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Scientific Refutation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Claims About Turtles
Scientific refutation of traditional Chinese medicine claims about turtles Hong Meiling1, Shi Haitao1,2, Fu Lirong1, Gong Shiping3, Jonathan J. Fong4, James F. Parham5 1 Department of Biology, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, Hainan Province, P. R. China 2 Corresponding author; e-mail: [email protected] 3 South China Institute of Endangered Animals, Xingangxi Road No. 105, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong Province, P. R. China 4 Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 5 Department of Herpetology, California Academy of Sciences, 875 Howard Street, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA Abstract. The Chinese turtle trade is the primary threat to endangered turtle populations throughout Asia, primarily because of the long tradition of consuming turtles in China. Practitioners of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) promote nutritional and medicinal benefits from eating turtles, especially those made from hardshell species. We tested these claims by determining the nutritional value of turtle products (meat, fat and shell) in five species of geoemydid turtle, Cuora trifasciata, C. mouhotii, Mauremys mutica, M. sinensis and Geoemyda spengleri. Nutritional variables such as the composition of amino acids, fatty acids and mineral elements were analyzed to determine the relative nutritional quality of turtle products. Our study refutes TCM claims about products made from hardshell turtles. Alternative animal products should be substituted to obtain similar minerals, amino acids and fatty acids. Balancing the cultural use of turtles with their conservation status remains a major challenge. Key words: Asia; Asian turtle crisis; conservation; China; Geoemydidae; nutrition; TCM; turtle trade. Introduction Asia has a high diversity of turtle species, but its unique fauna is facing a perilous and uncertain future. -
Overview of Hainan Province
Overview of Hainan Province Geographical Location Situated at the southernmost tip of China, Hainan sees Guangdong across the Qiongzhou Strait to the north, Vietnam across theBeibu Bay to the west and Taiwanacross theSouth China Sea to the east. Its neighbors in the South China Sea include the Philippines, Brunei and Malaysia in the southeast and south. The jurisdiction of Hainan covers Hainan Island, theXisha (Paracel) Islands, theZhongsha (Macclesfield) Islands and the Nansha (Spratly) Islands as well as the surrounding maritime areas, making it the largest province in China in terms of area. Hainan covers a land area (mainly including Hainan Island and Xisha, Zhongsha and NanshaIslands) of 35,400 square km (that of Hainan Island reaching 33,900 square km) and has a maritime area of about 2 million square km. With the outline like an oval snow pear, Hainan Island has a total area of 33,900 square km (excluding the satellite islands), the second largest island only next to Taiwan Island. Qiongzhou Strait, located between Hainan Island and Leizhou Peninsula of Guangdong Province is about 18-nautical-mile wide; while Zengmu Ansha in Nansha Islands is the southernmost territory of China. Administrative Divisions By September 2015, Hainan Province had 27 cities and counties (districts), including four prefectural cities, five county-level cities, four counties, six autonomous counties, eight districts, and 21 townships, 175 towns and 22 sub-district offices (totaling 218). Cities at the prefectural level: Haikou, Sanya, Sansha and Danzhou Cities at the county level: Wuzhishan, Wenchang, Qionghai, Wanningand Dongfang Counties: Ding’an, Tunchang, Chengmai and Lingao Autonomous Counties: Baisha Li Autonomous County, Changjiang Li Autonomous County, Ledong Li Autonomous County, Lingshui Li Autonomous County, Baoting Li and Miao Autonomous County and Qiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County Population Calculated according to a sample survey on population changes, the birth rate of the province reached 14.57‰, death rate6.00‰, andnatural growth rate8.57‰in 2015. -
Appendix 1: Rank of China's 338 Prefecture-Level Cities
