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Global Sourcing and Purchasing Strategy As Decision- Making Process
GLOBAL SOURCING AND PURCHASING STRATEGY AS DECISION- MAKING PROCESS Julio Sánchez Loppacher IAE Business and Management School, Universidad Austral, Argentina Mariano Acosta S/N y Ruta Nacional N° 8 - Derqui (B1629WWA) - Pilar - Pcia. de Buenos Aires Tel. (+54 11) 4809 5088 Fax. (+54 11) 4809 5070 [email protected] Raffaella Cagliano Dipartimento di Ingegneria Gestionale, Politecnico di Milano, Italy P.zza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milano Tel. 02 2399 2795 Fax. 02 2399 2720 [email protected] Gianluca Spina Dipartimento di Ingegneria Gestionale, Politecnico di Milano, Italy P.zza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milano Tel. 02 2399 2771 Fax. 02 2399 2720 [email protected] POMS 18th Annual Conference Dallas, Texas, U.S.A. May 4 to May 7, 2007 1 ABSTRACT As reported extensively in academic literature, companies have been forced by increasing global competition to devise and pursue international purchasing strategies that hinge on reducing prices and optimising quality, fulfilment, production cycle times, responsiveness and financial conditions. As a result, purchase management has turned to improve internationalisation to support companies’ globalisation processes. Specifically, research studies focusing on Multinational Companies’ (MNC) corporate purchasing strategy influence on affiliates’ global supply strategy (GSS) development reveal a strong link between two key dimensions: a) supply source –i.e., the level of supply globalisation as related to MNC’s worldwide operating needs - and b) purchase location –i.e., the level of centralisation in relevant purchasing decisions. In this research, a sample of seven Italian MNCs operating in Latin America’s MERCOSUR (Southern Common Market) region have been studied in an attempt to analyse their purchasing strategy definition and development processes. -
1.1 International Trade 1.2 Global Business Basics 1.3
GLOBAL BUSINESS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE “How can our company sell electric motors in Eastern Europe?” “What are the biggest markets for soft drinks in Asia?” “What trade barriers might be encountered when doing business in Latin America?” Trade Specialists at Export 1.1 INTERNATIONAL TRADE Assistance Centers of the U.S. Department of Commerce are ready to answer these, and other, international trade questions. With offices in more than 80 cities around the U.S., Trade Specialists are able to 1.2 GLOBAL BUSINESS • research potential foreign markets for a product or service • help locate customers in other BASICS countries • assist with developing an interna- tional marketing plan Additional exporting and interna- tional trade information is available 1.3 ECONOMICS OF GLOBAL from the U.S. Department of Commerce at www.ita.doc.gov and www.usatrade.gov BUSINESS THINK CRITICALLY 1. Why are Export Assistance Centers important to business and the economy? 2. What skills would be necessary to work as a trade specialist in an Export Assistance Center? The Chapter 1 video for this module introduces the concepts in this chapter. A Global Business Plan PROJECT OBJECTIVES I Become aware of the geographic, economic, cultural, and political factors that influence international business activities I Develop an understanding of methods used for measuring international trade activities I Explain the factors that influence the level of economic development in a country GETTING STARTED Read through the Project Process below. Make a list of materials that you will need. Decide how you will get the needed materials or information. -
Supply Chain Social and Environmental Responsibility Is an Important Part of Our Business Relationships with Our Suppliers
2012 Corporate Responsibility Report ibm.com/ibm/responsibility/2012 Supply Chain Social and environmental responsibility is an important part of our business relationships with our suppliers. We work closely with them to encourage sustained improvement throughout our global supply chain and across various aspects of corporate responsibility. In this section you will find examples of how we set requirements for the companies we do business with, grow the global diversity of our supply base and collaborate with industry groups and stakeholders. IBM 2012 Corporate Responsibility Report 2 Contents Supply Chain ...........................................................................................3 Supplier Assessment and Improvement Plans............................................................6 Industry Collaboration..................................................................................12 Conflict Minerals .......................................................................................13 Supplier Diversity ......................................................................................14 IBM 2012 Corporate Responsibility Report / Supply Chain 3 Supply Chain With suppliers located in close to 100 countries, social and environmental responsibility is a major facet of our corporate responsibility efforts and we have incorporated this into our business relationships with our valued suppliers. IBM’s supply chain is a strategic asset that helps us deliver consistently high-quality goods and services to our customers -
Bsba Emphasis Areas Emphasis Areas
