Alberta Biodiversity Monitoring Institute

www.abmi.ca

ABMI Species Pyramid: Guild Definitions and Species Lists

Version 2009-12-22

December 2009

Acknowledgements The present document was created by Gillian Holloway and Jim Herbers. Technical input was provided by Erin Bayne, Jim Schieck, Scott Nielsen, Diane Haughland, and Dave Huggard. Disclaimer These standards and protocols were developed and released by the ABMI. The material in this publication does not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of any individual or organization other than the ABMI. Moreover, the methods described in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or opinions of the individual scientists participating in methodological development or review. Errors, omissions, or inconsistencies in this publication are the sole responsibility of ABMI.

The ABMI assumes no liability in connection with the information products or services made available by the Institute. While every effort is made to ensure the information contained in these products and services is correct, the ABMI disclaims any liability in negligence or otherwise for any loss or damage which may occur as a result of reliance on any of this material. All information products and services are subject to change by the ABMI without notice.

Suggested Citation: Alberta Biodiversity Monitoring Institute. 2009. Version 2009-12-22. Alberta Biodiversity Monitoring Institute, Alberta, Canada. Report available at: abmi.ca [Date Cited].

Use of this Material: This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational, data collection or non-profit purposes without special permission from the ABMI, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. No use of this publication may be made for resale without prior permission in writing from the ABMI.

Contact Information If you have questions or concerns about this publication, you can contact: ABMI Information Centre CW-405 Biological Sciences Centre University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2E9 Phone: (780) 492-5766 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.abmi.ca

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Table of Contents 1. Background on ABMI ...... 1 1.1 Information Pyramids ...... 1 1.2. Information Pyramid Principles ...... 2 1.3 Species Pyramid Framework ...... 3 2 General Overview of the ABMI Species Pyramid ...... 4 2.1 Identifying Species Indicator Groups ...... 4 2.2 Guild Development ...... 4 3. Species Pyramid ...... 4 3.1 Level 6 ...... 4 3.2 Level 5 ...... 5 3.2.1 Taxonomic Groups Examined using Terrestrial Protocols ...... 5 3.2.2 Taxonomic Groups Examined using Aquatic Protocols ...... 5 3.3 Level 4 ...... 5 3.3.1 Broad Guilds — Vertebretes & Lichens ...... 6 3.3.2 Broad Guilds — Vascular Plants ...... 6 3.3.3 Broad Guilds — Bryophtyes ...... 7 3.4 Level 3 ...... 8 3.4.1 Mammals (Mammailia) ...... 8 5.4.2 Birds (Aves) ...... 9 5.4.2 Herptiles (Amphibia & Reptilia) ...... 10 5.4.3 Vascular Plants (Magnoliopsida, Liliopsida, Pinopsida, Filicopsida, Equisetopsida, and Lycopodiopsida)...... 10 5.4.4 Lichens (Ascomycetes) ...... 11 5.4.5 Bryophytes (Bryopsida & Hepatopsida) ...... 13 5.5 Level 2 ...... 14 5.6 Level 1 ...... 14 Literature Cited ...... 14 Appendix 1a — Mammal Guild Membership (Level 4) ...... 15 Appendix 1b — Mammals Guild Membership (Level 3) ...... 16 Appendix 2a — Bird Guild Membership (Level 4) ...... 18 Appendix 2b — Birds Guild Membership (Level 3) ...... 20 Appendix 3a — Herptile Guild Membership (Levels 3 & 4) ...... 26 Appendix 4a — Vascular Plant Guild Membership (Level 4) ...... 27 Appendix 4b — Vascular Plant Guild Membership (Level 3) ...... 33 Appendix 5a — Lichen Guild Membership (Level 4) ...... 56 Appendix 5b — Lichen Guild Membership (Level 3) ...... 58 Appendix 6a — Bryophytes Guild Membership (Level 4) ...... 64 Appendix 6b — Bryophytes Guild Membership (Level 3) ...... 66 Appendix 7— Resources Used To Develop ABMI Guilds ...... 70 Appendix 8 — Taxonomic Breadth in the ABMI ...... 75

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1. Background on ABMI The Alberta Biodiversity Monitoring Institute (ABMI) was initiated in 1997 through a broad partnership of industry, government and academia. ABMI is tasked with providing an effective way to track status and change to biodiversity at regional and provincial scales, and provide relevant and objective information to policy makers, scientists and the general public.

The institute collects information on thousands of terrestrial and aquatic species (mammals, birds, fish, invertebrates, vascular plants, lichens, moss, and fungi) and habitat structures at 1656 sites spaced systematically on a 20-kilometre grid across the entire province. Each of the 1656 sites is sampled once every 5 years using a set of scientifically reviewed protocols. This standardized data collection is designed to reduce duplication and increase cost efficiency for provincial and regional monitoring commitments, and provide a more complete understanding of cumulative impacts on the environment from multiple industries and human activities.

One of the main goals of the institute is to provide scientifically valid indices of biodiversity intactness for regions within the province and for the entire province of Alberta. These indices identify how the state of biodiversity (defined as individual species and species groups) has changed in comparison to a pre-determined reference condition. All ABMI data (raw species data plus summarized indices) will be freely available to everyone through the institutes’ website.

This document will focus on the detailing the species groups (guilds) which ABMI uses to aggregate together data on the status of individual species. At present we present the guild definition and species lists for mammals, birds,herptiles, vascular plants and lichens. As work progreses, we will add additional taxa to this document (including moss, fungi, aquatic invertebretes, springtails, and mites). A companion document (ABMI 2008) details the statistical methods for development intactness indices for individual species.

1.1 Information Pyramids Monitoring biodiversity results in information for thousands of species (Boyd and Murray 2001). This wealth of information leads to difficulty in communicating with public, resource managers, and policy makers (Cash et al. 2002). To improve management it is necessary to develop integrated measures of biodiversity. Overton et al. (2002) proposed Information Pyramids as a framework for aggregating and simplifying ecological knowledge (Fig 1). In this system, information is integrated into fewer and fewer groups as one moves up the pyramid. Each level of the pyramid is expected to be relevant to different stakeholders. For example, scientists might be interested in Level 2 to understand species population trends, while resource managers might be interested in the status of sensitive guilds (i.e. cavity nesters).

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Figure 1. Alberta Biodiversity Monitoring Institute’s pyramid schematic for integrating biodiversity indices. Indices can be calculated for any of the levels except primary data (Level1).

Using Information Pyramids as a conceptual framework, ABMI has developed an innovative multimetric approach for aggregating and communicating ecological data (Fig 1). Pyramids have high intuitive appeal to both ecologists and decision-makers because they make it easy to communicate and understand the type of data being evaluated, how it is organized, and how it is being combined. Pyramids demonstrate a bottom up design, where the upper levels of the pyramid are based on lower levels, and their application is not tied to a particular spatial scale or level of biological organization.

1.2. Information Pyramid Principles Overton et al. (2002) originally outlined four central principals to guide the aggregation and disaggregation of knowledge using Information Pyramids:

1. higher levels of information are entirely derived from an underlying foundation of primary data,

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2. the processes of generalization and integration upward, and disaggregation downward must be scientifically rigorous and assumptions explicit (i.e., there should be complete access to the statistical methods, the data, and the assumptions that were used to conduct the aggregation), 3. information tools that are developed for different purposes often share common data and data aggregation methodologies, and 4. communication tools arising from Information Pyramids will benefit from the simultaneous development of all levels in the pyramid.

To these we add:

5. data used in information pyramids must be scientifically sound, 6. communication tools arising from Information Pyramids must be easily interpretable and meet the specific needs of decision makers, 7. aggregation methods must be robust to minor inconsistencies in data quality and quantity, and 8. communication tools arising from Information Pyramids should provide causal or correlative insight between change in biodiversity and environmental stressors; Decision-makers depend on causal or correlative relationships for making informed decisions.

1.3 Species Pyramid Framework The Species Pyramid described in this report contains 6 levels. The upper levels (3–6) are designed to communicate the state of species groups to politicians, policy makers, managers, and the public. The lower levels (1 & 2) are expected to be of interest primarily to scientists and ENGO’s for conducting original analysis, or for evaluating species-level trends. The top level of the pyramid (level 6) is a composite index of many taxonomic groups which follow the same pyramid framework. The six levels are described below:

Level 1: contains raw data (e.g., number, size, condition, or location) and forms the foundation for all subsequent data analyses in the species.

Level 2: describes the state of individual species or their reporting equivalent (e.g., subspecies or genera). Level 2 aggregates information from Level 1 into a single metric (SI) describing the state of a species. Species indices developed in level 2 form the building-blocks for indices in levels 3, 4, and 5. See ABMI 2008 for details and statistical methods used for determining species intactness indices.

Level 3: describes the state of a group of species that share a common characteristic (e.g., habitat, behavioural, or life-history). At level 3 in the pyramid, species can reside in none, one, or more than one guild.

Level 4: describes the state of a group of species that share a common habitat type (e.g., forests, grasslands, rivers, or wetlands). Guilds in this level also include “habitat generalists” (species common to two or more habitat types) and “non-native species”. Level 4 draws directly from level 2 indices. At level 4 in the pyramid, species can only reside in a single guild.

Level 5: describes the state of a species from a particular taxa (e.g., Division, Class, Order, or Family). Level 5 of the pyramid draws directly from indices developed in level 2.

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Level 6: this is a single index that describes the state of many species from more than one taxonomic group. Level 6 aggregates indices developed in level 5 (i.e. combining composite index for the state of all bird, mammals, mosses, lichens, vascular plants, and fungi). We use the average state of level 5 indices rather than taking the average of all species indices in level 2 to ensures that particularly species- rich taxonomic categories do not disproportionately influence level 6 indices.

2. General Overview of the ABMI Species Pyramid

2.1 Identifying Species Indicator Groups At level 5 of the Species Pyramid, taxonomic groups form the basis for presenting information. Here we follow common taxonomic classification schemes such as those available through NatureServe, the Integrated Taxonomic Information System, and the United States Department of Agriculture Plants Database.

“Guilds” form the basis for presenting information at levels 4 and 3 in the Species Pyramid. As used here, species guilds have a broader definition than originally outlined by Root (1967). We use the term to describe any species group that has relevance to sustainable resource decision-making. For example, species guilds need not be confined to groups of species that exploit environmental resources in a similar way or that have similar foraging strategies. Species guilds can also be built for endemic or non-native species, species commonly exploited by humans, or rare species. The critical criteria for establishing a guild are that they follow the 8 principles that guide data aggregation in Information Pyramids (above).

Objective methods for determining guild membership are uncommon and inconsistent. Where practical in the ABMI, we use of objective methods to establish guild membership. In the absence of objective methods, the process of establishing guild membership remains transparent, repeatable and defendable.

2.2 Guild Development The ABMI seeks to continually improve the methodology used to assign species to guilds. To indicate the status of guild development, we have created 4 categories: Status 1 — Preliminary guild categories have been identified and are awaiting species assignments. Status 2 — Species have been assigned to guilds. The process of assigning species to guilds is largely based on the review of field guide books, reference guides, primary literature, and floras. Status 3 — The assignment of species to guilds has been independently reviewed by third-party experts. Status 4 — Guilds have been verified using quantitative analyses.

3. Species Pyramid

3.1 Level 6 Level 6 of the Terrestrial Species Pyramid is composite indicator of 2 or more of the 16 major taxonomic groups identified in Level 5. Level 6 Indices are calculated directly from Level 5 and each taxonomic group has equal weighting.

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3.2 Level 5 Level 5 of the ABMI’s Species Pyramid is designed to communicate the state of species that share a common taxonomic relationship. The ability to assess the state of any particular taxonomic group depends on the availability of species-level information. The 6 5 ABMI will report on the status of any taxonomic level of organization that 4 contains 5 or more species. 3 2 1 The major taxonomic groups examined are listed below with the senior uniting taxonomic level of organization shown in brackets. Where the most senior level of organization supersedes Class, appropriate ABMI Classes are also identified.

3.2.1 Taxonomic Groups Examined using Terrestrial Protocols 1. Mammals (Infraclass — Eutheria) 2. Birds (Class — Aves) 3. Vascular Plants (Subkingdom — Tracheobionta; Classes — Pinopsida, Magnoliopsida, Liliopsida, Equisetopsida, Filicopsida, and Lycopodiopsida) 4. Lichens (Class — Ascomycetes) 5. Bryophytes (Division — Bryophyta; Classes — Bryopsida, Sphagnopsida, Hepatopsida) 6. Polyporous Fungi (Class — Basidiomycetes) 7. Springtails (Order — Collembola) 8. Mites (Subclass — Acarina )

3.2.2 Taxonomic Groups Examined using Aquatic Protocols 9. Birds (Class — Aves) 10. Fish (Class — Osteichthyes) 11. Vascular Plants (Subkingdom — Tracheobionta; Classes — Pinopsida, Magnoliopsida, Liliopsida, Equisetopsida, Filicopsida, and Lycopodiopsida) 12. Benthic Macroinvertebrates (Classes — Insecta, Arachnida, Branchiopoda, Maxillopoda, and Ostracoda. 13. Diatoms (Classes — Bacillariophyceae, Coscinodiscophyceae, and Fragilariophyceae) 14. Water Column Macroinvertebrates (Classes — Insecta, Arachnida, Malacostraca, Maxillopoda, Gastropoda, Ostracoda, and Branchiopoda). 15. Phytoplankton (Classes — Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Cryptophyceae). 16. Zooplankton (Classes — Eurotatoria, Maxillopoda, Branchiopoda)

3.3 Level 4 Level 4 of the ABMI’s species pyramid is designed to communicate the state of 6 species that share an association with a major habitat type in Alberta. Each of the 5 4 ABMI’s 16 taxonomic groups (see 5.2 Level 5) is divided into broad habitat 3 guilds (Broad Guilds). Taxonomic groups monitored using terrestrial protocols are 2 1 divided into 7-10 Broad Guilds. Within a taxonomic group, species can only be included in one of the Broad Guilds but do not need to be included in any of the guilds. With the exception of the Non-native Species guild, all Level 4 guilds are composed of native species only. At present we present the guild definitions and species lists only for mammals, birds, herptiles, vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens, but more groups for Level 5 above will be added as

ABMI SPECIES PYRAMID GUILD DEFINITIONS AND SPECIES LISTS 5 THE ALBERTA BIODIVERSITY MONITORING INSTITUTE WWW.ABMI.CA work progresses. Seven guilds are tracked for vertebretes and lichens, 8 for bryophytes, and 10 for vascular plants.

3.3.1 Broad Guilds — Vertebretes & Lichens 1. Forest Species — species that depend on forests for living/reproduction and have higher densities in forest than in other vegetation types. For the species list for Mammals, Birds, Herptiles, and Lichens follow the hyperlinks. 2. Grassland/Meadow Species — species that depend on non-alpine upland terrestrial habitat dominated by vegetation <1 m in height for living/reproduction during the breeding season and have higher densities in “grassland” than in other vegetation types. For the species list for Mammals, Birds, Herptiles, and Lichens follow the hyperlinks. 3. Alpine Species — species that depend on alpine habitat (as defined by Beckingham and Archibald 1996) for living/reproduction during the breeding season and have higher densities in alpine than in other vegetation types. For the species list for Mammals, Birds, Herptiles, and Lichens follow the hyperlinks. 4. Peatland Species — species that depend on peatland bogs and fens (as defined by Beckingham and Archibald 1996) for living/reproduction during the breeding season and have higher densities in peatlands than in other habitat types. For the species list for Mammals, Birds, Herptiles, and Lichens follow the hyperlinks. 5. Wetland/Aquatic Species — species that depend on wetlands (defined marshes, ponds, and sloughs — Beckingham and Archibald 1996) for living/reproduction during the breeding season and have higher densities in wetlands than in other habitat types. For the species list for Mammals, Birds, Herptiles, and Lichens follow the hyperlinks. 6. Terrestrial Habitat Generalist Species — species that do not have a clear habitat type with maximum density during the breeding season, and that have relatively high density in at least 2 of the previous 4 habitat categories. For the species list for Mammals, Birds, Herptiles, and Lichens follow the hyperlinks 7. Non-Native Species — species that did not live/breed in the natural region prior to European settlement (Codes: 0=species native to the natural region, 1=species not native to North America prior to European settlement, and 9=species not native to Alberta but native to North America prior to European settlement (e.g., the Eastern gray squirrel)). For the species list for Mammals, Birds, Herptiles, and Lichens follow the hyperlinks

3.3.2 Broad Guilds — Vascular Plants † 1. Forest Species — species that depend on forests for living/reproduction and have higher densities in forest than in other vegetation types. For the species list for Vascular Plants follow the hyperlinks. 2. Grassland/Meadow Species — species that depend on non-alpine upland terrestrial habitat dominated by vegetation <1 m in height for living/reproduction during the breeding season and have higher densities in “grassland” than in other vegetation types. For the species list for Vascular Plants follow the hyperlinks 3. Alpine Species — species that depend on alpine habitat (as defined by Beckingham and Archibald 1996) for living/reproduction during the breeding season and have higher densities in alpine than in other vegetation types. For the species list for Vascular Plants follow the hyperlinks. 4. Peatland Species — species that depend on peatland bogs and fens (as defined by Beckingham and Archibald 1996) for living/reproduction during the breeding season and have higher densities

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in peatlands than in other habitat types. For the species list for Vascular Plants follow the hyperlinks. 5. Wetland species — species that depend on wetlands (fen, marshes; base rich with higher nutrients) for living/reproduction during the breeding season and have higher densities in wetland than in other habitat types. For the species list for Vascular Plants follow the hyperlinks. 6. Aquatic Species — species that depend on wetlands/lakes and grow in standing water (anaerobic conditions) for living/reproduction during the breeding season and have higher densities in aquatic habitats than in other habitat types. For the species list for Vascular Plants follow the hyperlinks. 7. Wet Habitat Generalist Species — species that do not have a clear habitat type with maximum density during the breeding season, and that have relatively high density in at least 2 of the previous 4 habitat categories, and prefer wet-moist soil. For the species list for Vascular Plants follow the hyperlinks. 8. Dry Habitat Generalist Species — species that do not have a clear habitat type with maximum density during the breeding season, and that have relatively high density in at least 2 of the previous 4 habitat categories, and prefer dry-moist soil. For the species list for Vascular Plants follow the hyperlinks. 9. Non-Native Species — species that did not live/breed in the natural region prior to European settlement (Codes: 0=species native to the natural region, 1=species not native to North America prior to European settlement, and 9=species not native to Alberta but native to North America prior to European settlement (e.g., the Eastern gray squirrel)). For the species list for Vascular Plants follow the hyperlinks.

