LNG Ausnahme Zum Standard NV Bbüttel

LNG in der Schifffahrt - von der Ausnahme zum Standard?

Leistungsspektrum und Marktsituation

Hans-Günther Albers, Benjamin Scholz 09 January 2017, Brunsbüttel

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° Introduction / Background

° Rules and Regulations – IGF-Code

° LNG fuel Installation – Examples

° Bunkering of LNG

° World’s First Dual-Fuel Cruise Ship

° Outlook

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° Main component is methane (CH 4) – LNG composition varies with geographical location ° Liquid at about -163ºC ° Lighter than air ° Flammable, but high self ignition temperature: approx. 600ºC (~ 210ºC for diesel) ° Ignitable by sparks in mixture with air: 5-15%

HFO ‰ Hu = 42600 kJ/m3; density: 860 kg/m3 LNG ‰ Hu = 46000 kJ/m3; density approx. 425 kg/m3

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≈ Shipping: 3% of global CO 2 emissions Ungraded

2000 – 2013

Norway

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Ships in operation

Year Type of vessel Owner Class Year Type of vessel Owner Class 2000 Car/passenger ferry Fjord1 DNV GL 2012 PSV Eidesvik DNV GL 2003 PSV Simon Møkster DNV GL 2012 PSV Olympic Shipping DNV GL 2003 PSV Eidesvik DNV GL 2012 PSV Island Offshore DNV GL 2006 Car/passenger ferry Fjord1 DNV GL 2012 General Cargo Nordnorsk Shipping DNV GL 2007 Car/passenger ferry Fjord1 DNV GL 2012 PSV Eidesvik Shipping DNV GL 2007 Car/passenger ferry Fjord1 DNV GL 2012 PSV Island Offshore DNV GL 2007 Car/passenger ferry Fjord1 DNV GL 2012 Car/passenger ferry Torghatten Nord DNV GL 2007 Car/passenger ferry Fjord1 DNV GL 2012 Car/passenger ferry Torghatten Nord DNV GL 2008 PSV Eidesvik Shipping DNV GL 2012 Car/passenger ferry Torghatten Nord DNV GL 2009 PSV Eidesvik Shipping DNV GL 2013 PSV REM DNV GL 2009 Car/passenger ferry Tide Sjø DNV GL 2013 RoPax Viking Line LR 2009 Car/passenger ferry Tide Sjø DNV GL 2013 Car/passenger ferry Torghatten Nord DNV GL 2009 Car/passenger ferry Tide Sjø DNV GL 2013 Tug Incheon Port Authority KR 2009 Patrol vessel Remøy Management DNV GL 2013 General Cargo Eidsvaag DNV GL 2009 Car/passenger ferry Fjord1 DNV GL 2013 RoPax Fjordline DNV GL 2010 Patrol vessel Remøy Management DNV GL 2013 High speed RoPax Buquebus DNV GL 2010 Car/passenger ferry Fjord1 DNV GL 2013 Tug CNOOC CCS 2010 Patrol vessel Remøy Management DNV GL 2013 Tug CNOOC CCS 2010 Car/passenger ferry Fjord1 DNV GL 2013 Car/passenger ferry Norled DNV GL 2010 Car/passenger ferry Fjord1 DNV GL 2014 Car/passenger ferry Norled DNV GL 2010 Car/passenger ferry Fosen Namsos Sjø DNV GL 2014 Tug Buksér & Berging DNV GL 2011 PSV DOF DNV GL 2014 RoPax Fjordline DNV GL 2011* Oil/chemical tanker Tarbit Shipping DNV GL 2014 Patrol vessel Finish Border Guard DNV GL 2011 Car/passenger ferry Fjord1 DNV GL 2014 Tug Buksér & Berging DNV GL 2011 PSV Solstad Rederi DNV GL 2014 Gas carrier Anthony Veder BV 2014 Gas carrier Anthony Veder BV 2012* Car/passenger ferry Fjord1 DNV GL Updated 9 December 2016 Ungraded * Conversion project Excluding LNG carriers and inland waterway vessels