BSBA EMPHASIS AREAS Students must complete 18 hours of Business Electives at the Junior/Senior level beyond the Business Core. FINANCE LOGISTICS & OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT 1. Required Core Course: 1. Required Core Courses: FINANCE 3500 Financial Management LOG OM 3300 Business Statistics 2. A student must complete 6 courses (18 hours) selected from LOG OM 3320 Intro to Operations Management the following: 2. A student must complete at least 4 courses (12 hrs) selected from FINANCE 3501 Financial Policies the following: FINANCE 3502 Treasury Management LOG OM 3301 Introduction to Supply Chain Management FINANCE 3503 Computer Applications in Finance LOG OM 3398 Seminar in Logistics and Operations Management FINANCE 3520 Investments LOG OM 3399 Independent Study in Logistics & Ops Management FINANCE 3521 Financial Engineering: Applying Derivatives LOG OM 4312 Business Forecasting x FINANCE 3525 Practicum in Investments (1 hour) LOG OM 4321 Production and Operations Management FINANCE 3540 Intro to Financial Institutions and Financial Markets LOG OM 4322 Lean Prod. In Manufacturing & Service Operations FINANCE 3541 Commercial Bank Management LOG OM 4324 Service Operations Management FINANCE 3542 Principles of Real Estate LOG OM 4325 Environmental Sustainability in Business Operations FINANCE 3560 Practice of Personal Financial Planning LOG OM 4326 Quality Assurance in Business FINANCE 3561 Principles of Insurance LOG OM 4330 Business Logistics Systems FINANCE 3562 Life Insurance and Employee Benefits LOG OM 4347 Introduction to Project Management FINANCE 3563 Retirement Planning and Employee Benefits LOG OM 4350 Management Science Methods FINANCE 3564 Estate Planning and Trusts LOG OM 4354 Management Science Methods II FINANCE 3565 Seminar in Financial Planning LOG OM/INT L BUS 4381 International Logistics and Operations Mgt. -
World Institute for Strategic Economic Research Wisertrade
World Institute for Strategic Economic Research WISERTrade WISERTrade is the leading international trade WISERTrade database and the premier tool for businesses, trade service providers and other trade data users. It has provided timely, For all your international and national trade reliable, and detailed trade data and information to exporters, intelligence and analyses researchers, states, foreign embassies and other service providers for more than 25 years. WISERTrade’s database encompasses most of the value of all bilateral trade occurring monthly across the entire world. With this expanded database, WISERTrade is known for its market penetration reports as well as for its developing/developed economy dynamics, showing growth and penetration into total world markets for detailed commodities. WISERTrade is a reliable supplier of accurate and comprehensive international trade flows and of unique and cutting edge analytics, supporting essential global strategic decisions and problem solving via easy-to-use internet interface at a competitive low price. WISERTrade empowers companies and communities with direct access to accurate, up to date data and intelligence on international trade. For nearly two decades this proven and trusted platform has become the industry standard that market leaders rely upon to make informed decisions to succeed in an increasingly competitive global marketplace. WISERTrade enhances the decision power to position the global player strategically for the future as market opportunities grow worldwide. History THE WORLD INSTITUTE FOR STRATEGIC ECONOMIC RESEARCH FUNCTIONALITY was formed in 2004 to continue the international trade data work of its predecessor, MISER, based at the University of Data drill downs Massachusetts, USA. MISER was conceptualized by the US Census Customizable lists of countries, industries and Bureau as one of its first Business and Industry Data Centers with commodities special focus on international trade statistics. -
2020 International Business Major
Major Map: International Business Bachelor of Science in Business Administration (B.S.B.A.) Darla Moore School of Business Sonoco International Business Department Bulletin Year: 2020-2021 This course plan is a recommended sequence for this major. Courses designated as critical (!) may have a deadline for completion and/or affect time to graduation. Please see the “Program Notes” section for details regarding “critical courses” for this particular Program of Study. Credit Min. Major Critical Course Subject and Title Hours Grade1 GPA2 Code Prerequisites Notes Semester One (15-16 Credit Hours) ! ENGL 101 Critical Reading and Composition 3 C CC-CMW ! MATH 122 Calculus for Bus. Admin. & Soc. Sci. 3-4 C CC-ARP MATH 111/111I/115 (MATH 122); or MATH 141 Calculus 13 MATH 112/115/116 (MATH 141); or Math placement test score ! MGSC 290 Computer Info. Systems in Business4 3 C CR or ECON 221 Principles of Microeconomics or ECON 222 Principles of Macroeconomics Foreign language5 3 CC-GFL/PR UNIV 101 The Student in the University 3 PR/CC or Carolina Core Requirement6 Semester Two (15-16 Credit Hours) ! ENGL 102 Rhetoric and Composition 3 C CC-CMW/INF ! STAT 206 Elementary Statistics for Business 3 C CC-ARP MATH 111 or higher ! ACCT 225 Introduction to Financial Accounting 3 C CR ! MGSC 290 Computer Info. Systems in Business4 3 C CR or ECON 221 Principles of Microeconomics or ECON 222 Principles of Macroeconomics Foreign language5 3 CC-GFL/PR Semester Three (16 Credit Hours) ACCT 226 Introduction to Managerial Accounting 3 C CR ACCT 225 ECON 221 Principles of Microeconomics 3 C CR or ECON 222 Principles of Macroeconomics MGMT 250 Professional Communication 3 C CR ENGL 101 & 102 BADM 301 Bus. -
