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DOCUMENT RESUME OW. ED 225 805 SE 039 830 TITLE U.S. Science and Technology under Budget Stress. Hearings before the Committee on Science and Technology. U.S. House of RepreseRtatives,. .; Ninety-Seventh Congress, First and Second Sessions. (December 10, 1981, and February 2-4, 1982). [No. 118]. INSTITUTION Congress of the U.S., Washington, D.C. House Committee on Science and Technology. PUB DATE 82 A NOTE 441p.; Document contains some marginal legibility. PUB TYPE 'Legal/Legislative/Regulatory Materials (090) Reports General (140) _ ,EDRS PRICE MF01/PC18 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Budgets; Engineering Education; *Federal Aid; *Federal.Programs; Fipancial Support; Government School Relationship; Higher Education; Industry; Research Needs; Science Education; *Sciences; *Scientific Research; *Technology IDENTIFIERS Government Industry Relationship; *ScienceF5Olicy ABSTRACT Recorded in.this document are hearings before the Committee on Science and Technology (U.S. House of Representatives). The central issues addressed in the hearings were w,hether the need for long-term steadiness in technology investment is holding its own against short-term budget expendiencieS, and in particular, whether the budget stress is upsetting the government-university and government-industry relationships which had cataRulted this country into postwar technollogical leadership. Following 'testimony by George A. Keyworth II(Director,. Office of Science and Technology, Executive Office of the President) on President Reagan's science policy, additional /testimony was provided by college presidents, scientists, and representatives of governmgnt and industry, addressing both general issues and those directly related to their specific areas. For example, impacts of budget cuts on science and technology programs, graduate study, and research facilities/equipmentWere among the issues addressed by the college presidents. Preparedy statements by witnesses and a summary report (supplementing teslimony of frank Press, President, National Academy of Sciences) of a conference on reserch and develbpment budget for 1982 and future years are included. (JN) *********************************************************************** Reproduc94ons supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. L *********************************************************************** U.S. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 4 . UNDER BUDGET STRESS HEARINGS BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IP U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES- NiSETY-SEVENTII CaSIGRESS FIRST AND SECOND SESSIONS DECEMBER 10, 1981; FEBRUARY 2, 3, 4, 1982 [No. 11.8] Printed for the use of the Committee on Science aud Technology GOVERNMENT PRINT.ING OFFICE 0 WASHINGTON 1052 commirrEE ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DON FUQUA,Florida; Chairman WBERT A ROE, New Jersey LARRY WINN, JR., Kansas GEORGE E BLOWN, JR., California BARRY M. GOLDWATER, JR.5 California JAMES H SCffEUER, New York HAMILTON FISH, Ja , New York RICHARD L OTTINGER, New York MANUEL LUJAN, New Mexico TOM HARKIN, Iowa HAROLD C. HOil.ENBECK, New Jersey MARILYN LWYD BOUQUARD, Tennessee ROBERT S WALKER, Pennsylvania JAMES J. BLANCHARD, Michigan EDWIN FORSYTHE, New iersey TIMOTHY WIRTH, Colorado' WILLIAM CARNEY, New York DOUG WALGREN, Pennsylvtima MARGARET'M HECKLER, Massachusetts RONNIE G FLIPPO, Alabama F JAMES SENSENBRENNER, JR., DAN GLICKMAN, Kansas Wisconsin ALBERT GORE, Ja., Tennessee VIN WEBER, Minnesota JUDD GREGG, New-Hampshire , ROBERT A. YOUNG, Missouri RICHARD C. WHITE, Texas RAYMbND J. McGRATH, New York , HATtOLD L VOLKMER, Missouri JOE SKEEN; New Mexico HOWARD WOLPf, Michigan CLAUDINE SCHNEIDER, Rhode Island BILL NELSON, Florida JIM DUNN, Michigan STAI4LEY N.,LUNDINE, New Yor BILL LOWERY, California ALLEN E. ER'TEL, Pennsylvania BOB SHAMANSKY, Ohio RALPH M. HALL, Texas c DAVE McCURDY,'Dklahoma MERVYN M DYMALLY, Cttlifornia HAROLD P. HANSON, Executive Dicector ROBERT C KETCHAM, General Counsel REDINA A. DAVIS, Administrator GE;ALD E. JENKS, Minority iStaff Director 'On assigninent to Budgetkommittee for 97th Congress 5. , ' S. w .1C 4. CONTENTS WITNESSES December 10, 1981 Dr George A Keyworth II, Director, Office of Soltrice and Technology Page Policy,,Executive Office of the President , 6 Dr Frank Press, president, National Academy of Sciences .. ....,. i6 Dr H Guyford Stever, Ph D , chairman, A§sembly of Engineering, Na- tional Resource Council... .. ... ... 109" 4 February 2, 1982. Dr David S Saxon, president, University of California . 147 Daid Webb, vice president, policy and regulatory affairs, Gas Research Institute . 169 Dr Vico E Henriques, president, Computer & Business Equipment Man- ufacturers Association . ...... .... ..... .... ......... .. 