National Intangible Heritage Center and Baekje Historic Areas

Exploring the UNESCO World Heritage in Korea SCHEDULE

� July 6 SAT �

TIME DETAILS REMARK

08:00 Arrival Korea Tourism Organization (Seoul Center) 08:20 ~ 12:00 Seoul → Jeonju Hanok Village 12:00 ~ 13:00 Lunch Korean mixed rice 13:20 ~ 15:00 Jeonju Sori Culture Center UNESCO World Heritage - Sumunjang(Royal Guard) Changing Ceremony Rehearsal - Pansori Lesson 15:10 ~ 17:10 National Intangible Heritage Center Intangible Cultural Heritage of - Intangible Heritage Center Tour Humanity - ‘Cheoyongmu’, Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity Performance 17:30 ~ 19:00 Dinner Seok Galbi 19:15 Check in at Ramada Hotel, Jeonju Hotel Ramada Jeonju

� July 7 SUN �

TIME DETAILS REMARK

08:30 ~ 09:00 Check-out 09:50 ~ 10:30 Baekje Historic Areas UNESCO World Heritage - Wanggung-ri Relics Museum - Five-story Stone Pagoda 10:40 ~ 11:20 Iksan National Museum UNESCO World Heritage Mireuksa Temple Site 12:20 ~ 13:20 Lunch Baekje Yeonbap; steamed rice wrapped in lotus leaf 13:30 ~ 15:00 Exhibition tour at the Baekje Historical Museum → Sabigung Palace → Neungsa 15:00 ~ 18:00 Iksan → Seoul

- 4 - Day 1

Exploring the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity 전주한옥마을 Jeonju Hanok Village Jeonju Hanok Village is located in the city of Jeonju and overlaps Pungnam-dong and Gyo-dong. There are over 800 traditional Korean hanok houses. While the rest of the city has been industri- alized, Hanok Village retains its historical charms and traditions. Jeonju Hanok Village is especially beautiful for its unique roof edges, which are slightly raised to the sky. Hanok houses are generally divided into two sections, Anchae and Sarangchae. Sarangchae is where the men dwelt, and is referred to as the Seonbi room. Because men and women had to remain separate, Anchae is situated deep inside the house so that it is secretive and quiet. Another trait of hanok is that all the houses are heated with ondol, a unique sub-floor heating system. Since Koreans enjoy sitting, eating, and sleeping on the floor, it needs to remain heated. A part of the hanok has been set aside so that tourists can experience traditional Korean life, called Hanok Life Experience Hall. You can enter the rooms to experience the warm floor first-hand. An advantage of this system is that it is warm in the winter and cool in the summer. The food provided is very traditional, which adds to the traditional ambience. At Jeonju Hanok Village, visitors can enjoy traditional Korean life and traditional dishes, like bibimbap, the most well known dish from the Jeonju region.

- 4 - 전주소리문화관 Jeonju sound culture center

Jeonju Sori* Culture Center is established to preserve and promote the local culture of Pansori. * ‘sori’ literally means ‘sound’ in Korean, but also can mean Pansori, a genre of traditional Korean music consisting of a long solo epic song. This traditional Korean building, resembling the Korean letter ‘ㄷ,’ hosts an exhibition hall on the history of Pansori and Gukchang (Pansori Master) Oh Jeong-suk Memorial. The center runs educational programs on Pansori and stages regular performances.

- 5 - 경기전 Gyeonggijeon Shrine

- 6 - Historic Site No. 339, Gyeonggijeon Shrine was erected in 1410 and holds the portrait of King Tae-jo, the founder of the Joseon Dynasty. The king and his wife’s mortuary tablets are enshrined here at Jogyeong Shrine. The structure was partially destroyed during the Imjin War (1592-1598), and the existing structure was remodeled in 1614. Inside Gyeonggijeon, the portraits of King Tae-jo and other successive kings, such as Sun-jong, Cheol-jong, Yeong-jo and many others, can be found on display. The carriage used to move the mortuary tablets as well as transport dignitaries. Individual chair-like carriages are also on display.

