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Home , Black turnstone, English sole, Humboldt Bay, Sailfin sculpin

U.S. & Wildlife Service Humboldt Bay National Wildlife Refuge Watchable Wildlife Historically, Humboldt habitats. Tidal flats, Bay’s bountiful waters Humboldtsalt , andBay fresh and boasted Nationalwater wetlands Wildlife teem the largest population Refugewith shore and water of black brant on ; tens of thousands the west coast of the Watchablecan be seen Wildlife feeding United States. Today, on the mudflats at impressive numbers of low tide, or taking to migratory waterbird the sky in seemingly still depend on choreographed motion. these rich and diverse Introduction List Key

Welcome Humboldt Bay National Wildlife Season Symbols Sp - Spring, March through May Refuge was established on the S - Summer, June through August northern coast of to HumboldtF - Fall, September through Bay provide almost 3,000 acres of rich November and diverse habitat vital for birds NationalW Wildlife - Winter, December through migrating along the Pacific Flyway. February The mild, rainy climate combines with diverse habitats to create Refuge ideal resting and foraging areas for Abundance a - abundant – a common species migratory birds. A variety of other Symbols which is very numerous fish and wildlife also live on and c - common – certain to be seen in around the refuge. Watchable suitable habitatWildlife u - uncommon – present, but not Enjoying the You will be most successful at viewing certain to be seen Refuge’s Wildlife wild in their natural habitats o - occasional – seen only a few using binoculars or a spotting scope times during a season to observe from a distance. Your r - rare – known to be present, but chances of seeing wildlife are best in not every year the winter and spring. * - birds known to nest locally

Please respect closure signs. Portions of the refuge are closed to the public General Habitat M - marine – ocean, bays, and to protect wildlife from disturbance. Symbols These areas are identified in the IM - intertidal mudflats General Brochure and on orientation BD - beaches and dunes panels at the two trailheads. CL - coastal lowlands FW - freshwater, including lakes, Using This This list includes most species of ponds, and streams Wildlife List birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, R - riparian and fish found in the vicinity of B - brush Humboldt Bay. It covers all lands F - forests of the Humboldt Bay area up to the first ridgeline. This includes the Credits The information in this list was cities of Arcata and Eureka; north obtained from many individuals and south spits and jetties; Arcata and references. In particular, we Bottoms; Arcata and Wildlife synthesized information from Sanctuary; Samoa Dunes Recreation Northwestern California Birds by Area; the , Fay , and Stanley W. Harris (Humboldt State Elk River State Wildlife Areas; and University Press, 1991) and The Pacific Ocean waters to a distance Ecology of Humboldt Bay by Roger A. observable by spotting scope. Barnhart, Milton J. Boyd, and John E. Pequenat (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Biological Report 1, 1992). Greater Scaup The draft list was reviewed by Dr. Mark Colwell, Elias Elias, Dr. Stanley Harris, and Dr. Paul Springer.

Special thanks to the Redwood

©Larry Eifert Region Audubon Society for its contribution to this brochure. Wildlife of Humboldt Bay NWR Common Name Habitat Sp S F W Common Name Habitat Sp S F W Waterfowl BIRDS Tundra Swan CL o o c Greater White-fronted Goose CL o o o Loons Snow Goose CL o o r Red-throated Loon M c o c c Ross’ Goose CL r r r Pacific Loon M c r c u Emperor Goose M/CL r Common Loon M c u u c Brant M a u u c Yellow-billed Loon M r Canada Goose *Western CL a a a a Grebes Aleutian CL u o u o * Pied-billed Grebe FW/M u u u u * Wood Duck FW/R o o o o Horned Grebe FW/M c r c c Green-winged Teal CL/M c o c c Red-necked Grebe M/FW u r u u * Mallard CL/FW c c c c Eared Grebe FW/M c c c Northern Pintail CL c r c c * Western Grebe M c u c c Blue-winged Teal CL u o o r Clark’s Grebe M o o o * Cinnamon Teal CL c c c u Tubenoses * Northern Shoveler CL/FW c r c c Northern Fulmar M r o r * Gadwall CL/M u o u u Pink-footed Shearwater M r r o r Eurasian Wigeon CL/M r o o Sooty Shearwater M o o r r American Wigeon CL/M c r c c Short-tailed Shearwater M r r Canvasback M r r u u Redhead M o r o u Pelicans, Cormorants, Ring-necked Duck FW/M o o o and Frigatebirds Waterfowl, continued next page American White Pelican M r r Brown Pelican M o c c o * Double-crested Cormorant M/FW c c c c Brandt’s Cormorant M c c c r Great Egret Pelagic Cormorant M c c c c Magnificent Frigatebird M r r

