0 PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DE SÃO PAULO PUC-SP Alisson Costa De Faria Tradução Intersemiótica: Nos Rastros Do Film

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0 PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DE SÃO PAULO PUC-SP Alisson Costa De Faria Tradução Intersemiótica: Nos Rastros Do Film 0 PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DE SÃO PAULO PUC-SP Alisson Costa de Faria Tradução intersemiótica: nos rastros do filme Apocalypse Now MESTRADO EM COMUNICAÇÃO E SEMIÓTICA SÃO PAULO 2014 1 PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DE SÃO PAULO PUC-SP Alisson Costa de Faria Tradução intersemiótica: nos rastros do filme Apocalypse Now MESTRADO EM COMUNICAÇÃO E SEMIÓTICA Dissertação apresentada à Banca Examinadora da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, como exigência parcial para obtenção de título de MESTRE em Comunicação e Semiótica, na área de concentração Signo e Significação nas Mídias, sob a orientação do Prof. Doutor José Amálio de B. Pinheiro. SÃO PAULO 2014 2 BANCA EXAMINADORA ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ 3 AGRADECIMENTOS Ao caríssimo Prof. Dr. José Amálio de B. Pinheiro, pela orientação atenta e disponibilidade para os atendimentos e conversas, fundamentais na construção da pesquisa. Aos Prof. Dr. Tony de Souza e Profa. Dra. Cecília A. Salles, por todos os conselhos e sugestões que possibilitaram o desenvolvimento da pesquisa por ocasião da banca de qualificação. Ao Prof. Dr. Gabriel Chalita, por toda a atenção e incentivo aos estudos. À Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, pela oportunidade da bolsa outorgada para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa. A todos os amigos e colegas que tive a felicidade de conhecer durante o curso de mestrado, pelas conversas e toda a ajuda. Aos meus familiares e amigos, pela força e apoio. A Gabriela e Sophia, pela paciência, carinho e confiança. 4 RESUMO A presente pesquisa analisa as relações tradutórias do filme Apocalypse Now (1979), de Francis Ford Coppola, com suas fontes, em especial o romance O Coração das Trevas (2006), de Joseph Conrad e Os Despachos do Front (2005), de Michael Herr. O objetivo foi investigar como se deu a construção da obra cinematográfica a partir da tradução intersemiótica dessas fontes. O trabalho também analisa os sentidos desenvolvidos pela obra cinematográfica, apontando pontos convergentes e divergentes com suas fontes, verificando como se dá a transposição dos elementos (o tempo, o espaço, o ponto de vista, o conflito e os personagens) dos textos literários e jornalísticos para o filme. A pesquisa se fundamenta no fato de o filme de Coppola não traduzir linearmente a narrativa do romance de Conrad e dos outros textos utilizados para o cinema, mas transformar conceitos e ideias em imagens em movimento. Convencionalmente, certa crítica entende os trabalhos de adaptação por meio de critérios como fidelidade do texto fílmico em relação ao texto literário. É preciso compreender como se dá o processo de tradução entre as fontes e a adaptação, respeitando a especificidade de cada sistema semiótico, no caso o literário e o fílmico, sendo o processo de tradução intersemiótica um método de se criar uma obra nova e não apenas uma reprodução de natureza identitária, de um meio no outro. O processo de criação do filme Apocalypse Now também é objeto da pesquisa e será norteado pelos fundamentos da Crítica Genética. Foram consideradas as interpretações de autores que são referência no tema, como: Robert Stam, Julio Plaza, Sergei Eisenstein, Cecília Salles, dentre outros. Metodologicamente, foram analisadas cenas, fragmentos e frames do filme Apocalypse Now à luz do pensamento em superfície, como ensina Flusser, em contraponto ao pensamento em linha, próprio dos textos literários. Também foram avaliadas as notas da produção do filme e o documentário Apocalypse de um Cineasta (1991), com os bastidores do longa, ambos realizados por Eleanor Coppola, bem como entrevistas com o diretor, o roteirista e os atores do filme. Palavras-chave: Adaptação. Literatura. Cinema. Processo de criação. Tradução intersemiótica. 5 ABSTRACT The actual research analyzes the translational relations from the movie Apocalypse Now (1979), from Francis Ford Coppola, with its sources, especially the novel The Heart of Darkness (2006), from Joseph Conrad and Dispatches (2005), from Michael Herr. The objective was to investigate how the cinematographic masterpiece was built from the intersemiotic translations of its sources. This research also analyzes the meanings developed by the masterpiece, pointing to convergent and dissonant points with its sources, verifying how the elements transposition (time, space, points of views, conflicts and characters) of literary and journalistic texts for the movie happen to be. The research justifies in the fact that the movie of Coppola does not translate in a sequence the novel narrative of Conrad