BUSINESS RUNS ON RAIL Only 2.5% of total transport emissions come from rail 11% of total miles travelled in the UK are made by rail DESTINATION: a carbon free railway Rail only accounts for 0.6% of the UK total emissions UK’s target of ‘net zero’ greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. Rail is a low-carbon form of transport The railway is already helping to reduce emissions and fight climate change Rail is already a low-carbon form of transport – it only accounts for 2.5% of total transport emissions and about 0.6% of the UK total. Carbon emissions per passenger km have been cut by nearly 30% since 2005 – with rail’s strong environmental performance helping to reduce UK carbon emissions by up to 7.7 million tonnes every year. Every freight train means up to 76 fewer HGVs on the road – with one tonne of freight travelling by rail emitting 76% less CO2 than if it travelled by road. 8,000 new greener carriages are being introduced – equivalent to replacing half the existing fleet old for new. Rail is inherently energy efficient – once a train has accelerated, it needs relatively little additional energy to maintain its speed and technology now allows energy to be captured when electric trains brake. RAIL IS ONE OF THE CLEANEST FORMS OF TRANSPORT AVAILABLE TO PEOPLE The public private partnership that runs the railway has a major role to play in meeting the key challenges facing the UK in the years ahead. One of the most crucial of these is tackling climate change and helping the UK meet its legally binding target of ‘net zero’ greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. The industry is working to reduce emissions further, but we need to go further and faster. That is why over the coming years the industry wants to see more of the network electrified and new battery and hydrogen technology exploited in order to take diesel- only trains off the network. This will help the UK meet its emissions targets and ensure a cleaner, greener world for generations. SETTING A FRAMEWORK FOR CHANGE The route to achieving a carbon-free railway is a real challenge, especially on a network that was designed in the Victorian age. To make it happen, the railway needs certainty and the right frameworks so that it can plan and take the necessary long-term decisions now. To do this, the industry is recommending the following: A commitment by Government to a rolling programme of electrification – this would help build-up skills and capability within the industry, reducing the costs of future electrification schemes so they are more in line with comparable projects in Europe. A new independent organising body to join-up the industry – the Williams Review should recommend the creation of such a body to co- ordinate work on de-carbonisation across the industry and ensure that operators have the right incentives to deliver this change. Targets that reflect the challenges the industry face – we are calling on the Government to develop realistic carbon reduction targets that enable the industry to deliver the step-change to deliver the net zero carbon target by 2050. OVERVIEW OF THE GB RAIL INDUSTRY National Rail journeys have more than doubled since privatisation. 1.72 billion rail journeys per year or 4.7m journeys per day. Highest infrastructure investment in Europe – £11.6 billion on 5,700 new train carriages by 2021. Feel secure when travelling by train, with more than 33,000 cameras covering stations and trains around the country. Rail is becoming an even greener way to travel, CO2 emissions per passenger operator have decreased to 36.6g per passenger km (10.3% lower than in 2017-2018). Improving customer satisfaction score (83% overall journey) and punctuality rate (77% passenger satisfaction with punctuality). 97p in every £1 spent goes back into running and improving the railway. Smaller profit than in most sectors in the UK. https://dataportal.orr.gov.uk/statistics/compendia/rail-industry-key-statistics/ FRANCHISES THE FRANCHISE MODEL EACH FRANCHISE AGREEMENT COVERS A GEOGRAPHICAL ROUTE FOR A SET NUMBER OF YEARS AND SPECIFIES THE SERVICE PATTERNS AND STANDARDS THE FRANCHISING AUTHORITY WANTS TO DELIVER. A NUMBER OF OPERATORS ARE OPEN ACCESS AND 2 ROUTES ARE RUN BY DfT MAIN INCOME STREAMS • Franchisees charge fares to passengers, some regulated by government • Subsidy provided to support socially necessary services • Rental income from sub-letting commercial space in stations PRINCIPAL COSTS • Operators pay the government a premium on profitable routes • Operators pay Network Rail for track access, and lease of stations • Operators lease rolling stock and either perform maintenance in-house or through private contractors • Staff costs – including drivers, guards, station staff, on-train staff, maintenance and back-office OWNING