Variations in Paleodrainage and Depositional Style:
Underfilled and Overfilled Foreland (Deep Basin) Western Canada Sedimentary Basin
Brian A. Zaitlin Zaitlin Geoconsulting Ltd.
Thomas F. Moslow Moslow Geoscience Consulting Ltd.
Outline
Key Points
Geologic Setting Basin Tectonics, Compartmentalization, Accommodation, Stratigraphy, Source Rocks, Deep Basin Pressure Systems, Porosity styles, Shoreline models (Asymmetrical Delta Model)
WCSB Drilling Activity
Underfilled vs. Overfilled Foreland Basin Underfilled FB: e.g. Nordegg, Nikinassin, BQ and equivalents, Spirit River Overfilled FB: e.g. Dunvegan, Belly River Formations
Summary and Conclusions
Acknowledgements Key Points
Four key plays actively being pursued presently in the WCSB Duvernay, Montney, Spirit River (Wilrich), Viking
WCSB Foreland Basin is divisible into: Underfilled Foreland Basin sequence Overfilled Foreland Basin sequence Pre-Foreland Basin sequence
Paleodrainage: South to north for the underfilled foreland basin West to east for the overfilled foreland basin
Shoreline geometry East - west for the underfilled foreland basin - Prograding to the north North – south for the overfilled foreland basin - Prograding to the east Major North American Unconventional Plays
“….. best strategy ….. is to focus on growth companies with the lowest cost structures in the best basins and ‘cash harvesters’ with low sustaining capital requirements.” BMO Capital Markets O&G: North America Jan 16, 2017
5 Main areas
Questions:
1- Is the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin a “best in class basin”?
2- What are the active plays presently in the WCSB?
Oil and Gas in the WCSB
Spirit River Wilrich, Falher Notikewan
Alberta
Area: 661,848 km2
Texas
Area: 696,241 km2 Western Canada Sedimentary Basin Tectonic Evolution
Edmonton Group Belly River Cardium Dunvegan Second White Specks Viking Joli fou/Basal Colorado
Mannville Spirit River (Wilrich/Falher/Notikewan
Glauconitic Foreland Basin Foreland Ostrocod BQ-Ellerslie
Fernie, Poker Chip Rock Creek Nordegg
Foreland Foreland
Basin
- Pre
ERCB ST-98-2011 Burial History Curves Compartmentalization of the WCSB Shear Zone “Piano Key” Effect
GSC Magnetic Map of WCSB
GSLSZ
SnowBird Tectonic Zone
Vulcan Suture
(WCSB Atlas, 1994; Pierce and Griffiths, 2003, 2005) Key - Major Source Rocks in the WCSB
16+ Source Rock Intervals on WCSB
Key Source Rocks
SWS Colorado Group Source Rocks (e.g. 1st Specks, Fish Scales, Joli Fou) Foreland Basin Ostracod Fernie/Poker Chip
Foreland Basin Nordegg
Pardonet Baldonnel Doig Phosphate Montney Banff
Exshaw
Foreland Basin
Foreland Basin
-
- Calmar/Ireton
Duvernay Pre Pre Elk Point
USGS Fact Sheet - Assessment of Undiscovered Conventional Oil and Gas Resources of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin, Canada, 2012 WCSB - Multiple Hydrocarbon Systems (5)
Key Source Rock Intervals
Overfilled Foreland Basin Belly River - Cardium – SWS – Barons – Viking 5 Key SR = SWS ,Colorado Shale, Joli Fou
Underfilled Foreland Basin Mannville - Ostracod – Jurassic
Foreland Basin 4 Key SR = Nordegg, Ostracod Secondary Potential Source Rocks: Poker Chip, Fernie, Beatie Creek
Clastic Dominated Shelf – Ramp - Subcrop
Charlie Lk, Halfway, Doig, Montney 3 Key SR – Charlie Lk, Doig Phosphate, Montney Shale Carbonate Dominated Shelf – Ramp 2 Banff – Exshaw – Wabamun Key SR – Stettler, Exshaw, Banff
Carbonate Dominated Shelf – Basin Foreland Basin
BHL, Slave Point, Duvernay - 1
Key SR – Duvernay + secondary SR Pre
USGS Fact Sheet - Assessment of Undiscovered Conventional Oil and Gas Resources of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin, Canada, 2012 3 Stacked Techniques for Defining the Deep Basin Systems Deep Basin
Edmonton Group Belly River Cardium
Dunvegan
Overfilled Overfilled Second White Specks
Foreland Basin Foreland Viking Jurassic - Cretaceous Joli fou/Basal Colorado Foreland
“Deep Basin” U Mannville
Spirit River (Wilrich/Falher/Notikewan
Foreland Basin Glauconitic Ostrocod
BQ-Ellerslie Underfilled
Foreland Basin Foreland Fernie, Rock Creek Nordegg Triassic
“Deep Basin”
Mississippian – Devonian
“Deep Basin”
Foreland Basin
-
Pre Burnie et al., 2005