- 7 - 판소리 Pansori epic chant Pansori epic chant is a genre, in which a singer and a drummer weave a musical story together. Pansori, which is performed with songs, words, and gestures, matched with a rhythm, has been sung and handed down by lower class entertainers, called ‘Gwangdae (clown)’. Singing can go on maximum 8 hours. Pansori is a compound word of ‘Pan’, a place where many people gather, and ‘ sori’, a song. Pansori, the essence of Korean culture that shares history and human feelings; joy, anger, sorrow, and pleasure, got acknowledgement on its creativity and excellence worldwide and was designated as the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2003.

- 8 - 국립무형문화유산원 National Intangible Heritage Center Unlike material cultural heritage, intangible cultural heritage (ICH) is ‘living heritage’, which is practiced and passed down by humans throughout history. The National Intangible Heritage Center (NIHC) is the first complex administrative institution for the safeguarding and transmission of Korean ICH, and it fosters ICH through research, archiving, exhibitions, performances, educational programs, support for the Masters of ICH, and extension of the traditional crafts market. NIHC comprises various facilities, such as permanent/special exhibition galleries, performance halls, archives, international conference rooms, and learning spaces. NIHC is a hub of Korean ICH and the core of international networks of ICH. NIHC actively cooperates with Asian-Pacific nations, as well as the nations of Africa, Europe, and America.

- 9 - 처용무 공연 Cheoyongmu Performance

*History/origin of Cheoyongmu: Cheoyong-mu is said to have originated in the late period of Silla dynasty. According to a historical record, at the time of King Heongang who ruled from 875 to 886, Cheoyong is described as a son of Dragon-king of the East Sea. There have been various interpretations on the identity of Cheoy- ong among scholars. One of the most plausible opinion is that he was a shaman, which is confirmed in the mystic song describing the exorcising ability of Cheoyong. According to it, he drove away the evil spirit who seduced his wife not by force but a persuasive song and gentle attitude. From that time on, his mask, song and dance came to be used as the magical means to ward off evils and the dance has been performed in the national exorcising ritual ( Narye )as well as some other festive occasions. In 15th century of Chosun dynasty, it was changed from solo dance to five men's dance influenced by the Taoistic concept of Yin-Yang and Five Elements. During Chosun dynasty, it became more stylized as it was adopted as a court dance. Cheoyong-mu was designated as Korean Important Intangible Cultural Property No. 39 in 1971. The artistic excellence of Cheoyong-mu is proved in its dynamic, moderate style and its varied movement patterns such as confrontation, circle, square, pentagon and procession. In spite of its magical intention, Cheoyong-mu uses highly virtuous masks and controlled movements instead of threatening ones. Elegant court music is accompanied with the dance to heighten the ceremoni- ous, ritualistic mood.

- 10 - * Costumes used in the Cheoyongmu:

The dance is performed by five men clad in white, blue, black, red and yellow to represent the four cardinal directions and the center. They wear the light wine-colored mask of the man-god, with white teeth, tin earrings with a necklace of lead beads, and a black hat decorated with two peony blossoms and seven peaches to ward off evil and invite auspicious energy. The dancers move with stateliness and vigour through a variety of styles and tempos of music, punctuated by various lyrical song recitations. Part of a greater folk mythology surrounding Cheoyong, including the belief that his image carved on the gate of a house would repel smallpox and other ills, Cheoy- ongmu also embodies the philosophy of Confucianism, particularly the Theory of the Five Elements. The creation of the Cheoyong masks also provides a valuable opportunity for tradition- al craftsmanship.

- 11 - * Music involved in the Cheoyongmu:

The musical instrument used in this dance includes a six stringed zither, dulcimer, two stringed fiddle, horizontal flute, conical oboe, and the glass drum. To match the movement qualities of the Cheoyongmu. The music is fairly slow and stately. It is created by traditional Korean drums, string instruments and wind instruments. This helps to create the feeling of grand importance of the dancers and gives significance to their movement. Throughout the performance the dancers movements directly relate to the structure of the accompanying music.