GROUPS Abellio (Nederlandse Spoorwegen) Arriva UK Trains (Deutsche Wholly owned: East Midlands Railway, Amey Bahn) ScotRail Part ownership: Greater Anglia, London Part ownership: Transport for Wales Rail Wholly owned: Chiltern Railways, Northwestern Railway, Merseyrail, CrossCountry, Grand Central, London Stansted Express (run by Greater Anglia), Overground (Arriva Rail London) West Midlands Railway FirstGroup DfT OLR Holdings Go-Ahead Group Wholly owned: Great Western Railway, Heathrow Express (run by GWR for Part ownership: Gatwick Express (GTR) Wholly owned: London North Eastern Heathrow Airport Holdings), Hull Trains, (run by Southern), Great Northern (GTR), Railway, Northern TransPennine Express Southeastern, Southern (GTR), Part ownership: Avanti West Coast, Island Thameslink (GTR) Line Trains, South Western Railway Mitsui & Co / East Japan Railway Keolis MTR Corporation Company partnership Part ownership: Gatwick Express (GTR), Wholly owned: TfL Rail Great Northern (GTR), Southeastern, Part ownership: Greater Anglia, London Part ownership: Island Line Trains, South Southern (GTR), Thameslink (GTR), Northwestern Railway, Stansted Express, Western Railway Transport for Wales Rail West Midlands Railway Serco Trenitalia Wholly owned: Caledonian Sleeper Wholly owned: c2c Part ownership: Merseyrail Part ownership: Avanti West Coast https://www.nationalrail.co.uk/stations_destinations/maps.aspx?_ga=2.224547996.729746246.1593505624-1196451535.1563441868 LONG DISTANCE TOCs Transport for Wales Rail operates a mix of long distance, regional and local rural services, both standard and first-class, in the Wales and Borders region. They service 10 key cities including Cardiff, Manchester, Liverpool and Birmingham, 4 airports & 3 ferry ports. Transport for Wales are also responsible for the South Wales Metro, which is transforming the services that operate around Cardiff and South East Wales. The Caledonian Sleeper Highland route runs to Fort William, Inverness, and Aberdeen. The Caledonian Sleeper Lowland route runs from London Euston to Glasgow Central or Edinburgh Waverley. CrossCountry operates a network covering more of the country than any other train company. Operating long distance services between Scotland and the North East of England through to the South West of England and Bournemouth. Services also operate between Birmingham, Leicester and Stansted Airport, Cardiff and Nottingham. East Midlands Railway operates train services between London, the East Midlands and Yorkshire (Leicester, Nottingham, Derby, Sheffield, Leeds) and central England services groups linking Nottingham, Derby, Worksop, Lincoln, Cleethorpes, Skegness, Leicester and Cambridge. Hull Trains is a open access operator and provides a limited number of through trains between London Kings Cross and Hull. Avanti West Coast operates services between Glasgow, North West England, North Wales, the West Midlands and London, and also between Birmingham and Glasgow/ Edinburgh. London North Eastern Railway operates long distance train services along the East Coast Main Line, linking London King's Cross, the East Midlands, Yorkshire and Humberside, North East England and Scotland. Grand Central is an open access operator which provides direct high speed train services along the North East route (between London Kings Cross and Sunderland), and the West Riding (Bradford Interchange and London Kings Cross). A further service on the North West (running between Blackpool North and London Euston) is also planned to launch. Great Western Railway operates high-speed train services between London Paddington, South Wales, the Cotswolds and the West Country. REGIONAL TOCs Merseyrail provides services between Liverpool and Southport, Ormskirk, Kirby, Hunts Cross, New Brighton, West Kirby, Chester and Ellesmere Port. ScotRail provides 95% of all passenger rail services within Scotland and has services to Carlisle and Newcastle. TransPennine Express operates predominantly long distance intercity services linking major cities across the North and into Scotland. Northern operates a range of inter-urban, commuter and rural services throughout the North of England. West Midlands Railway operates local metro services in the Birmingham and wider west Midlands area. LONDON & SOUTH EAST TOCs c2c operates an intensive, mainly commuter, service into London Fenchurch Street from south east Essex Greater Anglia operates mainline trains between London, Colchester, Ipswich and Norwich, as well as local trains across Norfolk, Suffolk and parts of Cambridgeshire and Hertfordshire. Gatwick Express is operated by Southern Railways and runs non-stop between Gatwick Airport and London Victoria every 15 minutes Heathrow Express operates dedicated high speed services between London Paddington and Heathrow Airport.