3.3.3 Broad Guilds — Bryophtyes 1. Forest Species — species that depend on forests for living/reproduction and have higher densities in forest than in other vegetation types. For the species list for Bryophytes follow the hyperlinks. 2. Grassland/Meadow Species — species that depend on non-alpine upland terrestrial habitat dominated by vegetation <1 m in height for living/reproduction and have higher densities in “grassland” than in other vegetation types. For the species list for Bryophytes follow the hyperlinks 3. Alpine/Arctic Species — species that depend on alpine habitat (as defined by Beckingham and Archibald 1996) or arctic habitats for living/reproduction and have higher densities in the alpine/arctic than in other vegetation types. For the species list for Bryophytes follow the hyperlinks. 4. Peat-forming Wetland Species — species of peat forming wetlands that depend on bogs (low nutrients, pH < 5) and fens (groundwater rich in mineral elements, ph >7) for living/reproduction and have higher densities in peat-forming wetland than in other habitat types. For the species list for Bryophytes follow the hyperlinks. 5. Non-peat Forming Wetland Species - Species of non-peat forming wetlands that depend on shallow open water, marsh, and swamps for living/reproduction and have higher densities in peat- forming wetland than in other habitat types. For the species list for Bryophytes follow the hyperlinks. 6. Aquatic/Riparian/Littoral Species— species that grow in standing water (lakes) or flowing water (rivers) and their immediate margins/shorelines for living/reproduction and have higher densities in aquatic habitats than in other habitat types. For the species list for Bryophytes follow the hyperlinks.

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7. Habitat Generalist Species — species that do not have a clear habitat type with maximum density during the breeding season, and that have relatively high density in at least 2 of the previous 4 habitat categories. For the species list for Bryophytes follow the hyperlinks. 8. Non-Native Species — species that did not live/breed in the natural region prior to European settlement (Codes: 0=species native to the natural region, 1=species not native to North America prior to European settlement, and 9=species not native to Alberta but native to North America prior to European settlement (e.g., the Eastern gray squirrel)). For the species list for Bryophytes follow the hyperlinks.

3.4 Level 3 6 Level 3 describes the state of a group of species that share a 5 common characteristic (e.g., habitat, behavioural, or life-history). At this 4 level, species 3 can reside in none, one, or more than one guild. Guilds in level 3 2 contain >5 species and are restricted to the aggregation species from a single 1 taxonomic category (e.g., within vascular plants or within fish).

Level 3 guilds used by the ABMI were determined based on their relevance to decision-makers and clearly do not include all possible guilds. Many are habitat based while some are based on other common characteristics such as life-history or their management concern. Species can be included in as many of the guilds as they belong to, but do not necessarily need to be included in any of the guilds. Species in habitat based guilds will only be included if they require the habitat for living/reproduction (i.e., simply using the habitat is not sufficient, they must require it).

Native and non-native species are included in the guilds but, within the ABMI’s online information service, users will be asked whether they wish to analyze only native, or all species.

3.4.1 Mammals (Mammailia) ABMI Guild Development Status: 3

Level 3 Mammal Guilds 1. Old-growth Forest: Species requiring old-growth forests — defined as species that depend on forests > 80 years old for living/reproduction during the breeding season and have higher densities in old forest than in other vegetation type. 2. Early Seral: Forest Species requiring early seral forests — defined as species that depend on forests (areas with trees) <20 years old for living/reproduction during the breeding season and have higher densities in young forest than in other vegetation types. 3. Forest Edge: Specialists Forest edge species — defined as species that depend on the interface between forest and open habitat (where open habitat is terrestrial habitat such as agricultural and natural clearings and includes bogs and fens) during the breeding season, and have higher densities at forest edge than in other vegetation types. 4. Uncommon Species: Species of Concern in Alberta — defined as Extirpated, At Risk, May be at Risk, or Sensitive, by Alberta Sustainable Resource Development. 5. High Responsibility: Species for which Alberta has a high global responsibility — defined as species that had more than 10% of their breeding range in Alberta prior to European settlement.

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6. Human Modified Habitat: Species associated with human modified habitats — defined as species that have higher densities in human modified habitats during the breeding season than in natural vegetation types. 7. Riparian: Riparian Specialists — defined as species that depend on riparian areas (terrestrial/aquatic edges of streams, rivers, marshes, bogs, ponds, and lakes) for living/foraging during the breeding season, and have higher densities in riparian areas than in other habitats. 8. Cavity Nesting: Cavity nesting species — defined as species that nest in tree cavities. 9. Habitat Engineers: — defined as species that create unique habitats structures (eg., cavities, burrows, kill trees, etc) that other species use. The modified habitat/structure must be used by many other taxa and be present for many years after it has been created. 10. Irruptive Species: Irruptive (cyclic) Species — defined as species that regularly fluctuate in density among years by more than 3-fold. 11. Carnivorous Species: Carnivores — defined as species that eat mainly vertebrates (includes picivores, carnivorous mammals, and birds of prey). 12. Game Species: — defined as species that are hunted, trapped, or fished for food or economic gain by humans.

5.4.2 Birds (Aves) ABMI Guild Development Status: 3 Only species that live and breed in Alberta were included in these bird guilds. Thus, the guilds do not include species that are “Accidental/Vagrant” in the Alberta Rankings, or that were “SubSpecies”, or that simply migrated through Alberta.

Level 3 Bird Guilds 1. Old-growth Forests* 2. Forest Burns: Species requiring regenerating forest burns — defined as species that depend on burned forest for living/reproduction during the breeding season and have higher densities in burned forest than in other vegetation types. 3. Early Seral Forest* 4. Interior Forest: Interior forest species — defined as species that depend on large patches of forests for living/reproduction during the breeding season and have higher densities in the center of large forest patches than in other vegetation types, including the edge of forests 5. Forest Edge Specialists† 6. Uncommon Species* 7. High Responsibility* 8. Human Modified Habitat* 9. Riparian* 10. Cavity Nesting* 11. Habitat Engineers* 12. Irruptive Species* 13. Carnivorous Species* 14. Game Species* 15. Winter Residents: — defined as birds that remain in Alberta during the winter, including species that remain in Alberta but that migrate from their breeding areas or those that may are nomadic in

* See 5.4.1 Mammal Guild for a definition † See 5.4.1 Mammal Guild for a definition

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the winter. Species that migrate from the Artic to Alberta for the winter were included in this category. 16. Neotropical Species: — defined as birds that have >70% of their winter range in the neotropics (South America, Central America, Mexico, and the Caribbean). 17. Short Distance Migrants: — defined as birds that migrate to southern Canada, coastal Canada, or the USA for the winter. 18. Cliff Species: — species that depend on cliffs (rocky or mineral soil) or rocky outcrops (often along water courses) for living/reproduction during the breeding season and have higher densities on “cliffs” than in other habitat types.

5.4.2 Herptiles (Amphibia & Reptilia) ABMI Guild Development Status: 2

Level 3 Herptiles Guilds 19. Uncommon Species* 20. High Responsibility* 21. Riparian* 22. Carnivorous Species*

5.4.3 Vascular Plants (Magnoliopsida, Liliopsida, Pinopsida, Filicopsida, Equisetopsida, and Lycopodiopsida) ABMI Guild Development Status: 3

Level 3 Vascular Plant Guilds 1. Old-growth Forest* 2. Forest Burns* 3. Early Seral* 4. High Responsibility* 5. Human Modified Habitat* 6. Native Weedy Species: — Species that are native to North America (and possibly Alberta) and considered noxious, invasive, or weedy in Alberta’s natural regions. 7. Riparian* 8. Form— categories either forbs, ferns, graminoid, horsetails, shrubs, or trees. 9. Nitrogen Fixers: species that have mutualistic associations with nitrogen fixing bacteria in their roots or root nodules. 10. Edible fruit producers: species that produce fruits or seeds that generally are edible to both humans and animals. 11. Fruit type — categories either achene, berry, capsule, caryopsis, cone, drupe, follicle, nutlet, pod, schizocarp, or utricle 12. Heterotrophs: species that are saprophytes, parasites, or carnivores — plants that use means other than photosynthesis to subsist, either partially or completely. 13. Nectar Producers: Plants that were noted as important nectar-producing species for insects and/or birds by guidebooks.

* See 5.4.1 Mammal Guild for a definition

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14. Annuals/Biennials: Species where individual plants live one or two years, completing their entire life cycle within that period 15. Culturally Important — Construction & Crafts: Plant species which were culturally important for native people for crafts, weaving and construction (i.e. shelters and canoes. 16. Culturally Important — Food: Plant species which were culturally important for native people for food 17. Culturally Important — Medicine: Plant species which were culturally important by native people as medicines and digestive aids. 18. Aquatic Forms: categories of aquatic growth form (aquatic plants only) emergent, floating, submergent.

5.4.4 Lichens (Ascomycetes) ABMI Guild Development Status: 3

1. Leaf Lichens: Defined here as macrolichens (= chlorolichens) consisting of flattened, leaf-like lobes and containing a bright-green algal photopartner. Under a hand lens, the algal partner can be seen forming a thin green layer above the white inner portions of the lichen (= the medulla). Examples of leaf lichens include Cetraria, Melanelia, Parmelia and Tuckermannopsis. 2. Gel Lichens: Defined as macrolichens (= cyanolichens) consisting of flattened, leaf-like lobes and containing a dark greyish cyanobacterium as photopartner. Gel Lichens lack the white medulla of Leaf Lichens (above) and Felt Lichens (below), hence are uniformly dark throughout, as easily seen under a hand lens. When wet, most Gel Lichens are semi-translucent. 3. Felt Lichens: Defined here as macrolichens (= cyanolichens) consisting of flattened, leaf-like lobes and containing a dark greyish cyanobacterium as photopartner. Under a hand lens, the cyanobacterium forms a thin dark layer above the white inner portions of the lichen (= the medulla). Examples of Felt Lichen include Nephroma, Peltigera, Solorina. Some Felt Lichens have a green alga as primary photopartner, the cyanobacterium being confined to tiny gall-like outgrowths (= cephalodia). In all such cases, the lichen is easily recognized as a Felt Lichen by the presence of a thin nap of felt-like hairs located either over the lower surface (hand lens). 4. Club or Shrub Lichens: Defined as macrolichens with more or less cylindrical stems or branches. The stems are unbranched in the case of Club Lichens (Baeomyces, some Cladonias, Thamnolia, etc.), whereas Shrub Lichens (Cladina, some Cladonias, Coelocaulon, Evernia, etc.) have much- branched stems. 5. Hair Lichens: Defined as macrolichens with long slender branches of a hairlike appearance, e.g., Alectoria, Bryoria, Ramalina (thrausta), Usnea. 6. Old-growth Forest* 7. Forest Burns* (Includes only certain ground-dwelling lichens). 8. Young Forest: Lichens requiring early seral forests — defined as species that depend on forested habitats < 20–30 years old, or that have higher densities in young forests than in other vegetation types. Among the macrolichens, or certain ground-dwelling species belong here. 9. Rocky Outcrop/Talus Specialist: : Ground-dwelling lichens requiring rocky outcrops — defined as species that depend on rocky substrates (including rock crevices) for living/reproduction, or at any rate that achieve higher densities in such habitats than in other habitat types.

* See 5.4.1 Mammal Guild for a definition

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10. Conifer/Birch Specialist: Acid-demanding epiphytic lichens are usually restricted at boreal and subboreal latitudes to the bark or wood of standing conifers. Birch also generally has acidic bark (< pH 4–5), and so belongs here. 11. Nutrient-enriched Conifers or Birches: Nutrient-demanding lichens in northern forests are often restricted to the branches of trees subject to localized nutrient enrichment. Common nutrient sources include uptake of calcium from old lake sediments, exposure to calcareous dust, or dripzone leachates from nearby deciduous trees (see below). To qualify as nutrient-enriched, bark pH should be above 5–6. 12. Deciduous Trees and Shrubs (except Birches): Deciduous trees and shrubs provide critical habitat for certain nutrient-demanding lichens. In some situations, leachates from deciduous trees can enrich the lower branches of conifers, thereby facilitating the establishment of lichens otherwise not likely to occur in a particular region. 13. Stumps, Logs, or Tip-up Mounds: In boreal ecosystems subject to deep winter snow, decaying wood elevates snow-sensitive lichens above the zone of maximal burial by the winter snowpack. Such woody structures are particularly important for lichens dependent exclusively or predominantly on decaying wood. 14. Human-modifed* (Note that forest cutting is handled under Early Seral above) 15. On Limestone or other Calcium-rich Rock: Limestones and other rocks containing calcium carbonate support a small but essentially exclusive array of macrolichens including Collema, Physcia, Physconia, and Xanthoria. Applying a drop of hydrochloric acid (HCl) to such rocks causes them to fizz. 16. On Granites or other Silica-rich Rock: Acid rock supports a wide range of macrolichens, contributing significantly to total macrolichen diversity in some regions. Common genera include Melanelia, Stereocaulon, Umbilicaria and Xanthoparmelia. Siliceous rocks do not fizz with hydrochloric acid. 17. On Calium-rich Soil: Most common on soil with a pH above about 6–7. 18. On Acid Soil: Most common on soil or humus with a pH below about 4–5. 19. VIP wildlife: Defined as lichens used by wildlife for food, shelter, nesting material, etc. 20. Culturally Important: Refers to lichens that have been used by humans either in the past or down to present time. 21. Uncommon Species* 22. High Responsibility* 23. Wetland Forest Lichens: Lichens requiring wetland forests — defined as species that depend on forests either containing small wetland patches or adjacent to wetlands. (Note: wetlands increase ambient air humidity in their vicinity, hence promote nighttime mist and dew, both of which in turn favour colonization by certain lichens). 24. Riverine Forest Lichens: Lichens dependent on certain chemical and microclimatic attributes of streamside localities — defined as species that depend on or are most abundant in forests in the immediate vicinity of fast-moving water. 25. Dispersal Limited: Refers primarily to lichens with poor powers of dispersal owing to reliance on large diaspores, but also includes certain species that establish with difficulty in Alberta, owing, e.g., to lack of suitable habitat or climatic conditions. 26. Vulnerable to Snow Cover: Included here are ground-dwelling lichens unable to establish or persist in localities subject to continuous deep snow cover (> 30 cm) for more than a few weeks each year.

* See 5.4.1 Mammal Guild for a definition

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27. Vulnerable to Trampling: Refers primarily to soil-dwelling lichens of limited occurrence in Alberta. 28. Vulnerable to Industrial Air Pollution: Included here are lichens intolerant of exposure to sulphur oxides or other gaseous byproducts of industrial processing, e.g., oil refineries. 29. Vulnerable to Agricultural Air Pollution: Belonging here are lichens vulnerable to changes in atmospheric chemistry as a result of aerosols from agricultural activities, e.g., certain pesticides, ammonia from feedlots.

5.4.5 Bryophytes (Bryopsida & Hepatopsida) ABMI Guild Development Status: 3

1. Old-growth Forest* 2. Forest Burns* 3. Young Forest* 4. Uncommon Species* 5. High Responsibility* 6. Human-modifed* 7. Stumps, Logs, or Tip-up Mounds† 8. Prolonged Drought Sensitive: Species which are not adapted to survive prolonged drought conditions. 9. Epiphytic: Epiphytic or bark growing bryophytes (on trees alone), not including tree bases, that have higher frequency on these substrates than on other substrates types. 10. Grows on Tree Bases: Bryophytes growing on tree bases for living/reproduction and that have higher frequency on these substrates than on other substrates types. 11. Low productivity Specialists: Species that predominant low productivity areas (low nutrients) for living/reproduction and that have higher frequency in these habitats than in other habitat types 12. Terrestrial Riparian/Littoral Habitat: Species that dominant riparian/littoral areas (terrestrial/aquatic edges of streams, rivers, marshes, bogs, ponds, and lakes) for living/reproduction, and that have higher frequency in riparian areas than in other vegetation types (i.e., within 10m of flowing or standing water). 13. Calcium Rich/Base Substrates: Species requiring calcium rich substrates (soil and rocks) – defined as species that depend on calcium rich, alkaline substrates (pH ≥7.5) for living/reproduction and that have higher frequency on these substrates than on other substrates types. 14. Acid/Granitic Substrates: Species requiring acidic soils and rocks – defined as species that depend on acid soils/rocks (pH ≤7) for living/reproduction and that have higher frequency on these substrates than on other substrates types. 15. Rich organic substrates: Species requiring rich organic substrates (animal remains, dung, and feces) for living/reproduction and that have higher frequency on these substrates than on other substrates types. 16. Shade Intolerant: Species that do not tolerate shade.

* See 5.4.1 Mammal Guild for a definition † See 5.4.4 Lichen Guild for a definition

ABMI SPECIES PYRAMID GUILD DEFINITIONS AND SPECIES LISTS 13 THE ALBERTA BIODIVERSITY MONITORING INSTITUTE WWW.ABMI.CA

17. Rocky Outcrops/Cliffs/Talus Slopes: Species which grow predominantly on rocky outcrops, cliffs, or talus slopes – defined as species that depend on rocky substrates for living/reproduction and that have higher frequency in these habitats than in other habitat types. 18. Sensitive to Pollution: Bryophyte species which are intolerant of exposure to sulphur oxides or other gaseous byproducts of industrial processing (e.g., oil refineries) or to changes in atmospheric chemistry as a result of aerosols from agricultural activities (e.g. certain pesticides, ammonia from feedlots).

