DOCSLIB.ORG

Soda Gracker

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

UNITED LABOR BULLETIN Page Seven Operators Writhe Under Probe TAKE NOTICE Made by Federal Commission “ATreat Is in Store for You” A $7.00 pair of Pants made to order FREE with Suit or Overcoat made to order. Best lining every Governor Ammons and Attorney General Farrar Confess to JUST TRY Sold only in packages. and trimmings. Legal All wool materials. Fit guaranteed. Union label Commissioners That No Proclamation of Martial At all grocers. on every garment. Law Was Ever Issued; Acted Under Moyer Decision Madc in the c,eancst bakery Just think of it, men—a $25 Suit or Overcoat and ——— in America a pair of Pants made to your measure $7.00 (Continued from Page One.) ings l*i • _*lit against Judge Whitford of having a higher wage scale, Colora- and la’ -oppressed by the Legislature. Doyl - Ammons, do miner* are poorer paid than those ot - <i that Governor on . -itecial interests of Soda ’account many other states because of the na- ..? property The bis ow;. iii attempted ture of the coal they mine, the condi- Routt county, had $lB.OO to the to tions under which they work and the for‘ • officials of organization consent to This includes blue serges and blacks, also fact that they must do dead work, ano a special settlement cover- Lindquist tartan declared that miners here have been like ing tlnr district which did not include j Gracker plaids. \ union. the slaves of the South before the war. the recognition of the Doyle Cracker They were unable to free themselves, quoted -he governor as saying: hut had to have outside aid, and that “If you don’t permit the mines of was given by the national organization Routt county to open somebody will be Company in the cause of humanity and human de- sorry* for it.” velopment. lie declared that the na- Jailed by General Chase. VJT DENVER tional body had not given the miner* The witness a lengthy story of nor had he or told arms or ammunition, his ex |- nances in the strike zone when COLORDAO officers them to other national advised he bu*: le-en summoned, as he said, resort to violence. througi. false pretenses on General Open Saturday Evening of national or- Until 10 o’clock Average receipts the p.irt. to he Chase's appear before the mili- ganization are £2.4410.0*10 a year, tary* «"inmission and then, when he -aid. and miners are working under in*t to Major Bough ton de- would give the union agreements in 17 states. The i* *n -ought to Always SINCERITY bar- inforn and refused make First ¦UV TMB OLOIB EXPRIM COMPANY’* MONEY ORDER*. mand for the principle of collective admis- - desired by the general, had gaining is the main one made by the been thrown into jail and held incocm- MONEY ORDERS j strikers and by unions everywhere, he nmnic He freely criticised Chase-and gattii-wa stated. N#t Mtr t cento Oy*t ««0 to HI It 6mU j Uougl n for. their arbitrary assump- IHI further said fight would con- people generally it to «• *• He the tion ot mthority. He said lie later had ( county?” asked Commissioned Garret- * believed useless { SSS »;• »•; tinue until the right of every miner to been r> i- .i-ed on demand <>f . * bring such an action. Ot*r 111* to |SV cent* 0»«r to IT| SB mmntm i a commit- son. 10 cooto | join union was conceded. tee oi ”Jn six years during which Of or It# to |S» IS r*nia Over |.S to |l#t I# the . iners which was about to bola "Ves: many times.” replied Farr. the the ll# to 140 II rent* Ov»r »100 at abo»* rates Lawson’s Message to Wilson. a coin ation meeting in Denver. “Have you had men on criminal juries predecessor of the present district' judge declared, “a. John R. Lawson, national executive At th;- juncture Doyle explained to • who could not speak or understand occupied the bench,” lie board member for Colorado of the the commission that he had been cau- English ?” personal injury case against a coal com- United Mine Workers, was one of the tioned v his counsel to avoid wording “Many of them: many times.” pany was never allowed to go to a P>fc” M“* It was court. “•‘-‘-i- most dramatic witnesses of the two his rti-wer* in such way that they 1 Chairman Walsh produced a list of • . jury. dismissed by the SEE US So this occur that lav - inquiry. His statement waa in might misinterpreted or used against . names of 320 deputy sheriffs commis- frequently did week*’ vers form anad In* stood while him in the trial of a conspiracy charge between January 10, 1913. ano generally abandoned the bringing typewritten sioned of district reading it to the In one now .iding ami instigated he alleged, : Septemlier 1913, prior to the calling actions in the Third judicial commission. 