Ward, unpublished Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (WCSB)
Foreland Basin
Edmonton Group
Belly River
Cardium Dunvegan Second White Specks
Overfilled Overfilled Viking
Foreland Basin Foreland Joli fou/Basal Colorado
Mannville
Spirit River (Wilrich/Falher/Notikewan Glauconitic Foreland Basin Ostrocod BQ-Ellerslie
Underfilled Fernie, Poker Chip Rock Creek
Foreland Basin Foreland Nordegg
Accommodation
Cycles
Foreland Basin
-
USGS Fact Sheet -
Pre Assessment of Undiscovered Conventional Oil and Gas Resources of the Western Pre - Foreland Canada Sedimentary Basin, Basin Canada, 2012 WCSB Drilling Activity - Rig Count
5 Year Average
2015 vs. 2016 activity
Increase mid 2016 into 2017
Top Plays based on activity:
Viking Spirit River Group Montney Duvernay
Kwan, Van Bolhuis, and Murphy, February 3, 2017 Top Wells - 2015 Drilling Activity
BMO Oil and Gas: E&P – Canada Report Top Wells – Alberta (January-December 2015) Top 40 wells (one-month, three-month and twelve-month cumulative basis) organized: 20 best oil/condensate rate and 20 best raw natural gas rate bbl/d, mmcf/d and boe/d (calendar day rate) Location, Producing formation, Spud and On Production Date, TVD, bbl/d, mmcf/d, boe/d, % oil, % gas
Caveat: Useful screening tool; however these are just rates, and aren’t necessarily indicative of: relative economics, including IRRs, NPVs, payouts, etc. and returns from a corporate perspective
Disorganized Organized This study then took BMO data, re-classified by:
Overfilled Foreland Basin Underfilled Foreland Basin Pre-foreland Basin
Kwan and van Bolhuis, 2016 IP30 vs Cumulative and Decline Rate% Top 2015 Drilling Activity Last 12 Months Top 20 Monthly Oil/Condensate Wells (Calendar Day Rate)
4 wells - Deep Basin – Overfilled Foreland Basin – (1 Belly River and 3 Dunvegan) 1 well - Deep Basin – Underfilled Foreland Basin – (1 Gething) 15 wells - Deep Basin - Pre-foreland Basin – (Doig, Montney, Bakken, Swan Hills, Halfway, Dulwood, Charlie Lake)
Kwan and van Bolhuis, 2016 Top 2015 Drilling Activity IP30 vs Cumulative and Decline Rate% Last 12 Months Top 20 Monthly Gas Wells (Calendar Day Rate)
0 wells - Deep Basin – Overfilled Foreland Basin 20 wells - Deep Basin – Underfilled Foreland Basin – Spirit River Group 0 wells - Deep Basin - Pre-foreland Basin
Kwan and van Bolhuis, 2016 Top 2015 Drilling Activity Distribution of Top AB Gas Wells (based on IP 30)
Top 20/20 gas wells Spirit River
Gething Oil Reservoir Trends (yellow) Dunvegan Oil (2) Dunvegan Oil Underfilled FB
5/20 Top Oil Wells
Overfilled FB Belly River Oil Underfilled FB
C. Stephens, CSUR Luncheon Presentation, 2016 Production and Well Count IP90 Average Rate – Wells on Stream in 2016
Viking N ~960 wells IP90 ~ 90boepd Spirit River N ~ 390 wells IP90 ~ 850 boepd
Foreland Basin Foreland
Montney
N ~ 840 wells
IP90 ~ 800 boepd
Foreland Foreland Basin
-
Pre Duvernay N ~ 140 IP ~ 475boepd
Fockler, 2016
Edmonton Group
Belly River Cardium Foreland Basin Dunvegan Second White Specks Viking Axial Drainage vs. Transverse Drainage Overfilled Joli fou/Basal Colorado Foreland Basin Foreland
Underfilled FB vs. Overfilled FB Mannville
Spirit River (Wilrich/Falher/Notikewan Glauconitic Ostrocod BQ-Ellerslie
Underfilled Fernie, Poker Chip Rock Creek Foreland Basin Foreland Nordegg Zone of Zone of Max. Subsidence and High Subsidence Sedimentation Rate and Sedimentation Rate Hinge Zone Stable Eastern Platform Zone Axial Drainage
Transverse Drainage
Cordilleran Fold- Thrust Belt Isostatic Rebound in Hinge Zone
Foreland Basin: Axial Basin: Loading Subsidence Subduction-Induced Subsidence modified after Kauffman, 1984 Continental Scale Paleodrainage Reorganization
Underfilled Foreland Basin Drainage to north
Blum et al., 2015 Coastal Classification – along strike variation
INCREASING TIDAL POWER INCREASING WAVE POWER
WAVE DOMINATED TIDE ESTUARY
DOMINATED E
V ESTUARY I
S LAGOON
S E
R TIDAL G
S FLAT
N
A R
T BARRIER
CONTINENTAL SHELF
G
N I
D DELTA A
R E G EFAC HOR
O S
R P T STRAND PLAIN FLA L IDA ALLUVIAL T PLAIN
Boyd, Dalrymple and Zaitlin, 1992 Shoreline Depositional Model of along strike variation for a wave dominated shoreline, deltas and associated facies