5.5 Level 2 6 5 Level 2 is composed of indices that describe the state of individual species. An 4 index value is calculated for every species that is detected at >10 sites within a 3 2 natural region. See ABMI (2008) for a description of how species indices are 1 calculated. Supporting data for Level 2 can be found in Level 1.

Level 2 indices form the foundation for index development in levels 3, 4, and 5. The relationship between indices in Level 2 and indices above is not strictly hierarchical as data from level 2 feeds directly into Levels 3, 4, and 5.

5.6 Level 1 6 Level 1 is made up of raw data and basic species metrics including: 5 4 raw data in the form of spread sheets and range maps are provided for each species 3 2 1 Literature Cited Alberta Biodiversity Monitoring Institute. 2008. Manual for Estimating Biodiversity Intactness for Species (20029), Version 2008-12-23. Alberta Biodiversity Monitoring Institute, Alberta, Canada. Report available at: abmi.ca [January 15 2009]. Beckingham, J.D., and J.H. Archibald. 1996. Field guide to the ecosites of northern Alberta. Can. For. Serv. North. For. Cent. Spec. Rep. 5. Overton, J. M., R. T. Theo Stephens, J. R. Leathwick, and A. Lehmann. 2002. Information pyramids for informed biodiversity conservation. Biodiversity and Conservation 11:2093:2116. Root, R.B. 1967. The Niche Exploitation Pattern of the Blue-gray Gnatcatcher. Ecological Monographs 37:317–350.

ABMI SPECIES PYRAMID GUILD DEFINITIONS AND SPECIES LISTS 14 THE ALBERTA BIODIVERSITY MONITORING INSTITUTE WWW.ABMI.CA

Appendix 1a — Mammal Guild Membership (Level 4)

Forest Prairie Vole (Microtus Ermine (Mustela erminea) Moose (Alces alces) ochrogaster) Gray Wolf (Canis lupus) Mule Deer (Odocoileus Richardson's Ground Squirrel Grizzly Bear (Ursus arctos) hemionus) (Spermophilus richardsonii) Least Weasel (Mustela nivalis) Canada Lynx (Lynx canadensis) Sagebrush Vole (Lagurus Long-Tailed Weasel (Mustela Cougar (Felis concolor) curtatus) frenata) Fisher (Martes pennanti) Western Harvest Mouse Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) Marten (Martes americana) (Reithrodontomys megalotis) Striped Skunk (Mephitis Raccoon (Procyon lotor) White-Footed Mouse mephitis) Masked Shrew (Sorex cinereus) (Peromyscus leucopus) Wolverine (Gulo gulo) Pygmy Shrew (Sorex hoyi) Arctic Shrew (Sorex arcticus) Snowshoe Hare (Lepus Alpine Dusky Shrew (Sorex americanus) Mountain Goat (Oreamnos monticolus) Northern Flying Squirrel americanus) Columbian Ground Squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus) Pika (Ochotona princeps) (Spermophilus columbianus) Porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum) Hoary Marmot (Marmota Deer Mouse (Peromyscus Red Squirrel (Tamiasciurus caligata) maniculatus) hudsonicus) Water Vole (Microtus Franklin's Ground Squirrel Red-Tailed Chipmunk (Tamias richardsoni) (Spermophilus franklinii) ruficaudus) Golden-Mantled Ground Southern Red-Backed Vole Peatland Squirrel (Spermophilus (Clethrionomys gapperi) Caribou (Rangifer tarandus) lateralis) Taiga (Yellow-cheeked) Vole Brown Lemming (Lemmus Heather Vole (Phenacomys (Microtus xanthognathus) sibiricus) intermedius) Yellow-Pine Chipmunk (Tamias Northern Bog Lemming Least Chipmunk (Tamias amoenus) (Synaptomys borealis) minimus) Long-Tailed Vole (Microtus Grassland/Meadow Aquatic/Wetland longicaudus) Pronghorn (Antilocapra Mink (Mustela vison) Thirteen-Lined Ground Squirrel americana) River Otter (Lutra canadensis) (Spermophilus Badger (Taxidea taxus) Wandering Shrew (Sorex tridecemlineatus) Black-Footed Ferret (Mustela vagrans) Woodchuck (Marmota monax) nigripes) Water Shrew (Sorex palustris) Swift Fox (Vulpes velox) Beaver (Castor canadensis) Non-Native Prairie Shrew (Sorex haydeni) Meadow Jumping Mouse Domestic Cow (Bos taurus) Nuttall's Cottontail (Sylvilagus (Zapus hudsonius) Domestic Goat (Capra hircus) nuttallii) Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) Domestic Sheep (Ovis aries) White-tailed Jack Rabbit (Lepus Western Jumping Mouse Wild Boar/Feral Hog (Sus townsendii) (Zapus princeps) scrofa) Meadow Vole (Microtus Domestic Cat (Felis catus) pennsylvanicus) Habitat Generalist Domestic Dog (Canis familiaris) Northern Grasshopper Mouse American Bison (Bos bison) Feral Hourse (Equus caballus) (Onychomys leucogaster) Bighorn Sheep (Ovis Black Rat (Rattus rattus) Northern Pocket Gopher canadensis) House Mouse (Mus musculus) (Thomomys talpoides) Wapiti (Cervus elaphus) Norway Rat (Rattus norvegicus) Olive-Backed Pocket Mouse White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Domestic Cow (Bos taurus) (Perognathus fasciatus) virginianus) Domestic Goat (Capra hircus) Ord's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys Black Bear (Ursus americanus) Domestic Sheep (Ovis aries) ordii) Bobcat (Lynx rufus) Coyote (Canis latrans)

ABMI SPECIES PYRAMID GUILD DEFINITIONS AND SPECIES LISTS 15 THE ALBERTA BIODIVERSITY MONITORING INSTITUTE WWW.ABMI.CA

Appendix 1b — Mammals Guild Membership (Level 3)

Old-growth Forest Badger (Taxidea taxus) Canada Lynx (Lynx canadensis) Black-Footed Ferret (Mustela Human Modified Habitat Fisher (Martes pennanti) nigripes) Domestic Cow (Bos taurus) Marten (Martes americana) Bobcat (Lynx rufus) Domestic Goat (Capra hircus) Gray Squirrel (Sciurus Canada Lynx (Lynx canadensis) Domestic Sheep (Ovis aries) carolinensis) Cougar (Felis concolor) Moose (Alces alces) Northern Flying Squirrel Fisher (Martes pennanti) White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus (Glaucomys sabrinus) Grizzly Bear (Ursus arctos) virginianus) Red Squirrel (Tamiasciurus Long-Tailed Weasel (Mustela Wild Boar/Feral Hog (Sus hudsonicus) frenata) scrofa) Swift Fox (Vulpes velox) Black Bear (Ursus americanus) Early Seral Wolverine (Gulo gulo) Bobcat (Lynx rufus) Moose (Alces alces) Wandering Shrew (Sorex Coyote (Canis latrans) Snowshoe Hare (Lepus vagrans) Domestic Cat (Felis catus) americanus) Olive-Backed Pocket Mouse Domestic Dog (Canis familiaris) Porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum) (Perognathus fasciatus) Raccoon (Procyon lotor) Ord's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys Striped Skunk (Mephitis Forest Edge ordii) mephitis) Caribou (Rangifer tarandus) Red-Tailed Chipmunk (Tamias Black Rat (Rattus rattus) Moose (Alces alces) ruficaudus) Franklin's Ground Squirrel Mule Deer (Odocoileus Water Vole (Microtus (Spermophilus franklinii) hemionus) richardsoni) Gray Squirrel (Sciurus Wapiti (Cervus elaphus) carolinensis) White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus High Responsibility House Mouse (Mus musculus) virginianus) American Bison (Bos bison) Least Chipmunk (Tamias Coyote (Canis latrans) Mule Deer (Odocoileus minimus) Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) hemionus) Northern Pocket Gopher Snowshoe Hare (Lepus Arctic Shrew (Sorex arcticus) (Thomomys talpoides) americanus) Dusky Shrew (Sorex Norway Rat (Rattus norvegicus) Franklin's Ground Squirrel monticolus) Thirteen-Lined Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus franklinii) Wandering Shrew (Sorex (Spermophilus Golden-Mantled Ground vagrans) tridecemlineatus) Squirrel (Spermophilus Columbian Ground Squirrel Woodchuck (Marmota monax) lateralis) (Spermophilus columbianus) Meadow Jumping Mouse Golden-Mantled Ground Riparian (Zapus hudsonius) Squirrel (Spermophilus Moose (Alces alces) Red-Tailed Chipmunk (Tamias lateralis) Mink (Mustela vison) ruficaudus) Heather Vole (Phenacomys Wandering Shrew (Sorex Thirteen-Lined Ground Squirrel intermedius) vagrans) (Spermophilus Least Chipmunk (Tamias Water Shrew (Sorex palustris) tridecemlineatus) minimus) Beaver (Castor canadensis) Western Jumping Mouse Meadow Jumping Mouse Brown Lemming (Lemmus (Zapus princeps) (Zapus hudsonius) sibiricus) Yellow-Pine Chipmunk (Tamias Northern Bog Lemming Meadow Jumping Mouse amoenus) (Synaptomys borealis) (Zapus hudsonius) Richardson's Ground Squirrel Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) Uncommon Species (Spermophilus richardsonii) Northern Bog Lemming American Bison (Bos bison) Taiga (Yellow-Cheeked) Vole (Synaptomys borealis) Caribou (Rangifer tarandus) (Microtus xanthognathus) Water Vole (Microtus Pronghorn (Antilocapra Water Vole (Microtus richardsoni) americana) richardsoni)

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Appendix 1b — Mammals Guild Membership (Level 3) continued

Cavity Nester Least Weasel (Mustela nivalis) Fisher (Martes pennanti) Long-Tailed Weasel (Mustela frenata) Marten (Martes americana) Marten (Martes americana) Raccoon (Procyon lotor) Mink (Mustela vison) Gray Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) Northern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus) River Otter (Lutra canadensis) Red Squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) Swift Fox (Vulpes velox) Wolverine (Gulo gulo) Habitat Engineer Beaver (Castor canadensis) Game Species Bushy-Tailed Woodrat (Neotoma cinerea) Bighorn Sheep (Ovis canadensis) Columbian Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus Caribou (Rangifer tarandus) columbianus) Moose (Alces alces) Northern Pocket Gopher (Thomomys talpoides) Mountain Goat (Oreamnos americanus) Red Squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus) Richardson's Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) richardsonii) Wapiti (Cervus elaphus) Woodchuck (Marmota monax) White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) Yellow-Bellied Marmot (Marmota flaviventris) Wild Boar/Feral Hog (Sus scrofa) Badger (Taxidea taxus) Irruptive Species Black Bear (Ursus americanus) Canada Lynx (Lynx canadensis) Bobcat (Lynx rufus) Coyote (Canis latrans) Canada Lynx (Lynx canadensis) Ermine (Mustela erminea) Cougar (Felis concolor) Fisher (Martes pennanti) Coyote (Canis latrans) Long-Tailed Weasel (Mustela frenata) Ermine (Mustela erminea) Marten (Martes americana) Fisher (Martes pennanti) Snowshoe Hare (Lepus americanus) Gray Wolf (Canis lupus) Brown Lemming (Lemmus sibiricus) Grizzly Bear (Ursus arctos) Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) Least Weasel (Mustela nivalis) Franklin's Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus franklinii) Long-Tailed Weasel (Mustela frenata) Meadow Vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus) Marten (Martes americana) Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) Mink (Mustela vison) Prairie Vole (Microtus ochrogaster) Raccoon (Procyon lotor) Sagebrush Vole (Lagurus curtatus) Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) Southern Red-Backed Vole (Clethrionomys gapperi) River Otter (Lutra canadensis) Water Vole (Microtus richardsoni) Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis) Wolverine (Gulo gulo) Carnivorous Species Nuttall's Cottontail (Sylvilagus nuttallii) Badger (Taxidea taxus) Snowshoe Hare (Lepus americanus) Black-Footed Ferret (Mustela nigripes) White-Tailed Jack Rabbit (Lepus townsendii) Bobcat (Lynx rufus) Beaver (Castor canadensis) Canada Lynx (Lynx canadensis) Gray Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) Cougar (Felis concolor) Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) Coyote (Canis latrans) Red Squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) Domestic Cat (Felis catus) Domestic Dog (Canis familiaris) Ermine (Mustela erminea) Fisher (Martes pennanti) Gray Wolf (Canis lupus)

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Appendix 2a — Bird Guild Membership (Level 4)

Forest Swainson's Thrush (Catharus ustulatus) American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) Tennessee Warbler (Vermivora peregrina) Broad-Winged Hawk (Buteo platypterus) Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus) Varied Thrush (Ixoreus naevius) Alder Flycatcher (Empidonax alnorum) Veery (Catharus fuscescens) American Redstart (Setophaga ruticilla) Warbling Vireo (Vireo gilvus) Baltimore (Northern) Oriole (Icterus galbula) Western Tanager (Piranga ludoviciana) Bay-Breasted Warbler (Dendroica castanea) White-Breasted Nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis) Black and White Warbler (Mniotilta varia) White-Crowned Sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys) Black-Capped Chickadee (Poecile atricapilla) White-Throated Sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis) Blackpoll Warbler (Dendroica striata) White-Winged Crossbill (Loxia leucoptera) Black-Throated Green Warbler (Dendroica virens) Wilson's Warbler (Wilsonia pusilla) Blue Jay (Cyanocitta cristata) Winter Wren (Troglodytes troglodytes) Blue-Headed (Solitary) Vireo (Vireo solitarius) Yellow Warbler (Dendroica petechia) Bohemian Waxwing (Bombycilla garrulus) Yellow-Rumped Warbler (Dendroica coronata) Boreal Chickadee (Poecile hudsonica) Black-Backed Woodpecker (Picoides arcticus) Brown Creeper (Certhia americana) Downy Woodpecker (Picoides pubescens) Brown-Headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) Hairy Woodpecker (Picoides villosus) Canada Warbler (Wilsonia canadensis) Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus) Cape May Warbler (Dendroica tigrina) Pileated Woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus) Cedar Waxwing (Bombycilla cedrorum) Three-Toed Woodpecker (Picoides tridactylus) Chestnut-Sided Warbler (Dendroica pensylvanica) Yellow-Bellied Sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius) Chipping Sparrow (Spizella passerina) Barred Owl (Strix varia) Common Grackle (Quiscalus quiscula) Great Gray Owl (Strix nebulosa) Connecticut Warbler (Oporornis agilis) Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus) Dark-Eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis) Western Wood Pewee (Contopus sordidulus) Evening Grosbeak (Coccothraustes vespertinus) Fox Sparrow (Passerella iliaca) Grassland/Meadow Golden-crowned Kinglet (Regulus satrapa) Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus) Gray Jay (Perisoreus canadensis) Long-Billed Curlew (Numenius americanus) Hammond's Flycatcher (Empidonax hammondii) Northern Harrier (Circus cyaneus) Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus) American Goldfinch (Carduelis tristis) Least Flycatcher (Empidonax minimus) Baird's Sparrow (Ammodramus bairdii) Magnolia Warbler (Dendroica magnolia) Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) Mountain Bluebird (Sialia currucoides) Chestnut-Collared Longspur (Calcarius ornatus) Mountain Chickadee (Poecile gambeli) Clay-Colored Sparrow (Spizella pallida) Mourning Warbler (Oporornis philadelphia) Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum) Northern Shrike (Lanius excubitor) Horned Lark (Eremophila alpestris) Northern Waterthrush (Seiurus noveboracensis) Lark Sparrow (Chondestes grammacus) Olive-Sided Flycatcher (Contopus cooperi) Le Conte's Sparrow (Ammodramus leconteii) Orange-Crowned Warbler (Vermivora celata) McCown's Longspur (Calcarius mccownii) Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapillus) Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis) Philadelphia Vireo (Vireo philadelphicus) Say's Phoebe (Sayornis saya) Pine Siskin (Carduelis pinus) Vesper Sparrow (Pooecetes gramineus) Purple Finch (Carpodacus purpureus) Red Crossbill (Loxia curvirostra) Alpine Red-Breasted Nuthatch (Sitta canadensis) American Pipit (Anthus rubescens) Red-Eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus) Rose-Breasted Grosbeak (Pheucticus ludovicianus) Peatland Ruby-Crowned Kinglet (Regulus calendula) Palm Warbler (Dendroica palmarum) Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia) Yellow-Bellied Flycatcher (Empidonax flaviventris) Steller's Jay (Cyanocitta stelleri)

ABMI SPECIES PYRAMID GUILD DEFINITIONS AND SPECIES LISTS 18 THE ALBERTA BIODIVERSITY MONITORING INSTITUTE WWW.ABMI.CA

Appendix 2a — Bird Guild Membership (Level 4)

