Impact Van Dopingperceptie Op Sponsoring Van Belgische Worldtour Wielerploegen: Een Kwalitatief Onderzoek

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Impact Van Dopingperceptie Op Sponsoring Van Belgische Worldtour Wielerploegen: Een Kwalitatief Onderzoek VAKGROEP BEWEGINGS- EN SPORTWETENSCHAPPEN MAJOR SPORTMANAGEMENT Academiejaar 2013-2015 Masterproef Impact van Dopingperceptie op Sponsoring van Belgische WorldTour Wielerploegen: een Kwalitatief Onderzoek Masterproef voorgelegd tot het behalen van de graad van Master in de Lichamelijke Opvoeding en de Bewegingswetenschappen, afstudeerrichting Sportmanagement Auteur: Stijn Gysel Promotor: Prof. Dr. Wim Lagae I VOORWOORD Dit werk vormt de kroon op mijn opleiding tot Master Sportmanagement. Een kroon vervaar- digd uit tienduizenden toetsaanslagen, honderden bladzijden vakliteratuur, tientallen mails, een toner printerinkt en dertien boeiende interviews. Maar vooral is het een kroon die een verdieping belichaamt in een vakgebied dat mij werkelijk passioneert. Het onderwerp van dit werk vormt het kruispunt van mijn passie en mijn interesse: sport en marketing. Een betere match achtte – en acht – ik onmogelijk. Ik wil dan ook promotor dr. Wim Lagae danken me de kans te geven me gedurende twee jaar in deze boeiende materie te kunnen verdiepen. Wer- ken aan deze thesis bevestigde het gevoel dat marketing, en in het bijzonder sportmarketing, datgene is waarin ik me ook in mijn professionele carrière wil verdiepen en ontplooien. Voor de realisatie van dit werk wil een aantal mensen expliciet bedanken: Benedict voor het pilootgesprek dat de eigenlijke basis vormde voor dit onderzoek, Alain voor de gesprekspart- ners met wie je me in contact hebt gebracht, Kristine en Geert voor je kritische nalees-oog en inhoudelijke feedback, Stijn voor je grafische touch, Jotan om mijn wielerthesis-partner in crime te zijn, Lauren voor je onvoorwaardelijke steun. Jullie hebben dit werk naar een hoger niveau getild. Een speciaal dankwoord wil ik echter reserveren voor iemand heel bijzonder… mijn oma Lutgart. Oma, jouw hulp en steun is al drieëntwintig jaar lang van onschatbare waarde. Ik wil je dan ook niet enkel bedanken voor het nauwgezet nalezen van dit werk, maar ik wil je op de eerste bladzijde van wat ik zelf de ‘kroon op mijn studiecarrière’ noem, oprecht bedanken voor jouw onvoorwaardelijke steun en begeleiding tijdens mijn volledige schoolcarrière. De lieve dame die me aan de kleuterschoolpoort opwachtte, die met mij de tafels van vermenigvuldiging opzegde, die me Latijnse en Griekse woordjes opvroeg, die me met haar heerlijke spaghetti’s klaarstoomde voor de fysieke testen op het HILO… Die lieve dame heeft met haar bemoedi- gende woorden en allesziende nalees-ogen dit werkstuk helpen verwezenlijken. Oma, elke stap in mijn schoolcarrière heb jij me helpen zetten. Mijn eerste stapjes letterlijk, gaandeweg eerder figuurlijk. Je was er altijd, van de eerste dag op de kleuterschool tot het afstuderen op de universiteit. Ik wil dat je weet dat ik dat altijd diep heb geapprecieerd. Dit werk draag ik dan ook op aan jou. Stijn GYSEL, Gent, 18 mei 2015. I ABSTRACT Impact van Doping(perceptie) op Sponsoring van Belgische WorldTour Wielerploegen: een Kwalitatief Onderzoek Stijn Gysel, Universiteit Gent Introductie Het wielrennen sleurt al jaren een dopingimago met zich mee. Meer dan andere sporten wordt de wielersport met dopinggebruik geassocieerd. Waar doping in het peloton lange tijd alge- meen aanvaard doch een publiek geheim was, blijkt de publieke opinie anno 2015 dopingge- bruik af te keuren. Verscheidene stakeholders willen zich dan ook niet langer geassocieerd zien met de negatieve waarden die doping(perceptie) met zich meebrengt. Zo is dopingper- ceptie een vrees voor sponsors, die een wielerploeg als een positief marketingmiddel willen hanteren, en voor ploegen, die bestaan bij gratie van deze sponsors. Dit werk onderzoekt de specifieke impact van dopingperceptie op sponsoring van WorldTour wielerploegen en focust hierbij op de situatie in de bakermat van de wielersport: België. Methode In dit exploratief onderzoek werd vanuit een diepgaande literatuurstudie en een pilootgesprek met een wielerexpert een semigestructureerd interview opgesteld. Hierin werd gepeild naar het belang dat de sponsors aan dopingperceptie hechten en wat zij hieraan bedreigend vinden. Er zijn twaalf interviews afgenomen. De sponsorverantwoordelijken van de beide Belgische WorldTour wielerploegen werden bevraagd, net als de beslissingsnemers van hun vier titel- sponsors én de beslissingsnemers van zes van hun main partners. Door de keuze voor deze onderzoeksgroep werden beide contractanten van sponsorovereenkomst gehoord. De onder- zoeksresultaten werden tegen het licht gehouden van de vakspecifieke literatuur. Resultaten Dopingperceptie blijkt te leiden tot er een kleinere terughoudendheid bij de Belgische main partners dan bij de Belgische titelsponsors inzake