220 The Honorable Berkley Bedell, Member, House of Representatives, State of Iowa . , . .. ...... .. .. ....... .. ; 281 February 3. 1982 Dr D Allati Bromley, chairman, board of directors, American Associ- , anon for the Advancement of Science. 286. Dr Robert W Parry, president, American ChenncalSociety and Fred Basolo, Morrsion Professor of Chemistry at Northwestern University ., and president-elect Of the American Chemical Society ......... ... 333 Dr James Watson, Nobel Laureate, member, delegation for basic bio- medical research, director, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory . 343 Dr A Carl Leopold, William C Crocker Scientist, Boyce Thompson Insti- tute, Ithaca. N Y , on behalf of the American Institute of Biological Sciences .. .. , ' 347 February 4, 1982. Dr Edward J Blouste4n, president, Rutgers, the State University bf New Jersey, New Brunswjck, N.J ................ ......... 384 Qr Walter L. Smith, Dresident, Florida Agricultural & Mechanical Urn- - versity, Tallahassee, Fla. ,,__ 403 Dr C.,Peter Magrath, president, University of Minnesota. ,.. 410 Dr Norman Hackerrnan, president, Rice University . .-. 421 -. \J. n U.S. SCIENCE.AND TECHNOLOGY.UNDER BUDGET, STRESS THURSDAY; DECEMBER 10, 1981 ' HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, ° Washington, D.C. The comittee met, pursuant to call, at 9:30 a.m., in room 2318, Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. Don Fuqua (chairman of the committee) presiding. Mr. FUQUA. The committee will be in order: I would like to welcome our distinguished witnesses today and. thank all those in the audience for their support of efforts to sus- tain the scientific and thchnical vitality of this country through this period of bfidget stress. I, personally, have strong respect for the President's determina- tion to break the spiral of inflation. I have supported his notion that strong Federal budget restraint was a means to achieve this end I -have even understood his sense that expectations had to be changed suddenly and dramatically. However, there are crucial long-range considerations which go beyond the shifting politics of this year s budget deficit. This com- mittee's special stewardship for the Nation's science and technol- ogy enterprise has taught us that there will be bpdget issues before the Congress in whicli the long-range considerations should weigh as heavily as iri science and technology. Preserving continuity in the progress of scientific knowledge and in the development of technology is an ivestmentin the future. This investment has proven over and o er to offer payoffs beyond oui wildest dreams. This is, of course, where the President's goals of strengthening this Nation's security, enhancing its productivity, and building its innovative capability clash with his goal of sudden change in budg- etary assumptions. We must insist on a reasonable balance anfong those goals. There will be no`security or leadership in a technological world for a nation that is willing, for short-term expediency, to interrupt the training and careers of it.T most talented scientists and engineers, or abandon its most promising technical endeavors. Today, the committee is beginning its inquiry to whether the administration, through budget and other actions, is striking the appropriate balance. We will continue this with further hearings in February and through the budget authorization process next year. We will work ,elosely with our Senate colleagues who share our concern for the vii'ality of science and technology. (1) 6 2 4 feel confident that the recognition Of the need to inject long- ratige thinking into the short-range budget number juggling will be recognized on a bipartisan basis. We will place heavy reliance on the advice of the country's cien- tific and technological leadership in this process. They k4ow as well as yve do that budget stress is a fact of life, and that tem- pered or self-serving demands will have little credibilit However, 'initiatives like that of Dr Press in conveninge un- precedented October National Academy meeting on science budgets are cif enotmous value to us. The process started there will help us cealistically assess the extent of damage to the health of science - and technology, and seek ways to avoid and repair in the future. .The central question of Our hearings is whether the ,need for long-term steadiness in technology investment.is holding its own against short-term budget expediencies. There are some who say that tthere is evidence building that indicates the answer is "No We have heard many anguished voices claiming that current ac, tions and policies are disrupting proven national laboratories and interrupting promising and productive programs. We want-to know whether the budget stress is upsetting the very, Government-university and , Government-industryrelationships which had catapulted this
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