Aquatic/Wetland Sprague's Pipit (Anthus spragueii) American Wigeon (Anas americana) Swamp Sparrow (Melospiza georgiana) Barrow's Goldeneye (Bucephala islandica) Yellow-Headed Blackbird (Xanthocephalus Blue-winged Teal (Anas discors) xanthocephalus) Bufflehead (Bucephala albeola) American White Pelican (Pelecanus Canada Goose (Branta canadensis) erythrorhynchos) Canvasback (Aythya valisineria) Double-Crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) Common Goldeneye (Bucephala clangula) Eared Grebe (Podiceps nigricollis) Gadwall (Anas strepera) Pied-Billed Grebe (Podilymbus podiceps) Hooded Merganser (Lophodytes cucullatus) Red-Necked Grebe (Podiceps grisegena) Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis) Western Grebe (Aechmophorus occidentalis) Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) Northern Pintail (Anas acuta) Habitat Generalist Northern Shoveler (Anas clypeata) Ruby-Throated Hummingbird (Archilochus colubris) Redhead (Aythya americana) Common Nighthawk (Chordeiles minor) Ring-Necked Duck (Aythya collaris) California Gull (Larus californicus) Ruddy Duck (Oxyura jamaicensis) Ring-Billed Gull (Larus delawarensis) Surf Scoter (Melanitta perspicillata) Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura) American Avocet (Recurvirostra americana) Merlin (Falco columbarius) Black Tern (Chlidonias niger) Red-Tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) Bonaparte's Gull (Larus philadelphia) Herring Gull (Larus argentatus) Common Tern (Sterna hirundo) American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) Franklin's Gull (Larus pipixcan) American Robin (Turdus migratorius) Greater Yellowlegs (Tringa melanoleuca) Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica) Lesser Yellowlegs (Tringa flavipes) Black-Billed Magpie (Pica hudsonia) Mew Gull (Larus canus) Common Raven (Corvus corax) Solitary Sandpiper (Tringa solitaria) Eastern Kingbird (Tyrannus tyrannus) Spotted Sandpiper (Actitis macularia) House Wren (Troglodytes aedon) Willet (Catoptrophorus semipalmatus) Wilson's (Common) Snipe (Gallinago delicata) Non-Native Wilson's Phalarope (Phalaropus tricolor) Rock Dove (Columba livia) American Bittern (Botaurus lentiginosus) European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias) Domestic Chicken (Gallus gallus) Belted Kingfisher (Ceryle alcyon) Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) Common Loon (Gavia immer) American Coot (Fulica americana) Sandhill Crane (Grus canadensis) Sora (Porzana carolina) Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) Bank Swallow (Riparia riparia) Brewer's Blackbird (Euphagus cyanocephalus) Cliff Swallow (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas) Lincoln's Sparrow (Melospiza lincolnii) Marsh Wren (Cistothorus palustris) Nelson's Sharp-Tailed Sparrow (Ammodramus nelsoni) Northern Rough-Winged Swallow (Stelgidopteryx serripennis) Rusty Blackbird (Euphagus carolinus)

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Appendix 2b — Birds Guild Membership (Level 3)

Old-growth Forest Chipping Sparrow (Spizella passerina) Broad-winged Hawk (Buteo platypterus) Connecticut Warbler (Oporornis agilis) Baltimore (Northern) Oriole (Icterus galbula) Dark-Eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis) Bay-breasted Warbler (Dendroica castanea) Mourning Warbler (Oporornis philadelphia) Blackpoll Warbler (Dendroica striata) Red-Eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus) Black-Throated Green Warbler (Dendroica virens) Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia) Blue-Headed (Solitary) Vireo (Vireo solitarius) Tennessee Warbler (Vermivora peregrina) Boreal Chickadee (Poecile hudsonica) Veery (Catharus fuscescens) Brown Creeper (Certhia americana) Cape May Warbler (Dendroica tigrina) Interior Forest Evening Grosbeak (Coccothraustes vespertinus) Broad-Winged Hawk (Buteo platypterus) Golden-Crowned Kinglet (Regulus satrapa) Black-Throated Green Warbler (Dendroica virens) Hammond's Flycatcher (Empidonax hammondii) Brown Creeper (Certhia americana) Least Flycatcher (Empidonax minimus) Golden-Crowned Kinglet (Regulus satrapa) Magnolia Warbler (Dendroica magnolia) Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus) Northern Waterthrush (Seiurus noveboracensis) Magnolia Warbler (Dendroica magnolia) Philadelphia Vireo (Vireo philadelphicus) Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapillus) Pine Siskin (Carduelis pinus) Red-Breasted Nuthatch (Sitta canadensis) Purple Finch (Carpodacus purpureus) Swainson's Thrush (Catharus ustulatus) Red Crossbill (Loxia curvirostra) Veery (Catharus fuscescens) Red-Breasted Nuthatch (Sitta canadensis) Western Tanager (Piranga ludoviciana) Rose-Breasted Grosbeak (Pheucticus ludovicianus) Winter Wren (Troglodytes troglodytes) Ruby-Crowned Kinglet (Regulus calendula) Yellow-Rumped Warbler (Dendroica coronata) Swainson's Thrush (Catharus ustulatus) Hairy Woodpecker (Picoides villosus) Varied Thrush (Ixoreus naevius) Barred Owl (Strix varia) Warbling Vireo (Vireo gilvus) Western Tanager (Piranga ludoviciana) Forest Edge White-Breasted Nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis) Ruby-Throated Hummingbird (Archilochus colubris) White-Winged Crossbill (Loxia leucoptera) Greater Yellowlegs (Tringa melanoleuca) Winter Wren (Troglodytes troglodytes) Lesser Yellowlegs (Tringa flavipes) Yellow-Rumped Warbler (Dendroica coronata) Solitary Sandpiper (Tringa solitaria) Hairy Woodpecker (Picoides villosus) Blue Jay (Cyanocitta cristata) Pileated Woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus) Bohemian Waxwing (Bombycilla garrulus) Yellow-Bellied Sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius) Brewer's Blackbird (Euphagus cyanocephalus) Barred Owl (Strix varia) Brown-Headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) Great Gray Owl (Strix nebulosa) Canada Warbler (Wilsonia canadensis) Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus) Cedar Waxwing (Bombycilla cedrorum) Western Wood Pewee (Contopus sordidulus) Chestnut-Sided Warbler (Dendroica pensylvanica) Chipping Sparrow (Spizella passerina) Forest Burns Common Grackle (Quiscalus quiscula) American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) Dark-Eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis) Olive-Sided Flycatcher (Contopus cooperi) Eastern Kingbird (Tyrannus tyrannus) Black-Backed Woodpecker (Picoides arcticus) Evening Grosbeak (Coccothraustes vespertinus) Three-Toed Woodpecker (Picoides tridactylus) Fox Sparrow (Passerella iliaca) Gray Jay (Perisoreus canadensis) Early Seral House Wren (Troglodytes aedon) Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus) Lincoln's Sparrow (Melospiza lincolnii) Alder Flycatcher (Empidonax alnorum) Mountain Bluebird (Sialia currucoides) American Redstart (Setophaga ruticilla) Mourning Warbler (Oporornis philadelphia) Canada Warbler (Wilsonia canadensis) Northern Shrike (Lanius excubitor) Cedar Waxwing (Bombycilla cedrorum) Northern Waterthrush (Seiurus noveboracensis) Chestnut-Sided Warbler (Dendroica pensylvanica) Olive-Sided Flycatcher (Contopus cooperi)

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Appendix 2b — Birds Guild Membership (Level 3) Continued

Forest Edge (con’t) Northern Shoveler (Anas clypeata) Orange-Crowned Warbler (Vermivora celata) Redhead (Aythya americana) Palm Warbler (Dendroica palmarum) Black Tern (Chlidonias niger) Rose-Breasted Grosbeak (Pheucticus ludovicianus) California Gull (Larus californicus) Rusty Blackbird (Euphagus carolinus) Franklin's Gull (Larus pipixcan) Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia) Greater Yellowlegs (Tringa melanoleuca) Swainson's Thrush (Catharus ustulatus) Lesser Yellowlegs (Tringa flavipes) Tennessee Warbler (Vermivora peregrina) Wilson's Phalarope (Phalaropus tricolor) Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) Sandhill Crane (Grus canadensis) Warbling Vireo (Vireo gilvus) Baird's Sparrow (Ammodramus bairdii) White-Breasted Nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis) Bay-Breasted Warbler (Dendroica castanea) White-Crowned Sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys) Black-Billed Magpie (Pica hudsonia) White-Throated Sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis) Black-Throated Green Warbler (Dendroica virens) Wilson's Warbler (Wilsonia pusilla) Bohemian Waxwing (Bombycilla garrulus) Yellow Warbler (Dendroica petechia) Canada Warbler (Wilsonia canadensis) Yellow-Bellied Flycatcher (Empidonax flaviventris) Cape May Warbler (Dendroica tigrina) Domestic Chicken (Gallus gallus) Chestnut-Collared Longspur (Calcarius ornatus) Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus) Clay-Colored Sparrow (Spizella pallida) Great Gray Owl (Strix nebulosa) Connecticut Warbler (Oporornis agilis) Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus) Evening Grosbeak (Coccothraustes vespertinus) Western Wood Pewee (Contopus sordidulus) Le Conte's Sparrow (Ammodramus leconteii) Magnolia Warbler (Dendroica magnolia) Uncommon Species McCown's Longspur (Calcarius mccownii) Common Nighthawk (Chordeiles minor) Mountain Bluebird (Sialia currucoides) Black Tern (Chlidonias niger) Mourning Warbler (Oporornis philadelphia) Long-Billed Curlew (Numenius americanus) Palm Warbler (Dendroica palmarum) American Bittern (Botaurus lentiginosus) Philadelphia Vireo (Vireo philadelphicus) Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias) Red Crossbill (Loxia curvirostra) Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) Rose-Breasted Grosbeak (Pheucticus ludovicianus) Broad-Winged Hawk (Buteo platypterus) Sprague's Pipit (Anthus spragueii) Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) Tennessee Warbler (Vermivora peregrina) Sandhill Crane (Grus canadensis) Western Tanager (Piranga ludoviciana) Baird's Sparrow (Ammodramus bairdii) White-Throated Sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis) Bay-Breasted Warbler (Dendroica castanea) Winter Wren (Troglodytes troglodytes) Black-Throated Green Warbler (Dendroica virens) Yellow-Bellied Flycatcher (Empidonax flaviventris) Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) Yellow-Headed Blackbird (Xanthocephalus Canada Warbler (Wilsonia canadensis) xanthocephalus) Cape May Warbler (Dendroica tigrina) American White Pelican (Pelecanus Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum) erythrorhynchos) Sprague's Pipit (Anthus spragueii) Double-Crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) Western Tanager (Piranga ludoviciana) Yellow-Bellied Sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius) American White Pelican (Pelecanus Eared Grebe (Podiceps nigricollis) erythrorhynchos) Red-Necked Grebe (Podiceps grisegena) Black-backed Woodpecker (Picoides arcticus) Western Grebe (Aechmophorus occidentalis) Pileated Woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus) Pied-Billed Grebe (Podilymbus podiceps) Human Modified Habitat Western Grebe (Aechmophorus occidentalis) Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) Barred Owl (Strix varia) California Gull (Larus californicus) Great Gray Owl (Strix nebulosa) Franklin's Gull (Larus pipixcan) Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus) High Responsibility Ring-Billed Gull (Larus delawarensis) Bufflehead (Bucephala albeola) Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)

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Appendix 2b — Birds Guild Membership (Level 3) Continued

Human Modified Habitat Solitary Sandpiper (Tringa solitaria) Rock Dove (Columba livia) Spotted Sandpiper (Actitis macularia) American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) Willet (Catoptrophorus semipalmatus) Red-Winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) Wilson's (Common) Snipe (Gallinago delicata) Herring Gull (Larus argentatus) Wilson's Phalarope (Phalaropus tricolor) American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) American Bittern (Botaurus lentiginosus) American Robin (Turdus migratorius) Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias) Bank Swallow (Riparia riparia) Belted Kingfisher (Ceryle alcyon) Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica) American Coot (Fulica americana) Black-Billed Magpie (Pica hudsonia) Sandhill Crane (Grus canadensis) Black-Capped Chickadee (Poecile atricapilla) Sora (Porzana carolina) Blue Jay (Cyanocitta cristata) Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) Alder Flycatcher (Empidonax alnorum) Brewer's Blackbird (Euphagus cyanocephalus) Brewer's Blackbird (Euphagus cyanocephalus) Brown-Headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) Canada Warbler (Wilsonia canadensis) Cedar Waxwing (Bombycilla cedrorum) Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas) Chipping Sparrow (Spizella passerina) Le Conte's Sparrow (Ammodramus leconteii) Cliff Swallow (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) Lincoln's Sparrow (Melospiza lincolnii) Common Grackle (Quiscalus quiscula) Marsh Wren (Cistothorus palustris) Eastern Kingbird (Tyrannus tyrannus) Nelson's Sharp-Tailed Sparrow (Ammodramus European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) nelsoni) Gray Jay (Perisoreus canadensis) Northern Waterthrush (Seiurus noveboracensis) House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) Orange-Crowned Warbler (Vermivora celata) House Wren (Troglodytes aedon) Palm Warbler (Dendroica palmarum) Purple Finch (Carpodacus purpureus) Rusty Blackbird (Euphagus carolinus) Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis) Sprague's Pipit (Anthus spragueii) Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia) Swamp Sparrow (Melospiza georgiana) Steller's Jay (Cyanocitta stelleri) Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) Wilson's Warbler (Wilsonia pusilla) Warbling Vireo (Vireo gilvus) Yellow Warbler (Dendroica petechia) Yellow Warbler (Dendroica petechia) Yellow-Bellied Flycatcher (Empidonax flaviventris) Domestic Chicken (Gallus gallus) Yellow-Headed Blackbird (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus) Riparian Eared Grebe (Podiceps nigricollis) American Wigeon (Anas americana) Pied-Billed Grebe (Podilymbus podiceps) Blue-Winged Teal (Anas discors) Red-Necked Grebe (Podiceps grisegena) Canada Goose (Branta canadensis) Canvasback (Aythya valisineria) Cavity Nester Gadwall (Anas strepera) Barrow's Goldeneye (Bucephala islandica) Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis) Bufflehead (Bucephala albeola) Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) Common Goldeneye (Bucephala clangula) Northern Pintail (Anas acuta) Hooded Merganser (Lophodytes cucullatus) Northern Shoveler (Anas clypeata) Ruddy Duck (Oxyura jamaicensis) Redhead (Aythya americana) American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) Ring-Necked Duck (Aythya collaris) Black-Capped Chickadee (Poecile atricapilla) Ruddy Duck (Oxyura jamaicensis) Boreal Chickadee (Poecile hudsonica) American Avocet (Recurvirostra americana) European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) Black Tern (Chlidonias niger) House Wren (Troglodytes aedon) Bonaparte's Gull (Larus philadelphia) Mountain Bluebird (Sialia currucoides) Greater Yellowlegs (Tringa melanoleuca) Mountain Chickadee (Poecile gambeli) Lesser Yellowlegs (Tringa flavipes) Red-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta canadensis) Mew Gull (Larus canus) Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor)

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Appendix 2b — Birds Guild Membership (Level 3) Continued

White-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis) Blue-Winged Teal (Anas discors) Black-backed Woodpecker (Picoides arcticus) Bufflehead (Bucephala albeola) Downy Woodpecker (Picoides pubescens) Canada Goose (Branta canadensis) Hairy Woodpecker (Picoides villosus) Canvasback (Aythya valisineria) Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus) Common Goldeneye (Bucephala clangula) Pileated Woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus) Gadwall (Anas strepera) Three-toed Woodpecker (Picoides tridactylus) Hooded Merganser (Lophodytes cucullatus) Yellow-Bellied Sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius) Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis) Barred Owl (Strix varia) Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) Northern Pintail (Anas acuta) Habitat Engineer Northern Shoveler (Anas clypeata) Belted Kingfisher (Ceryle alcyon) Redhead (Aythya americana) Black-backed Woodpecker (Picoides arcticus) Ring-Necked Duck (Aythya collaris) Downy Woodpecker (Picoides pubescens) Ruddy Duck (Oxyura jamaicensis) Hairy Woodpecker (Picoides villosus) Surf Scoter (Melanitta perspicillata) Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus) Wilson's (Common) Snipe (Gallinago delicata) Pileated Woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus) Rock Dove (Columba livia) Three-Toed Woodpecker (Picoides tridactylus) Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus) Yellow-Bellied Sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius) American Coot (Fulica americana) Sandhill Crane (Grus canadensis) Irruptive Species Domestic Chicken (Gallus gallus) Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus) Red Crossbill (Loxia curvirostra) Winter Residents White-Winged Crossbill (Loxia leucoptera) Rock Dove (Columba livia) Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus) Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus) Hooded Merganser (Lophodytes cucullatus) Black-Billed Magpie (Pica hudsonia) Common Tern (Sterna hirundo) Black-Capped Chickadee (Poecile atricapilla) Blue Jay (Cyanocitta cristata) Carnivorous Species Boreal Chickadee (Poecile hudsonica) American Bittern (Botaurus lentiginosus) Brown Creeper (Certhia americana) Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias) Common Raven (Corvus corax) Belted Kingfisher (Ceryle alcyon) Evening Grosbeak (Coccothraustes vespertinus) American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) Gray Jay (Perisoreus canadensis) Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) Broad-Winged Hawk (Buteo platypterus) Mountain Chickadee (Poecile gambeli) Merlin (Falco columbarius) Red Crossbill (Loxia curvirostra) Northern Harrier (Circus cyaneus) Red-Breasted Nuthatch (Sitta canadensis) Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) Steller's Jay (Cyanocitta stelleri) Red-Tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) White-Breasted Nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis) Common Loon (Gavia immer) White-Winged Crossbill (Loxia leucoptera) Northern Shrike (Lanius excubitor) Domestic Chicken (Gallus gallus) American White Pelican (Pelecanus Black-Backed Woodpecker (Picoides arcticus) erythrorhynchos) Downy Woodpecker (Picoides pubescens) Double-Crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) Hairy Woodpecker (Picoides villosus) Western Grebe (Aechmophorus occidentalis) Pileated Woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus) Barred Owl (Strix varia) Three-Toed Woodpecker (Picoides tridactylus) Great Gray Owl (Strix nebulosa) Barred Owl (Strix varia) Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus) Great Gray Owl (Strix nebulosa) Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus) Game Species American Wigeon (Anas americana) Barrow's Goldeneye (Bucephala islandica)

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Appendix 2b — Birds Guild Membership (Level 3) Continued