1. and filed instance be said: by th. operator*. < of the strike. them either in Denver or n. Pueblo.” r "J have pending against ine in the **But I am not the least hit afraid to **\Ylp> paid these men?” he a;*ked “"'732-34.-36 Fifteenth St.--N.ar Stout St. know, do said The general unrest in the southern court* of Colorado 111 specific criminal , tell .-ill I and will so.” , Farr. the - Colorado coal declared, charges, ranging from conspiracy in re* Doyle But I would like to have “I ddn’t know. Huerfano eounty did fields. Hendrick -- thought tr> straint of to murder in first <-omn> -a understand that 1 lielieve not pay them.” he principally attributable trade the as degn e. including arson t l»e orado opr-rat or* are powerful “Did the coal companies pay them?* . such methods this. and and assault i J “Is general feeling to and 1 am as of any enotigl send any man to the peniten- “I don’t know , hut irom what l have j there a that kill, innocent mnno WEINER SHOE CO. j crime against the laws of my state or tiary they so desire, whether that heard I am sati-fied they did.” courts of Muei county do not prop- JOE 1 erly perform 1016-1018 FIFTEENTH ST.-MINING EXCHANGE BLDG. nation as nuv individual sitting upon man guilty of crime or not.” “Did you furnish them with arms?” their function?” asked tins listening to me today.** Do; then the commission ! the companies , Coin mi—ioner Garretson. UNION bench here furnished “No: coal did.” Come in .nd 1.. u, fit KNEELAND SHOES with - gurcs of benefits paid. In the “Here i- a li>t of 73 men appointed “That has been generally charged.” 1 and you • pair our ALL COLORS ASTYLES deputies between September Oc- with of LEATHERS. the Mo-t of the arc impaneled mission, in which the supreme authority t qiieni in to .Ci7.'MMi a u.-ck. while tober 13; how much were these m**n juries benefit- tor la** Animas. Huerfano and from non-English speaking p«*ople an-1 Fretn counties had run between $21,- “I was told bv Mattison of the coal , Sometimes are two nr I would most respectfully direct votir com pan v that all tlie men got a J court-*. there A. J. O'BRIEN t three- by the attention. Mr. President, to the reront 4 >l, \..\ember 20. Doyle stated, tiic day and their board and lodging.” ; interpreters, and the time mitor . ! on -t« benefit rolls 7.917 Paid by Coal Companies. name to £3 % 1j vinced the jury doesn’t know anything The Capital industrial, relation* in (he city of llen- The benefit* amounted “Then the coal companies did pay ! we. k ; .r men. *1 a to the La Patrice \i r for undeniable proof of the fact that a the week l*eing response ; miner- and cents a week Deputies. there is hut on# human wive- 30 “1 was so informed.” Trial of Five hie the in CIGAR FACTORY • for deplorable condition?* the “But you said you did not know.” Hendrick described the trial of the City Shoe Colorado, Decision. ¦S BROADWAY coal iiklustrv of the state of Cht-e Relied on Moyer "No: I that at first, but then I ji five deputy sheriffs arrested in eonnee- 1). j Mr John Rockefeller. Sr. lieu John Chase, who ret used to refreshed it«y memory and remembered | lion with th.- Seventh -treet fight ” "Fortunately,! Adi i tbia assertion is not , tewtity before the congressional investt- what Mattison and so informed Walsciiburg. The hearing, in which Repairing based statement can said murder was charged, occupied, he La Patrice upon any tluit be gitin. ¦•uiniittee when here, appended you.” j n*- • m or the three out of the In All Sixes suit dieted denied, for evidence at com of Chairman Walsh. He told After turning to the other commis- !i serted. hours and 11 12 mand brought is found m the correspondence between the mu i.ui that lie had frequently i -iotiers. Chairman Walsh said: “None !; jurors were Mexicans. The jury Company 29 Broadway. New- York, and J. Wel- F. found iw-tc-sary to hold uicn in jail of the commissioners remember that i; in a verdict of not guilty. Mr. Rockefeller’s agent i over ; ' The Factory Cigar HKMtV WABNKCKE. Prop. Ikmti. in Colo- for 3.‘. days without turning them 1j r»*raark until in answer to the last “Wa- the community satisfied?” In All Sixes TKL. N.ll!« W7 rado. to th -ivi! authorities or preferring a question.” i asked Chairman Frank P.
Recommended publications
  • National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form 1