de start/hernieuwing van sponsorcontracten. Alle titelsponsors en drie van de zes main partners hebben in het sponsorcontract een clausule laten opnemen, die expliciet verband houdt met doping. Alle titelsponsors en twee van de zes main partners geven aan op de hoogte te zijn van het gevoerde antidopingbeleid. Verhogen van naambekendheid en attributie blijkt voor elke sponsor het belangrijkste sponsormotief. Imagoschade komt naar voor als de meest doorslaggevende reden om wielersponsoring ten II gevolge van doping of dopingperceptie te stoppen. Elke bevraagde sponsor beschouwt ge- structureerd dopinggebruik binnen de gesponsorde ploeg als een dwingende reden voor het stopzetten van het sponsoringscontract. Discussie/Conclusie Het blijkt dat sponsors, en vooral titelsponsors, aandacht hebben voor dopingperceptie. Voor- namelijk titelsponsors hebben contractuele bepalingen die expliciet aan doping refereren en zijn op de hoogte van het antidopingbeleid dat door de gesponsorde ploeg gevoerd wordt. Niettegenstaande het besef dat dopingperceptie het bedrijfsimago ernstige schade kan toe- brengen, blijken deze maatregelen voldoende en vormt dopingperceptie geen dagelijks issue. Ondanks de donkere dopingjaren van de voorbije decennia, geven sponsors blijk van vertrou- wen in de wielersport. De huidige sponsors geven aan er van uit te gaan dat de wielersport cleaner is dan de voorbije jaren. Bovendien leidt de erg gunstige return on investment van wielersponsoring bij sponsors tot het aannemen van een genuanceerd positieve houding ten aanzien van de sport. Sleutelwoorden: sponsoring, sportsponsoring, wielersponsoring, dopingperceptie. III INHOUD VOORWOORD .......................................................................................................................... I ABSTRACT... ........................................................................................................................... II LIJST VAN SCHEMA’S, FIGUREN EN TABELLEN ......................................................... VII INLEIDING… ........................................................................................................................... 1 DEEL 1: LITERATUURSTUDIE ............................................................................................. 2 1.1 DEFINIERING ................................................................................................................. 2 1.1.1 Sponsoring ................................................................................................................. 2 1.1.2 Sportsponsoring ......................................................................................................... 3 1.1.3 Doping ....................................................................................................................... 4 1.1.4 Wielersport ................................................................................................................ 5 1.2 SPONSORING IN HET WIELRENNEN ........................................................................ 9 1.2.1 Motieven voor en risico’s van wielersponsoring ...................................................... 9 1.2.2 Modaliteiten van wielersponsoring ......................................................................... 15 1.2.3 Voedingsbodem wielersponsoring .......................................................................... 18 1.2.4 Belang van wielersponsoring en rol van mecenassen ............................................. 20 1.3 WIELRENNEN EN DOPING ....................................................................................... 22 1.3.1 Dopingproblematiek in wielrennen ......................................................................... 22 1.3.2 Wielrennen en het imagoprobleem: immens dopingperceptiespook ...................... 23 1.3.3 Publieke opinie over doping in het wielrennen ....................................................... 24 1.4 WIELERSPONSORING EN DOPING ......................................................................... 26 1.5 CONTEXT CASE .......................................................................................................... 27 1.5.1 Probleemstelling en onderzoeksvragen ................................................................... 27 1.5.2 Opzet kwalitatief onderzoek .................................................................................... 30 1.5.3 Etixx – Quick-Step Cycling Team .......................................................................... 32 IV 1.5.4 Lotto-Soudal ............................................................................................................ 33 DEEL 2: METHODE ............................................................................................................... 36 2.1 METHODOLOGISCH KADER ...................................................................................
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