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Ships in operation

Year Type of vessel Owner Class Year Type of vessel Owner Class 2014 PSV Remøy Shipping DNV GL 2016 Oil/chemical tanker Terntank BV 2014 General Cargo Egil Ulvan Rederi DNV GL 2016 Gas carrier Navigator Gas ABS 2014 General Cargo Egil Ulvan Rederi DNV GL 2016* Oil/chemical tanker Furetank Rederi BV 2014 PSV Siem Offshore DNV GL 2016 Icebreaker Arctica Shipping LR 2015 PSV Harvey Gulf Int. ABS 2016 Car/passenger ferry Boreal Transport Nord DNV GL 2015 Ro-Ro Norlines DNV GL 2016 Car/passenger ferry Boreal Transport Nord DNV GL 2015 Car/passenger ferry Samsoe municipality DNV GL 2016 Tug CNOOC CCS 2015 PSV Simon Møkster Shipping DNV GL 2016 Gas carrier Chemgas Shipping BV 2015 PSV Siem Offshore DNV GL 2016 Car carrier UECC LR 2015 Ro-Ro Norlines DNV GL 2016 Oil/chemical tanker Terntank BV 2015* Oil/chemical tanker Bergen Tankers LR 2016 Oil/chemical tanker Terntank BV 2015 Car/passenger ferry Society of Quebec ferries LR 2016 Car/passenger ferry BC Ferries LR 2015 Gas carrier Evergas BV 2016 Gas carrier Evergas BV 2015 Gas carrier Evergas BV 2016 PSV Siem Offshore DNV GL 2015 Tug CNOOC CCS 2016 Car/passenger ferry Seaspan Ferries Corp. BV 2015* Car/passenger ferry AG Ems DNV GL 2016 Gas carrier Navigator Gas ABS 2015 Tug NYK NK 2016 Ro-Ro Searoad Holdings DNV GL 2015 Gas carrier Chemgas Shipping BV 2016 Car carrier UECC LR 2015 Gas carrier Evergas BV 2015 PSV Harvey Gulf Int. ABS 2015 Container ship TOTE Shipholdings ABS 2015 Car/passenger ferry AG EMS DNV GL 2015 Bulk ship Erik Thun LR 2016 Container ship TOTE Shipholdings ABS 2016 Gas carrier Evergas BV 2016 PSV Harvey Gulf Int. ABS 2016 Bulkship Erik Thun LR Updated 9 December 2016 Ungraded * Conversion project Excluding LNG carriers and inland waterway vessels

Confirmed orderbook

Year Type of vessel Owner Class Year Type of vessel Owner Class 2016 Car/passenger ferry Society of Quebec ferries LR 2017 Cable layer DEME Tideway DNV GL 2016 Car/passenger ferry Society of Quebec ferries LR 2017 Gas carrier Evergas BV 2016 Tug Drydocks World 2017 Gas carrier Evergas BV 2016 PSV Harvey Gulf Int. ABS 2017 Tug Østensjø Rederi 2016 PSV Harvey Gulf Int. ABS 2017 Tug Østensjø Rederi 2016 PSV Siem Offshore DNV GL 2017 Tug Østensjø Rederi 2016 Gas carrier Evergas BV 2017* Car/passenger ferry BC ferries ABS 2016 PSV Harvey Gulf Int. ABS 2017 RoPax Rederi AB Gotland DNV GL 2016 PSV Siem Offshore DNV GL 2017 Car/passenger ferry Caronte & Tourist RINA 2017 Oil/chemical tanker Groupe Desgagnés BV 2016* Ro-Ro TOTE Shipholdings ABS 2017 Oil/chemical tanker Groupe Desgagnés BV 2016 Car/passenger ferry BC Ferries LR 2017 Oil/chemical tanker Groupe Desgagnés BV 2016 Gas carrier Ocean Yield DNV GL 2017 Oil/chemical tanker Groupe Desgagnés BV 2016 Gas carrier Ocean Yield DNV GL 2017 Car/passenger ferry BC Ferries LR 2016 Gas carrier Ocean Yield DNV GL 2017 Oil/chemical tanker Terntank BV 2016 Car/passenger ferry Seaspan Ferries Corp. BV 2017 Container ship Crowley Maritime Corp. DNV GL 2016 Gas carrier Navigator Gas ABS 2017 Container ship Crowley Maritime Corp. DNV GL 2016 Gas carrier Navigator Gas ABS 2017 RoPax Tallink BV 2016* RoPax Baleària BV 2017 Container ship Brodosplit DNV GL 2016 Dredger DEME BV 2018 Container ship Brodosplit DNV GL 2016 Dredger DEME BV 2018 Bulk ship ESL Shipping DNV GL 2016* Container ship Wessels Reederei BV 2018 Bulk ship ESL Shipping DNV GL 2016 Hopper Barge Bremenports DNV GL 2018 Tug Keppel Smit Towage ABS 2016 HSLC Fred. Olsen DNV GL 2018 Tug Maju Maritime ABS 2018* Car/passenger ferry BC ferries ABS

