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3 Breast Tax : Social Oppression of Dalit Women Contemporary Social Sciences Double-blind Reviewed, Indexed & Refereed Quarterly International Journal Approved by University Grants Commission (UGC) Index Copernicus ICV : 62.45; General Impact Factor : 2.495 Global Impact Factor : 0.765; NAAS Rating : 2.88; InfoBase Index : 3.64 Founder Padma Shri S. S. Shashi Chief Editor Dharam Vir Volume 26, Number 3 (July-September), 2017 RESEARCH FOUNDATION INTERNATIONAL (INDIA) Affiliated to United Nations Organization (UNO) (An Autonomous, Registered (1972), Recognized Charitable Organization of Social Scientists, Authors, Journalists and Social Activists) <Visit us at : https://www.jndmeerut.org> <e-mail : [email protected]> Editorial Board FOUNDER Padma Shri S. S. Shashi, Executive Chairman, Research Foundation International (India) and Former Director General, Publications Division, Government of India, ‘Anusandhan’, B-4/245, Safdarjung Enclave, New Delhi–110 029, India. CHIEF EDITOR Dharam Vir, Former Head, Department of Post-graduate Studies and Research in Sociology, Nanakchand Anglo Sanskrit College, CCS University, Meerut–250 004, India. ASSOCIATE EDITORS Sanjeev Mahajan, Department of Post-graduate Studies and Research in Sociology, Nanakchand Anglo Sanskrit College, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut–250 004, India. Richa Singh, Secretary (Academics), Social Science Division, Research Foundation International (India), Delhi–110 029, India. MANAGING EDITOR Kamlesh Mahajan, Former Head, Department of Sociology, Ismail National Mahila Post-graduate College, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut–250 004, India. BOOK REVIEW EDITOR S. K. Gupta, Professor of Sociology (Retired), Panjab University, Chandigarh–160 014, India. CONSULTING EDITORS Dr. A. K. Singh (Assistant Coordinator, IGNOU Centre, Rohini, Delhi); Prof. B. K. Nagla (M. D. University, Rohtak); Prof. Bhoumik Deshmukh (University of Pune, Pune); Prof. D. P. Singh (NIILM-CMS, Noida, India); Prof. Ho Chin Siong (Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia); Prof. I. S. Chauhan (Former Vice-Chancellor, Barakatulla University, Bhopal); Dr. László Vasa, (Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Szent István University, Hungary); Dr. Mamta Singh (Academic Counsellor, IGNOU Centre, Rohini, Delhi); Prof. Neelam Grewal (Dean Postgraduate Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana); Dr. R. W. Sherman, (Adjunct Associate Professor, Silberman School of Social Work, New York); Prof. S. S. Sharma (CCS University, Meerut); Prof. S. K. Gupta (Panjab University, Chandigarh); Prof. Satya Prakash (Department of Law, N. A. S. College, Meerut); Prof. Wang Xiaoyi (Director, Rural and Industrial Sociology, Institute of Sociology, Chinese Academic of Social Sciences, Beijing, China). ISSN 0302-9298 World Copyrights of articles published in CSS are controlled by Contemporary Social Sciences, 1972. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without written permission of the Editor. Contents 1. Khagi Caste Reservation and Emerging Patterns of Leadership Tejpal Singh 1 2. Globalization and Indian English Fiction Rahul Singhal 9 3. Breast Tax : Social Oppression of Dalit Women Vichitra Gupta 17 4. Empowerment of Women through Higher Education of IGNOU Amit Chaturvedi and Bhanu Pratap Singh 27 5. Desirability and Feasibility of Holding Simultaneous Elections in India Triranjan Raj 41 6. Social Area Analysis and Case Study of Virugambakkam Ward in Chennai District, Tamil Nadu (Using Statistical Techniques) Dayalan, N. 59 7. Right to Education Act : A Catalyst to Development Soumen Saha and R. P. Juyal 77 8. Active and Reflective Learning Styles among Adolescents and their Siblings and its Relation to their Academic Achievements Supriya Yadav and Mukta Garg 89 9. Prevailing Market Trends in the Upper Garments for Young Women Neha Sood and Harminder Kaur Saini 95 10. Social Networking Sites and Adolescents Pirshant Kumar and Deepika Verma 103 11. Implementation of Governance Reforms in Punjab : Delivering Services with Citizen Centric Approach Meenakshi Madaan 111 12. Ethnicity and Land Ownership in Nepal Tika Ram Gautam 123 13. Women, Education and Stereotyping : An Analysis on Participation of Women in Higher Education Manik Sharma 137 14. Social Media : An Emerging Tool of Teaching and Learning Pirshant Kumar 149 15. Infrastructure of Powerloom Shawl Weaving Units in Ludhiana Omika Sharma and Vandana Gondotra 155 Contents (Continued) 16. Child Sexual Abuse and the POCSO Act Geetika Garg 161 17. Elementary Educational Status of Girl Child in Rural India : A Sociological Analysis of Uttar Pradesh Mamta Sagar 173 18. Culture and Displacement : Two Case Studies Rajni Bala 183 19. Communication and Development Manoj Kumar Srivastava 191 20. Critical Theory and