BMJ Publishing Group Limited (BMJ) disclaims all liability and responsibility arising from any reliance Supplemental material placed on this supplemental material which has been supplied by the author(s) BMJ Global Health

Supplementary

Table S1 List of locked down cities

Starting Date Cities Jan 23rd Wuhan Jan 24th Enshi, Huangshi, Shiyan, Yichang, Ezhou, Jingmen, Xiaogan, Huanggang, Xianning

Jan 25th Qinhuangdao Jan 26th Xiangyang, Jingzhou, Xiantao Jan 28th Tangshan Jan 30th Dongying

Jan 31st Chongqing, Yinchuan, Wuzhong Feb 2nd Wenzhou

Feb 4th Harbin, Nanjing, Xuzhou, Changzhou, Nantong, Hangzhou, Ningbo, Fuzhou, Jingdezhen, Zaozhuang, Linyi, Zhengzhou, Zhumadian

Feb 5th Shenyang, Dalian, Anshun, Fushun, Benxi, Dandong, Jinzhou, Fuxin, Liaoyang, Panjin, Tieling, Chaoyang, Huludao, Yangzhou, Hefei, Quanzhou, Nanchang, Jinan, Qingdao, Taian, Rizhao, Laiwu, Nanning

Feb 6th Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, Suzhou, Pingxiang, Jiujiang, Xinyu, Yingtan, Ganzhou, Ji’an, Yichun, Fuzhou, Shangrao, Neijiang, Yibin, Xinyang Feb 7th Suzhou, Guangzhou Feb 8th Shenzhen, Foshan, Fangchenggang Feb 9th Gangzhou, Huaibei

Feb 10th Beijing, Shanghai

Feb 13th Hohhot, Baotou, Wuhai, Chifeng, Tongliao, Ordos, Hulun Buir, Bayan Nur, Ulanqab, Xing’an League, Xilingol League, Alxa League Notes: The lockdown information is from government and media news in 2020.

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Zhang Y-N, et al. BMJ Global Health 2020; 5:e003421. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003421 BMJ Publishing Group Limited (BMJ) disclaims all liability and responsibility arising from any reliance Supplemental material placed on this supplemental material which has been supplied by the author(s) BMJ Global Health

Table S2 Healthcare service utilization in period of before, during and after Spring Festival in

China

Total healthcare expenditure (10^6 RMB Yuan) Utilization frequency (10^3 times) Per capita expenditure (10^3 RMB Yuan)

2019 2020 Change % 2019 2020 Change % 2019 2020 Change %

Pre-festival 10.6 (9.1, 6.0 (5.2, -18.0 (-32.8, - 7.8 (6.5, 5.9 (4.8, -40.6 (-42.4, - 2.2 (2.1, 2.4 (2.3, -16.0 (-22.2, -

12.0) 6.8) 3.2) 9.1) 7.0) 38.9) 2.3) 2.5) 9.9)

During-Spring 4.6 (3.3, 6.0) 1.8 (1.5, -33.1 (-55.6, - 3.2 (2.3, 2.7 (1.8, -45.1 (-49.7, - 2.2 (2.0, 2.2 (2.0, -7.6 (-16.5,

Festival 2.2) 10.5) 4.1) 3.6) 40.3) 2.3) 2.3) 1.3)

Post-festival 10.6 (9.1, 2.7 (2.4, -55.1 (-61.3, - 6.9 (5.7, 2.9 (2.4, -67.2 (-68.7, - 2.2 (2.2, 2.4 (2.3, -14.4 (-20.3, -

12.0) 3.0) 48.8) 8.0) 3.4) 65.7) 2.3) 2.5) 8.5)

Notes: We estimated the comparable healthcare service utilization data in 2019 by multiplying the average consumer price index (CPI) between January and February in 2020 (5·2%). The change percentage change of health service utilization was defined as the percentage of decrease or increase in 2020 compared to 2019, and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was presented in parentheses. The data covers periods between January 8th and March 12th in 2019, and between December 28th, 2019 and February 28th, 2020 (two periods in 2019 and 2020 cover the same lunar calendar). Pre-festival period is four weeks before the spring festival week in that year; during-Spring Festival period is festival week in that year; post-festival period is four weeks after festival week in that year, respectively.