Updated 9 December 2016 Ungraded * Conversion project Excluding LNG carriers and inland waterway vessels

Confirmed orderbook

Year Type of vessel Owner Class Year Type of vessel Owner Class 2018 Container ship Brodosplit DNV GL 2019 Cruise ship Carnival Corporation RINA 2018 Container ship Brodosplit DNV GL 2019 Cruise ship Carnival Corporation RINA 2018 Car/passenger ferry Royal Doeksen LR 2019 Oil/chemical tanker Älvtank BV 2018 Car/passenger ferry Royal Doeksen LR 2019 Oil/chemical tanker Thun Tankers BV 2018 Car/passenger ferry CHFS LR 2019 RoPax Baleària BV 2018 Car/passenger ferry CHFS LR 2019 Car carrier Siem Car Carriers 2018* Ro-Ro TOTE Shipholdings ABS 2019 Car carrier Siem Car Carriers 2019 Oil/chemical tanker Rosneft 2018 RoPax Rederi AB Gotland DNV GL 2020 Oil/chemical tanker Rosneft 2018 General cargo ship Nordnorsk Shipping DNV GL 2020 Oil/chemical tanker Rosneft 2018 Container ship Containerships ABS 2020 Oil/chemical tanker Rosneft 2018 Container ship Containerships ABS 2020 Oil/chemical tanker Rosneft 2018 Container ship GNS Shipping ABS 2020 RoPax Viking Line 2018 Container ship GNS Shipping ABS 2020 Cruise ship Carnival Corporation RINA 2018 Container ship GNS Shipping ABS 2020 Cruise ship Carnival Corporation 2018 Container ship GNS Shipping ABS 2021 Cruise ship Carnival Corporation 2018 Heavy lift vessel Heerema Offshore LR 2021 Cruise ship Carnival Corporation 2018 Oil/chemical tanker Furetank Rederi BV 2022 Cruise ship Carnival Corporation RINA 2018 Oil/chemical tanker Furetank Rederi BV 2022 Cruise ship MSC Cruises 2018 Dredger DEME BV 2022 Cruise ship RCCL 2018 Bulk ship POSCO KR 2024 Cruise ship MSC Cruises 2018 Dredger van der Kamp DNV GL 2024 Cruise ship RCCL

Updated 9 December 2016 Ungraded * Conversion project Excluding LNG carriers and inland waterway vessels

Updated 9 December 2016 Ungraded Excluding LNG carriers and inland waterway vessels

Ungraded The heat map is based on the LNG fuelled fleet’s AIS positions from 27.11.2016-07.12.2016

14 The development of the IGF code (International Code Of Safety For Ships Using Gases Or Other Low-Flashpoint Fuels)

2004 2009 June 2015 Jan 2017

NMA draft Interim Guidelines IGF Code to IMO MSC.285(86)

° The IGF Code was adopted by IMO in June 2015 (MSC95) and is in force since 1. January 2017 ° Mandatory for all gas and other low flashpoint fuel ships ° Detail requirements for natural gas ° Other low flashpoint fuels allowed, approval based on alternative design approach – More detailed provisions for methyl/ethyl alcohol fuels and fuel cells is under development in IMO correspondence groups now

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° The new DNVGL Rules for Gas fuelled ship installations are covering the requirements in the IGF Code . ° Pt.6 Ch.2 Sec.5 GAS FUELLED SHIP INSTALLATIONS – GAS FUELLED – Class Notation Gas fuelled – Published October 2015 and entered into force January 2016

Pt.6 Ch.2 Sec.5 Gas fuelled ship installations - Gas fuelled

1 General requirements 2 Materials 3 Ship arrangement 4 Fuel containment systems 5 Piping systems 6 Ventilation systems 7 Fire safety 8 Electrical systems 9 Control, monitoring and safety systems 10 Gas turbines and boilers 11 Manufacture, workmanship and testing