(modified after Armitage, Pemberton and Moslow, 2004 for the Falher C) Delta Models
Junaid Sadeque, March, 2016 Asymmetric Wave-Influenced Delta Model
Junaid Sadeque, March, 2016 Western Canada Sedimentary Basin Underfilled Foreland Basin Examples
Foreland Basin
Edmonton Group
Belly River Cardium Dunvegan Second White Specks
Overfilled Overfilled Viking
Foreland Basin Foreland Joli fou/Basal Colorado
Mannville
Spirit River (Wilrich/Falher/Notikewan Glauconitic Ostrocod BQ-Ellerslie
Underfilled Fernie, Poker Chip Rock Creek
Foreland Basin Foreland Nordegg
Accommodation Cycles
USGS Fact Sheet - Assessment of Undiscovered Conventional Oil and Gas Resources of the Western Pre - Foreland Canada Sedimentary Basin, Basin Canada, 2012 Foreland Basin
Mannville Axial Drainage vs. Transverse
Spirit River
(Wilrich/Falher/Notikewan Drainage Glauconitic Ostrocod Underfilled FB BQ-Ellerslie
Fernie, Poker Chip Rock Underfilled
Foreland Basin Foreland Creek Nordegg
Zone of Zone of Max. Subsidence and High Subsidence Sedimentation Rate and Sedimentation Rate Hinge Zone Stable Eastern Platform Zone Axial Drainage
Cordilleran Fold- Thrust Belt Isostatic Rebound in Hinge Zone
Foreland Basin: Axial Basin: Loading Subsidence Subduction-Induced Subsidence modified after Kauffman, 1984 Jurassic Nordegg FM - Foreland Basin
Asger – Deen Ph.D. Thesis Axial Paleodrainage Jurassic Nikinassin Fm
Axial Paleodrainage Lower Cretaceous – Aptian (120-115 Ma) (Cadomin, Gething, Basal Quartz)
© Ron Blakey, 2013 Blum, 2015
Paleodrainage Lower Cretaceous Aptian (120-115 Ma) Isopach Map Jurassic to Ostrocod and equivalents Isopach Map – “BAT” Cycle 2
R5 R25 R20 R15 R10 R5 Accommodation
0
15 0
5 0 0 1 0 5 5 5 0 0 1 10 5
0 0 2 0 Increasing 16 0 0 0 1 Provost0 I.V. 0 17 5 0 0 0 5 0 0 20 0 1 0 18 0 1 36 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 0 12 0 0 2 46 1 0 0
7 6 1 8 25 41 0 0 0 0 11 0 8 0 0 0 0 4 5 1 0 0 0 1 15 0 0 0 0 0 19 17 5 14 0 0 18 0 0 12 25 0 0 18 0 3 31 18 0 5 0 5 23 26 30 6 5 0 5 21 22 14 3 2 0 0 18 0 14 12 0 0 30 14 18 0 0 50 14 16 3 11 14 0 5 T40 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 21 8 20 1 18 16 23 12 8 22 1913 15 17 5 9 28 14 11 16 0 0 270 16 0 8 25 21 24 5 0 17 0 15 0 2 8 24 9 0 21 0 38 18 0 0 0 22 33 0 0 0 39 15 23 15 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 28 0 0 0 0 27 0 0 0 0 12 3 1617 6 12 0 0 0 0 23 25 0 0 0 26 20 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 35 25 7 0 0 6 0 1 0 0 0 0 7 0 1 0 0 8 35 23 11 15 5 15 1 0 0 23 0 24 0 46 3624 30 7 T40 0 2 0 0 30 25 30 20 35 19
0 5 5 0 19 1 0 0 38 10 2 5 0 0 0 0 11 8 15 0 13 0 15 0 0 0 1 5 3 2 5 0 0 0 5
2 5 1 4 11 5 0 0 12 0 0 0 10 1 5 5 0 0 1 0 3 2 1 1 0 0 15 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 7 0 2 0 18 3 0 2 5 16 1 0 5 0 0 0 5 0 0 5 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1415 0 1 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 5 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 150 0 2 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 22 78 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 0 203 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 18 0 6 0 0 0 0 1514 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 14 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 20 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 11 0 15 20 25 0 0 0 0 0 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 19 0 19 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 019 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 12 0 32 0 0 0 28 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 2 1 0 00 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 5 0 0 1 0 7 23 22 5 0 0 0 30 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 16 0 0 0 0 32 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 0 0 0 14 0 24 0 0 0 0 16 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 0 1 5 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1718 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 20 0 0 120 0 0 21 10 1 5 0 0 0 0 1716 0 0 0 0 0 6 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 T35 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 6 0 1 0 0 4 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 24 0 0 0 16 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 T35 0 0 0 0 18 0 0 0 0 0 1118 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 0 0 42 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 262 0 0 0 0 0 0 Isopach Values 5 0 0 0 00 0 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 5 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 13 0 0 0 3 0 0 34 15 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 5