Neotropical Species Warbling Vireo (Vireo gilvus) Blue-Winged Teal (Anas discors) Western Tanager (Piranga ludoviciana) Ruby-Throated Hummingbird (Archilochus colubris) Wilson's Warbler (Wilsonia pusilla) Common Nighthawk (Chordeiles minor) Yellow Warbler (Dendroica petechia) American Avocet (Recurvirostra americana) Yellow-Bellied Flycatcher (Empidonax flaviventris) Black Tern (Chlidonias niger) Yellow-Headed Blackbird (Xanthocephalus Common Tern (Sterna hirundo) xanthocephalus) Franklin's Gull (Larus pipixcan) Pied-Billed Grebe (Podilymbus podiceps) Greater Yellowlegs (Tringa melanoleuca) Western Wood Pewee (Contopus sordidulus) Lesser Yellowlegs (Tringa flavipes) Long-Billed Curlew (Numenius americanus) Short Distance Migrants Solitary Sandpiper (Tringa solitaria) American Wigeon (Anas americana) Spotted Sandpiper (Actitis macularia) Barrow's Goldeneye (Bucephala islandica) Willet (Catoptrophorus semipalmatus) Bufflehead (Bucephala albeola) Wilson's (Common) Snipe (Gallinago delicata) Canada Goose (Branta canadensis) Wilson's Phalarope (Phalaropus tricolor) Canvasback (Aythya valisineria) American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) Common Goldeneye (Bucephala clangula) Broad-Winged Hawk (Buteo platypterus) Gadwall (Anas strepera) Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) Hooded Merganser (Lophodytes cucullatus) American Redstart (Setophaga ruticilla) Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis) Baltimore (Northern) Oriole (Icterus galbula) Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) Bank Swallow (Riparia riparia) Northern Pintail (Anas acuta) Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica) Northern Shoveler (Anas clypeata) Bay-Breasted Warbler (Dendroica castanea) Redhead (Aythya americana) Black and White Warbler (Mniotilta varia) Ring-Necked Duck (Aythya collaris) Blackpoll Warbler (Dendroica striata) Ruddy Duck (Oxyura jamaicensis) Black-Throated Green Warbler (Dendroica virens) Surf Scoter (Melanitta perspicillata) Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) Bonaparte's Gull (Larus philadelphia) Canada Warbler (Wilsonia canadensis) California Gull (Larus californicus) Cape May Warbler (Dendroica tigrina) Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus) Chestnut-Sided Warbler (Dendroica pensylvanica) Mew Gull (Larus canus) Clay-Colored Sparrow (Spizella pallida) Ring-Billed Gull (Larus delawarensis) Cliff Swallow (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) American Bittern (Botaurus lentiginosus) Connecticut Warbler (Oporornis agilis) Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias) Eastern Kingbird (Tyrannus tyrannus) Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura) Hammond's Flycatcher (Empidonax hammondii) Belted Kingfisher (Ceryle alcyon) House Wren (Troglodytes aedon) Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) Least Flycatcher (Empidonax minimus) Merlin (Falco columbarius) Magnolia Warbler (Dendroica magnolia) Northern Harrier (Circus cyaneus) Mourning Warbler (Oporornis philadelphia) Red-Tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) Northern Rough-Winged Swallow (Stelgidopteryx Common Loon (Gavia immer) serripennis) American Coot (Fulica americana) Northern Waterthrush (Seiurus noveboracensis) Sandhill Crane (Grus canadensis) Olive-Sided Flycatcher (Contopus cooperi) Red-Winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapillus) Herring Gull (Larus argentatus) Palm Warbler (Dendroica palmarum) American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) Philadelphia Vireo (Vireo philadelphicus) American Goldfinch (Carduelis tristis) Red-Eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus) American Pipit (Anthus rubescens) Rose-Breasted Grosbeak (Pheucticus ludovicianus) American Robin (Turdus migratorius) Swainson's Thrush (Catharus ustulatus) Baird's Sparrow (Ammodramus bairdii) Tennessee Warbler (Vermivora peregrina) Blue-Headed (Solitary) Vireo (Vireo solitarius) Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) Bohemian Waxwing (Bombycilla garrulus) Veery (Catharus fuscescens)

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Appendix 2b — Birds Guild Membership (Level 3) continued

Short Distance Migrants (cont’d) Brewer's Blackbird (Euphagus cyanocephalus) Brown-Headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) Cedar Waxwing (Bombycilla cedrorum) Chestnut-Collared Longspur (Calcarius ornatus) Chipping Sparrow (Spizella passerina) Common Grackle (Quiscalus quiscula) Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas) Dark-Eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis) European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) Fox Sparrow (Passerella iliaca) Golden-Crowned Kinglet (Regulus satrapa) Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum) Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus) Horned Lark (Eremophila alpestris) Lark Sparrow (Chondestes grammacus) Le Conte's Sparrow (Ammodramus leconteii) Lincoln's Sparrow (Melospiza lincolnii) Marsh Wren (Cistothorus palustris) McCown's Longspur (Calcarius mccownii) Mountain Bluebird (Sialia currucoides) Nelson's Sharp-tailed Sparrow (Ammodramus nelsoni) Northern Shrike (Lanius excubitor) Orange-Crowned Warbler (Vermivora celata) Pine Siskin (Carduelis pinus) Purple Finch (Carpodacus purpureus) Ruby-Crowned Kinglet (Regulus calendula) Rusty Blackbird (Euphagus carolinus) Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis) Say's Phoebe (Sayornis saya) Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia) Sprague's Pipit (Anthus spragueii) Swamp Sparrow (Melospiza georgiana) Varied Thrush (Ixoreus naevius) Vesper Sparrow (Pooecetes gramineus) Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta) White-Crowned Sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys) White-Throated Sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis) Winter Wren (Troglodytes troglodytes) Yellow-Rumped Warbler (Dendroica coronata) American White Pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) Double-Crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus) Yellow-Bellied Sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius) Eared Grebe (Podiceps nigricollis) Red-Necked Grebe (Podiceps grisegena) Western Grebe (Aechmophorus occidentalis)

ABMI SPECIES PYRAMID GUILD DEFINITIONS AND SPECIES LISTS 25 THE ALBERTA BIODIVERSITY MONITORING INSTITUTE WWW.ABMI.CA

Appendix 3a — Herptile Guild Membership (Levels 3 & 4)

Forest Northern Leopard Frog (Rana pipiens) not applicable Plains Spadefoot Toad (Spea bombifrons) Long-Toed Salamander (Ambystoma Grassland/Meadow macrodactylum) Prairie Rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis) Prairie Rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis) Western Hognose Snake (Heterodon nasicus) Western Hognose Snake (Heterodon nasicus) Eastern Short-Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma Eastern Short-Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma hernandesi) hernandesi) Bullsnake (Pituophis catenifer) Bullsnake (Pituophis catenifer) Wandering Garter Snake (Thamnophis elegans) Alpine/Arctic Red-Sided Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis) Racer (Coluber constrictor) Western Painted Turtle (Chrysemys picta)

Peatland High Management Responsibility not applicable Western Toad (Bufo boreas) Canadian Toad (Bufo hemiophrys) Wetland/Aquatic Prairie Rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis) Tailed Frog (Ascaphus truei) Wandering Garter Snake (Thamnophis elegans) Western Toad (Bufo boreas) Great Plains Toad (Bufo cognatus) Riparian Canadian Toad (Bufo hemiophrys) Tailed Frog (Ascaphus truei) Boreal Chorus Frog (Pseudacris triseriata) Western Toad (Bufo boreas) Columbia Spotted Frog (Rana luteiventris) Great Plains Toad (Bufo cognatus) Northern Leopard Frog (Rana pipiens) Canadian Toad (Bufo hemiophrys) Wood Frog (Rana sylvatica) Boreal Chorus Frog (Pseudacris triseriata) Plains Spadefoot Toad (Spea bombifrons) Columbia Spotted Frog (Rana luteiventris) Long-Toed Salamander (Ambystoma Northern Leopard Frog (Rana pipiens) macrodactylum) Wood Frog (Rana sylvatica) Tiger Salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) Plains Spadefoot Toad (Spea bombifrons) Wandering Garter Snake (Thamnophis elegans) Long-Toed Salamander (Ambystoma Western Plains Gartersnake (Thamnophis radix) macrodactylum) Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina) Tiger Salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) Western Painted Turtle (Chrysemys picta) Wandering Garter Snake (Thamnophis elegans) Western Plains Gartersnake (Thamnophis radix) Habitat Generalists Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina) Rubber Boa (Charina bottae) Western Painted Turtle (Chrysemys picta) Red-Sided Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis) Carnivorous Non-Native Species Rubber Boa (Charina bottae) not applicable Prairie Rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis) Western Hognose Snake (Heterodon nasicus) Uncommon Bullsnake (Pituophis catenifer) Western Toad (Bufo boreas) Wandering Garter Snake (Thamnophis elegans) Great Plains Toad (Bufo cognatus) Western Plains Gartersnake (Thamnophis radix) Canadian Toad (Bufo hemiophrys) Red-Sided Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis) Columbia Spotted Frog (Rana luteiventris)

ABMI SPECIES PYRAMID GUILD DEFINITIONS AND SPECIES LISTS 26 THE ALBERTA BIODIVERSITY MONITORING INSTITUTE WWW.ABMI.CA

Appendix 4a — Vascular Plant Guild Membership (Level 4)

Forest Linnaea borealis Sorbus scopulina Abies balsamea Listera borealis Spiraea betulifolia Actaea rubra Lonicera dioica Stellaria longifolia Adoxa moschatellina Luzula parviflora Stellaria longipes Amerorchis rotundifolia Lycopodium clavatum Stenanthium occidentale Anemone riparia Lycopodium obscurum Streptopus amplexifolius Angelica dawsonii Maianthemum canadense Symphoricarpos albus Angelica genuflexa Maianthemum racemosum ssp. Thalictrum sparsiflorum Aralia nudicaulis amplexicaule Tiarella trifoliata Arceuthobium americanum Matteuccia struthiopteris Trientalis borealis Arnica cordifolia Melampyrum lineare Trientalis europaea Aster umbellatus* Menziesia ferruginea Vaccinium caespitosum Astragalus americanus Mitella nuda Vaccinium membranaceum Astragalus canadensis Moehringia lateriflora Vaccinium myrtilloides Athyrium filix-femina Moneses uniflora Vaccinium ovalifolium Barbarea orthocera Monotropa uniflora Viburnum edule Betula neoalaskana Oplopanax horridum Viburnum opulus Betula occidentalis Orthilia secunda Viola canadensis Betula papyrifera Oryzopsis asperifolia Viola renifolia Calypso bulbosa Osmorhiza depauperata Carex concinna Osmorhiza longistylis Grassland/Meadow Carex deweyana Picea engelmannii Acer negundo Carex peckii Picea glauca Allium textile Carex richardsonii Picea pungens Androsace occidentalis Castilleja raupii Pinus banksiana Anemone patens Cerastium nutans Pinus contorta Arnica chamissonis Chrysosplenium tetrandrum Platanthera orbiculata Artemisia cana Cinna latifolia Populus balsamifera Artemisia frigida Circaea alpina Populus grandidentata Artemisia ludoviciana Clematis occidentalis Populus tremuloides Aster laevis Coptis trifolia Potentilla tridentata Astragalus drummondii Corallorrhiza maculata Prunus pensylvanica Astragalus flexuosus Corallorrhiza striata Prunus virginiana Astragalus pectinatus Cornus canadensis Pyrola asarifolia Astragalus purshii Corydalis sempervirens Pyrola chlorantha Bouteloua gracilis Cypripedium passerinum Pyrola elliptica Calamovilfa longifolia Diervilla lonicera Pyrola minor Carex filifolia Diphasiastrum complanatum Ranunculus uncinatus Carex pensylvanica Disporum trachycarpum Rhamnus alnifolia Carex stenophylla* Dryopteris carthusiana Ribes americanum Carex xerantica Dryopteris expansa+ Ribes glandulosum Castilleja occidentalis Equisetum scirpoides Ribes hirtellum Chamaerhodos erecta Fraxinus pennsylvanica Ribes hudsonianum Cirsium flodmanii Galium triflorum Ribes oxyacanthoides Cirsium hookerianum Geocaulon lividum Ribes triste Cirsium undulatum Geranium bicknellii Rubus parviflorus Coryphantha vivipara* Goodyera repens Rubus pedatus Dalea purpurea Gymnocarpium dryopteris Rubus pubescens Dalea purpurea var. purpurea Hackelia jessicae Salix scouleriana Distichlis stricta Halenia deflexa Sambucus racemosa Coryphantha vivipara* Larix occidentalis Sanicula marilandica Dalea purpurea Lathyrus venosus Schizachne purpurascens Dalea purpurea var. purpurea Leymus innovatus Shepherdia canadensis Distichlis stricta

ABMI SPECIES PYRAMID GUILD DEFINITIONS AND SPECIES LISTS 27 THE ALBERTA BIODIVERSITY MONITORING INSTITUTE WWW.ABMI.CA

Appendix 4a – Vascular Plant Guild Memebership (Level 4) con’t

Grassland/Meadow (con’t) Verbena bracteata Carex loliacea Dodecatheon conjugens Viola nuttallii Carex magellanica ssp. irrigua Elymus elymoides Zigadenus venenosus Carex pauciflora Elymus lanceolatus Poa pratensis Carex tenuiflora Erigeron caespitosus Poa sandbergii* Chamaedaphne calyculata Erigeron pumilus Potentilla bipinnatifida Drosera anglica Eurotia lanata Potentilla concinna Drosera rotundifolia Festuca altaica Potentilla hippiana Empetrum nigrum Festuca campestris Potentilla pensylvanica Eriophorum chamissonis Festuca idahoensis Psoralea argophylla* Eriophorum vaginatum Gaura coccinea Ratibida columnifera Galium trifidum Geranium viscosissimum Rosa arkansana Kalmia microphylla Geum triflorum Senecio integerrimus Kalmia polifolia Gutierrezia sarothrae Solidago missouriensis Kobresia simpliciuscula Hedeoma hispida Solidago mollis Larix laricina Helianthus subrhomboideus* Sphaeralcea coccinea Ledum palustre Iva axillaris Stipa columbiana* Menyanthes trifoliata Liatris punctata Stipa curtiseta* Myrica gale Linum rigidum Stipa viridula* Pedicularis parviflora Lithospermum ruderale Thermopsis rhombifolia Rubus chamaemorus Lygodesmia juncea Trisetum spicatum Salix discolor Muhlenbergia richardsonis Verbena bracteata Salix myrtillifolia Opuntia fragilis Viola nuttallii Salix pedicellaris Opuntia polyacantha Zigadenus venenosus Salix planifolia Orobanche fasciculata Salix pseudomyrsinites Orthocarpus luteus Alpine Sarracenia purpurea Oxytropis sericea Abies bifolia Scheuchzeria palustris Paronychia sessiliflora Arnica angustifolia Vaccinium oxycoccos Pascopyrum smithii Arnica lonchophylla Vaccinium vitis-idaea Penstemon albidus Artemisia norvegica Penstemon gracilis Astragalus vexilliflexus Wetland Phlox alyssifolia Cassiope tetragona Betula glandulosa Phlox hoodii Diphasiastrum sitchense Betula pumila Plantago patagonica Epilobium leptocarpum Carex brunnescens Poa arida Juncus albescens Carex canescens Poa pratensis Penstemon albertinus Carex lasiocarpa Poa sandbergii* Poa alpina Carex limosa Potentilla bipinnatifida Salix reticulata Carex loliacea Potentilla concinna Senecio pauperculus Carex pauciflora Potentilla hippiana Stellaria crispa Carex tenuiflora Potentilla pensylvanica Veronica alpina Drosera anglica Psoralea argophylla* Drosera rotundifolia Ratibida columnifera Peatland Galium trifidum Rosa arkansana Andromeda polifolia Menyanthes trifoliata Senecio integerrimus Aster borealis* Pedicularis parviflora Solidago missouriensis Betula glandulosa Salix discolor Solidago mollis Betula pumila Salix myrtillifolia Sphaeralcea coccinea Carex brunnescens Salix pedicellaris Stipa columbiana* Carex canescens Salix planifolia Stipa curtiseta* Carex chordorrhiza Salix pseudomyrsinites Stipa viridula* Carex lasiocarpa Scheuchzeria palustris Thermopsis rhombifolia Carex limosa Vaccinium oxycoccos Trisetum spicatum Carex livida Vaccinium vitis-idaea