Bitterns, Herons, and Egrets American Bittern FW/CL o o o o * Great Blue Heron CL/FW c c c c * Great Egret CL/FW c c c c * Snowy Egret CL/FW c c c c * Cattle Egret CL c r c c * Green-backed Heron FW/R u u u o * Black-crowned Night-Heron CL c c c c

Ibises ©Larry Eifert White-faced Ibis CL r r Common Name Habitat Sp S F W Common Name Habitat Sp S F W

Waterfowl, continued Sora FW u o u u Tufted Duck M/FW r r r Common Moorhen FW r r r Greater Scaup M/FW c o c c * American Coot FW c c c c Lesser Scaup M/FW c o c c Harlequin Duck M r r o Cranes Oldsquaw M r r o o Sandhill Crane CL r r r Black Scoter M o o u Plovers Surf Scoter M c r c a Black-bellied Plover CL/IM c u c c White-winged Scoter M c r c c Lesser Golden-Plover CL/IM o u o Common Goldeneye M/FW o o u * Snowy Plover BD u o u u Barrow’s Goldeneye M/FW r Semipalmated Plover IM/CL c o c c Bufflehead M/FW c r c c * Killdeer CL/FW c c c c Hooded Merganser FW o o o Mountain Plover CL r r Common Merganser FW u u u u Red-breasted Merganser M/FW c c c Oystercatchers * Ruddy Duck M/FW c u c c Black Oystercatcher M r r r r

Vultures Stilts and Avocets Turkey Vulture CL/F c c c u * Black-necked Stilt IM/FW r r r r * American Avocet IM/FW c r c c Osprey, Kites, Hawks, and Eagles Shorebirds * Osprey F/FW c c c u Greater Yellowlegs FW/IM c o c c * White-tailed Kite CL c c c c Lesser Yellowlegs FW/IM o o c o Bald Eagle F/CL o o o Solitary CL o o * Northern Harrier CL c u c c Willet IM/CL c u c c Sharp-shinned Hawk F c u c c Wandering Tattler M u o u o * Cooper’s Hawk F u u u u * Spotted Sandpiper FW u u u u * Red-shouldered Hawk R/CL c c c c Shorebirds, continued next page * Red-tailed Hawk CL/F c c c c Ferruginous Hawk F r r o Rough-legged Hawk CL u c

Falcons * American Kestrel CL c c c c Merlin CL u u u Peregrine Falcon CL u o u u Prairie Falcon CL o o

Gallinaceous Birds Dunlin * California Quail B c c c c

Rails ©Larry Eifert * Virginia Rail FW c c c c Common Name Habitat Sp S F W Common Name Habitat Sp S F W