    National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form 1

    NFS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-OO18 (3-82) Exp. 10-31-84 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service For NFS use only National Register of Historic Places received MAY | 5 date entered \\\\ | Q Inventory—Nomination Form I <J See instructions in How to Complete National Register Forms Type all entries—complete applicable sections_______________ 1. Name historic Ludlow Tent Colony Site and or common Ludlow Monument 2. Location Junction of Del Aqua Canyon Road and Colorrdo and street & number Southern Railroad tracks 1/JL not for publication city, town Ludlow n' a vicinity of state Colorado code Oo county Las Animas code 071 3. Classification Category Ownership Status Present Use district public occupied agriculture museum YY ^_ building(si) AA private XX unoccupied commercial park yy structure both work in progress educational private residence AA site Public Acquisition Accessible entertainment religious object n/a in process vy yes: restricted government scientific n/a being considered ._ yes: unrestricted industrial .^ transportation no military 10T othcr. Monument 4. Owner of Property name United Mine Workers of America c/o Jose Garcia, President District 15 UMWA street & number 6525 West 44th Avenue city, town Wheat Ridge n/a vicinity of state Colorado 5. Location of Legal Description courthouse, registry of deeds, etc. Las 'Animas County Clerk and Recorder Trinidad street & number Trinidad Colorado city, town state 6. Representation in Existing Surveys "^Colorado Inventory nf rhetoric Sjtgs has this property been determined eligible? ——yes XX no date 1984 federal JQL state county local depository for survey records Colorado Historical Society, 1300 Broadway________ city, town Denver_____________________________________ state Colorado 7.
  • Guarding Capital: Soldier Strikebreakers on the Long Road to the Ludlow Massacre

    Guarding Capital: Soldier Strikebreakers on the Long Road to the Ludlow Massacre

    W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 2004 Guarding capital: Soldier strikebreakers on the long road to the Ludlow massacre Anthony Roland DeStefanis College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the United States History Commons Recommended Citation DeStefanis, Anthony Roland, "Guarding capital: Soldier strikebreakers on the long road to the Ludlow massacre" (2004). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539623451. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-d7pf-f181 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. GUARDING CAPITAL: Soldier Strikebreakers on the Long Road to the Ludlow Massacre A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the Department of History The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Anthony Roland DeStefanis 2004 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. APPROVAL SHEET This dissertation is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Anthony Roland DeStefanis Approved by the Committee, October 2004 Cindy Hahamovitch, Chair r Judith Ewell Scott R. Nelson David Montgdmeiy Yale University, (Emeritus ii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Acknowledgements v Abstract vii Introduction 2 Chapter I.
  • 254. Box 1 of 1. Capt. Hildreth Frost, 2 Nd Infantry, Judge Advocate. Aug

    254. Box 1 of 1. Capt. Hildreth Frost, 2 Nd Infantry, Judge Advocate. Aug

    254. Box 1 of 1. Capt. Hildreth Frost, 2nd Infantry, Judge Advocate. Aug./Sept. 2004 Inventory. Yellow stick-on note (handwritten) reads: “Given to the State Hist Society by Governor McNichol’s Office. Presented to Governor by Mrs. Hildreth Frost Colorado Spring, Colo. Her husband was Judge Advocate General of Trial. Sept. 1962”. Contents: Records of Courts Martial, Headquarters Military District of Colorado Trinidad, Colorado. 1. Record of the General Court Martial Military District of Colorado in the Matter of Lieutenant H. A. Keeley, 1st Lieutenant, 1st Infantry, National Guard of Colorado. Case No. 27. G. C. Lingenfelter, Colonel Medical Corps, President of the Court. Hildreth Frost, Captain 2nd Infantry, Judge Advocate. March 16, 1914. Charge 1: Conduct unbecoming an Officer and a Gentleman. Charge 2: Conduct prejudicial to good order and military discipline. Findings of the General Court Martial: Guilty of both charges and specifications. Sentence: To be discharged from the service of the State of Colorado. Loose pages, including letter from Capt. Hildreth Frost to Commanding General, Military District of Colorado, pertaining to the appointment of certain members of the Court Martial. Also, typewritten pages from the transcript of the trial. 2. Record of the General Court Martial Military District of Colorado in the Matter of Private Charley Obley, Company “F”, 1st Infantry, National Guard of Colorado. Case No. 11. L. W. Kennedy, Major 1st Infantry, President of the Court. Hildreth Frost, Captain 2nd Infantry, Judge Advocate. January 16th, 1914. Charge 1: Murder. Charge 2: Manslaughter. Charge 3: Assault with intent to kill. Charge 4: Assault with a deadly weapon with intent to do great bodily harm.
  • The Colorado Coalfield War of 1913-'14