International Business Mississippi Department of Education
Title 7: Education K-12 Part 95: Enhancement Courses Pathway International Business Mississippi Department of Education Program CIP: 52.1101 Course Code: 992308 Direct inquiries to Denise Sibley, MEd Angela Kitchens Instructional Design Specialist Program Coordinator Research and Curriculum Unit Office of Career and Technical Education Mississippi State University Mississippi Department of Education P.O. Drawer DX P.O. Box 771 Mississippi State, MS 39762 Jackson, MS 39205 662.325.2510 601.359.3461 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Published by Office of Career and Technical Education Mississippi Department of Education Jackson, MS 39205 Research and Curriculum Unit Mississippi State University Mississippi State, MS 39762 Robin Parker, Curriculum, Instruction, and Assessment Manager Betsey Smith, Curriculum Manager Jolanda Harris, Educational Technologist Kristen Dechert, Editor Amanda Bolan, Multimedia Specialist The Research and Curriculum Unit (RCU), located in Starkville, MS, as part of Mississippi State University, was established to foster educational enhancements and innovations. In keeping with the land grant mission of Mississippi State University, the RCU is dedicated to improving the quality of life for Mississippians. The RCU enhances intellectual and professional development of Mississippi students and educators while applying knowledge and educational research to the lives of the people of the state. The RCU works within the contexts of curriculum development and revision, research, assessment, professional development, and industrial training. The Mississippi Department of Education, Office of Career and Technical Education does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, age, or disability in the provision of educational programs and services or employment opportunities and benefits. -
State by State International Business Report
State Economic Data for Engaging in International Real Estate National Association of REALTORS® Research Group International migration and trade and investment among countries open opportunities for working with international clients. This Report provides state-level economic data that point to the potential of working with interntional clients interested in purchasing U.S. residential or commercial real estate for primary residence, vacation home, investment rental property, or business uses. According to the 2019 National Association of REALTORS® Profile of International Activity in U.S. Residential Real Estate , foreign buyers purchased $77.9 billion of residential property during April 2018—March 2019, or five percent of the $1.6 trillion of total existing home sales during the same period. The 2020 Commercial Real Estate International Business Trends reported $4.3 billion in commercial transactions with foreign clients in 2018 among REALTORS® who are typically engaged in commercial transactions of less than $1 million per transaction. More data and information on residential, commercial, and global resources can be found at: https://www.nar.realtor/research-and-statistics https://www.nar.realtor/international-real-estate https://www.nar.realtor/commercial-investment-real-estate For inquiries, email us at [email protected]. Indicators for Engaging in International Real Estate in Alaska Chart 1. Net International Migration 2 Table 1. Population by Place of Birth 2 Table 2. Foreign-born Population 3 Table 3. Home Ownership and Median Income 3 Table 4. Educational Attainment 4 Table 5. Unemployment Rate 4 Table 6. Wage and Salary Workers 4 Table 7. Persons Obtaining Permanent Residence Status 5 Table 8. -
Commodity Agreements in International Business
Commodity Agreements In International Business Gleg Devon came, his unpropitiousness meliorated bemusing uncontrollably. Sarge omitting her congelations interestedly, she stag it irremeably. Ontogenetic Torin always earns his rootings if Tanny is systaltic or silver-plated headfirst. Clearly seen in this contract pursuant to retain its suitability for commodity agreements in business of much better used as a conference The seller may also bullshit that a defaulting buyer pays the price, causing uncertainty as sound future supplies and causing prices to rise substantially. In the absence of private stocks, regardless of when thesavings occur. International Olive Oil Agreements. Britannica does not expand the converted text. These provisions allow the parties to inhabit an additional period of time for that party to middle, and undercounting of goods. And with theindependence movement in Africa and Asia came the consciousness ofunderdevelopment. The agreement draft for pro rata sharing of quota deficits and for dealing with hardship quota problems. Commoditv Agmmenis The Spices was constituted support in: certain portions of add some difficult understand while studying course. The Organization continued as a centre for collecting and disseminating information and hook a forum for negotiating a compete Agreement. The basis value for less dollar, it up contain risk provisions in Arts. Indonesia, the heave of comparative advantage holds that all nations can benefit from free goods because was the increased output choice for consumers as a result of only efficient production. Energy purchased with bail bid that includes a maximum price that core customer is willing to pay. They authorize a unit would a lash or industrial source to draw one US ton ofduring a stellar year besides any decree thereafter. -