Appendix 1: Rank of China’s 338 Prefecture-Level Cities © The Author(s) 2018 149 Y. Zheng, K. Deng, State Failure and Distorted Urbanisation in Post-Mao’s China, 1993–2012, Palgrave Studies in Economic History, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92168-6 150 First-tier cities (4) Beijing Shanghai Guangzhou Shenzhen First-tier cities-to-be (15) Chengdu Hangzhou Wuhan Nanjing Chongqing Tianjin Suzhou苏州 Appendix Rank 1: of China’s 338 Prefecture-Level Cities Xi’an Changsha Shenyang Qingdao Zhengzhou Dalian Dongguan Ningbo Second-tier cities (30) Xiamen Fuzhou福州 Wuxi Hefei Kunming Harbin Jinan Foshan Changchun Wenzhou Shijiazhuang Nanning Changzhou Quanzhou Nanchang Guiyang Taiyuan Jinhua Zhuhai Huizhou Xuzhou Yantai Jiaxing Nantong Urumqi Shaoxing Zhongshan Taizhou Lanzhou Haikou Third-tier cities (70) Weifang Baoding Zhenjiang Yangzhou Guilin Tangshan Sanya Huhehot Langfang Luoyang Weihai Yangcheng Linyi Jiangmen Taizhou Zhangzhou Handan Jining Wuhu Zibo Yinchuan Liuzhou Mianyang Zhanjiang Anshan Huzhou Shantou Nanping Ganzhou Daqing Yichang Baotou Xianyang Qinhuangdao Lianyungang Zhuzhou Putian Jilin Huai’an Zhaoqing Ningde Hengyang Dandong Lijiang Jieyang Sanming Zhoushan Xiaogan Qiqihar Jiujiang Longyan Cangzhou Fushun Xiangyang Shangrao Yingkou Bengbu Lishui Yueyang Qingyuan Jingzhou Taian Quzhou Panjin Dongying Nanyang Ma’anshan Nanchong Xining Yanbian prefecture Fourth-tier cities (90) Leshan Xiangtan Zunyi Suqian Xinxiang Xinyang Chuzhou Jinzhou Chaozhou Huanggang Kaifeng Deyang Dezhou Meizhou Ordos Xingtai Maoming Jingdezhen Shaoguan -
Pest Management Plan (Approved by CI-GEF Project Agency 2017-11-17)
Expanding the coverage and strengthening the management of wetland protected areas in Sichuan Province, China Pest Management Plan (Approved by CI-GEF Project Agency 2017-11-17) 1. The Main Purpose of Developing Pest Management Plan As a result of considerable work on removal of alien and invasive species (AIS), CI has developed guidelines for the use of chemical products and a format for a Pest Management Plan (PMP). A PMP is prepared by the Executing Entity when required by the CI-GEF Project Agency to ensure the use of best practice in the control and removal of alien and invasive plants, insects, and animals in compliance with GEF Environmental and Social Safeguards. 1. Brief Introduction of the Project Expanding the coverage and strengthening the management of wetland protected areas in Sichuan Province, China (hereafter shorten as “The project”) aims to expand and strengthen wetland protected areas in Sichuan Province China and also to mainstream biodiversity conservation and sustainable utilization of wetland resources. The project has two main components of which one focuses on strengthening site level management and standard raised for two wetland parks, namely:1) Xichang-Qionghai Wetland Park, and 2) Xinjin-Baihetan Wetland Park. The project doesn’t plan to promote agricultural production or change landscape by planting or transplanting. Accordingly, it has no attempt to use chemical pesticides. In the two wetland parks, farmers’ land rights have been requisitioned by local governments and agriculture have been totally given-up. Around the two wetland parks especially Xichang-Qionghai, farmers still plant cash crops and use peptides heavily. -
The Impact of Environmental Regulation on the Domestic Value Added Rate of China’S Industrial Exports—Empirical Test Based on Panel Data of Prefecture Level Cities
American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 2020, 10, 1437-1453 https://www.scirp.org/journal/ajibm ISSN Online: 2164-5175 ISSN Print: 2164-5167 The Impact of Environmental Regulation on the Domestic Value Added Rate of China’s Industrial Exports—Empirical Test Based on Panel Data of Prefecture Level Cities Jingjing Huang Business School, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China How to cite this paper: Huang, J. J. (2020). Abstract The Impact of Environmental Regulation on the Domestic Value Added Rate of Chi- Environmental protection and the promotion of export domestic value-added na’s Industrial Exports—Empirical Test Based rate is a hot issue in economic development. This paper first explores the on Panel Data of Prefecture Level Cities. mechanism of environmental regulation on domestic value-added rate of ex- American Journal of Industrial and Busi- ness Management, 10, 1437-1453. port, and then empirically tests the impact of environmental regulation on https://doi.org/10.4236/ajibm.2020.108094 domestic value-added rate of industrial export in China by using panel data of 270 prefecture level cities from 2003 to 2016. In the sample period, the in- Received: July 29, 2020 tensity of environmental regulation has a non-linear impact on the export Accepted: August 22, 2020 Published: August 25, 2020 domestic value-added rate. With the increase of environmental regulation in- tensity, the export domestic value-added rate shows a U-shaped relationship. Copyright © 2020 by author(s) and In the eastern, central and western regions, the impact of environmental reg- Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative ulation on export domestic value-added rate is consistent with the overall re- Commons Attribution International sults. -