    The Colorado Coalfield War of 1913-'14

    The Colorado Coalfield War of 1913-’14 How did Colorado become the scene of the most violent strike in U.S. history? What rights should workers exercise? What rights should employers possess? And what role should government play when labor and management conflict? By Thomas Andrews1 Background On an April morning in 1914, bullets began to fly fast and furious near a tiny town called Ludlow in the southern Colorado foothills. By the time the fighting stopped ten days later, more than fifty people had been killed. Dozens more had been wounded, several mine tunnels had been reduced to rubble, two towns lay in ashes, and a tent colony that had housed more some 1,200 people for upwards of seven months lay in rubble. These events, which people of the time variously referred to as the Ludlow Massacre, the Battle of Ludlow, and the Ten Days’ War—marked the most contentious phase in a much longer conflict: The Colorado coalfield war of 1913-’14. On one side of this conflict stood striking coal mine workers, their families, and the the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA), the nation’s largest labor union. Opposing these strikers were two powerful foes: the Colorado National Guard and coal-mining companies led by the Rockefeller-owned Colorado Fuel & Iron Company (CF&I). The coalfield war of 1913-’14 brought several decades of conflict between workers, corporations, and the State of Colorado to a contentious head. The most violent strike in United States history, the coalfield war attracted national and even international attention. Though southern Colorado was relatively remote and isolated, the struggle that erupted there between miners and mining corporations cut to the heart of a broader conflict that stood at the very center of political, economic, and social life.
  • Citizenship and Labor in the Progressive Era, 1890-1925

    Citizenship and Labor in the Progressive Era, 1890-1925

    “I HAVE THE EAGLE”: CITIZENSHIP AND LABOR IN THE PROGRESSIVE ERA, 1890-1925 A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Georgetown University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History By: Stephanie Lynn Taylor, M.F.A. Washington, DC August 20, 2017 Copyright 2017 by Stephanie Taylor All Rights Reserved ii “I HAVE THE EAGLE:” CITIZENSHIP AND LABOR IN THE PROGRESSIVE ERA, 1890-1925 Stephanie Lynn Taylor, M.F.A. Thesis Advisor: Joseph A. McCartin, Ph.D. ABSTRACT During the critical years of American industrialization and rising status as a world power, a great struggle unfolded in the United States over workers’ status as citizens and what rights their status entailed. The outcome of this struggle shaped and constrained what workers would achieve in twentieth-century America. Just as imperialism raised the question of whether “the Constitution followed the flag” abroad, industrial conflict in those years raised the question of whether the flag – and the Constitution it symbolized – would follow laboring men and women into workplaces, streets, homes, and interactions with employers and government authorities. This dissertation argues that labor conflicts in this period were frequently fought over the boundaries and content of working-class citizenship. However, by the dawn of the New Deal era, the right to organize had become narrowly defined as a matter of market regulation, not as a matter of constitutional principles. This dissertation draws on the experiences of a wide range of workers to make its argument, including Japanese plantation laborers in Hawaii, agricultural workers along the U.S.-Mexico border, coal miners in Colorado, ore miners in the Midwest, and mill workers in the Northeast.
  • NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK NOMINATION LUDLOW TENT COLONY SITE Page 1 1. NAME of PROPERTY Historic Name

    NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK NOMINATION LUDLOW TENT COLONY SITE Page 1 1. NAME of PROPERTY Historic Name

    NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK NOMINATION NPS Form 10-900 USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form (Rev. 8-86) OMB No. 1024-0018 LUDLOW TENT COLONY SITE Page 1 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form 1. NAME OF PROPERTY Historic Name: Ludlow Tent Colony Site Other Name/Site Number: 5LA1829 2. LOCATION Street & Number: County Road 44.0, northeast of its intersection with County Road 61.3 Not for publication: N/A City/Town: Ludlow Vicinity: X State: CO County: Las Animas Code: 071 Zip Code: 81020 3. CLASSIFICATION Ownership of Property Category of Property Private: X Building(s): ____ Public-Local: District: ____ Public-State: Site: X Public-Federal: Structure: ____ Object: ____ Number of Resources within Property Contributing Noncontributing 0 2 buildings 1 0 sites 1 0 structures 1 0 objects 3 2 Total Number of Contributing Resources Previously Listed in the National Register: 1 Name of Related Multiple Property Listing: American Labor History Theme Study; Labor Archeology in the United States Theme Study (draft) NPS Form 10-900 USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form (Rev. 8-86) OMB No. 1024-0018 LUDLOW TENT COLONY SITE Page 2 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form 4. STATE/FEDERAL AGENCY CERTIFICATION As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, I hereby certify that this nomination ____ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60.

  • By Walter H. Fink Director of Publicity. District No. 15, U. M. W. A

    B WALTER H y . F IN$ DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC ITY District 1 No. 5 U W . , . M . A . T H E H OR RORS or T H E é H AM B L E S O F L UD LOW ’ g Tikas an d Jam es F er murd ere n b e l i n in th fore r n d l yl , d , ca e s en y g e g ou . Py l m n eare s t to th e n en - m t a wh r loati n over t e r w ork y g gu m ili i , o a e g g h i SE C O N D E D ITIO N i 1 4 C op y r ght, 1 9 Price 25 Cen ts To Officers an d M embers of Organi zed Labor Dear Sirs an d Brothers “ The o M as re W u sac a er H . nk o L dl w , by lt Fi , ur u c a e is an a en c an d n e n rr e p bli ity g nt, uth ti i ter sting a ativ of the su f e i n s of o ora o coa mi ne s e es an d f r g C l d l r , th ir wiv h l r c i d en . M r k ha ve o i h th . Fin s be en in acti t uch w t e situation sin ce before the strike an d wi th his experience as our c a e h e is no e e r a e to wri e a tor publi ity g nt, t er n b tte bl t s y of the t e We e o o o h in the i s ruggl .
  • Ludlow Resource Set 3-17-2014

    Ludlow Resource Set 3-17-2014

    The Colorado Coalfield War of 1913-’14 How did Colorado become the scene of the most violent strike in U.S. history? What rights should workers exercise? What rights should employers possess? And what role should government play when labor and management conflict? By Thomas Andrews* Contents Standards Addressed Background Primary Sources The Strike Begins 1. “Shouting the Battle Cry of Union” 2. The Strikers Demands 3. Voting to Strike 4. Remembering the Strike Call 5. The Rockefeller Dynasty 6. The View from 26 Broadway Roots of Conflict 7. Class Conflict in Turn-of-the-Century Colorado 8. Workplace Dangers 9. The Company Town or “Closed Camp” System Life in the Union Tent Colonies 10. Rebuilding Community 11. Making Do 12. Organizing Resistance The Dogs of Industrial War 13. Violence 14. Polarization 15. Polarization 16. Fighting Erupts 17. The Strikers Strike Back 18. Denver Women Bring Peace to the Southern Coal Fields The Legacy of LudlowPublic Response 19. Aftermath 20. Ludlow Today Additional Resources Teaching Strategies Download: PDF * Thomas Andrews is a Professor of History at the University of Colorado Boulder. His book on the Colorado Coalfield War, Killing for Coal, was chosen for the 2009 Bancroft Prize by Columbia University, one of the most coveted honors in the field of history. His work has also been featured in The New York Times and The Denver Post. He can be reached at Thomas.Andrews at Colorado.EDU. 1 Standards Addressed A quick-glance overview of social studies standards that teachers might address in 4th grade, 8th grade, and high school using the resources in this set.
  • The Fight for Industrial Democracy and Domestic Prosperity: Working Class and Prominent Women’S Participation in the Colorado Coal Field Strike, 1913-15

    The Fight for Industrial Democracy and Domestic Prosperity: Working Class and Prominent Women’S Participation in the Colorado Coal Field Strike, 1913-15

    UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO, BOULDER The Fight for Industrial Democracy and Domestic Prosperity: Working Class and Prominent Women’s Participation in the Colorado Coal Field Strike, 1913-15. Undergraduate Honors Thesis Department of History Taylor Rose Martin Spring 2015 Advised by: Thomas Andrews- Department of History Committee Members: Fred Anderson- Department of History Andrea Feldman- Department of Writing and Rhetoric Abstract This thesis examines the involvement of women, both working and upper class, in the Colorado Coal Field Strike, 1913-15. First, I will provide a background for the strike including the Industrial Revolution, the rise of big business, and the influx of immigration which shaped the mining towns. Second, I investigate the participation of mining town women and their complex social and political identities. These women fought to improve their domestic goals, not challenge them. Despite this, they understood the need to utilize Colorado’s womens’ suffrage to get the working class into office. Third, there will be a discussion on the Ludlow Massacre and the nation’s reaction to the event. This battle, branded as a “massacre” pushed upper class citizens to protest for the humanitarian treatment of workers and their families. Then, I investigate the actions of more prominent citizens, first those of upper class women in Denver and then the protests of socialist Upton Sinclair. The upper class women of Denver fought politically enforcing their influence in politics and adding credibility to their citizenship and suffrage, which women gained in Colorado in 1893. Finally, implications of the strike are discussed including industrial reform, the participation of working class women in strikes, and the importance of considering women in public relations and political decisions.
  • History and Legacy of the Ludlow Massacre

    History and Legacy of the Ludlow Massacre

    Background History for the Colorado Bar Association 2003 High School Mock Trial Competition December 2001 HISTORY AND LEGACY OF THE LUDLOW MASSACRE Dean J. Saitta Department of Anthropology University of Denver Denver, CO 80208 [email protected] PLEASE DO NOT CITE WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE AUTHOR The Ludlow Massacre was the defining event of the 1913-1914 Colorado Coal Field Strike. This coal strike was one of the most violent in United States history. It resulted in an estimated 66 deaths and an unknown number of wounded. The question of who “won” the strike—coal companies or organized labor—can be answered differently. Although the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) did not achieve its most important goal of Union recognition, the strike can nonetheless be seen as a victory for organized labor. The striking miners held out for 14 months in makeshift tent colonies on the Colorado prairie. They endured through one of the worst winters in Colorado history. They persevered despite the considerable ethnic diversity of the coal fields—24 different languages were spoken—which undoubtedly made collective action difficult. The strikers were eventually undone by the superior economic and political resources of the coal companies, and the depletion of UMWA strike funds. Certainly, the events of the strike and, especially, the deaths of women and children at Ludlow, outraged the American public and forced some key reforms in management-labor relations (Crawford, 1995; Gitelman 1998). This background history has several purposes. One is to put the Colorado coal strike into a wider national and historical context. Another is to provide details about specific events of the strike and highlight the consequences and legacies of those events.
  • Remembering Ludlow 100 Years Later

    Remembering Ludlow 100 Years Later

    The Magazine of History Colorado March/ April 2014 $4.95 Remembering Ludlow 100 Years Later ALSO IN THIS ISSUE n Children of Ludlow Exhibit n Ludlow Centennial Events n Spring Programs Around the State Colorado Heritage The Magazine of History Colorado Edward C. Nichols Steve Grinstead Managing Editor President and CEO Dawn DiPrince and Liz Simmons Editorial Assistance History Colorado Center Darren Eurich, State of Colorado/IDS Graphic Designer 1200 Broadway Denver, Colorado 80203 Jay DiLorenzo and Aaron Marcus Photographic Services 303/HISTORY William J. Convery State Historian Administration Public Relations 303/866-3355 303/866-3670 Colorado Heritage (ISSN 0272-9377), published by History Membership Group Sales Reservations Colorado, contains articles of broad general and educational 303/866-3639 303/866-2394 interest that link the present to the past. Heritage is distributed Museum Rentals Archaeology & Historic Preservation bimonthly to History Colorado members, to libraries, and to 303/866-4597 303/866-3392 institutions of higher learning. Manuscripts must be documented Research Librarians State Historical Fund when submitted, and originals are retained in the Publications 303/866-2305 303/866-2825 office. An Author’s Guide is available; contact the Publications Education Support Us office. History Colorado disclaims responsibility for statements of 303/866-4686 303/866-4737 fact or of opinion made by contributors. Sign up for the monthly History Colorado NOW electronic newsletter by Postage paid at Denver, Colorado emailing [email protected]; or visit www.HistoryColorado.org and click on “Membership.” All History Colorado members receive Colorado Heritage as a benefit of membership. Individual subscriptions are available through the Membership office for $40 per year (six issues).