Social Movement Analysis : Theoretical Insights into New Social Movements Yumlembam Khogen Singh 199 21. Role of National Movement of Twentieth Century in the Elevation of Women’s Education : A Review Article Seema Chaudhary 207 22. Inter-Gender Drudgery in Paddy Cultivation Anshu and S. K. Varma 213 23. Telecom Infrastructure Development : Study of Rural India Faiza Nafees 219 24. GST in India : Beneficial or not ? Rekha Garg 225 25. The Realities of Aging in India Renu Agarwal 233 26. Who Accesses to Media in Taiwan? A Study on Public Access Channels in Cable Television Systems Ping-Hung Chen and Yu-Yi Chen 241 1 Khagi Caste Reservation and Emerging Patterns of Leadership Tejpal Singh* Leadership plays an important role in shaping the socio-economic and political structure of any society. Emergence and development of leadership is the result of social interaction among the members of the community. The term “caste” is used to designate each unit n the hierarchically arranged organic systems of closed groups to be found on the Indian subcontinent. Reservation is a mean to increase representation of hitherto under-represented caste groups and thereby improve diversity on campus. The findings are the benefits of reservation all the three level of panchayat the crowds got crowded before the male literacy rate was 5% & female was nil but after the interest in education male literacy became 25% & female increase 15% from Zero. The working so he aware the people after the reservation they aware about the politics & competition. The independence of Khagi Caste leadership is trying to near about the education & always try to stop the social & economic loss of Khagi Caste. Leadership is committed to make the inter college for making the atmosphere in villages. Leadership is trying to make the social equilibrium to aware about the women. The respect and Khagi people and Khagi leadership acceptance will increase by other caste. The drunkenness, dowry and child marriage stops. [Keywords : Leadership, Varna system, Caste, OBC, Reservation, Constitution, Emerging pattern, Child marriage] 1. Introduction of the Problem Leadership is the exercise of power or influence in social collectivities, such as groups, organizations, communities or nations. This power may be addressed to * Research Scholar, Department of Sociology, CCS University Campus, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh (India) E-mail: <[email protected]> CONTEMPORARY SOCIAL SCIENCES, Vol. 26, No. 3 (July-September), 2017 2 Tejpal Singh any or all the three very general and related functions establishing the goals, purpose or objectives or the collectivity, creating the structures through which the purposes of the collectivity are fulfilled; and maintaining or enhancing these structures, sociological studies have emphasized the last function. This emphasis has implied on the interest in the role of leadership in maintaining the integrity and viability of the collectively against threats, both internal and external in maintaining collective orders and unity (Sills, 1968). Some social scientists understands leadership as a necessary social function within groups and institution, while others interpret in terms of individual characteristics that seed the drive for power and facilitate success or failure in exercise. Leadership plays an important role in shaping the socio- economic and political structure of any society. Emergence and development of leadership is the result of social interaction among the members of the community. Establishment of leadership is the leadership pattern is fully determined by the individuals powers and influence over the society. In any developing society, where the process of modernization of political structure is going on at a rapid pace, the study of the leadership pattern appears to be changing from the traditional oriented system to the modern institutional system. The term “caste” is used to designate each unit n the hierarchically arranged organic systems of closed groups to be found on the Indian subcontinent. Besides this, it has been applied to the classical division of Hindu society and to systems of ranked and closed populations found outside India. The Indian caste system presents an extraordinarily complex social phenomenon. The great size and spatial extension of the population concerned and the close interlocking of religious and secular features have produce a luxuriance of local variation form which it is difficult to draw consistent features and give them their precise emphasis. Social scientists have been interested in the caste system as a type of social stratification. But for a long time their knowledge rested on the largely descriptive accounts of writers interested in providing general ethnographic, on the Hindu literary classes. It is only in
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