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Stratigraphy and Structure of the Cedar Creek Area of the Madison Range, Madison County, Montana

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Stratigraphy and Structure of the Cedar Creek Area of the Madison Range, Madison County, Montana AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Richard Eugene White for the degree ofMaster of Science (Name) (Degree) in Geology presented on ZO /973 (Major) (Date) Title: STRATIGRAPHY AND STRUCTURE OF THE CEDAR CREEK AREA OF THE MADISON RANGE, MADISON COUNTY, MONTANA Abstract approved: Redacted for privacy z- havid A. Bostwick The Cedar Creek area, consisting of about 30 square miles, is located on the west flank of the central Madison Range in Madison County, Montana. The rocks of the area include carbonates, sandstones, mud- stones, cherts, phosphorite, metamorphic rocks, intrusive igneous rocks, and unconsolidated sediments and have been divided into 16 mapped units. An undetermined thickness of Precambrian metamorphic base- ment rocks, approximately 7, 000 feet of sedimentary rocks, and an undetermined thickness of Tertiary intrusive igneous rocks are exposed in the area.In addition, surficial deposits of unconsolidated alluvium and landslide debris are present in the area. Sedimentary rocks in the area are correlated with the Devonian Jefferson and Three Forks Formations, the Mississippian Lodgepole and Mission Canyon Formations, the Mississippian-Pennsylvanian Amsden Formation, the Pennsylvanian Quadrant Formation, the Permian Park City, Shedhorn, and Phosphoria Formations, the Triassic Dinwoody Formation, the Jurassic Sawtooth, Rierdon, and Morrison Formations, and the Cretaceous Kootenai Formation and Colorado Group. The area has undergone two major episodes of deformation. The first occurred in latest Cretaceous to Early Tertiary time when compressive forces produced thrust-faulting and folding in the area. During the second episode, tensional forces, probably related to epeirrogenic uplift, initiated normal faulting in the area. Stream erosion and several cycles of glaciation have modified the topography of the area to its present form. No stratigraphic or structural conditions in the area are favorable for the accumulation of oil and gas,Beds of furnace-grade phosphorite are present in the area, but at this time the cost of mining the phosphorite beds is far greater than the value of the phos- phorite. Stratigraphy and Structure of the Cedar Creek Area of the Madison Range, Madison County, Montana by Richard Eugene White A THESIS submitted to Oregon State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science June 1974 APPROVED: Redacted for privacy AssOciate Professor of Geology in charge of major Redactedfor privacy bhlairman of Department of Geology Redacted for privacy Dean of Graduate School Date thesis is presented 3 /973 Typed by Cheryl E. Curb for Richard Eugene White ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my sincere appreciation to Dr. David Bostwick, my major professor, for his visitation to the thesis area, his critical reading of the manuscript, and his helpful suggestions throughout the project. I am grateful to Drs, Harold Enlows and J. Granville Johnson for their critical readings of the manuscript and helpful suggestions. Appreciation is extended to the Mallus family of the Double M Ranch and John Uhlien of the Cedar Creek Ranch for allowing me access across their land. I wish to thank the residents of Ennis, Montana, for their hospitality and friendship. Special thanks go to my wife, Peggy, for her companionship in the field, assistance, and encouragement during the preparation of the thesis. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION Location and Accessibility 1 Purposes and. Methods of Investigation 3 Previous Work 4 Relief and Drainage 6 Climate and Vegetation 6 STRATIGRAPHY 9 Cherry Creek Series 9 Litho logy 10 Jefferson Formation 13 Exposure and Topographic Expression 14 Thickness and Litho logy 15 Fossils and Age 18 Regional Distribution and Correlation 19 Origin and Depositional Environment 20 Three Forks Formation 20 Exposure and Topographic Expression 22 Thickness and Litho logy 22 Fossils and Age 23 Regional Distribution and Correlation 24 Origin and Depositional Environment 25 Madison Group 25 Lodgepole Formation 26 Exposure and Topographic Expression 28 Thickness and Litho logy 28 Fossils and Age 29 Regional Distribution and Correlation 30 Origin and Depositional Environment 31 Mission Canyon Formation 32 Exposure and Topographic Expression 34 Thickness and Litho logy 34 Fossils and Age 35 Regional Distribution and Correlation 35 Origin and Depositional Environment 36 Amsden Formation 37 Exposure and Topographic Expression 38 Thickness and Lithology 38 Fossils and Age 40 Regional Distribution and Correlation 41 Origin and Depositional Environment 42 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont. ) Page Quadrant Formation 43 Exposure and Topographic Expression 45 Thickness and Litho logy 45 Fossils and Age 47 Regional Distribution. and Correlation 48 Origin and Depositional Environment 48 Permian System 49 Exposure and Topographic Expression 52 Thickness and Lithology 52 Park City Formation 53 Shedhorn Formation 53 Phosphoria Formation 55 Fossils and Age 56 Regional Distribution and Correlation 57 Origin and Depositional Environment 