- 12 - Day 2

Exploring the UNESCO World Heritage Baekje Historic Areas

- 13 - 백제역사유적지구 Baekje Historic Areas

Baekje is one of the ancient countries that existed on the Korean Peninsula from 18 BCE to 660 CE. Located in the mountainous, mid-western region of the Republic of Korea, the Baekje Historic Areas comprise a series of eight archaeological sites, including the Gongsanseong Fortress and royal tombs at Songsan-ri in Gongju, the Busosanseong fortress and Gwanbuk-ri administrative buildings, the Jeongnimsa Temple, the royal tombs in Neungsan-ri and the Naseong city wall in Buyeo, the royal palace at Wanggung-ri, and the Mireuksa Temple in Iksan. These properties represent the historical tracts of relationships among the west-Asian ancient kingdoms of Korea, China, and Japan from the 5th to 7th century and conclusively stand for both architectural devel- opment and the spread of Buddhism.

Through these carefully-maintained properties, the reputation of its capital, Buddhist temples, ancient tombs, architecture, and stone pagodas are proud reminders of the culture, religion, and aesthetics of the ancient kingdom of Baekje. Acknowledged as a pivotal element of the ancient city, fortress, palace site, city wall, royal tomb, Buddhist temples represent the outstanding values of Baekje Historic Areas’ heritage. Such properties have conserved the crucial evidence of ancient architectural factors and technological progression. The fortress, city walls, mountainous region of the royal tomb, and location of traffic routes are included in both applied heritage and buffer zones. All these locations are state-designated heritage sites, and some sites are also under the ancient city specialized conservation program. By gaining heritage status, a considerable amount of effort has been made to maintain historical evidence and authenticity.

- 14 - 백제문화관광단지 Baekje Cultural Land

- 15 - 왕궁리 Wanggungni Historic Site

Starting in 1989, archeologists undertook a 20-year-long excavation project at what is now known as the Wanggung-ni Historic Site. During the excavation, it was discovered that the area had been the site of the royal palace of King Muwang of the Baekje Dynasty (600 to 640 CE).

After the passing of the king, several key buildings of the palace were dismantled and a temple was built. Even today, the outer wall of the royal palace can still be seen, and it stands as atestament to the site’s unique history. Relics found at the site serve as important documentation of the construc- tion of the royal palace and the lifestyle of the king.

Significant discoveries at Wanggungni include 14 building sites (including Jeongjeon Hall where the king took care of political affairs and held ceremonial rituals), the site of the most impressive garden of the Baekje Dynasty, a ceramics workshop site, and remnants of a large palace restroom.

- 16 - 왕궁리 오층석탑 Five-story Stone Pagoda in Wanggung-ri

The Wanggung Five-story Stone Pagoda is located on a hill about 2 km south of Wanggung-my- eon in Iksan. This location is believed to have been the capital of the nation during the Mahan Era. The pagoda stands tall at 8.5 m and was officially designated National Treasure No. 289. Relics from the Goryeo Dynasty that were found inside the pagoda were designated National Treasure No. 123 and are currently housed in the National Museum of Korea. Of the excavated relics, the most famous are the Sarijangeomgu, a magnificent container of Buddha’s Sarira; the green glass Sarira bottle topped with a lotus-shaped stopper; and the Sungeumgeumganggyeongpan, which contains the 19 golden plates of the Diamond Sutra.

- 17 - 국립익산박물관 Iksan National Museum

Opened in 1997, the Mireuksaji National Museum was established in order to celebrate the culture of the Baekje Dynasty (18 BC-660 AD). The museum has roughly 19,200 relics (about 400 of which are on permanent display) that were unearthed from the site of Mireuksa Temple (Historic Site No. 150), the largest temple of the Baekje Dynasty.