0 0 0 no 0 0 0 66 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 2 0 22 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 5 0 0 0 0 26 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 06 0 0 0 0 0 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 0 0 0 0 0 data 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 26 2 0 0 0 0 29 23 0 12 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 35 0 0 6 14 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 0 0 0 0 13 0 0 0 0 14 0 0 0 No Data 0 0 0 29 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3637 0 0 0 0 3 0 32 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 2 0 0 0 0 44 0 0 T30 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 240 1 5 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Area Overlying 34 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 T30 0 0 0 29 0 0 02 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 0 0 0 0 23 0 0 0 0
4 5 0 - 40m 0 0 0 49 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Devonian Salt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 36 23 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 36 0 00 0 17 20 117 0 0 0 0 0 0 210 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 32 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PreCambrian 06 0 0 2 22 0 0 0 0 13 6 21 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 0 0 Low 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 26 5 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 4 0 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4034 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 6 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 McMurray 5 0 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3937 0 0 0 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 - 80m 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 32 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 27 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 34 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 33 28 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 6 0 0 0 6 0 Shield 0 0 0 01 0 15 0 0 0 0 8 Accommodation 0 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 14 0 7 0 0 8 5 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 7 5 0 0 0 9 6 0 0 5 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 31 13 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 26 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 8 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I 2224 0 0 0 0 03 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 28 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 06 0 0 0 0 0 0 Deep 0 0 0 0 30 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 T25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 80 - 120m 0 2 0 5 16 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 5 0 0 5 0 0 0 Spirit 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 0 0 0 0 H 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 T25 14 0 0 0 0 Basin 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 31 0 0 0 0 130 0 0 1 31 0 0 0 River 0 13 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 34 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 11 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 120 - 160m 10 6 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 6 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 9 0 0 0 0 26 0 0 0 0 0 0 22251125 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 1324 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 17 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 8 0 0 0 139 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 