Contact Details Mary Heimann, Professor of Modern History, Cardiff University Email:
[email protected] Address for written correspondence: School of History, Archaeology and Religion, Cardiff University John Percival Building, room 4.38 Colum Drive Cardiff CF10 3EU 2 2 3 The Secularisation of St Francis of Assisi Abstract St Francis of Assisi, mystic, stigmatic and founder of the Franciscans, has come to seem uncontroversial, a saint for ecologists, socialists and animal lovers as well as Christians of all denominations. Until his rediscovery by the Victorians, Francis was firmly associated with Roman Catholic doctrine, obedience to the papacy, participation in crusades and distinctively Catholic mystical phenomena. This article argues that Faber’s, Oliphant’s and Sabatier’s nineteenth-century Lives of St Francis opened the way for his appropriation by the general British public. The resulting denominational competition over the saint stimulated a boom in St Francis’ popularity but also led to his piecemeal secularisation. Key Words St Francis of Assisi Victorian English Catholics Lives of Saints Secularisation 3 4 The Secularisation of St Francis of Assisi In March 2013, immediately after his election as pope, Jorge Mario Bergoglio held a press conference at the Vatican during which he explained his reasons for choosing the papal name Francis. ‘During the election,’ he explained, ‘right away, thinking of the poor, I thought of St Francis of Assisi’ and then ‘of all the wars’. ‘Francis,’ he reflected: is also the man of peace. That