ABMI SPECIES PYRAMID GUILD DEFINITIONS AND SPECIES LISTS 28 THE ALBERTA BIODIVERSITY MONITORING INSTITUTE WWW.ABMI.CA

Appendix 4a – Vascular Plant Guild Membership (Level 4) con’t

Wetland (con’t) Lycopus asper Ceratophyllum demersum Castilleja raupii Lycopus uniflorus Chenopodium rubrum Alopecurus aequalis Lysimachia thyrsiflora Elodea canadensis Aster brachyactis Mentha arvensis Hippuris vulgaris Aster hesperius Parnassia palustris Lemna minor Aster modestus Pedicularis groenlandica Lemna trisulca Aster puniceus Petasites frigidus Lemna turionifera Beckmannia syzigachne Petasites sagittatus Myriophyllum alterniflorum Bidens cernua Phalaris arundinacea Myriophyllum sibiricum Calamagrostis stricta* Phragmites australis Myriophyllum verticillatum Calla palustris Platanthera dilatata Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm. ssp. Caltha natans Polygonum amphibium variegata Caltha palustris Potentilla anserina* Nymphaea tetragona Carex aquatilis Puccinellia nuttalliana Polygonum coccineum* Carex atherodes Ranunculus gmelinii Potamogeton alpinus Carex aurea Ranunculus macounii Potamogeton filiformis* Carex bebbii Ranunculus pensylvanicus Potamogeton friesii Carex crawfordii Ranunculus sceleratus Potamogeton gramineus Carex diandra Rorippa palustris Potamogeton natans Carex interior Rumex britannica Potamogeton nodosus Carex lacustris Rumex occidentalis Potamogeton obtusifolius Carex microglochin Salix athabascensis Potamogeton pectinatus Carex pellita Salix candida Potamogeton praelongus Carex prairea Salix exigua Potamogeton pusillus Carex pseudocyperus Salix glauca Potamogeton richardsonii Carex rostrata Salix glauca var. villosa Potamogeton robbinsii Carex utriculata Salix lucida Potamogeton vaginatus Carex viridula Salix maccalliana Potamogeton zosteriformis Cicuta bulbifera Salix serissima Ranunculus aquatilis Cicuta maculata Scirpus cyperinus Ruppia cirrhosa* Comandra umbellata Scirpus microcarpus Sagittaria cuneata Eleocharis palustris Scutellaria galericulata Schoenoplectus acutus Eleocharis quinqueflora Senecio congestus Schoenoplectus Epilobium ciliatum Senecio triangularis tabernaemontani Epilobium leptophyllum Sium suave Scolochloa festucacea Epilobium palustre Solidago graminifolia Sparganium angustifolium Equisetum fluviatile Stachys palustris Sparganium eurycarpum Equisetum palustre Suaeda calceoliformis Sparganium fluctuans Equisetum variegatum Triglochin maritima Sparganium minimum Eriophorum brachyantherum Triglochin palustre Spirodela polyrhiza Eriophorum gracile Typha latifolia Utricularia intermedia Eriophorum polystachion* Valeriana dioica Utricularia minor Eriophorum viridicarinatum Veronica americana Utricularia vulgaris Geum rivale Veronica scutellata Glyceria borealis Viola palustris Sand flats and dunes Glyceria grandis Arabis lyrata Glyceria striata Aquatic Atriplex nuttallii Juncus balticus Acorus americanus Calamovilfa longifolia Juncus tenuis Alisma gramineum Carex backii Juncus vaseyi Alisma triviale Carex siccata Lathyrus palustris Callitriche hermaphroditica Carex tonsa Lonicera caerulea Callitriche palustris Lupinus pusillus Lycopus americanus Callitriche verna Salix sitchensis

ABMI SPECIES PYRAMID GUILD DEFINITIONS AND SPECIES LISTS 29 THE ALBERTA BIODIVERSITY MONITORING INSTITUTE WWW.ABMI.CA

Appendix 4a – Vascular Plant Guild Memebership (Level 4) con’t

WetGeneralist Epilobium glaberrimum Platanthera dilatata Salix discolor Epilobium hornemannii Platanthera hyperborea Achillea sibirica Equisetum pratense Platanthera obtusata Aconitum delphiniifolium Equisetum sylvaticum Poa palustris Agastache foeniculum Erigeron acris Polemonium acutiflorum Alnus incana Erigeron elatus Polygonum bistortoides Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia Erigeron glabellus Polygonum erectum Anemone canadensis Erigeron philadelphicus Polygonum lapathifolium Arctostaphylos rubra Erigeron speciosus Polygonum viviparum Artemisia biennis Eriophorum scheuchzeri Populus deltoides Asclepias ovalifolia Erysimum cheiranthoides Potentilla diversifolia Astragalus dasyglottis* Fragaria vesca Potentilla fruticosa Botrychium lunaria Fragaria virginiana Potentilla norvegica Botrychium virginianum Galium boreale Potentilla paradoxa Calamagrostis canadensis Galium labradoricum Primula incana Cardamine pensylvanica Gaultheria hispidula Prunella vulgaris Carex aenea Gentianella amarella Ranunculus cymbalaria Carex arcta Geum aleppicum Ranunculus abortivus Carex athrostachya Geum macrophyllum Ranunculus cardiophyllus Carex brevior Glycyrrhiza lepidota Ranunculus inamoenus Carex capillaris Gnaphalium palustre Ranunculus lapponicus Carex crawei Hedysarum alpinum Ranunculus reptans Carex disperma Helianthus nuttallii Rhinanthus borealis Carex garberi Heracleum maximum Ribes lacustre Carex gynocrates Impatiens capensis Rubus arcticus Carex heleonastes Juncus alpinoarticulatus Rumex maritimus Carex leptalea Juncus bufonius Rumex triangulivalvis* Carex microptera Juncus dudleyi Salix arbusculoides Carex norvegica Juncus longistylis Salix barclayi Carex praegracilis Juncus nodosus Salix bebbiana Carex raymondii Lactuca tatarica Salix farriae Carex sartwellii Ledum groenlandicum Salix lutea Carex saxatilis Liatris ligulistylis Salix petiolaris Carex scirpoidea Lilium philadelphicum Salix prolixa Carex sprengelii Listera cordata Salix pyrifolia Carex tenera Lobelia kalmii Scirpus hudsonianus Carex trisperma Lonicera involucrata Scirpus pungens* Carex vaginata Lonicera oblongifolia Senecio eremophilus Catabrosa aquatica Luzula multiflora Senecio pauciflorus Chenopodium pratericola Lycopodium annotinum Sisyrinchium montanum Chenopodium simplex Lysimachia ciliata Solidago canadensis Coeloglossum viride Maianthemum stellatum Solidago gigantea Corallorrhiza trifida Maianthemum trifolium Spartina gracilis Cornus stolonifera Mertensia paniculata Sphenopholis intermedia Corydalis aurea Monarda fistulosa Spiraea alba Crepis runcinata Pedicularis bracteosa Spiranthes romanzoffiana Cystopteris fragilis Pedicularis labradorica Stellaria borealis Delphinium glaucum Penstemon confertus Stellaria calycantha Deschampsia caespitosa Penstemon procerus Stellaria crassifolia Dodecatheon pulchellum Petasites frigidus var. palmatus Thalictrum dasycarpum Eleocharis acicularis Petasites X vitifolius Thalictrum occidentale Eleocharis erythropoda Physostegia parviflora Thalictrum venulosum Elymus piperi* Picea mariana Tofieldia glutinosa*

ABMI SPECIES PYRAMID GUILD DEFINITIONS AND SPECIES LISTS 30 THE ALBERTA BIODIVERSITY MONITORING INSTITUTE WWW.ABMI.CA

Appendix 4a – Vascular Plant Guild Memebership (Level 4) con’t

Wet Generalist -cont’d Castilleja hispida Oxytropis monticola Tofieldia pusilla Castilleja miniata Oxytropis splendens Urtica dioica Cerastium arvense Panicum capillare Vaccinium uliginosum Chenopodium capitatum Pastinaca sativa Veronica serpyllifolia? Chenopodium leptophyllum Piptatherum pungens Vicia americana Chenopodium salinum Poa nemoralis ssp. interior Viola nephrophylla Cirsium drummondii Potentilla arguta Xanthium strumarium Collomia linearis Potentilla bimundorum Comarum palustre Potentilla gracilis Dry Generalists Corylus cornuta Rosa acicularis Achillea millefolium Cypripedium acaule Rosa woodsii Agoseris aurantiaca Danthonia californica Rubus idaeus Agoseris glauca Dracocephalum parviflorum Schedonnardus paniculatus Agrimonia striata Dryas drummondii Selaginella densa Agrostis scabra Elaeagnus commutata Senecio canus Allium cernuum Elymus canadensis Silene menziesii Alnus viridis Elymus trachycaulus Solanum triflorum Alnus viridis ssp. crispa Elymus trachycaulus ssp. Solidago multiradiata Amaranthus albus subsecundus Solidago nemoralis Amelanchier alnifolia Elymus trachycaulus ssp. Solidago simplex ssp. simplex Androsace septentrionalis trachycaulus Stipa comata* Anemone cylindrica Epilobium angustifolium Symphoricarpos occidentalis Anemone multifida Equisetum arvense Verbena bracteata Antennaria anaphaloides Equisetum hyemale Viola adunca Antennaria microphylla Equisetum laevigatum Zigadenus elegans Antennaria neglecta Eriogonum flavum Zizia aptera Antennaria rosea Erysimum inconspicuum Apocynum androsaemifolium Festuca rubra Non-native species Aquilegia brevistyla Festuca saximontana Agropyron cristatum Arabis hirsuta Gaillardia aristata Agrostis stolonifera Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Geranium richardsonii Alopecurus pratensis Artemisia campestris Grindelia squarrosa Amaranthus retroflexus Aster ascendens* Hedysarum boreale Anethum graveolens Aster ciliolatus Hedysarum sulphurescens Arctium minus Aster conspicuus Helianthus annuus Avena fatua Aster ericoides Heterotheca villosa Axyris amaranthoides Astragalus alpinus Heuchera richardsonii Betula pendula Astragalus australis Hieracium umbellatum Brassica kaber Astragalus bodinii Hierochloe hirta ssp. arctica Brassica napus Astragalus eucosmus Hordeum jubatum Brassica rapa Astragalus laxmannii Hymenoxys richardsonii Bromus inermis Astragalus miser Juniperus horizontalis Bromus japonicus Bahia oppositifolia Koeleria macrantha Bromus tectorum Bromus carinatus Lathyrus ochroleucus Camelina microcarpa Bromus ciliatus Lepidium densiflorum Capsella bursa-pastoris Bromus inermis ssp. Linum lewisii Caragana arborescens pumpellianus Lithospermum incisum Carum carvi Calamagrostis purpurascens Lupinus sericeus Cerastium vulgatum Campanula rotundifolia Machaeranthera canescens Chenopodium album Carex adusta Monolepis nuttalliana Chrysanthemum leucanthemum Carex douglasii Oligoneuron rigidum Cirsium arvense Carex praticola Onosmodium molle Cirsium vulgare Carex rossii Oxytropis deflexa Crepis tectorum

ABMI SPECIES PYRAMID GUILD DEFINITIONS AND SPECIES LISTS 31 THE ALBERTA BIODIVERSITY MONITORING INSTITUTE WWW.ABMI.CA

Appendix 4a – Vascular Plant Guild Memebership (Level 4) con’t

Non-native species Sisymbrium altissimum Cynoglossum officinale Solanum tuberosum Dactylis glomerata Sonchus arvensis Descurainia sophia Sonchus asper Elymus repens* Sorbus aucuparia Euphorbia esula Spergula arvensis Festuca ovina Stellaria media Festuca rubra Syringa reticulata Galeopsis tetrahit Syringa vulgaris Galium aparine Taraxacum officinale Gnaphalium uliginosum Thlaspi arvense Gypsophila paniculata Tragopogon dubius Hordeum vulgare Tragopogon pratensis Juncus compressus Trifolium hybridum Kochia scoparia Trifolium pratense Lactuca serriola Trifolium repens Lappula squarrosa Triticum aestivum Linaria vulgaris Ulmus pumila Lolium perenne Vaccaria pyramidata Lolium pratense Vicia cracca Malva rotundifolia Zea mays Matricaria matricarioides Matricaria perforata Medicago lupulina Medicago sativa Melilotus alba* Mentha spicata Myriophyllum spicatum Neslia paniculata Onobrychis viciifolia Phalaris canariensis Phleum pratense Plantago major Poa annua Poa compressa Polygonum arenastrum Polygonum aviculare Polygonum convolvulus Polygonum salicifolium Potentilla argentea Potentilla recta Psathyrostachys juncea Ranunculus acris Ranunculus repens Rumex acetosella Rumex crispus Rumex pseudonatronatus Rumex stenophyllus Salsola kali Senecio vulgaris Silene noctiflora Silene pratensis Silene vulgaris

ABMI SPECIES PYRAMID GUILD DEFINITIONS AND SPECIES LISTS 32 THE ALBERTA BIODIVERSITY MONITORING INSTITUTE WWW.ABMI.CA

Appendix 4b — Vascular Plant Guild Membership (Level 3)

Old Forest Prunus virginiana Capsella bursa-pastoris Abies balsamea Salix scouleriana Caragana arborescens Abies bifolia Solidago canadensis Carex bebbii Amerorchis rotundifolia Sorbus scopulina Carum carvi Aralia nudicaulis Taraxacum officinale Cerastium vulgatum Trientalis europaea Urtica dioica Chenopodium album Viola adunca Chenopodium capitatum Burn Specialists Viola nephrophylla Chenopodium leptophyllum Alnus viridis Chenopodium salinum Alnus viridis ssp. crispa Interior Chenopodium simplex Amelanchier alnifolia Angelica dawsonii Chrysanthemum leucanthemum Calamagrostis purpurascens Osmorhiza longistylis Cinna latifolia Chenopodium capitatum Abies balsamea Cirsium arvense Cirsium arvense Cirsium flodmanii Corydalis aurea High Responsibility Cirsium vulgare Corylus cornuta Astragalus purshii Collomia linearis Epilobium angustifolium Carex backii Corydalis aurea Geranium bicknellii Epilobium glaberrimum Corylus cornuta Heracleum maximum Festuca campestris Crepis tectorum Picea mariana Sarracenia purpurea Cynoglossum officinale Pinus banksiana Stellaria crispa Dactylis glomerata Pinus contorta Vaccinium uliginosum Descurainia sophia Populus tremuloides Dracocephalum parviflorum Prunus pensylvanica Human-modified Elymus repens Rubus idaeus Agropyron cristatum Elymus trachycaulus Salix arbusculoides Agrostis scabra Elymus trachycaulus ssp. Salix scouleriana Agrostis stolonifera subsecundus Trifolium hybridum Alopecurus pratensis Elymus trachycaulus ssp. Amaranthus albus trachycaulus Early Seral Amaranthus retroflexus Epilobium angustifolium Alnus incana Androsace septentrionalis Epilobium palustre Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia Anethum graveolens Equisetum arvense Alnus viridis Apocynum androsaemifolium Equisetum hyemale Alnus viridis ssp. crispa Arctium minus Erigeron acris Amelanchier alnifolia Artemisia biennis Erigeron philadelphicus Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Artemisia campestris Erysimum cheiranthoides Aster laevis Artemisia frigida Euphorbia esula Bromus inermis Artemisia ludoviciana Fragaria virginiana Calamagrostis purpurascens Aster ascendens* Galeopsis tetrahit Castilleja hispida Avena fatua Galium aparine Castilleja miniata Axyris amaranthoides Galium boreale Corydalis aurea Bahia oppositifolia Gentianella amarella Corylus cornuta Bidens cernua Geranium bicknellii Dryas drummondii Botrychium lunaria Glyceria grandis Epilobium angustifolium Brassica kaber Glycyrrhiza lepidota Equisetum laevigatum Brassica napus Gnaphalium palustre Fragaria virginiana Brassica rapa Gnaphalium uliginosum Galium labradoricum Bromus inermis Grindelia squarrosa Geranium bicknellii Bromus inermis ssp. Gutierrezia sarothrae Pedicularis labradorica pumpellianus Gypsophila paniculata Plantago major Bromus japonicus Hedysarum alpinum Populus grandidentata Bromus tectorum Helianthus annuus Prunus pensylvanica Camelina microcarpa Helianthus subrhomboideus*

ABMI SPECIES PYRAMID GUILD DEFINITIONS AND SPECIES LISTS 33 THE ALBERTA BIODIVERSITY MONITORING INSTITUTE WWW.ABMI.CA

Appendix 4b — Vascular Plant Guild Membership (Level 3) con’t

Human-modified (con’t) Potentilla recta Trifolium hybridum Hieracium umbellatum Prunella vulgaris Trifolium pratense Hierochloe hirta ssp. arctica Prunus pensylvanica Trifolium repens Hippuris vulgaris Prunus virginiana Trisetum spicatum Hordeum jubatum Psathyrostachys juncea Triticum aestivum Hordeum vulgare Ranunculus acris Typha latifolia Juncus bufonius Ranunculus gmelinii Ulmus pumila Juncus compressus Ranunculus pensylvanicus Urtica dioica Kochia scoparia Ranunculus repens Vaccaria pyramidata* Lactuca serriola Ranunculus sceleratus Verbena bracteata Lactuca tatarica Rhinanthus borealis Veronica americana Lappula squarrosa Rosa acicularis Vicia americana Lepidium densiflorum Rosa woodsii Vicia cracca Lilium philadelphicum Rubus idaeus Xanthium strumarium Linaria vulgaris Rubus pubescens Zea mays Lolium perenne Rumex acetosella Lolium pratense Rumex britannica Weedy (Native to North Lysimachia ciliata Rumex crispus America) Malva rotundifolia Rumex maritimus Agrostis scabra Matricaria matricarioides Rumex pseudonatronatus Amaranthus albus Matricaria perforata Rumex stenophyllus Amaranthus retroflexus Matteuccia struthiopteris Salix bebbiana Apocynum androsaemifolium Medicago lupulina Salsola kali Artemisia biennis Medicago sativa Schedonnardus paniculatus Artemisia campestris Melilotus alba* Scutellaria galericulata Artemisia frigida Mentha spicata Senecio congestus Artemisia ludoviciana Menyanthes trifoliata Senecio eremophilus Bahia oppositifolia Monarda fistulosa Senecio vulgaris Bidens cernua Monolepis nuttalliana Silene noctiflora Bromus carinatus Onobrychis viciifolia Silene pratensis* Bromus inermis ssp. Orobanche fasciculata Silene vulgaris pumpellianus Orthocarpus luteus Sisymbrium altissimum Calamagrostis canadensis Panicum capillare Solanum triflorum Ceratophyllum demersum Pastinaca sativa Solanum tuberosum Cinna latifolia Phalaris canariensis Solidago canadensis Corydalis aurea Phleum pratense Solidago mollis Corylus cornuta Plantago major Sonchus arvensis Epilobium angustifolium Plantago patagonica Sonchus asper Equisetum hyemale Poa annua Sorbus aucuparia Erysimum cheiranthoides Poa compressa Spergula arvensis Geranium bicknellii Poa palustris Spiraea alba Gnaphalium palustre Poa pratensis Stellaria borealis Grindelia squarrosa Polygonum amphibium Stellaria calycantha Gutierrezia sarothrae Polygonum arenastrum Stellaria media Helianthus annuus Polygonum aviculare Suaeda calceoliformis Hieracium umbellatum Polygonum convolvulus Symphoricarpos occidentalis Hippuris vulgaris Polygonum erectum Syringa reticulata Hordeum jubatum Polygonum lapathifolium Syringa vulgaris Hordeum vulgare Polygonum salicifolium Taraxacum officinale Juncus bufonius Potentilla argentea Thermopsis rhombifolia Lactuca tatarica Potentilla arguta Thlaspi arvense Lemna minor Potentilla fruticosa Tragopogon dubius Lepidium densiflorum Potentilla norvegica Tragopogon pratensis Lygodesmia juncea