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Segregation Double barriers Protect gas fuel installation from Protect the ship against external events leakages

Leakage detection Emergency shutdown Give warning and enable Reduce consequences of a automatic safety actions leakage

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Area with piping systems for liquefied fuel able to contain cryogenic leakages

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Dual fuel engines: • 4 stroke engines (aux.) are available • power range 1-18 MW • most relevant dual fuel engines have DNV GL Type Approval • 2 stroke engine are available • power range 3 – 100 MW

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° 2x 3.100 TEU Container Vessel (plus 3 Options) ° Built by NASSCO Yard, San Diego ° Main engine: 1x 8L 70ME- C8.2 GI ° (MCR 25.2 MW at 104 rpm)

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GL Klassezeichen: 100 A5 E RSA (50) PASSENGER SHIP EU + MC E AUT GF

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New aft ship remaining fore ship

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From road trucks Shore LNG storage tank Portable Gas fuel tank

Ship to ship LNG transfer SIMOPS (Simultaneous Operation)

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*In the LNGi map bunkering barges for inland waterway vessels are also shown, but these projects are not shown here.

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° First cruise vessel in the world equipped with a dual fuel main engine and dual fuel auxiliary boiler to allow the use of LNG as a fuel source when at berth – to generate electricity and steam/hotwater, – Gas consumption of the dual fuel engine is supplied by onshore LNG truck (no LNG tank onboard). ° Regular 7-day-schedule calling Hamburg, Le Havre, Southampton, Zeebrugge and Rotterdam throughout the entire year

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° Pressure Build Up as safe & simple transfer ° Reliable, safe fuelling system system ° Reduction of possible sources of release next to the vessel (less flange connections compared to a pump solution) ° Fuel preparation room ° Safety zone around the LNG truck

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Extensive safety concept developed for LNG fuelling operation (5 s for ESD) ° Double walled hose including monitoring system ° LNG tank safety valves connected with the vent system of the vessel ° QCDC couplings and dry break away coupling for fuelling hose and vent line ° Safety related valves are fail-safe- close (in case of loss of electrical energy supply (blackout), service air, control signals) ° Gas detection at the truck manifold ° CCTV ° Fire fighting equipment Ungraded

° Risk analysis for: – Onboard system – Transfer System – Simultaneous operation

0.00 0.06 km ° Quantitative Risk Assessment for the different Ports – Location specific risk – Societal risk criteria

° Dispersion Analysis

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° Original concept was a pumped solution – Needed to be changed due to logistics and operational reasons – Working closely with partners (Marine Services and DNV GL) developed pressure build up system in short time – Also required QRAs to be revalidated ° Initial safety distances were too large to allow SIMOPS – Double walled hose and reduced activation ESD solved this ° Original supply partners dropped out in late 2015 – Required quick selection of new supplier and haulier ° Approval process – Not consistent despite all ports being in EU – Different approval process required – complicated by truck to ship delivery – Different risk acceptance criteria applied

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° Choose partners – LNG supplier, Class, Flag, Ports, etc with care – Ensure there is shared and common understanding of safety and environmental objectives – Be ready to help educate those that are not familiar with LNG ° Leverage existing experience in this space - join SGMF ° Regular updates critical – Make sure that everyone is kept well informed of status of project and critical deliverable dates etc ° Be prepared for setbacks and ready to intervene if necessary ° Training, exercises and planning are critical – Dry runs invaluable. What works on paper does not always work in practice – Crew training on actual equipment essential, particularly interaction between ship & truck operators – Accidents will happen but can be mitigated by training and readiness to act ° LNG as fuel is not the same as LNG as Cargo Ungraded

° LNG is the only alternative fuel which is already logistically available worldwide in quantities to meet shipping demand. ° The environmental footprint of LNG as fuel is by far lower than the footprint of HFO with Scrubber or MGO. ° Yes, LNG has the potential to become the most relevant fuel solution for environmentally sustainable shipping.

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H2-tanks Flettner rotors

battery • 4 double end ferries system fuel cell system • one departure every 30 minutes podded propulsors • very short time in harbour • speed between 15 and 21 knots

source: Scandlines 2012

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Benjamin Scholz Hans-Günther Albers [email protected] [email protected] +49 40 36149 1825 +49 40 36149 5551

www.dnvgl.com

SAFER, SMARTER, GREENER

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