Shorebirds, continued Snipe Whimbrel CL c o c u Common Snipe CL c r c c Long-billed CL/IM u o u u Marbled IM/CL a o a a Ruddy BD u r u u Wilson’s M o r o Black Turnstone BD c r c c Red-necked Phalarope M c r c Surfbird BD c c c Red Phalarope M/CL o o Red Knot IM/CL u u r Jaegers Sanderling BD c c c Pomarine Jaeger M o r c r Semipalmated Sandpiper CL/FW o Parasitic Jaeger M r r c r Western Sandpiper IM/CL a o a c Long-tailed Jaeger M o Least Sandpiper IM/CL c o c c Baird’s Sandpiper BD r u Gulls and Terns Pectoral Sandpiper CL/FW r u Franklin’s Gull M r o r Sharp-tailed Sandpiper CL/FW r Bonaparte’s Gull M/CL c o c o Rock Sandpiper M r r o Heermann’s Gull M r c c r Dunlin IM/CL a r a a Mew Gull M c r c c Stilt Sandpiper CL o Ring-billed Gull M/CL c c c c Buff-breasted Sandpiper CL r California Gull M/CL c c c c Ruff CL r Herring Gull M u u u Short-billed IM/CL c r c u Thayer’s Gull M o o o Long-billed Dowitcher IM/CL c c c Western Gull M c c c c Glaucous-winged Gull M c u c c Glaucous Gull M o Black-legged Kittiwake M u u u Sabine’s Gull M r r * Caspian Tern M c u c c Elegant Tern M u u Common Tern M c r c Arctic Tern M o Forster’s Tern M u r c u Western Black Tern M/FW r r

Sandpiper Seabirds Common Murre M o c c o Pigeon Guillemot M u u u r Marbled Murrelet M o u u r Ancient Murrelet M r Cassin’s Auklet M o o o o Seabirds, continued next page

©Larry Eifert Common Name Habitat Sp S F W Common Name Habitat Sp S F W

Seabirds, continued Rhinoceros Auklet M o o o o Nightjars Tufted Puffin M r r * Common Nighthawk CL u u Horned Puffin M r r r Common Poorwill F/CL r r

Doves and Pigeons Swifts * Rock Dove CL u u u u Black Swift CL/F o r * Band-tailed Pigeon F c c c o Vaux’s Swift CL c c c r White-winged Dove F r * Mourning Dove F/CL c c c u Hummingbirds * Anna’s Hummingbird R/F c c c c Owls Costa’s Hummingbird R/F r r r * Barn Owl CL c c c c Calliope Hummingbird F r r * Western Screech-Owl CL/F c c c c Rufous Hummingbird R/F c r * Great Horned Owl F c c c c * Allen’s Hummingbird CL c c c Snowy Owl CL r r * Northern Pygmy-Owl F u u u u Kingfishers Burrowing Owl CL o o o * Belted Kingfisher FW/R c c c c Spotted Owl F o o Woodpeckers Long-eared Owl CL r Lewis’ Woodpecker F r * Short-eared Owl CL u o u c Acorn Woodpecker F/CL r r Northern Saw-whet Owl CL o o o o Yellow-bellied Sapsucker F r r r Red-naped Sapsucker F r r r * Red-breasted Sapsucker F/R u u u u * Downy Woodpecker F/R c c c c * Hairy Woodpecker F c c c c * Northern Flicker F/CL c c c c Barn Owl * Pileated Woodpecker F o o o o

Flycatchers * Olive-sided Flycatcher F c c c * Western Wood-Pewee F/R c c c Flycatcher R/CL o o o Least Flycatcher R/CL r Dusky Flycatcher F/CL r r Gray Flycatcher B r * Pacific Slope Flycatcher B/F c c c * Black Phoebe R/CL c c c c Say’s Phoebe R r r r Ash-throated Flycatcher CL o o r

©Larry Eifert Flycatchers, continued next page Common Name Habitat Sp S F W Common Name Habitat Sp S F W

Flycatchers, continued Kinglets, Bluebirds, Tropical Kingbird CL o r and Thrushes Western Kingbird CL u u Ruby-crowned Kinglet B/R c c c Eastern Kingbird CL r r r Golden-crowned Kinglet F c c c c Blue-gray Gnatcatcher R/CL r r r r Larks Western Bluebird R o o Horned Lark CL o o o Mountain Bluebird F/CL r r Swallows Townsend’s Solitaire F/CL r r Swainson’s Thrush CL/R c c c Purple Martin CL/FW o o Hermit Thrush F/CL c c c * Tree Swallow CL/FW c c c r American Robin CL c c c c * Violet-green Swallow CL/FW c c c r Varied Thrush F c c c c * Northern Rough-winged Swallow CL c c c

