Humboldt County Coastal Agricultural Lands
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NORTH COAST FARMLAND CONSERVATION STUDY: HUMBOLDT COUNTY COASTAL AGRICULTURAL LANDS PREPARED BY THE: NORTHCOAST REGIONAL LANDTRUST June 2005 NORTH COAST FARMLAND CONSERVATION STUDY: HUMBOLDT COUNTY COASTAL AGRICULTURAL LANDS June 2005 Produced by: Ben Morehead, Projects Manager Northcoast Regional Land Trust P.O. Box 398 Bayside, CA 95570 707-822-2242 www.ncrlt.org Project Funding: Provided through a planning grant by the California Farmland Conservancy Program, CA Department of Conservation 801 K. Street, MS 18-01 Sacramento, CA 95814 916-324-0850 www.consrv.ca.gov Cover photo: Mad River winding through the Arcata Bottoms, unincorporated town of McKinleyville in background; Courtesy of Humboldt County Farm Bureau NRLT Mission Statement The Northcoast Regional Land Trust is dedicated to the protection of working landscapes, farms, forests and grazing lands, and to the preservation and protection of land for its natural, educational, scenic and historic values. We work with landowners on a voluntary basis to promote stewardship of Northern California's healthy and productive resource base, natural systems and quality of life. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST of MAPS and TABLES.........................................................................................1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................2 PURPOSE and INTRODUCTION.................................................................................7 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................8 STUDY AREA and GIS MAPPING SOURCES .........................................................12 RESULTS .....................................................................................................................13 Conservation Opportunities ..........................................................................................13 Conversion Threats .......................................................................................................15 Agricultural Production Zones......................................................................................18 CONCLUSIONS and RECOMMENDATIONS ..........................................................30 Agricultural Conservation Easements......................................................................31 Recommendations for Local Government...............................................................32 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................35 LIST OF MAPS AND TABLES MAPS Map Page 1 Conservation Opportunities ....................................................................4 2 Agricultural Soils and Zoning.................................................................5 3 Opportunities and Threats.......................................................................6 3a Agricultural Production Zone: Eel River Bottoms ..........................24 3b Agricultural Production Zone: Elk River.........................................25 3c Agricultural Production Zone: Freshwater and Jacoby Creek.........26 3d Agricultural Production Zone: Arcata Bottoms...............................27 3e Agricultural Production Zone: Blue Lake to Little River ...............28 3f Agricultural Production Zone: Orick Valley ...................................29 TABLES Table Page 1 Strategic Conservation Areas (SCA) ....................................................13 2 Agricultural Soils in SCA: Storie Index Rating....................................15 3 Principal Threat Factors in SCAs .........................................................16 4 Extended Threat Factors .......................................................................17 5 Small Parcels within Agriculture Exclusive Zoning.............................17 6 Agricultural Production Zone SCAs.....................................................18 7 Williamson Act Preserves in SCAs ......................................................19 8 Agricultural Production Zone, Agricultural Soils.................................20 9 APZs: Principal Threat Factors in Strategic Conservation Areas.........21 10 APZ Agricultural Zoning, Small Parcel Threat ....................................22 11 Land Ownership within APZs ..............................................................23 1 NORTHCOAST REGIONAL LAND TRUST NORTH COAST FARMLAND CONSERVATION STUDY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This North Coast Farmland Conservation Study, conducted by the Northcoast Regional Land Trust, assesses the conservation opportunities and land use conversion threats on Humboldt County coastal agricultural lands. Focusing on bottomlands along the Eel