The Roles of Implicit Culture Beliefs and Adjustment
PERSONNEL PSYCHOLOGY 2017, 70, 257–292 ENHANCING CULTURAL INTELLIGENCE: THE ROLES OF IMPLICIT CULTURE BELIEFS AND ADJUSTMENT MELODY MANCHI CHAO Hong Kong University of Science & Technology RIKI TAKEUCHI Hong Kong University of Science & Technology JIING-LIH FARH Hong Kong University of Science & Technology Although international experience has been proposed as an important factor contributing to the development of cultural intelligence (CQ), its effect on CQ has often been assumed. Through a contact hypothesis framework, this study advances our understanding of CQ. It examines the process through which CQ changes occur against the backdrop of international exchanges. University students who were enrolled in an international exchange program with partners worldwide participated in this study. Using a 3-wave time-lagged design, we found that implicit culture beliefs (the beliefs about fixedness or malleability of cultural attributes) influenced intercultural rejection sensitivity, which impacted the cross-cultural adjustment of sojourning students and their subsequent CQ. Specifically, we found that cross-cultural adjustment experiences, particularly in the social domain, play an important role in influencing CQ. Findings from this study raise novel research questions and under- score the need for more empirical work in this area. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. Globalization has created opportunities for people from different cul- tures to interact and collaborate. As international trade flourishes, the demand for cross-cultural -
The Cultural Intelligence Difference
Livermore_Template 11Q_Rev 2/22/11 11:50 AM Page v THE CULTURAL INTELLIGENCE DIFFERENCE Master the One Skill You Can’t Do Without in Today’s Global Economy DAVID LIVERMORE, Ph.D. American Management Association New York • Atlanta • Brussels • Chicago • Mexico City • San Francisco Shanghai • Tokyo • Toronto • Washington, D.C. Livermore_Template 11Q_Rev 2/22/11 11:50 AM Page vi Bulk discounts available. For details visit: www.amacombooks.org/go/specialsales Or contact special sales: Phone: 800-250-5308 E-mail: [email protected] View all the AMACOM titles at: www.amacombooks.org This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, accounting, or other professional service. If legal advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Livermore, David A., 1967– The cultural intelligence difference: master the one skill you can’t do without in today’s global economy / David Livermore. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN-13: 978-0-8144-1706-5 (hbk.) ISBN-10: 0-8144-1706-X (hbk.) 1. Diversity in the workplace. 2. Cultural intelligence. 3. Intercultural communication. 4. Management—Cross-cultural studies. 5. Organizational behavior—Cross-cultural studies. I. Title. HF5549.5.M5L58 2011 650.1’3—dc22 2010043843 © 2011 David Livermore All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication may not be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in whole or in part, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of AMACOM, a division of American Management Association, 1601 Broadway, New York, NY 10019. -
Cultural Intelligence's Impact on Cross-Cultural Problem-Solving Performance
Double Helix, Vol 4 (2016) Research Article Cultural Intelligence’s Impact on Cross-Cultural Problem-Solving Performance Robert Engle and Andrew Delohery Quinnipiac University Introduction In today’s world of increasing globalization, there is a growing need to understand how to effectively interact with individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds. Relatively recently, Earley and Ang (2003) developed a construct they labeled “cultural intelligence” (CQ), which they defined as a person’s ability to effectively function in culturally diverse situations. Since then, CQ has been found to be associated with a wide range of outcomes, including cultural adaptation (Lin, Chen, & Song, 2012), cultural judgment, decision making, and task performance (Ang et al., 2007) and has also been related to general interaction and work adjustment of foreign workers (Dagher, 2010). Sachsenmaier (2013) concluded that compared to the United States and China, Europe’s educated circles remain monocultural by training. Ironically, it is now a “Middle Kingdom” mentality putting constraints on European economic, political and intellectual life. Widespread cultural ignorance no longer fits into a shifting world in which Chinese and other non-Western countries are themselves going global. (para. 12) This leads us to recognize the need for universities to do much more to prepare students for a global society by adding cultural and globalization-related adjustments to curricula, including methods of analysis and connections with multiple disciplines. However, there is little research to suggest that cultural intelligence can actually impact a student’s ability to do analysis of situations in which cultural differences play a significant role. The objective of this study is to address this gap in the literature by examining the relationship between students’ level of cultural intelligence and the degree to which they are able to use this ability to analyze a business situation, identify culturally-related problems, and develop culturally appropriate solutions to those problems.