Island Promotes Small-Town Sojourns
12 Hainan special Monday, August 31, 2015 CHINA DAILY Island promotes small-town sojourns What they say “Hainan Island is as good as more fa- mous resorts in Southeast Asia. I think Hainan is even better when talking about certain tourism resources. There are direct air links with Singapore, Thailand, South Korea, Japan, Russia, as well as Hong Kong, and Taiwan, and other plac- es. We also have convenient inbound procedures with a visa-free policy covering 26 countries.” Chen Tiejun, deputy director of the Hainan Provincial Commission of Tourism Development “Shishan town of Haikou has unique tourism resources featuring a culture based on the volcano. We will promote Shishan town and Haikou city tour- ism resources through the Internet, to achieve a leap forward in develop- ment.” Shi Xiangrong, chief planner with the Haikou Commission of Tourism The Dongzhaigang Mangrove Forest Reserve, in Haikou, Hainan province, is one of the province’s scenic highlights and the country’s largest mongrove forest Development reserve. LONG QUAN / FOR CHINA DAILY “Qionghai boasts simple folk customs he tropical island Hainan and good public order. These are the Along with its aims to be a top international tourism destination by 2020. two basic elements to develop village beach appeal, T One of the ways it intends to tourism. Tourists will naturally come do this is by popularizing the natural Hainan has charms of the small towns and villages if the local residents enjoy happy lives. scattered across the island. Qionghai is fi rst of all the happy home During the Ming and Qing Dynas- another side ties (1368-1911), many Chinese ven- of local residents and then a resort for tourists from tured into Southeast Asian countries home and abroad.” to its charm such as Malaysia, the Philippines and Indonesia to make a living. -
How Environmental Awareness and Knowledge Affect Urban Residents
sustainability Article How Environmental Awareness and Knowledge Affect Urban Residents’ Willingness to Participate in Rubber Plantation Ecological Restoration Programs: Evidence from Hainan, China Yu Gan, Tao Xu * , NengRui Xu, JiLv Xu and Dan Qiao Management School, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; [email protected] (Y.G.); [email protected] (N.X.); [email protected] (J.X.); [email protected] (D.Q.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-158-7765-5809 Abstract: The rapid expansion of rubber plantations in Asian countries has led to various envi- ronmental problems. Therefore, local governments are implementing rubber plantation ecological restoration (RPER) programs as an essential solution. However, such programs can be implemented only if residents are intensely involved. Based on a survey of 521 urban households in Hainan Province, China, this study investigates the effect of environmental awareness and knowledge on residents’ willingness to participate in RPER programs. We employ a double-hurdle (DH) model to estimate residents’ participation in two stages. First, we determine whether residents wish to participate or not (PN). Then, we measure residents’ degree of willingness to participate (DWP). The results show that residents’ environmental awareness has a significant positive effect on whether they wish to PN but has no impact on their DWP. By contrast, residents’ environmental knowledge has a significant positive effect on whether they wish to PN and their DWP. The moderating effect Citation: Gan, Y.; Xu, T.; Xu, N.; Xu, shows that residents’ environmental knowledge significantly weakens the positive effects of their J.; Qiao, D. How Environmental environmental awareness on whether they wish to PN. -
Initial Exploration of a Protection System for Historical and Cultural Towns and Villages in Hainan, China