59 Dinwoody Formation 60 Exposure and Topographic Expression 61 Thickness and Lithology 63 Fossils and Age 64 Regional Distribution and Correlation 64 Origin and Depositional Environment 65 Ellis Group 66 Sawtooth Formation 67 Exposure and Topographic Expression 67 Thickness and Lithology 69 Fossils and Age 70 Regional Distribution and Correlation 71 Origin and Depositional Environment 72 Rierdon Formation 72 Exposure and Topographic Expression 74 Thickness and Lithology 74 Fossils and Age 75 Regional Distribution and Correlation 76 Origin and Depositional Environment 76 Morrison Formation 77 Exposure and Topographic Expression 78 Thickness and Lithology 78 Fossils and Age 79 Regional Distribution and Correlation 80 Origin and Depositional Environment 81 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont. ) Page Kootenai Formation 81 Exposure and Topographic Expression 82 Thickness and Lithology 83 Fossils and Age 85 Regional Distribution and Correlation 85 Origin and Depositional Environment 86 Colorado Group 87 Exposure and Topographic Expression 89 Thickness and Lithology 90 Fossils and Age 91 Regional Distribution and Correlation 92 Origin and Depositional Environment 92 Unconsolidated Quaternary Sediments 93 Alluvium 94 Landslide Debris 94 Talus and Slope Wash 95 INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS 96 Lithology 98 Age 99 STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY 100 Regional Structure 100 Local Structure 101 Folds 101 Faults 103 Low-angle Thrust Faults 103 High-angle Thrust Faults 105 Normal Faults 105 GEOMORPHOLOGY 108 Fault-related Feature s 108 Stream Erosion Features 109 Glacial Features 109 GEOLOGIC HISTORY 111 ECONOMIC GEOLOGY 119 Oil and Gas Possibilities 119 Mine ral Possibilities 120 REFERENCES CITED 121 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1 Index map showing location of the thesis area. 2 2 Photomicrograph of limy dolomite from the upper unit of the Jefferson Formation. 17 Overturned beds of the lower and upper units of the Lodgepole Formation and the Mission Canyon Formation, 28 4 Photomicrograph of interlayered biosparite and biomicrite from uppermost beds of the Lodgepole Formation. 28 5 Overturned beds of the Lodgepole, Mission Canyon, and Amsden Formations. 33 6 Small thrust fault and exposures of the Quadrant Formation, Permian beds, and the Din,woody Formation. 44 7 Bedded chert member of the Phosphoria Formation. 54 8 Photomicrograph of dolomitic siltstone from the Dinwoody Formation. 62 9 Photomicrograph of sandy, dolomitic micrite from the basal unit of the Sawtooth Formation. 68 10 Photomicrograph of oosparite from the Rierdon Formation. 73 11 Topography typically developed on Colorado beds and andesite porphyry sills. 88 12 Dark gray Colorado beds intruded by light gray andesite porphyry sills, 97 13 North wall of the Shell Creek canyon. 103 LIST OF FIGURES (Cont.) Figure Page 14 Overturned beds of the Mission Canyon, Amsden, and Quadrant Formations and a normal fault of the Madison Range Fault System. 104 15 Cedar Creek area of the Madison Range. 107 LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1 Summary of stratigraphic units. 11 2 Regional correlation chart. 12 LIST OF PLATES Plate Page 1 Geologic map of the Cedar Creek area, in pocket Madison County, Montana. STRATIGRAPHY AND STRUCTURE OF THE CEDAR CREEK AREA OF THE MADISON RANGE, MADISON COUNTY, MONTANA INTRODUCTION Location and Accessibility The Cedar Creek area, lying about six miles southeast of Ennis, Montana, comprises about 30 square miles in the west-central part of Madison County.With the exception of about four square miles that are privately owned, the Cedar Creek area lies within the Ennis Ranger District of the Beaverhead National Forest.The Cedar Creek area consists of parts of Townships 6 and 7 South, and Ranges 1 and 2 East in the southeasternmost part of the Ennis quadrangle.The north-flowing Madison River lies west of the Cedar Creek area, and the crest of the north-south trending Madison Range lies east of the Cedar Creek area. Access to the Cedar Creek area is somewhat limited.The nearest paved road is U.S. Highway 287, three miles to the west. Two gravel roads extend from the highway to the edge of the Cedar Creek area, one to the Double M Ranch in the SE1/4 sec. 10, T. 6 S. , R,1 E.,the other to the Cedar Creek Ranch in the SW1/4 sec. 15, T, 6 S. , R.1 E. A good dirt road from the highway to the mouth of the Shell Creek canyon in sec. 33, T. 6 S. , R.1 E. provides access to the southern part of the area. A dirt road from the Cedar Creek MONTANA Missouri River Great Falls Helena 4. Butte Three Forks .Logan Bozeman. Livingston Ennis Madison Lc ounty 5 0 50 100 150 200 Scale of Miles Figure 1.Index map showing location of the thesis area. 3 Ranch, passable only in good weather, penetrates the thesis area for a short distance.Trails along Aspen Creek and Cedar Creek are suitable for travel by foot or horse.Branch lines of the Union Pacific Railroad terminate at Alder, Montana, 24 miles west of the Cedar Creek area and at Norris, Montana, 17 miles north of the Cedar Creek are a. Purposes and Methods of Investigation The primary purposes of this study were to produce a detailed geologic map of the Cedar Creek area, to describe and measure the major stratigraphic units, and to delineate the structures.
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