Place: Assessment
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10. Place: Assessment Prepared for the Airports Commission November 2014 AIRPORTS COMMISSION PLACE: ASSESSMENT Disclaimer Jacobs U.K. Limited This document has been prepared by a division, subsidiary or affiliate of Jacobs U.K. Limited (“Jacobs”) in its professional capacity as consultants in accordance with the terms and conditions of Jacobs’ contract with the commissioning party (the “Client”). Regard should be had to those terms and conditions when considering and/or placing any reliance on this document. No part of this document may be copied or reproduced by any means without prior written permission from Jacobs. If you have received this document in error, please destroy all copies in your possession or control and notify Jacobs. 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AIRPORTS COMMISSION PLACE: ASSESSMENT Contents Contents Executive Summary i Land Take i Landscape, townscape and waterscape iii Heritage Assessment v Waste Assessment vi 1 Introduction 1 2 Land Take 2 2.1 Context and Methodology 2 2.2 Methodology 2 2.3 Assumptions and Limitations 8 2.4 Assessment of Land Take Implications 9 2.5 Land Take Assessment - Gatwick Airport Second Runway 9 2.6 Land Take Assessment - Heathrow Airport Northwest Runway 15 2.7 Land Take Assessment - Heathrow Airport Extended Northern Runway 23 3 Landscape, townscape and waterscape 30 3.1 Context and Methodology 30 3.2 Landscape, Townscape and Visual Impact Assessment – Gatwick Airport Second Runway Scheme 35 3.3 Landscape, Townscape and Visual Impact Assessment – Heathrow Airport Northwest Runway 46 3.4 Landscape, Townscape and Visual Impact Assessment – Heathrow Airport Extended Northern Runway 59 4 Heritage 72 4.1 Methodology 72 4.2 Heritage Assessment - Gatwick Airport Second Runway 74 4.3 Heritage Assessment - Heathrow Northwest Runway 85 4.4 Heritage Assessment - Heathrow Airport Extended Northern Runway 96 5 Waste 103 5.1 Introduction and Methodology 103 5.2 Waste Impact Assessment - Gatwick Airport Second Runway 106 5.3 Waste Impact Assessment - Heathrow Northwest Runway 116 5.4 Waste Impact Assessment -Heathrow Extended Northern Runway 132 Appendix A Methodology and Land Use Categories 156 Appendix B Local Planning Authority GIS Information Received 169 Appendix C Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Methodology 170 Appendix D Heritage Impact Assessment Methodology 179 AIRPORTS COMMISSION PLACE: ASSESSMENT Executive Summary Executive Summary This report provides a review and assessment of the three shortlisted airport schemes against the Airports Commission’s objective of minimising impacts to ‘Place’ as defined below. The three schemes assessed are: • Gatwick Airport Second Runway (Gatwick 2R) promoted by Gatwick Airport Limited (GAL); • Heathrow Airport Northwest Runway (Heathrow NWR) promoted by Heathrow Airport Limited (HAL); and, • Heathrow Airport Extended Northern Runway (Heathrow ENR) promoted by Heathrow Hub Limited (HH). In April 2014, an Appraisal Framework was published by the Airport Commission which identified the methodology that was to be used to further assess the three shortlisted schemes, (Airports Commission, 2014a). This report has been prepared in accordance with the Appraisal Framework and considers the environmental implications of the proposed schemes on Place. The sub-topics identified in the Appraisal Framework to be considered within the assessment of Place impacts are: • Planning and land take; • Landscape, townscape and waterscape; • Heritage; and • Waste. Each of the sub-topics is addressed as separate assessments with their own methodology and combined within this single overall report. The assessment uses the ‘Do Minimum’ baseline information in the Place: Baseline report, (Jacobs, 2014f). Land Take The land take assessment is a desk based review of the type and quantity of land take (classified by its land use and coverage) for each of the three shortlisted airport schemes. This review has looked at direct land take and property loss required for the Airport expansion areas. In addition, potential impacts from surface access construction and flood storage areas have been considered. These areas have been defined based on Jacobs’ assessment of the airport development footprint and surface access requirements as provided by the scheme promoters. Areas affected by high noise levels which could be subject to planning constraints and areas within Public Safety Zones (PSZs) where planning restrictions apply to minimise risk to life in the event of an airport accident have also been considered. The results of Jacobs’ assessment have been compared against the information provided by each of the scheme promoters to identify areas of difference. Direct land take and potential indirect land use impacts have been identified separately. The analysis undertaken is based on the mapping shown in the accompanying Place Figures report. i AIRPORTS COMMISSION PLACE: ASSESSMENT Executive Summary Gatwick Airport Second Runway Land Take Assessment The land take associated with the proposed Gatwick Airport Second Runway (Gatwick 2R) expansion and the areas potentially affected by surface access construction 1 is estimated as 624 ha and 78.2 ha respectively. No agricultural land within the land take area was found to be with grades 1 or 2. Approximately 189.3 ha is ALC grade 3 and 172.9 ha is ALC grade 4, whilst the rest is of unknown classification. A total of 168 residential properties lie within the predicted Gatwick 2R expansion land take and are likely to need to be demolished. An additional 37 residential properties are within the 100m buffer that has been applied either side of the proposed transport infrastructure routes and could potentially be lost to the surface access improvements depending on detailed route and construction design. Approximately 9.2ha of the proposed airport expansion for the Gatwick 2R scheme is within designated Green Belt. Heathrow Airport Northwest Runway Land Take Assessment The land take associated with the proposed Heathrow Airport Northwest Runway (NWR) airport expansion and potential land affected by surface access construction 2, is approximately 568.8 ha and 294.2 ha respectively. An additional 42.9 ha of land is identified for flood storage. Of the potential agricultural land lost, approximately 181.5 ha is Agricultural Land Classification (ALC) grade 1, 2 or 3 land (grade 1, 2 and 3a is considered as best and most versatile agricultural land). An additional 19.1 ha of grade 1 and 3 ALC land lies within the flood storage areas identified. The quality of the remaining agricultural land is not classified. A total of 783 residential properties lie within the Heathrow NWR airport expansion land take and are likely to need to be demolished. An additional 289 residential properties are within the 100m buffer that has been applied either side of the proposed transport infrastructure routes and could potentially be lost to the surface access improvements depending on detailed route and construction design. Approximately 431 ha of the Heathrow NWR airport expansion is within designated Green Belt land. As a result the development would significantly change the land use within this Green Belt area which was designated to control urban sprawl and maintain largely undeveloped land between urban areas. Heathrow Airport Extended Northern Runway Land Take Assessment The land take associated with the Heathrow Airport Extended Northern Runway (ENR) airport expansion and potential land affected by surface access construction 3 is approximately 335.7 ha and 329.8 ha respectively. An additional 57.3 ha of land is identified for flood storage. 1 Areas potentially affected by surface access infrastructure construction are based on a 100m buffer area defined either side of each route; this is intended as an indicative area appropriate for this strategic stage given uncertainties in route alignment, design and construction approaches. 2 As above. 3 As above. ii AIRPORTS COMMISSION PLACE: ASSESSMENT Executive Summary Of the potential agricultural land lost, approximately 69.1 ha is ALC grade 1, 2 or 3 land (grade 1, 2 and 3a are considered best and most versatile land) and the classification of the remaining area is unknown. In addition, a further approximately 27 ha of grade 1 to 3 land lies within the flood storage areas. A total of 242 residential properties lie within the airport land take and are likely to need to be demolished.