Bank Swallow CL/FW o o Mockingbirds and Thrashers * Cliff Swallow CL c c c Northern Mockingbird CL u u u * Barn Swallow CL c c c r Sage Thrasher CL r r r

Jays and Crows Pipits * Steller’s Jay F c c c c American Pipit BD/CL c c c * Scrub Jay B/CL r * American Crow CL/F c c c c Waxwings * Common Raven CL/F c c c c Bohemian Waxwing F r * Cedar Waxwing R/CL c u c r Wrentits Wrentit B c c c c Shrikes Northern Shrike CL/BD o o o Chickadees Loggerhead Shrike CL r r r * Black-capped Chickadee F u u u u Mountain Chickadee F r r Starlings * Chestnut-backed Chickadee F c c c c * European Starling CL/R a c a a

Bushtits Vireos * Bushtit B u u u u * Solitary Vireo F u u u r * Hutton’s Vireo B/F c c c c Creepers * Warbling Vireo F/R c c c * Brown Creeper F u u u u Red-eyed Vireo CL/R r r

Nuthatches Warblers Red-breasted Nuthatch F/CL o r Tennessee Warbler R o o o Wrens * Orange-crowned Warbler R c c c u * Bewick’s Wren B/R c c c c Nashville Warbler F/R c c c o * House Wren B/BD c c c r Virginia’s Warbler BD/R r * Winter Wren F c c c c Northern Parula R r r * Marsh Wren FW c c c c * Yellow Warbler R c c c r Warblers, continured next page Common Name Habitat Sp S F W Common Name Habitat Sp S F W

Warblers, continued White-throated Sparrow CL o o o Chestnut-sided Warbler R r o r Golden-crowned Sparrow B/R u u c Magnolia Warbler R r r * White-crowned Sparrow CL/B c c c c Cape May Warbler BD/R r r Harris’ Sparrow CL r r r Black-throated Blue Warbler R r * Dark-eyed Junco F c c c c * Yellow-rumped Warbler F/R c u c c Lapland Longspur CL o o o Black-throated Gray Warbler R c c c r Chestnut-collared Longspur CL r r Townsend’s Warbler F c c c Snow Bunting CL r r * Hermit Warbler F u u u Blackburnian Warbler F r Blackbirds, Meadowlarks, Yellow-throated Warbler F/R r and Orioles Prairie Warbler R/BD r r r Bobolink CL r r Palm Warbler BD/R u u u * Red-winged Blackbird CL c c c c Bay-breasted Warbler R r r Tricolored Blackbird CL r r r Blackpoll Warbler R r o * Western Meadowlark CL/BD c c c c Black-and-white Warbler R o r o o Yellow-headed Blackbird CL o o r American Redstart R r r r r Rusty Blackbird CL r Prothonotary Warbler R r * Brewer’s Blackbird CL c c c c Ovenbird R r r * Brown-headed Cowbird R c c c u Northern Waterthrush R r o r Orchard Oriole CL r r MacGillivray’s Warbler R u u u * Hooded Oriole CL/R o o o Common Yellowthroat R u u u r * Northern Oriole CL/R c c c r

Hooded Warbler R r r Finches Wilson’s Warbler R c c c r * Purple Finch F/R c c c c Yellow-breasted Chat R o o o * House Finch CL/R c c c c

Sparrows * Red Crossbill F/BD u u u u * Rufous-sided Towhee B c c c c * Pine Siskin F/R c c c c California Towhee B r r r * Lesser Goldfinch CL/B c c c u American Tree Sparrow CL/B r r * American Goldfinch CL/B c c c c * Chipping Sparrow B u u u * Evening Grosbeak F u u u u

Clay-colored Sparrow B/CL o r Weavers Finches Brewer’s Sparrow B r r * House Sparrow CL c c c c Vesper Sparrow CL o r o r Lark Sparrow CL o r Dippers Lark Bunting CL r * American Dipper F r r r r * Savannah Sparrow CL c c c c Grasshopper Sparrow CL r r r Sharp-tailed Sparrow CL r r r Fox Sparrow B u u u * Song Sparrow B/CL c c c c Lincoln’s Sparrow CL u c u Swamp Sparrow CL o o o Common Name Common Name