River, Mad River, greater Humboldt Bay and Redwood Creek, data from Humboldt County’s Geographic Information System (GIS) mapping database were used to develop maps that present current agricultural resources and land use planning features. The map components, or layers, were analyzed to generate the farmland conservation target areas and associated results presented in this report. The report highlights the critical mass of functioning agricultural lands currently sustaining our local agricultural industry and economy. Non-agricultural land conversion threats emphasize land use planning factors and zoning ordinances. In summary, over 64,000 acres of agricultural lands are highlighted as agricultural conservation opportunity areas, or ‘Strategic Conservation Areas’ (SCA) (Map 1). Approximately 34,000 SCA acres are located within non-agricultural land conversion threat areas. These agricultural conservation opportunity areas and land conversion threat areas create a baseline for prioritizing private agricultural land conservation projects and developing county programs and policies. Report results are grouped into six ‘Agricultural Production Zones’ (APZ). These APZs were created for descriptive purposes, based on geographic features, and are used to further define mapping analysis results into focus areas. The APZs include: (a) Eel River Bottoms: Ferndale, Fortuna, Loleta and surroundings (b) Elk River: lower Elk River watershed (c) Freshwater and Jacoby Creek: lower Freshwater Creek and Jacoby Creek (d) Arcata Bottoms: Mad River floodplain west of Arcata (e) Blue Lake to Little River: Blue Lake, Fieldbrook, McKinleyville and surroundings (f) Orick Valley: lower Redwood Creek bottomlands Agricultural land use, agricultural zoning and soil productivity are the primary components that delineate the Strategic Conservation Areas (Map 2). This includes existing agricultural lands zoned by Humboldt County as Agriculture Exclusive, and adjacent agricultural lands zoned Agriculture General or Unclassified with a soil Storie Index Rating (SIR) of 60 or higher (prime and most productive soils). The Strategic Conservation Areas includes 59,159 acres of agricultural lands zoned Agriculture Exclusive, of which 27,502 acres are considered prime and productive soils. Also included are 3,410 acres of adjacent Agriculture General zoned lands and 1,755 acres of Unclassified zoned lands with prime and productive soils. Total SCA acreage includes approximately 7,557 acres of farms in Williamson Act agricultural preserves (Table 1). These are Humboldt County’s best agricultural soils in large and interconnected acres. The existing dairies, pastures, farms and agricultural production infrastructure create the critical mass of agricultural lands necessary to sustain a commercial agricultural industry and economy in Humboldt County. SCA acreage ranges from over 45,000 acres in the Eel River Bottoms APZ to 776 acres in the Orick Valley APZ. 2 NORTHCOAST REGIONAL LAND TRUST NORTH COAST FARMLAND CONSERVATION STUDY Table 1: Strategic Conservation Areas Strategic Conservation Area (SCA) Total Acreage 64,324 Agriculture Exclusive (AE) Zoning Acres 59,159 AE Acres in SIR > 60 27,502 Agriculture General (AG) / Unclassified (U) Zoning Acres in SIR >60 5,165 % SCA in SIR > 60 51% Williamson Act (WA) Preserves in SCA 45 WA Acres in SCA 7,557 WA Acres in SIR > 60 3,197 Land conversion threat areas (Map 3) include factors that could potentially allow for non- agricultural land conversion within the SCA lands. These include local government land use planning jurisdictions and zoning ordinances deemed more allowable for future land conversion. It is assumed that SCA lands adjacent to lands used for non-agricultural purposes are more threatened with land use conversion. Principal land use conversion threats include a one-half mile buffer within and around city spheres of influence, a one- half mile buffer around select sections of Highway 101, lands within existing water service district boundaries, and agricultural lands outside of the federally designated 100- year floodplain (null flood hazard, more developable). These threats pose an immediate and or future risk to maintaining commercial agricultural production. Based on the above threat criteria, 33,582 acres, or 52%, of the total 64,324 SCA acres are deemed threatened. This includes 21,877 acres of SCA agricultural land outside of the designated 100-year floodplain, 13,388 acres of SCA lands located within one-half mile of city sphere of influence boundaries, 7,403 acres located within water and sewer service district boundaries, and 4,088 acres located within a one-half mile portion of Highway 101. Some of the SCA lands contain more than one threat. Results from this study will be used by the Northcoast