Zhang Y-N, et al. BMJ Global Health 2020; 5:e003421. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003421 BMJ Publishing Group Limited (BMJ) disclaims all liability and responsibility arising from any reliance Supplemental material placed on this supplemental material which has been supplied by the author(s) BMJ Global Health

Daxing'anling

Hulun Buir Wudalianchi

Yichun Qiqihar Hegang Kiamusze Suihua Shuangyashan Hinggan League Daqing Qitaihe Harbin Jixi Karamay Baicheng Songyuan Bortala Mudanjiang Changchun Shihezi Changji Xilingo League Tongliao Urumqi Siping Jilin Chifeng Iii Kazak Hami Yanbian Tieling Turpan Shenyang Baishan Ulanqab Fushun Bayan Nur Baotou Ningcheng Jinzhou Panjin Benxi Zhangjiakou Hohehot Huludao Anshan Jiuquan Alxa League Yingkou Beijing Chinwangtao Datong Kizilsu Kirghiz Jiayuguan Tangshan Bayingol Wuhai Shuozhou Dalian Ordos Langfang Zhangye Shizuishan Xinzhou Baoding Jinchang Wuwei Yinchuan Shijiazhuang Cangzhou Yulin Taiyuan Haibei Lvliang Hengshui Wuzhong Dongying Jinzhong Dezhou Yantai Hotan Zhongwei Xingtai Haixi Xining Baiyin Jinan Yan'an Changzhi Liaocheng Weifang Haidong Linfen Laiwu Hainan Guyuan Anyang Tai'an Linxia Jincheng Rizhao Pingliang Jining Linyi Dingxi Tongchuan Yuncheng Xinxiang Heze Huangnan Weinan Zaozhuang Tianshui Zhengzhou Lianyungang Gannan Baoji Sanmenxia Shangqiu Yushu Golog Xi'an Xuchang Pingdingshan Suqian Longnan Shangluo Huaibei Bozhou Huai'an Bangbu Nagqu Hanzhong Nanyang Ngari Ankang Fuyang Taizhou Ngawa Shiyan Chuzhou Guangyuan Nantong Bazhong Xinyang Mianyang Xiangyang Hefei Nanjing Shennongjia Lu'an Changzhou Dazhou Deyang Wuhu Shanghai Garze Jingmen Qamdo Chengdu Suining Yichang Tianmen Anqing Xuancheng Jiaxing Qianjiang E'zhou Chizhou Ziyang Enshi Zhoushan Lhasa Menshan Chongqing Jingzhou Huangshi Huangshan Ningbo Shigatse Neijiang Xian'ning Zhangjiajie JiujiangJingdezhen Nyingchi Leshan Yueyang Jinhua Taizhou Yibin Xiangxi Yiyang Nanchang Muli Lhoka Zunyi Changsha Yichun Yingtan Lishui Diqing Tongren Wenzhou panshui Sanming Liangshan Xiangtan Xinyu Yongzhou Huaihua Fuzhou ianxinan LongyanNew Taipei Nanping Baise Hezhou Meizhou Taichung Nujiang Bijie Zhuzhou Ji'an Ningde he Wuzhou Chiayi Lijiang Guiyang Hengyang Jieyang Qiandongnan Yulin Hongkong Pingtung Sanming a Beihai Liupanshui Qiannan Fuzhou Dali Qujing Yongzhou Ganzhou Haikou Putian Kunming Qianxinan Guilin Longyan Qiongzhong Baoshan Liuzhou Shaoguan New Taipei Dehong Hechi Xiamen Yilan Hezhou Zhangzhou Yuxi Taichung Lincang Baise Heyuan Wenshan Laibin Chaozhou Hualien Wuzhou Penghu COVID-19 case evel Honghe Guangzhou Jieyang Sansha l Puer Nanning Kaohsiung Yunfu Dongguan Chongzuo Yulin Zhongshan Pingtung Qinzhou Yangchun Macao Wuhan Medium risk Sipsongpanna Fangchenggang Yangjiang Hubei Low risk Zhanjiang Haikou Danzhou High risk Changjiang Wanning Baoting

)LJXUHS1 0DSRIWKH&29,'FDVHVLQ&KLQD Notes: The map shows COVID-19 case level in 365 Chinese mainland cities, COVID-19 case were recorded daily updated for each city between January 24th and February 26th in 2020. Low risk cites (COVID-19 cumulative cases number <10); medium risk cities (10=< COVID-19 cumulative cases number<100); high risk cities (100< COVID-19 cumulative cases number).

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Zhang Y-N, et al. BMJ Global Health 2020; 5:e003421. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003421