Structural Studies, Repairs and Maintenance of Heritage Architecture XV 297 INITIAL EXPLORATION OF A PROTECTION SYSTEM FOR HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL TOWNS AND VILLAGES IN HAINAN, CHINA WANG ZHENYU Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China ABSTRACT The long course of Chinese national history runs from a remote source. Since China has a vast territory, different regions formed a variety of regional cultures with different natural environments and era evolutions. Historical and cultural towns and villages not only exist as individual entities, but also as integrated urban and rural settlements and regional cultures. This paper presents the methodologies for the protection of historical towns and villages in the phase of systematic planning in Hainan Province. The research begin with looking at Hainan’s regional culture, adopting the research method of anthropology and regional heritage to retrace the culture of Hainan’s towns and villages, analysing the status quo, and on this basis, building a framework of Hainan historical towns and villages in promotion of its rational protection and development. Keywords: historical and cultural towns and villages, land use, Meso-scale space unit, non-motor- vehicle travel. 1 INTRODUCTION Hainan is a tropical island in southern China with beautiful scenery; its special natural environment has created an exotic culture. Today, most people see Hainan as an international scenic spot; however, less attention is paid to Hainan’s culture and traditions, which, to some extent, results in a lack of cultural construction. Historical and cultural villages and towns are important space carriers of Hainan culture; therefore, the construction of provincial-level historical and cultural towns and villages to protect the historical and cultural heritage of Hainan is essential. -
Uyghur Dispossession, Culture Work and Terror Capitalism in a Chinese Global City Darren T. Byler a Dissertati
Spirit Breaking: Uyghur Dispossession, Culture Work and Terror Capitalism in a Chinese Global City Darren T. Byler A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2018 Reading Committee: Sasha Su-Ling Welland, Chair Ann Anagnost Stevan Harrell Danny Hoffman Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Anthropology ©Copyright 2018 Darren T. Byler University of Washington Abstract Spirit Breaking: Uyghur Dispossession, Culture Work and Terror Capitalism in a Chinese Global City Darren T. Byler Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Sasha Su-Ling Welland, Department of Gender, Women, and Sexuality Studies This study argues that Uyghurs, a Turkic-Muslim group in contemporary Northwest China, and the city of Ürümchi have become the object of what the study names “terror capitalism.” This argument is supported by evidence of both the way state-directed economic investment and security infrastructures (pass-book systems, webs of technological surveillance, urban cleansing processes and mass internment camps) have shaped self-representation among Uyghur migrants and Han settlers in the city. It analyzes these human engineering and urban planning projects and the way their effects are contested in new media, film, television, photography and literature. It finds that this form of capitalist production utilizes the discourse of terror to justify state investment in a wide array of policing and social engineering systems that employs millions of state security workers. The project also presents a theoretical model for understanding how Uyghurs use cultural production to both build and refuse the development of this new economic formation and accompanying forms of gendered, ethno-racial violence. -
2019 Annual Report
Table of Contents A Message from the Chairman.............................................................. 1 A Message from the President .............................................................. 3 Our Impact .................................................................................... 4 What’s Unique About Sister Cities International?....................................... 5 Global Leaders Circle............................................................................... 6 2018 Activities....................................................................................... 7 Where We Are (Partnership Maps) ........................................................ 14 Membership with Sister Cities International ........................................... 