The museum is shaped like the stone pagoda of Mireuksa Temple and was built on low ground so as not to block the view of the temple site. Main exhibition areas include the Central Hall, Overview Hall, Relics Hall, and the Buddhist Fine Arts Hall. Some of the most treasured pieces on display at the museum are the Mireuksaji Stone Pagoda (National Treasure No. 11) and Mireuksaji Dangganjiju (flag poles; Treasure No. 236). The museum also offers various cultural events and programs, including on-site education, historical and cultural lectures, and summer culture school. Cultural movies are screened throughout the year.

- 18 -

미륵사지 Mireuksaji – Mireuksa Temple Site

Mireuksa was the largest Buddhist temple of the ancient Baekje Kingdom (18 BCE-660 CE). According to the Samgukyusa (historical records published in 1281 CE), King Mu (30th king of Baekje, in power 600-641 CE) and his wife Queen Seonhwa were said to have seen a vision of Mireuksamjon (the three Sanskrit) emerging from a large pond. At the time of their revelation, the king and queen were on their way to visit a Buddhist monk in Sajasa Temple on Yonghwasan Mountain (now known as Mireuksan Mountain). In response to their vision, the king drained the nearby pond and established Mireuksa Temple. The temple is believed to have shown the most advanced architectural and cultural skills of Baekje, Silla, and Goguryeo (the three main kingdoms at that time). Records indicate that King Jinpyeong of Silla even sent his craftsmen over to assist with the temple construction.

The two main features of the Mireuksa Temple Site are the stone pagoda (Mireuksaji Seoktap) and the flagpole supports (Mireuksaji Dangganjiju). The 14.24 m high west stone pagoda (National Treasure No. 11) is the oldest and largest Korean stone pagoda in existence. The west pagoda currently has only six tiers, but is estimated to have originally had nine. Based on historical records, the nine-story east stone pagoda (27.67 m in height) was restored to its original stature in 1993. Other surviving landmarks include the flagpole supports (Treasure No. 236) to the south of the stone pagodas. The 395 cm tall poles are estimated to have been created during the Unified Silla period (676-935 CE) and are set 90 m apart from east to west.

- 20 - 백제역사문화관 Baekje Historical Museum

Baekje Historical Museum preserves, researches, and provides all information related to the history and culture of Baekje. The hall is a comprehensive and expert educational museum that not only displays excavated relics but also shows graphics and documentaries produced with state-of-the-art technology to provide correct and in-depth knowledge on Baekje. The hall will serve as a mecca of Baekje culture.

- 21 - 사비궁 Sabigung Palace

Sabigung Palace is the first restored royal palace of great Baekje from the Three Kingdoms Era. Among the total of 14 buildings in the 4,492 m² area are Cheonjeongjeon in the middle, Munsajeon in the east, and Mudeokjeon in the west, and all three are connected by corridors. Based on the ancient palace architectural design, the main throne hall was restored. Cheon- jeongjeon is a symbolic hall as it serves as a venue for New Year’s rituals, receiving envoys, and other important events. The 19 m height and the 337 m² area make the two-story building magnificent.

- 22- - 23 - 능사 Neungsa

Neungsa is a royal temple within the palace vicinity. Its restoration involved recreating the exact same architectural design and size with reference to the relics excavated in Neungsan area, Buyeo; and its poles are arranged with the same width between each other. The restoration mirrored the original architecture after considering the down pointing cantilever architecture shown in the gilt bronze pagoda Geumdongtappyeon excavated in Dongnam, Buyeo, the five-story pagoda, Buyeo Jeongnimsaji, and the five-story stone pagoda of Jeongnimsa Temple. The middle gate, pagoda, the main worship hall, and the auditorium are all laid straight in a row.

- 24 - The Buddha-enshrining pagoda is a complex structure whose interior has one high ceiling but its exterior shows multiple stories.

Jahyodang is a hall built in commemoration of King Wuideok’s deep respect for his father King Seong. It is also a building where Buddhism was taught to the public.

- 25 - Inside this building, National Treasure No. 287 Baekje Geumdong Daehyangro, a guilt-bronze incense burner, was found. Hyangrogak, the building’s name, is derived from this incense burner.

- 26 - - 27 - 문화체육관광부 Ministry of Culture,Sports and Tourism