16 0 00 0 0 0 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 000 0 3 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 31 5 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 26 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 1519 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 200 0 0 0 0 0 160 - 200 5 1 0 5 0 0 1 0 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 22 0 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1215 0 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 8 0 8 0 0 H 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 5 0 20 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 8 4 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 17 0 1 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 3 0 0 19 7 20 0 0 0 7 0 5 5 0 T20 0 0 0 0 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Edmonton 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 36 0 0 T20 0 6 0 0 0 0 > 200m 11 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 8 0 13 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 08 5 0 0 0 R5W5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 00 0 0 14 0 5 8 0 0 0 0 76 0 24 115 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 1 0 0 13 149 1111 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 15 0 0 10 13 0 0 0 0 20 8 0 0 0 0 06 5 9 0 610 127 5 0 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 24 23 0 0 0 50 0 0 2 10 20 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 0 0 0 10 9 0 0 1 0 7 15 0 8 5 0 0 0 0 11180 10 9 18 2 5 5 14 17 0 0 0 0 0 24 16 14 18 0 0 0 6 0 13 12 0 0 7 1 9 08 0 TWP 2 0 17 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 015 0 5 105 5 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 00 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 Study 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 Knick 2 5 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 56 0 0 0 1013 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 4 0 0 0 18 0 0 TWP 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 0 0 15 5 0 0 4 7 0 0 200 km 18 213 0 0 0 5 0 10 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 2 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 4 0 5 56 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 4 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 7 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 187 05 0 0 0 0 11 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 78 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 865 7 0 7 4 0 0 0 0 4 2 12 0 13 1013 7 0 Area 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 37 0 06 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 0 13 0 7 0 0 0 5 24 0 433 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 5 5 4 8 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 T15 0 0 0 00 0 10 5 0 0 7 0 0 0 140 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 05 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 11 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Point 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 250 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 5 0 0 0 0 11 0 0 16 19 0 0 16 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 18 0 0 0 29 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 26 0 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 11 5 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Area of 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 03 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 2 11 Structural 0 4 0 3 2 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 4 0 0 6 4 0 0 0 0 105 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 07 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hinge Line 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Subsidence 0 0 T10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 160 0 0 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Swift Current 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 T10 19 5 0 05 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 13 0 0 Platform 0 1 0 0 15 10 0 0 0 0 Sweetgrass 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 0 0 Arch 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 9 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 7 15 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TWP 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R1W4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 T5 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 T5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Area of 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Paleotopography 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R5 R30 W5 R25 R20 R15 R10 R5 W4
