Environmental Impact Assessment (DRAFT) December 2014 IND: South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation Road Connectivity Investment Program – Tranche 1 (Non-sample subproject) Imphal – Kangchup -Tamenglong Road Prepared by Manipur Public Works Department, Government of India for the Asian Development Bank. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (As of 15 December 2014) Currency unit – Indian rupee (INR) INR1.00 = $ 0.01597 $1.00 = INR 62.6345 ABBREVIATION AADT Annual Average Daily Traffic AAQ Ambient air quality AAQM Ambient air quality monitoring ADB Asian Development Bank AH Asian Highway ASI Archaeological Survey of India BDL Below detectable limit BGL Below ground level BOD Biochemical oxygen demand BOQ Bill of quantity CCE Chief Controller of Explosives CGWA Central Ground Water Authority CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species CO Carbon monoxide COD Chemical oxygen demand CPCB Central Pollution Control Board CSC Construction Supervision Consultant DFO Divisional Forest Officer DG Diesel generating set DO Dissolved oxygen DPR Detailed project report E&S Environment and social EA Executing agency EAC Expert Appraisal Committee EFP Environmental Focal Person EHS Environment Health and Safety EIA Environmental impact assessment EMOP Environmental monitoring plan EMP Environmental management plan ESCAP United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific GHG Greenhouse gas GIS Geographical information system GOI Government of India GRC Grievance redress committee GRM Grievance redress mechanism HFL Highest flood level IA Implementing Agency IMD Indian Meteorological Department IRC Indian Road Congress IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature IVI Important value index JDA Jalpaiguri Development Authority LHS Left hand side LPG Liquefied petroleum gas Max Maximum Min Minimum MJB Major bridge MNB Minor bridge MOEF Ministry of Environment and Forests MORSTH/ Ministry of Road Surface Transport and Highways MORTH MPRSD Master Plan Road Sector Development N, S, E, W, Wind Directions (North, South, East, West or combination of NE, SW, Two directions like South West, North West) NW NGO Non-governmental organization NH National Highway NOC No Objection Certificate NOx Oxides of nitrogen NPL National Physical Laboratory, U.K. NWBI National Wildlife Board of India PAH Project Affected Household PAP Project Affected Persons PAS Protected Areas PCC Portland Cement Concrete PCR Public Community Resources PCU Passenger Car Units PD Project Director PM Particulate Matter PIU Project Implementation Unit PPE Personal protective equipment PPT Parts per trillion PPTA Project Preparedness Technical Assistance PUC Pollution Under Control PWD Public Works Department R & R Rehabilitation and Resettlement RCC Reinforced cement concrete RHS Right hand side ROB Road Over Bridge ROW Right of way RSPM Respiratory suspended particulate matter SAARC South Asian Association for Regional Corporation SC Scheduled Cast – Name of a community in India SEIAA State Environmental Impact Assessment Authority SEMU Social and Environmental Management Unit SH State highway SIA Social Impact Assessment SO2 Sulphur Dioxide SOI Survey of India SPCB State Pollution Control Board SPL Sound Pressure Level SPM Suspended Particulate Matter SPS ADB Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009 ST Scheduled Tribes TA Technical assistance TDS Total dissolved solids TSS Total Suspended Solids UA Urban Agglomeration UIDSSMT Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small and Medium Towns UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency UT Union Territories WHC Water holding capacity WWF World Wildlife Fund ZSI Zoological survey of India WEIGHTS AND MEASURES dB(A) – A-weighted decibel ha – hectare km – kilometre km2 – square kilometre KWA – kilowatt ampere Leq – equivalent continuous noise level µg – microgram m – meter MW (megawatt) – megawatt PM 2.5 or 10 – Particulate Matter of 2.5 micron or 10 micron size NOTE In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. This environmental impact assessment is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY I I. INTRODUCTION 1 A. Project Background and Rationale 1 B. Project Road 2 C. Objective and Scope of the Study 5 D. Methodology Adopted for EIA Study 5 E. Structure of the Report 7 II. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORKS 8 A. National (India) Environmental Policy Framework 8 B. International Treaties and Relevance to the Project 12 C. ADB Safeguard Policy Statement Requirements 13 D. Category of the Project 13 III. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 20 A. Type of Project 20 B. Need for the Project 20 C. Location and Features of the Project Road 21 D. Engineering Surveys and Investigations 27 E. Traffic Surveys 27 F. The Design 33 G. Project Facilities 49 H. Proposed Right of Way 50 I. Land Acquisition 51 J. Safety Features 51 K. Drainage Design Standards 52 L. Recommendation for Bridges 52 M. Roadside Ditches / Drains 53 N. Design of Highway Tunnel 54 O. Shifting of Utilities 55 P. Road Construction Materials 55 Q. Project Cost 56 R. Construction Packaging and Implementation Schedule 56 S. Project Benefits 56 IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 58 A. Introduction 58 B. Physical Environment 58 C. Biological Environment 85 D. Socio-economic Environment 96 V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 101 A. Introduction 101 B. Positive Environmental Impacts due to improvement of subproject road sections 102 C. Adverse Environmental Impacts due to improvement of subproject road sections 102 D. Impacts Related to Project Location, Preliminary Planning and Design 103 E. Environmental Impacts - Construction Stage 106 F. Environmental Impacts - Operation Phase 140 G. Cumulative and Induced Environmental Impacts 141 H. Potential Environmental Enhancement/ Protection Measures 144 VI. CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS AND RISKS 145 A. Climate Change Mitigation 145 B. Climate Risks and Adapation Needs 147 VII. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 150 A. Introduction 150 B. ‘With Project’ and ‘Without Project’ Scenario 150 C. Location and Alignment Alternatives 155 D. Alignment Modifications due to Environmental Considerations 158 E. Engineering / Technological Alternatives 158 VIII. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 159 A. Objectives of Consultations 159 B. Methodology used for Consultations 159 C. Identification of Stakeholders 160 D. Results of Consultations 165 E. Interaction with Local/National and International NGOs 166 F. Public Disclosure 167 IX. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AND GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM168 A. Introduction 168 B. Objectives of Environmental Management Plan 168 C. Impacts and Mitigation Measures 168 D. Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Program 171 E. Environmental Reporting System 172 F. Institutional Requirements 185 G. Environmental Management Budget 189 H. Grievance Redress Mechanism 192 X. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 194 Table 1: List of Subprojects included in the Project ................................................................... 2 i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A. Introduction 1. This report summarizes the findings and results of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for Imphal-Kanchup-Tamenglong Road section (non-sample subproject). This subproject is covered under Tranche 1 of ADB’s SASEC Regional Road Connectivity Investment Program in India. The subproject road is located in Manipur State of India. The report also briefly describes the Project, existing environmental conditions in the project area, anticipated environmental impacts and corresponding mitigation measures, public consultation process, the environmental management plan (EMP) and its monitoring plan. 2. The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for the proposed subproject has been carried out as part of project preparation and in compliance with Environmental Assessment and Review Framework (EARF1) for the Project. B. Description of the Project 3. The project road starts at a Imphal City and ends at Tamenglong covering a total length of 111.055 kms. The alignment passes through districts of West Imphal and Tamenglong connecting major settlements Imphal, Kangchup, Haochong, Bhalok and Tamenglong. The initial 15 km of project road alignment from Imphal to Kangchup is an existing road in plain terrain, whereas alignment between Kangchup to Tamenglong (about 96 km) is new greenfield alignment mostly located in mountainous terrain. The present road section is proposed for improvement and upgradation to four land (in plain areas) and two lane (in hilly terrain) configurations with shoulders and side drains. Table 1 shows information about the Project Road. Table 1: Information of the Project Road Subproject Project Name of the Project Districts State No. Length (km) Improvement and Upgradation of Tranche 1 111.055 Imphal West Manipur Imphal-Kanchup-Tamenglong Road non-sample and Section in the State of Manipur subproject Tamenglong No. 3 4. The project road provides shortest connectivity for the State of “East West Corridor” of the National