ABMI SPECIES PYRAMID GUILD DEFINITIONS AND SPECIES LISTS 34 THE ALBERTA BIODIVERSITY MONITORING INSTITUTE WWW.ABMI.CA

Appendix 4b — Vascular Plant Guild Membership (Level 3) con’t

Human-modified (con’t) Angelica dawsonii Brassica napus Monarda fistulosa Angelica genuflexa Brassica rapa Monolepis nuttalliana Antennaria anaphaloides Calla palustris Oplopanax horridum Antennaria microphylla Callitriche hermaphroditica Orobanche fasciculata Antennaria neglecta Callitriche palustris* Panicum capillare Antennaria rosea Callitriche verna* Pastinaca sativa Apocynum androsaemifolium Caltha natans Physostegia parviflora Aquilegia brevistyla Caltha palustris Plantago patagonica Arabis hirsuta Calypso bulbosa Poa pratensis Arabis lyrata Camelina microcarpa Polygonum erectum Aralia nudicaulis Campanula rotundifolia Polygonum lapathifolium Arctium minus Capsella bursa-pastoris Potentilla fruticosa Arnica angustifolia Cardamine pensylvanica Potentilla norvegica Arnica chamissonis Carum carvi Rosa acicularis Arnica cordifolia Castilleja hispida Schedonnardus paniculatus Arnica lonchophylla Castilleja miniata Senecio eremophilus Artemisia biennis Castilleja occidentalis Solanum triflorum Artemisia campestris Castilleja raupii Solidago canadensis Artemisia frigida Cerastium arvense Suaeda calceoliformis Artemisia ludoviciana Cerastium nutans Thermopsis rhombifolia Artemisia norvegica Cerastium vulgatum Urtica dioica Asclepias ovalifolia Ceratophyllum demersum Verbena bracteata Aster ascendens Chamaerhodos erecta Xanthium strumarium Aster borealis Chenopodium album Aster brachyactis Chenopodium capitatum Form - Forb Aster ciliolatus Chenopodium leptophyllum Achillea millefolium Aster conspicuus Chenopodium pratericola Achillea sibirica Aster ericoides Chenopodium rubrum Aconitum delphiniifolium Aster hesperius Chenopodium salinum Acorus americanus Aster laevis Chenopodium simplex Actaea rubra Aster modestus Chrysanthemum leucanthemum Adoxa moschatellina Aster puniceus Chrysosplenium tetrandrum Agastache foeniculum Aster umbellatus Cicuta bulbifera Agoseris aurantiaca Astragalus alpinus Cicuta maculata Agoseris glauca Astragalus americanus Circaea alpina Agrimonia striata Astragalus australis Cirsium arvense Alisma gramineum Astragalus bodinii Cirsium drummondii Alisma triviale Astragalus canadensis Cirsium flodmanii Allium cernuum Astragalus dasyglottis* Cirsium hookerianum Allium textile Astragalus drummondii Cirsium undulatum Amaranthus albus Astragalus eucosmus Cirsium vulgare Amaranthus retroflexus Astragalus flexuosus Clematis occidentalis Amerorchis rotundifolia Astragalus laxmannii Coeloglossum viride Andromeda polifolia Astragalus miser Collomia linearis Androsace occidentalis Astragalus pectinatus Comandra umbellata Androsace septentrionalis Astragalus purshii Comarum palustre Anemone canadensis Astragalus vexilliflexus Coptis trifolia Anemone cylindrica Axyris amaranthoides Corallorrhiza maculata Anemone multifida Bahia oppositifolia Corallorrhiza striata Anemone patens Barbarea orthocera Corallorrhiza trifida Anemone riparia Bidens cernua Cornus canadensis Anethum graveolens Brassica kaber Corydalis aurea

ABMI SPECIES PYRAMID GUILD DEFINITIONS AND SPECIES LISTS 35 THE ALBERTA BIODIVERSITY MONITORING INSTITUTE WWW.ABMI.CA

Appendix 4b — Vascular Plant Guild Membership (Level 3) con’t

Form - Forb (con’t) Geum aleppicum Lycopodium annotinum Corylus cornuta Geum macrophyllum Lycopodium clavatum Crepis runcinata Geum rivale Lycopodium obscurum Crepis tectorum Geum triflorum Lycopus americanus Cynoglossum officinale Glycyrrhiza lepidota Lycopus asper Cypripedium acaule Gnaphalium palustre Lycopus uniflorus Cypripedium passerinum Gnaphalium uliginosum Lygodesmia juncea Dalea purpurea Goodyera repens Lysimachia ciliata Delphinium glaucum Grindelia squarrosa Lysimachia thyrsiflora Descurainia sophia Gypsophila paniculata Machaeranthera canescens Diphasiastrum complanatum Hackelia jessicae Maianthemum canadense Diphasiastrum sitchense Halenia deflexa Maianthemum racemosum ssp. Disporum trachycarpum Hedeoma hispida amplexicaule Dodecatheon conjugens Hedysarum alpinum Maianthemum stellatum Dodecatheon pulchellum Hedysarum boreale Maianthemum trifolium Dracocephalum parviflorum Hedysarum sulphurescens Malva rotundifolia Drosera anglica Helianthus annuus Matricaria matricarioides Drosera rotundifolia Helianthus nuttallii Matricaria perforata Elodea canadensis Helianthus subrhomboideus Medicago lupulina Epilobium angustifolium Heracleum maximum Medicago sativa Epilobium ciliatum Heterotheca villosa Melampyrum lineare Epilobium glaberrimum Heuchera richardsonii Melilotus alba Epilobium hornemannii Hieracium umbellatum Mentha arvensis Epilobium leptocarpum Hierochloe hirta ssp. arctica Mentha spicata Epilobium leptophyllum Hippuris vulgaris Menyanthes trifoliata Epilobium palustre Hymenoxys richardsonii Mertensia paniculata Erigeron acris Impatiens capensis Mitella nuda Erigeron caespitosus Iva axillaris Moehringia lateriflora Erigeron elatus Kochia scoparia Monarda fistulosa Erigeron glabellus Lactuca serriola Moneses uniflora Erigeron philadelphicus Lactuca tatarica Monolepis nuttalliana Erigeron pumilus Lappula squarrosa Monotropa uniflora Erigeron speciosus Lathyrus ochroleucus Myriophyllum alterniflorum Eriogonum flavum Lathyrus palustris Myriophyllum sibiricum Erysimum cheiranthoides Lathyrus venosus Myriophyllum spicatum Erysimum inconspicuum Lemna minor Myriophyllum verticillatum Euphorbia esula Lemna trisulca Neslia paniculata Eurotia lanata Lemna turionifera Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm. ssp. Fragaria vesca Lepidium densiflorum variegata Fragaria virginiana Liatris ligulistylis Nymphaea tetragona Gaillardia aristata Liatris punctata Oligoneuron rigidum Galeopsis tetrahit Lilium philadelphicum Onobrychis viciifolia Galium aparine Linaria vulgaris Onosmodium molle Galium boreale Linnaea borealis Orobanche fasciculata Galium labradoricum Linum lewisii Orthilia secunda Galium trifidum Linum rigidum Orthocarpus luteus Galium triflorum Listera borealis Osmorhiza depauperata Gaura coccinea Listera cordata Osmorhiza longistylis Gentianella amarella Lithospermum incisum Oxytropis deflexa Geocaulon lividum Lithospermum ruderale Oxytropis monticola Geranium bicknellii Lobelia kalmii Oxytropis sericea Geranium richardsonii Lupinus pusillus Oxytropis splendens Geranium viscosissimum Lupinus sericeus Parnassia palustris

ABMI SPECIES PYRAMID GUILD DEFINITIONS AND SPECIES LISTS 36 THE ALBERTA BIODIVERSITY MONITORING INSTITUTE WWW.ABMI.CA

Appendix 4b — Vascular Plant Guild Membership (Level 3) con’t

Form - Forb (con’t) Potentilla bipinnatifida Senecio canus Pastinaca sativa Potentilla diversifolia Senecio congestus Pedicularis bracteosa Potentilla gracilis Senecio eremophilus Pedicularis groenlandica Potentilla hippiana Senecio integerrimus Pedicularis labradorica Potentilla norvegica Senecio pauciflorus Pedicularis parviflora Potentilla paradoxa Senecio pauperculus Penstemon albertinus Potentilla pensylvanica Senecio triangularis Penstemon albidus Potentilla recta Senecio vulgaris Penstemon confertus Potentilla tridentata Silene menziesii Penstemon gracilis Primula incana Silene noctiflora Penstemon procerus Prunella vulgaris Silene pratensis* Petasites frigidus Psoralea argophylla Silene vulgaris Petasites frigidus var. palmatus Pyrola asarifolia Sisymbrium altissimum Petasites sagittatus Pyrola chlorantha Sisyrinchium montanum Petasites X vitifolius Pyrola elliptica Sium suave Phlox hoodii Pyrola minor Solanum triflorum Physostegia parviflora Ranunculus cymbalaria Solanum tuberosum Plantago major Ranunculus abortivus Solidago canadensis Plantago patagonica Ranunculus acris Solidago gigantea Platanthera dilatata Ranunculus aquatilis Solidago graminifolia Platanthera dilatata Ranunculus cardiophyllus Solidago missouriensis Platanthera hyperborea Ranunculus gmelinii Solidago mollis Platanthera obtusata Ranunculus inamoenus Solidago multiradiata Platanthera orbiculata Ranunculus lapponicus Solidago nemoralis Polemonium acutiflorum Ranunculus macounii Solidago simplex ssp. simplex Polygonum amphibium Ranunculus pensylvanicus Sonchus arvensis Polygonum arenastrum Ranunculus repens Sonchus asper Polygonum aviculare Ranunculus reptans* Spergula arvensis Polygonum bistortoides Ranunculus sceleratus Sphaeralcea coccinea Polygonum coccineum Ranunculus uncinatus Spiranthes romanzoffiana Polygonum convolvulus Ratibida columnifera Spirodela polyrhiza Polygonum erectum Rhinanthus borealis Stachys palustris Polygonum lapathifolium Rorippa palustris Stellaria borealis Polygonum salicifolium Rubus arcticus Stellaria calycantha Polygonum viviparum Rubus chamaemorus Stellaria crassifolia Potamogeton alpinus Rubus pedatus Stellaria crispa Potamogeton filiformis Rubus pubescens Stellaria longifolia Potamogeton friesii Rumex acetosella Stellaria longipes Potamogeton gramineus Rumex britannica Stellaria media Potamogeton natans Rumex crispus Stenanthium occidentale Potamogeton nodosus Rumex maritimus Streptopus amplexifolius Potamogeton obtusifolius Rumex occidentalis Suaeda calceoliformis Potamogeton pectinatus Rumex pseudonatronatus Taraxacum officinale Potamogeton praelongus Rumex stenophyllus Thalictrum dasycarpum Potamogeton pusillus* Rumex triangulivalvis* Thalictrum occidentale Potamogeton richardsonii Ruppia cirrhosa* Thalictrum sparsiflorum Potamogeton robbinsii Sagittaria cuneata Thalictrum venulosum Potamogeton vaginatus* Salsola kali Thermopsis rhombifolia Potamogeton zosteriformis Sanicula marilandica Thlaspi arvense Potentilla anserina* Sarracenia purpurea Tiarella trifoliata Potentilla argentea Scheuchzeria palustris Tofieldia glutinosa Potentilla arguta Scutellaria galericulata Tofieldia pusilla Potentilla bimundorum Selaginella densa Tragopogon dubius

ABMI SPECIES PYRAMID GUILD DEFINITIONS AND SPECIES LISTS 37 THE ALBERTA BIODIVERSITY MONITORING INSTITUTE WWW.ABMI.CA

Appendix 4b — Vascular Plant Guild Membership (Level 3) con’t

Form - Forb (con’t) Bromus carinatus Carex praticola Tragopogon pratensis Bromus ciliatus Carex pseudocyperus Trientalis borealis Bromus inermis Carex raymondii Trientalis europaea Bromus inermis ssp. Carex richardsonii Trifolium hybridum pumpellianus Carex rossii Trifolium pratense Bromus japonicus Carex rostrata Trifolium repens Bromus tectorum Carex sartwellii Triglochin maritima Calamagrostis canadensis Carex saxatilis Triglochin palustre Calamagrostis purpurascens Carex scirpoidea Urtica dioica Calamagrostis stricta Carex siccata Utricularia intermedia Calamovilfa longifolia Carex sprengelii Utricularia minor Carex adusta Carex stenophylla Utricularia vulgaris Carex aenea Carex tenera Vaccaria pyramidata Carex aquatilis Carex tenuiflora Valeriana dioica Carex arcta Carex tonsa Verbena bracteata Carex atherodes Carex trisperma Veronica alpina Carex athrostachya Carex utriculata Veronica americana Carex aurea Carex vaginata Veronica peregrine Carex backii Carex viridula Veronica scutellata Carex bebbii Carex xerantica Veronica serpyllifolia Carex brevior Catabrosa aquatica Vicia americana Carex brunnescens Cinna latifolia Vicia cracca Carex canescens Dactylis glomerata Viola adunca Carex capillaris Danthonia californica Viola canadensis Carex chordorrhiza Deschampsia caespitosa Viola nephrophylla Carex concinna Distichlis stricta Viola nuttallii Carex crawei Eleocharis acicularis Viola palustris Carex crawfordii Eleocharis erythropoda Viola renifolia Carex deweyana Eleocharis palustris Xanthium strumarium Carex diandra Eleocharis quinqueflora Zigadenus elegans Carex disperma Elymus elymoides Zigadenus venenosus Carex douglasii Elymus piperi Zizia aptera Carex filifolia Elymus repens Carex garberi Elymus trachycaulus Form - Fern Carex gynocrates Elymus trachycaulus ssp. Athyrium filix-femina Carex heleonastes subsecundus Botrychium lunaria Carex interior Elymus trachycaulus ssp. Botrychium virginianum Carex lacustris trachycaulus Cystopteris fragilis Carex lasiocarpa Eriophorum brachyantherum Dryopteris carthusiana Carex leptalea Eriophorum chamissonis Dryopteris expansa+ Carex limosa Eriophorum gracile Gymnocarpium dryopteris Carex livida Eriophorum polystachion Matteuccia struthiopteris Carex loliacea Eriophorum scheuchzeri Carex magellanica ssp. irrigua Eriophorum vaginatum Form - Graminoid Carex microglochin Eriophorum viridicarinatum Agropyron cristatum Carex microptera Festuca altaica Agrostis scabra Carex norvegica Festuca campestris Agrostis stolonifera Carex pauciflora Festuca idahoensis Alopecurus aequalis Carex peckii Festuca ovina Alopecurus pratensis Carex pellita Festuca rubra Avena fatua Carex pensylvanica Festuca saximontana Beckmannia syzigachne Carex praegracilis Glyceria borealis Bouteloua gracilis Carex prairea Glyceria grandis

ABMI SPECIES PYRAMID GUILD DEFINITIONS AND SPECIES LISTS 38 THE ALBERTA BIODIVERSITY MONITORING INSTITUTE WWW.ABMI.CA

Appendix 4b — Vascular Plant Guild Membership (Level 3) con’t

Form - Graminoid (con’t) Sparganium minimum Lonicera caerulea Glyceria striata Spartina gracilis Lonicera dioica Hordeum jubatum Sphenopholis intermedia Lonicera involucrata Hordeum vulgare Stipa columbiana Lonicera oblongifolia Juncus albescens Stipa comata Menziesia ferruginea Juncus alpinoarticulatus Stipa curtiseta Myrica gale Juncus balticus Stipa viridula Oplopanax horridum Juncus bufonius Trisetum spicatum Opuntia fragilis Juncus compressus Triticum aestivum Opuntia polyacantha Juncus dudleyi Typha latifolia Paronychia sessiliflora Juncus longistylis Zea mays Potentilla concinna Juncus nodosus Potentilla fruticosa Juncus tenuis Form - Horsetail Prunus pensylvanica Juncus vaseyi Equisetum arvense Prunus virginiana Kobresia simpliciuscula Equisetum fluviatile Rhamnus alnifolia Koeleria macrantha Equisetum hyemale Ribes americanum Leymus innovatus Equisetum laevigatum Ribes glandulosum Lolium perenne Equisetum palustre Ribes hirtellum Lolium pratense Equisetum pratense Ribes hudsonianum Luzula multiflora Equisetum scirpoides Ribes lacustre Luzula parviflora Equisetum sylvaticum Ribes oxyacanthoides Muhlenbergia richardsonis Equisetum variegatum Ribes triste Oryzopsis asperifolia Rosa acicularis Panicum capillare Form - Shrub Rosa arkansana Pascopyrum smithii Alnus incana Rosa woodsii Phalaris arundinacea Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia Rubus idaeus Phalaris canariensis Alnus viridis Rubus parviflorus Phleum pratense Alnus viridis ssp. crispa Salix arbusculoides Phragmites australis Amelanchier alnifolia Salix athabascensis Piptatherum pungens Arceuthobium americanum Salix barclayi Poa alpina Arctostaphylos rubra Salix bebbiana Poa annua Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Salix candida Poa arida Artemisia cana Salix discolor Poa compressa Atriplex nuttallii Salix drummondiana Poa nemoralis ssp. interior Betula glandulosa Salix exigua Poa palustris Betula occidentalis Salix farriae Poa pratensis Betula pumila Salix glauca Poa sandbergii Caragana arborescens Salix glauca var. villosa Psathyrostachys juncea Cassiope tetragona Salix lucida Puccinellia nuttalliana Chamaedaphne calyculata Salix lutea Schedonnardus paniculatus Cornus stolonifera Salix maccalliana Schizachne purpurascens Corydalis sempervirens Salix myrtillifolia Schoenoplectus acutus Coryphantha vivipara Salix pedicellaris Schoenoplectus Diervilla lonicera Salix petiolaris tabernaemontani Elaeagnus commutata Salix planifolia Scirpus cyperinus Empetrum nigrum Salix prolixa Scirpus hudsonianus Gaultheria hispidula Salix pseudomonticola Scirpus microcarpus Gutierrezia sarothrae Salix pseudomyrsinites Scirpus pungens Juniperus horizontalis Salix pyrifolia Scolochloa festucacea Kalmia microphylla Salix reticulata Sparganium angustifolium Kalmia polifolia Salix scouleriana Sparganium eurycarpum Ledum groenlandicum Salix serissima Sparganium fluctuans Ledum palustre Salix sitchensis