(modified from Cant and Abramson; Zaitlin et al, 2002) Zaitlin et al, 2002) Stratigraphy – Fort St. John – Spirit River Groups
Modified after Masters, 1984 Lower Cretaceous Depositional Cycles
750 miles
(Jackson, 1984) Parasequence Sets
CDD 5km NW SE
Falher D
Falher F
Lower Falhers 280m Wilrich
Mount Spieker, BC
Photo Credit – Tom Moslow Glauconitic Paleogeography
Shorelines
GLCC Age Channels
Post GLCC Incised Valley fill deposits
Surdam, 1997, modified from Chiang, 1984
CDD
CDD Sherwin Example Log – Hoadley Barrier
Med River Coal
Glauc
A
B
C
(modified after Rosenthal, 1998) Glauconitic Hoadley Type Schematic Cross Section SE-NW
Hoadley Upper MNVL Regional Channels Deltaic Sands Shoreface Offshore Hoadley S N
Wave ravinement surface Middle Lower POST GLCC CHANNEL/FLHR GLCC Age HOADLEY HOADLEY CHANNELS Regional Sheet Sands CH Shoreface Shoreface
Simons, 2015; modified after Rosenthal, 1998 35 Top 2015 Drilling Activity Oil Overfilled Foreland Basin
Underfilled Foreland Basin
Spirit River Reservoir Trends in yellow
Gething Oil
Dunvegan Oil (2) Dunvegan Oil
Belly River Oil
C. Stephens, CSUR Luncheon CDD Presentation, 2016 Spirit River – Wilrich EURs Facies, Depositional model vs. Technology
Lenko, 2016 Wilrich A – Gross Isopach T71
Kakwa (T65)
Simonette (T64)
Resthaven (T58)
Wildriver (T54)
Edson/Ansell (T50)
Ferrier (T44)
T44 B. Hayes, PRCL, 2013 Wilrich A – Net Porous Sand (6% Ø cutoff)
T71
Kakwa (T65)
Simonette (T64)
Resthaven (T58)
Wildriver (T54)
Edson/Ansell (T50)
Ferrier (T44)
T44 B. Hayes, PRCL, 2013 Shoreline Depositional Model of along strike variation for a wave dominated shoreline, deltas and associated facies
(modified after Armitage, Pemberton and Moslow, 2004 for the Falher C) Conglomeratic (Falher) vs. HPBCGA “Sweet Spots” Fine Grained Sandstone HPBCGA “Sweet Spots” act as a HZ well require a HZ well (Wilrich) Shoreface Dual Transmissivity System Dual Transmissivity System Reservoirs
Low Øh High Øh High Kh Low Kh “Tight” Conglomerate Reservoir (“Natures HZ”) Tight Sandstone Reservoir - HZ
“Gas Deliverability” (Kh) “Gas Deliverability” (Kh)
Slope Slope
“Gas Storage” “Gas Storage” (Øh) (Øh) Falher A & B Reservoirs Wilrich Reservoirs
Modified after Zaitlin and Moslow, 2004 Western Canada Sedimentary Basin Overfilled Foreland Basin Examples
Foreland Basin
Edmonton Group
Belly River Cardium Dunvegan Second White Specks
Overfilled Overfilled Viking
Foreland Basin Foreland Joli fou/Basal Colorado
Mannville
Spirit River (Wilrich/Falher/Notikewan Glauconitic Ostrocod BQ-Ellerslie
Underfilled Fernie, Poker Chip Rock Creek
Foreland Basin Foreland Nordegg
Accommodation Cycles
USGS Fact Sheet - Assessment of Undiscovered Conventional Oil and Gas Resources of the Pre - Foreland Western Canada Basin Sedimentary Basin, Canada, 2012 Foreland Basin
Edmonton Group
Axial Drainage vs. Transverse Belly River Cardium Drainage Dunvegan Second White Specks
Overfilled Overfilled Viking Foreland BasinForeland Overfilled FB Joli fou/Basal Colorado
Zone of Zone of Max. Subsidence and High Subsidence Sedimentation Rate and Sedimentation Rate Hinge Zone Stable Eastern Platform Zone
Transverse Drainage
Cordilleran Fold-Thrust Belt
Isostatic Rebound in Hinge Zone
Foreland Basin: Axial Basin: Loading Subsidence Subduction-Induced Subsidence modified after Kauffman, 1984 Dunvegan Formation
Bhattacharya and MacEachern, 2010 Basal Belly River Prograding Shorelines Overfilled Foreland Basin
Drainage
(After Hamblin,1996a,1997a/b) Belly River Group Stratigraphy and Play Types W E
6th Mer. 5th Mer. Thinning of Dinosaur Pk. Fm. To South & East 4th Mer.
