and ochratoxin Foundational Biodiversity Information Programme (FBIP) of the National production in industrial Aspergillus niger strains. Plos One 6: Research Foundation of South Africa for financial support provided under grant nr e23496–e23496. 110441 (reference FBIS170406226088). The authors would like to thank Gianni C, Romano C (2004). Clinical and histological aspects of toenail ony- Konstanze Bensch and Shaun Pennycook who provided Latin assistance. chomycosis caused by Aspergillus spp.: 34 cases treated with weekly intermittent terbinafine. 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