MAMMALS Virginia Oppossum Meadow Mouse Pacific Shrew California Meadow Mouse Vagrant Shrew Black Rat Marsh Shrew House Mouse Trowbridge Shrew Porcupine Townsend Mole Porpoise Coast Mole California Lion Fringed Myotis Coyote Gray Fox Black Bear Raccoon Mink River Otter Long-tailed Weasel Striped Skunk Spotted Skunk River Otter Mountain Lion Bobcat Black-tailed Deer

AMPHIBIANS Western Toad Pacific Treefrog Red-legged Frog ©Larry Eifert Bullfrog Northwestern Salamander Pacific Giant Salamander California Myotis Rough-skinned Newt Hairy-winged Myotis Long-eared Myotis Yuma Myotis REPTILES Western Fence Lizard Big Brown Bat Northern Alligator Lizard Lump-nosed Bat Western Skink Black-tailed Hare Gopher Snake Brush Rabbit Common Garter Snake Beechey Ground Squirrel Western Terrestrial Garter Snake Botta’s Pocket Gopher Western Aquatic Garter Snake Western Harvest Mouse Northwestern Garter Snake Deer Mouse Rubber Boa Dusky-footed Wood Rat Western Yellow-bellied Racer Long-tailed Meadow Mouse California Kingsnake Reptiles, continued next page Common Name Common Name

Reptiles, continued Fluffy Western Rattlesnake Cabezon Western Pond Turtle Giant Wrymouth California Calico Surfperch Soupfin Shark FISH Redtail Surfperch Brown Smoothhound Shiner Surfperch Pile Seaperch Ratfish Striped Seaperch Spotfin Surfperch Sevengill Shark Walleye Surfperch Bat Ray Silver Surfperch Big Skate White Surfperch Spiny Dogfish Northern Anchovy Green Sturgeon Pacific Tomcod Pygmy Poacher Tubesnout Tubenose Poacher Pricklebreast Poacher Pacific Sand Lance Wolf-eel Topsmelt Jacksmelt Pacific Sanddab Speckled Sanddab California Medusafish Threespine Stickleback American Shad Arrow Goby Blackeye Goby Threadfin Shad Tidewater Goby Padded Sculpin Bay Goby Scalyhead Sculpin Benttooth Bonehead Sculpin Bristlemouth Rosylip Sculpin Kelp Greenling Silverspotted Sculpin Rock Greenling Sharpnose Sculpin Lingcod Coast Range Sculpin Painted Greenling Prickly Sculpin Slipskin Snailfish Buffalo Sculpin Showy Snailfish Red Irish Lord Ringtail Snailfish Brown Irish Lord Louvar Pacific Staghorn Sculpin Ocean Sunfish Sailfin Sculpin Northern Lampfish Fish, continued next page Common Name Notes

Fish, continued Blue Lanternfish Yellow Snake Eel Spotted Cusk-eel Whitebait Smelt Surf Smelt Night Smelt Logfin Smelt Eulachon Striped Bass Giant Sea Bass Penpoint Gunnel Saddleback Gunnel Butter Black Dover Sole Brant English Sole Starry C-O Sole Curlfin Sole ©Larry Eifert Sand Sole Coho Cutthroat Trout White Seabass White Croaker Brown Rockfish Copper Rockfish Yellowtail Rockfish Black Rockfish Vermilion Rockfish Blue Rockfish Bocaccio Grass Rockfish High Cockscomb Monkeyface Prickleback Decorated Warbonnet Snake Prickleback Pacific Pompano Bay Pipefish King-of-the-Salmon Pacific Sandfish Humboldt Bay National Wildlife Refuge 1020 Ranch Road Loleta, California 95551 Telephone: 707/733-5406 FAX: 707/733-1946

U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service http://www.fws.gov

Refuge Information 1 800/344 WILD

Cover photo marbled Inside cover photo black brants © Gary Kramer Illustrations © Larry Eifert

August 1999