Pk
Lethbridge Coal Zone marine
Bearpaw
Dinosaur
Upper Siltstone Dinosaur
Comrey Oldman Taber Coal Zone
50 Oldman
Sub-Dinosaur Park Composite
m Sequence Boundary Cycle 7 Belly River Group River Belly 2 Composite 0 Cycle 6 0 Non-marine Composite
km 50 Foremost Cycle 5 Belly River Group River Belly 1 Composite Cycle 4 Composite
ForemostFormation Cycle 3
Composite Composite Cycle 2
Cycle 1 marine
Lea Park Formation Park Lea Datum: Milk River Shoulder (Disconformity/Condensed Section) Lea Pk. Lea FACIES AND LITHOLOGY PLAY TYPES Non-marine sandstone & siltstone with coal 1 Basal Belly River shoreface sandstones Shoreline - related sandstone 2 Belly River Gp. Fluvial channel sandstones Shallow marine siltstone/shale (Foremost, Oldman and Dinosaur Park Fms.) Fluvial channel or valley-filled estuarine ss Productive Reservoirs - Gas/Oil (After Hamblin,1996a,1997a/b) Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (WCSB)
Foreland Basin
Edmonton Group
Belly River
Cardium Dunvegan Second White Specks
Overfilled Overfilled Viking
Foreland Basin Foreland Joli fou/Basal Colorado
Mannville
Spirit River (Wilrich/Falher/Notikewan Glauconitic Foreland Basin Ostrocod BQ-Ellerslie
Underfilled Fernie, Poker Chip Rock Creek
Foreland Basin Foreland Nordegg
Accommodation
Cycles
Foreland Basin
- USGS Fact Sheet - Assessment of
Pre Undiscovered Conventional Oil and Gas Resources of the Western Pre - Foreland Canada Sedimentary Basin Basin, Canada, 2012
Edmonton Group
Belly River Foreland Basin Cardium Dunvegan Second White Specks
Axial Drainage vs. Transverse Overfilled Viking
Foreland BasinForeland Joli fou/Basal Colorado
Drainage Mannville
Spirit River Underfilled FB vs. Overfilled FB (Wilrich/Falher/Notikewan Glauconitic Ostrocod
Underfilled BQ-Ellerslie Foreland BasinForeland Fernie, Poker Chip Rock Creek Nordegg Zone of Zone of Max. Subsidence and High Subsidence Sedimentation Rate and Sedimentation Rate Hinge Zone Stable Eastern Platform Zone Axial Drainage
Transverse Drainage
Cordilleran Fold-Thrust Belt
Isostatic Rebound in Hinge Zone
Foreland Basin: Axial Basin: Loading Subsidence Subduction-Induced Subsidence modified after Kauffman, 1984 Conglomeratic (Falher) vs. HPBCGA “Sweet Spots” Fine Grained Sandstone HPBCGA “Sweet Spots” act as a HZ well require a HZ well (Wilrich) Shoreface Dual Transmissivity System Dual Transmissivity System Reservoirs
Low Øh High Øh High Kh Low Kh “Tight” Conglomerate Reservoir (“Natures HZ”) Tight Sandstone Reservoir - HZ
“Gas Deliverability” (Kh) “Gas Deliverability” (Kh)
Slope Slope
“Gas Storage” “Gas Storage” (Øh) (Øh) Falher A & B Reservoirs Wilrich Reservoirs
Modified after Zaitlin and Moslow, 2004 Jurassic-Cretaceous Foreland Basin Unconventional Plays Underfilled vs. Overfilled Foreland Basin
Overfilled FB Cardium Low Edmonton Group Top Monthly Oil/Condensate Wells *Belly River
Cardium Glauconitic - Bluesky Top Monthly Gas Wells Spirit River – Falher *Dunvegan Second White Specks * BQ – Ellerslie – Viking Viking Gething (1) Joli fou/Basal Colorado
Risk * Spirit River * Belly River (1) Wilrich/Notikewan (20) * Dunvegan (3) Underfilled FB
Second White Specks Upper Mannville Exploration Upper Mannville *Spirit River - Wilrich Glauconitic - Bluesky Nordegg Ostrocod Rock Creek, Fernie - Nikinassin Ostrocod *BQ-Ellerslie High Fernie - Nikinassin Conceptual Emerging Exploration & Development Exploitation Pilot Rock Creek Maturity Nordegg
Potential Emerging Established Established Plays Plays Isolated Plays Plays Summary
WCSB Foreland Basin is divisible into : Underfilled Foreland Basin sequence Overfilled Foreland Basin sequence Pre-Foreland Basin sequence
Paleodrainage: South to north for the underfilled foreland basin West to east for the overfilled foreland basin
Shoreline geometry East-west for the underfilled foreland basin - Prograding to the north North – south for the overfilled foreland basin - Prograding to the east Asymmetric Wave-dominated Delta model = “sweetspots” Acknowledgements
Dr. Brad Hayes (Petrel Robertson Consulting Ltd.)
Dr. Zeev Berger (Ittech, Inc.)
Many Past Colleagues from: Esso/Exxon PanCanadian/Encana Suncor Enerplus EOG Daylight/Midnight/Pace
One last thought: “Once you understand that water flows downhill, then everything makes sense”