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Draft Macadamia Species Recovery Plan 2019-2024

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Draft Macadamia Species Recovery Plan 2019-2024 Macadamia Species Recovery Plan 2019-2024 Macadamia integrifolia Macadamia tetraphylla Macadamia ternifolia Macadamia jansenii Macadamia Species Recovery Plan 2019 - 2024 Title: Macadamia Species Recovery Plan 2019-2024 Prepared by: Dr Michael Powell1 and Liz Gould2 for the Australian Macadamia Society and Horticulture Australia Limited 1 Australian Macadamia Society, Suite 1, 113 Dawson Street, Lismore NSW 2480 2 Healthy Land and Water, PO Box 13204, George Street Qld 4003 Original Southern Macadamia Species Recovery Plan prepared by: Glenn Costello, Michael Gregory and Paul Donatiu for Horticulture Australia Limited and the Australian Macadamia Society This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Disclaimer: The Australian Government, in partnership with the Queensland Department of Environment and Science, facilitates the publication of recovery plans to detail the actions needed for the conservation of threatened native wildlife. The attainment of objectives and the provision of funds may be subject to budgetary and other constraints affecting the parties involved, and may also be constrained by the need to address other conservation priorities. Approved recovery plans may be subject to modification due to changes in knowledge and changes in conservation status. Publication reference: Powell, M. and Gould, L. 2019. Macadamia Species Recovery Plan 2019 - 2024. Report to Department of the Environment and Energy, Canberra by the Australian Macadamia Society, Lismore. Image credits: Glenn Costello Paul Donatiu Ian McConachie 2 Macadamia Species Recovery Plan 2019 - 2024 Contents Executive Summary ............................................................................................................ 6 Species Description and Taxonomy .................................................................................. 6 Current Species Status ...................................................................................................... 6 Habitat and Distribution Summary ..................................................................................... 6 Threats Summary .............................................................................................................. 6 Recovery Objective ........................................................................................................... 6 Summary of Actions .......................................................................................................... 6 1. General Information ........................................................................................................ 8 Conservation Status .......................................................................................................... 8 International Obligations .................................................................................................... 8 Affected Interests............................................................................................................... 9 Consultation with Indigenous People ................................................................................10 Benefits to other Species or Communities ........................................................................10 Recovery Plans Relevant to the Macadamia Species Recovery Plan ......................................... 10 Social and Economic Impacts ...........................................................................................10 2. Biological Information ....................................................................................................11 Introduction.......................................................................................................................11 Macadamia integrifolia (Queensland nut tree) ..................................................................15 Description .................................................................................................................................... 15 Life history and ecology ................................................................................................................ 15 Distribution .................................................................................................................................... 16 Habitat critical to the survival of the species ................................................................................. 16 Priority populations ....................................................................................................................... 17 Macadamia jansenii (Bulburin nut tree) .............................................................................20 Description .................................................................................................................................... 20 Life history and ecology ................................................................................................................ 20 Distribution .................................................................................................................................... 20 Habitat critical to the survival of the species ................................................................................. 20 Priority populations ....................................................................................................................... 21 Macadamia ternifolia (Gympie nut) ...................................................................................21 Description .................................................................................................................................... 21 Life history and ecology ................................................................................................................ 21 Distribution .................................................................................................................................... 21 Habitat critical to the survival of the species ................................................................................. 22 Priority populations ....................................................................................................................... 22 Macadamia tetraphylla (Rough-shelled bush nut) .............................................................24 Description .................................................................................................................................... 24 Life history and ecology ................................................................................................................ 24 Distribution .................................................................................................................................... 25 Habitat critical to the survival of the species ................................................................................. 25 3 Macadamia Species Recovery Plan 2019 - 2024 Priority populations ....................................................................................................................... 26 3. Threats............................................................................................................................30 Biology and Ecology relevant to Threats ...........................................................................30 Habitat Loss and Fragmentation ................................................................................................... 30 Small Population Size ................................................................................................................... 30 Weed Species ............................................................................................................................... 31 Fire ................................................................................................................................................ 32 Unmanaged livestock ................................................................................................................... 33 Climate Change ............................................................................................................................ 33 Genetic Pollution ........................................................................................................................... 34 Public Perception .......................................................................................................................... 34 Uncoordinated conservation ......................................................................................................... 34 Phytophthora and other diseases ................................................................................................. 35 Potential threats ...............................................................................................................35 Feral Pigs ...................................................................................................................................... 35 Pests and Diseases from Commercial Orchards .......................................................................... 35 Species Specific Threats ..................................................................................................36 Macadamia integrifolia .................................................................................................................. 36 Macadamia jansenii .....................................................................................................................
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