and the other texts used for the movie industry, but to change concepts and ideas into moving images. Convencionally, this kind of criticism sees the adaptation tasks by certain kind of criteria like accuracy of the movie text in relation to the literary text. It needs to be understood how the translation process happens between sources and adaptation, respecting the specificities of each semiotic system, making the intersemiotic translation a method that can create a new masterpiece and not just a identity copy, from one to another. The movie Apocalypse Now creation process is also the object of this research and will be guided by the Genetics Criticism elements. Interpretations from authors who are considered references on the theme were considered, such as: Robert Stam, Julio Plaza, Sergei Eisenstein, Cecília Salles. In terms of method, scenes, parts and frames from Apocalypse Now were analyzed, starting by the surface thoughts, as Flusser teaches us, opposing to line thoughts, that can be found in literary texts. The movie production entry were also analyzed, like the documentary Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse (1991), with its coulisse, both realyzed by Eleanor Coppola, such as interviews with the diretor, screenwriter and the actors of the movie. Keywords: Adaptation. Literature. Cinema. Creation process. Intersemiotic translation. 6 LISTA DE FIGURAS Figura 1 – Nirvana Now por John Milius, 2010................................................................. 29 Figura 2 – Símbolo para o filme Apocalypse Now de John Milius, 2010.......................... 29 Figura 3 – Cena do filme Apocalypse Now, 1979.............................................................. 36 Figura 4 – Cena do filme Apocalypse Now Redux, 2001................................................... 42 Figura 5 – Cena do filme Apocalypse Now Redux, 2001................................................... 42 Figura 6 – Cena do filme Apocalypse Now Redux, 2001................................................... 43 Figura 7 – Cena do filme Apocalypse Now Redux, 2001................................................... 44 Figura 8 – Cena do filme Apocalypse Now Redux, 2001................................................... 44 Figura 9 – Cena do filme Apocalypse Now Redux, 2001................................................... 45 Figura 10 – Cena do filme Apocalypse Now Redux, 2001................................................. 45 Figura 11 – Cena do filme Apocalypse Now Redux, 2001................................................. 46 Figura 12 – Cena do filme Apocalypse Now Redux, 2001................................................. 48 Figura 13 – Cena do filme Apocalypse Now Redux, 2001................................................. 50 Figura 14 – Cena do filme Apocalypse Now Redux, 2001................................................. 50 Figura 15 – Cena do filme Apocalypse Now Redux, 2001................................................. 53 Figura 16 – Cena do filme Apocalypse Now Redux, 2001................................................. 53 Figura 17 – Cena do filme Apocalypse Now Redux, 2001................................................. 55 Figura 18 – Cena do filme Apocalypse Now Redux, 2001................................................. 56 Figura 19 – Cena do filme Apocalypse Now Redux, 2001................................................. 56 Figura 20 – Cena do filme Apocalypse Now Redux, 2001................................................. 57 Figura 21 – Cena do filme Apocalypse Now, 1979............................................................ 59 Figura 22 – Cena do filme Apocalypse Now, 1979............................................................ 60 Figura 23 – Cena do filme Apocalypse Now, 1979............................................................ 60 Figura 24 – Cena do filme Apocalypse Now, 1979............................................................ 61 Figura 25 – Cena do filme Apocalypse Now, 1979............................................................ 62 Figura 26 – Cena do filme Apocalypse Now Redux, 2001................................................. 67 Figura 27 – Cena do filme Apocalypse Now, 1979............................................................ 68 Figura 28 – Cena do filme Apocalypse Now, 1979............................................................ 68 Figura 29 – Cena do filme Apocalypse Now, 1979............................................................ 69 Figura 30 – Cena do filme Apocalypse Now, 1979............................................................ 70 Figura 31 – Cena do filme Apocalypse Now, 1979............................................................ 71 Figura 32 – Cena do filme Apocalypse Now, 1979............................................................ 72 7 Figura 33 – Cena do filme Apocalypse Now, 1979............................................................ 73 Figura
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