18 Looking for a Sister City Partner?......................................................... 19 Membership Resources and Discounts ................................................. 20 Youth Leadership Programs ............................................................... 21 YAAS 2018 Winners & Finalists ............................................................ 23 2018 Youth Leadership Summit .......................................................... 24 Sister Cities International’s 2018 Annual Conference in Aurora, Colorado.......................................................................... 26 Annual Awards Program Winners......................................................... 27 Special Education and Virtual Learning in the United States and Palestine (SEVLUP) -
I. Tourism Industry (19 Projects) 1
I. Tourism Industry (19 Projects) 1. Haiken Wuzhishan Tea Tourism Town (Industrial Park) Project Name Haiken Wuzhishan Tea Tourism Town (Industrial Park) The Haiken Wuzhishan Tea Tourism Town (Industrial Park) is one of the eight industrial parks undertaken by the Hainan State Farms under the “Eight Eight Strategy”, listed as a “provincial key project”. The project, which covers a total planned area of 11,318 mu, will be developed in three phases, and the construction cycle is expected to be 5 years; the content of construction includes one corridor connected to one village and one workshop, three parks and three areas, i.e., Tea Garden Waterfront Landscape Corridor, Colorful Organic Tea Garden, Tea Grove Wit Paradise, Project Leisure Healthcare Area, Zen Tea Culture Experience Area, Tea Experience Overview Entertainment Area, Tea Town Folklore Village and Tea Innovation Workshop; as rural construction is carried out throughout “hundreds of towns and thousands of villages in beautiful Hainan”, the project aims to build a characteristic town of tea tourism culture with tea production and processing, trading and logistics, industrial exchanges, culture experience, folklore experience, catering and recreation, travel and holiday and healthcare rolled into one to make the characteristic town seamlessly connected to industrial parks, targeted poverty alleviation and all-for-one tourism. The project is located in Xiangshui Town, Baoting Li and Miao Autonomous County, Hainan Province, in the hinterland of the Wuzhi Project Site Mountain. The project boasts an advantageous geographical location for it’s bounded by Wuzhishan City in the north, by Sanya City in the south, by Ledong Country in the west and Lingshui County in the east. -
Dynamic Monitoring and Analysis of Alien Invasive Land Plants in Autumn and Winter in Qionghai Lake
E3S Web of Conferences 118, 04016 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911804016 ICAEER 2019 Dynamic monitoring and analysis of alien invasive land plants in autumn and winter in Qionghai Lake Lin Bai1,*, Kun Yao2, Yiying Yang3, Jiaying Li3, Qun Zhao3 1Lecturer, College of Resource and Environment, Xichang College, Xichang 615000, Sichuan, China 2Teaching Assistant, College of Resource and Environment, Xichang College, Xichang 615000, Sichuan, China 3Student, College of Resource and Environment, Xichang College, Xichang 615000, Sichuan, China Abstracts. Qionghai Lake is the second largest freshwater lake in Sichuan Province. Invasive plants have damaged the ecological balance of Qionghai Lake. Regular investigation and monitoring of invasive alien plants in Qionghai Lake in autumn and winter. Study structural changes and trend changes. Mapping dynamic monitoring of the distribution of invasive plants. Upon investigation, a wide range of invasive plants with a large rits are Eupatorium Adenophorum, Lantana camara,Bidens alba(L.) DC, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Pharbitis purpurea(L.) Voisgt and Oxalis corniculata L. The introduction of the Tagetes erecta L as Ornamental plants, the proliferation occurred because of mismanagement. The number of Mirabilis jalapa L. is very small. Analysis of the way of invasive alien plants into the Qionghai Sea and the measures of prevention and control. Qionghai Lake is located in Xichang, Liangshan Yi 2015 16.19 5.26 Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province of China. It is a highland wetland nature reserve.Covers an area of about 2016 17.94 6.35 30 square kilometers. Most of the tree species in the 2017 17.06 5.13 wetlands are imported species from the outside.