ABMI SPECIES PYRAMID GUILD DEFINITIONS AND SPECIES LISTS 39 THE ALBERTA BIODIVERSITY MONITORING INSTITUTE WWW.ABMI.CA

Appendix 4b — Vascular Plant Guild Membership (Level 3) con’t

Form - Shrub (con’t) Alnus viridis ssp. crispa Carex prairea Shepherdia canadensis Alopecurus aequalis Carex raymondii Sorbus scopulina Amelanchier alnifolia Carex saxatilis Spiraea alba Amerorchis rotundifolia Carex sprengelii Spiraea betulifolia Anemone canadensis Carex tenera Symphoricarpos albus Angelica genuflexa Carex utriculata Symphoricarpos occidentalis Arabis hirsuta Carex viridula Syringa vulgaris Artemisia campestris Castilleja raupii Vaccinium caespitosum Aster brachyactis* Catabrosa aquatica Vaccinium membranaceum Aster hesperius Chenopodium capitatum Vaccinium myrtilloides Aster modestus Cicuta maculata Vaccinium ovalifolium Aster puniceus Cinna latifolia Vaccinium oxycoccos Astragalus alpinus Comandra umbellata Vaccinium uliginosum Astragalus americanus Cornus stolonifera Vaccinium vitis-idaea Astragalus australis Corydalis aurea Viburnum edule Astragalus bodinii Corylus cornuta Viburnum opulus Astragalus canadensis Cystopteris fragilis Astragalus eucosmus Delphinium glaucum Form - Tree Athyrium filix-femina Deschampsia caespitosa Abies balsamea Atriplex nuttallii Disporum trachycarpum Abies bifolia* Barbarea orthocera Dryas drummondii Acer negundo Beckmannia syzigachne Dryopteris carthusiana Betula neoalaskana Betula neoalaskana Elaeagnus commutata Betula papyrifera Betula occidentalis Eleocharis acicularis Betula pendula* Betula papyrifera Elymus canadensis Fraxinus pennsylvanica Betula pumila Elymus piperi* Larix laricina Bidens cernua Epilobium ciliatum Larix occidentalis Botrychium virginianum Epilobium glaberrimum Picea engelmannii Bromus ciliatus Epilobium hornemannii Picea glauca Calamagrostis canadensis Epilobium leptophyllum Picea mariana Calamagrostis stricta Epilobium palustre Picea pungens Callitriche hermaphroditica Equisetum arvense Pinus banksiana Campanula rotundifolia Equisetum fluviatile Pinus contorta Cardamine pensylvanica Equisetum hyemale Populus balsamifera Carex aquatilis Equisetum palustre Populus deltoides Carex arcta Equisetum pratense Populus grandidentata Carex atherodes Equisetum sylvaticum Populus tremuloides Carex aurea Equisetum variegatum Sambucus racemosa Carex bebbii Erigeron acris Sorbus aucuparia Carex canescens Erigeron philadelphicus Syringa reticulata Carex capillaris Eriophorum polystachion Ulmus pumila Carex chordorrhiza Erysimum cheiranthoides Carex concinna Euphorbia esula Riparian Carex crawei Festuca rubra Acer negundo Carex diandra Fragaria vesca Achillea sibirica Carex disperma Fraxinus pennsylvanica Aconitum delphiniifolium Carex garberi Galium trifidum Acorus americanus Carex lasiocarpa Galium triflorum Actaea rubra Carex limosa Geocaulon lividum Agrostis scabra Carex loliacea Geranium bicknellii Alnus incana Carex norvegica Geum aleppicum Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia Carex peckii Geum rivale Alnus viridis Carex pellita Glyceria borealis

ABMI SPECIES PYRAMID GUILD DEFINITIONS AND SPECIES LISTS 40 THE ALBERTA BIODIVERSITY MONITORING INSTITUTE WWW.ABMI.CA

Appendix 4b — Vascular Plant Guild Membership (Level 3) con’t

Riparian (con’t) Polygonum amphibium Salix petiolaris Glyceria grandis Polygonum bistortoides Salix planifolia Glyceria striata Polygonum viviparum Salix prolixa Gnaphalium palustre Populus balsamifera Salix pseudomyrsinites Gymnocarpium dryopteris Populus deltoides Salix pyrifolia Heracleum maximum Potamogeton alpinus Salix scouleriana Hippuris vulgaris Potamogeton friesii Salix serissima Juncus alpinoarticulatus Potamogeton gramineus Salix sitchensis Juncus balticus Potamogeton natans Scheuchzeria palustris Juncus bufonius Potamogeton obtusifolius Schoenoplectus Juncus compressus Potamogeton pectinatus tabernaemontani Juncus dudleyi Potamogeton richardsonii Scirpus hudsonianus* Juncus longistylis Potamogeton zosteriformis Scirpus microcarpus Juncus nodosus Potentilla anserina Scolochloa festucacea Kalmia polifolia Potentilla bimundorum Scutellaria galericulata Leymus innovatus Potentilla norvegica Senecio pauciflorus* Lobelia kalmii Primula incana Shepherdia canadensis Lonicera caerulea Prunus pensylvanica Solidago gigantea Lonicera dioica Prunus virginiana Solidago graminifolia Lonicera involucrata Ranunculus cymbalaria Solidago simplex ssp. simplex Lonicera oblongifolia Ranunculus abortivus Sparganium angustifolium Luzula multiflora Ranunculus gmelinii Sparganium eurycarpum Luzula parviflora Ranunculus inamoenus Sparganium fluctuans Lycopus americanus Ranunculus pensylvanicus Sphenopholis intermedia Lycopus asper Ranunculus reptans* Spiraea alba Lycopus uniflorus Ranunculus sceleratus Stachys palustris Lysimachia ciliata Ranunculus uncinatus Stellaria borealis Lysimachia thyrsiflora Rhamnus alnifolia Stellaria calycantha Maianthemum racemosum ssp. Ribes americanum Stellaria longipes amplexicaule Ribes hudsonianum Stenanthium occidentale Maianthemum stellatum Ribes lacustre Streptopus amplexifolius Matteuccia struthiopteris Rorippa palustris Thalictrum occidentale Mentha arvensis Rosa acicularis Tiarella trifoliata Mertensia paniculata Rubus idaeus Typha latifolia Mitella nuda Rumex maritimus Urtica dioica Moehringia lateriflora Rumex pseudonatronatus Valeriana dioica Moneses uniflora Rumex stenophyllus Veronica americana Muhlenbergia richardsonis Rumex triangulivalvis* Veronica scutellata Myrica gale Salix arbusculoides Viburnum edule Myriophyllum sibiricum Salix athabascensis Viburnum opulus Myriophyllum verticillatum Salix barclayi Viola nephrophylla Onosmodium molle Salix bebbiana Viola palustris Oryzopsis asperifolia Salix candida Zizia aptera Osmorhiza longistylis Salix discolor Oxytropis deflexa Salix drummondiana Nitrogen fixers Oxytropis monticola Salix exigua Alnus incana Oxytropis splendens Salix farriae Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia Pedicularis groenlandica Salix glauca Alnus viridis Petasites frigidus Salix glauca var. villosa Alnus viridis ssp. crispa Physostegia parviflora Salix lucida Astragalus alpinus Picea mariana Salix lutea Astragalus australis Platanthera hyperborea Salix maccalliana Astragalus bodinii Poa palustris Salix myrtillifolia Astragalus dasyglottis

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Appendix 4b — Vascular Plant Guild Membership (Level 3) con’t

Nitrogen Fixers cont’d Cornus canadensis Shepherdia canadensis Astragalus drummondii Cornus stolonifera Solanum triflorum Astragalus eucosmus Corydalis sempervirens Solanum tuberosum Astragalus flexuosus Danthonia californica Sorbus aucuparia Astragalus laxmannii Elaeagnus commutata Sorbus scopulina Astragalus miser Empetrum nigrum Stipa columbiana Astragalus pectinatus Fragaria vesca Streptopus amplexifolius Astragalus purshii Fragaria virginiana Triticum aestivum Dalea purpurea Vaccinium caespitosum Dalea purpurea var. purpurea Edible fruit producers (con’t) Vaccinium membranaceum Hedysarum alpinum Fragaria virginiana Vaccinium myrtilloides Hedysarum boreale Gaultheria hispidula Vaccinium ovalifolium Hedysarum sulphurescens Geocaulon lividum Vaccinium oxycoccos Lathyrus ochroleucus Glyceria borealis Vaccinium uliginosum Lathyrus palustris Glyceria grandis Vaccinium vitis-idaea Lathyrus venosus Helianthus annuus Viburnum edule Lupinus pusillus Helianthus nuttallii Viburnum opulus Lupinus sericeus Helianthus subrhomboideus Medicago lupulina Hordeum jubatum Fruit type — achene Medicago sativa Hordeum vulgare Achillea millefolium Melilotus alba Juniperus horizontalis Achillea sibirica Myrica gale Lonicera caerulea Agoseris aurantiaca Oxytropis deflexa Lonicera involucrata Agoseris glauca Oxytropis monticola Maianthemum canadense Agrimonia striata Oxytropis sericea Maianthemum racemosum ssp. Alisma gramineum Oxytropis splendens amplexicaule Alisma triviale Psoralea argophylla Muhlenbergia richardsonis Anemone canadensis Trifolium hybridum Opuntia fragilis Anemone cylindrica Trifolium pratense Opuntia polyacantha Anemone multifida Trifolium repens Poa arida Anemone patens Vicia americana Poa palustris Anemone riparia Vicia cracca Poa pratensis Anethum graveolens Poa sandbergii* Antennaria anaphaloides Edible fruit producers Prunus pensylvanica Antennaria microphylla Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia Prunus virginiana Antennaria neglecta Alnus viridis Psathyrostachys juncea Antennaria rosea Alopecurus aequalis Ribes americanum Arctium minus Alopecurus pratensis Ribes glandulosum Arnica angustifolia Amelanchier alnifolia Ribes hirtellum Arnica chamissonis Aralia nudicaulis Ribes hudsonianum Arnica cordifolia Arctostaphylos rubra Ribes lacustre Arnica lonchophylla Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Ribes oxyacanthoides Artemisia biennis Beckmannia syzigachne Ribes triste Artemisia campestris Bromus carinatus Rosa acicularis Artemisia cana Bromus ciliatus Rosa arkansana Artemisia frigida Bromus inermis Rosa woodsii Artemisia ludoviciana Bromus tectorum Rubus arcticus Artemisia norvegica Calamagrostis canadensis Rubus chamaemorus Aster ascendens Calamagrostis purpurascens Rubus idaeus Aster borealis Calamagrostis stricta Rubus parviflorus Aster brachyactis Calamovilfa longifolia Rubus pedatus Aster ciliolatus Catabrosa aquatica Rubus pubescens Aster conspicuus Comarum palustre Sambucus racemosa Aster ericoides

ABMI SPECIES PYRAMID GUILD DEFINITIONS AND SPECIES LISTS 42 THE ALBERTA BIODIVERSITY MONITORING INSTITUTE WWW.ABMI.CA

Appendix 4b — Vascular Plant Guild Membership (Level 3) con’t

Fruit type — achen (cont’d) Carex richardsonii Eriophorum polystachion* Aster hesperius Carex rossii Eriophorum scheuchzeri Aster laevis Carex rostrata Eriophorum vaginatum Aster modestus Carex sartwellii Eriophorum viridicarinatum Aster puniceus Carex saxatilis Gaillardia aristata Aster umbellatus Carex scirpoidea Geum aleppicum Bahia oppositifolia Carex siccata Geum macrophyllum Bidens cernua Carex sprengelii Geum rivale Carex adusta Carex stenophylla* Geum triflorum Carex aenea Carex tenera Gnaphalium palustre Carex aquatilis Carex tenuiflora Gnaphalium uliginosum Carex arcta Carex tonsa Grindelia squarrosa Carex atherodes Carex trisperma Gutierrezia sarothrae Carex athrostachya Carex utriculata Helianthus annuus Carex aurea Carex vaginata Helianthus nuttallii Carex backii Carex viridula Helianthus subrhomboideus* Carex bebbii Carex xerantica Heterotheca villosa Carex brevior Ceratophyllum demersum Hieracium umbellatum Carex brunnescens Chamaerhodos erecta Hierochloe hirta ssp. arctica Carex canescens Chenopodium capitatum Hymenoxys richardsonii Carex capillaris Chenopodium leptophyllum Iva axillaris Carex chordorrhiza Chenopodium pratericola Kobresia simpliciuscula Carex concinna Chenopodium rubrum Lactuca serriola Carex crawei Chenopodium salinum Lactuca tatarica Carex crawfordii Chenopodium simplex Liatris ligulistylis Carex deweyana Chrysanthemum leucanthemum Liatris punctata Carex diandra Cirsium arvense Lygodesmia juncea Carex disperma Cirsium drummondii Machaeranthera canescens Carex douglasii Cirsium flodmanii Matricaria matricarioides Carex filifolia Cirsium hookerianum Matricaria perforata Carex garberi Cirsium undulatum Oligoneuron rigidum Carex gynocrates Cirsium vulgare Petasites frigidus Carex heleonastes Clematis occidentalis Petasites frigidus var. palmatus Carex interior Comandra umbellata Petasites sagittatus Carex lacustris Coptis trifolia Petasites X vitifolius Carex lasiocarpa Crepis runcinata Polygonum amphibium Carex leptalea Crepis tectorum Polygonum arenastrum Carex limosa Dryas drummondii Polygonum aviculare Carex livida Eleocharis acicularis Polygonum bistortoides Carex loliacea Eleocharis erythropoda Polygonum coccineum* Carex magellanica ssp. irrigua Eleocharis palustris Polygonum convolvulus Carex microglochin Eleocharis quinqueflora Polygonum erectum Carex microptera Erigeron acris Polygonum lapathifolium Carex norvegica Erigeron caespitosus Polygonum salicifolium Carex pauciflora Erigeron elatus Polygonum viviparum Carex peckii Erigeron glabellus Potamogeton alpinus Carex pellita Erigeron philadelphicus Potamogeton filiformis* Carex pensylvanica Erigeron pumilus Potamogeton friesii Carex praegracilis Erigeron speciosus Potamogeton gramineus Carex prairea Eriogonum flavum Potamogeton natans Carex praticola Eriophorum brachyantherum Potamogeton nodosus Carex pseudocyperus Eriophorum chamissonis Potamogeton obtusifolius Carex raymondii Eriophorum gracile Potamogeton pectinatus*

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Appendix 4b — Vascular Plant Guild Membership (Level 3) con’t

Fruit type — achene (con’t) Senecio canus* Lonicera oblongifolia Potamogeton praelongus Senecio congestus Maianthemum canadense Potamogeton pusillus* Senecio eremophilus Maianthemum racemosum ssp. Potamogeton richardsonii Senecio integerrimus amplexicaule Potamogeton robbinsii Senecio pauciflorus* Maianthemum stellatum Potamogeton vaginatus* Senecio pauperculus* Maianthemum trifolium Potamogeton zosteriformis Senecio triangularis Oplopanax horridum Potentilla anserina* Senecio vulgaris Opuntia fragilis Potentilla argentea Solidago canadensis Opuntia polyacantha Potentilla arguta Solidago gigantea Ribes americanum Potentilla bimundorum Solidago graminifolia Ribes glandulosum Potentilla bipinnatifida Solidago missouriensis Ribes hirtellum Potentilla concinna Solidago mollis Ribes hudsonianum Potentilla diversifolia Solidago multiradiata Ribes lacustre Potentilla fruticosa Solidago nemoralis Ribes oxyacanthoides Potentilla gracilis Solidago simplex ssp. simplex Ribes triste Potentilla hippiana Sonchus arvensis Sambucus racemosa Potentilla norvegica Sonchus asper Shepherdia canadensis Potentilla paradoxa Sparganium angustifolium Solanum triflorum Potentilla pensylvanica Sparganium eurycarpum Solanum tuberosum Potentilla recta Sparganium fluctuans Streptopus amplexifolius Potentilla tridentata Sparganium minimum* Vaccinium caespitosum Ranunculus cymbalaria Suaeda calceoliformis Vaccinium membranaceum Ranunculus abortivus Taraxacum officinale Vaccinium myrtilloides Ranunculus acris Thalictrum dasycarpum Vaccinium ovalifolium Ranunculus aquatilis Thalictrum occidentale Vaccinium oxycoccos Ranunculus cardiophyllus Thalictrum sparsiflorum Vaccinium uliginosum Ranunculus gmelinii Thalictrum venulosum Vaccinium vitis-idaea Ranunculus inamoenus Tragopogon dubius Ranunculus lapponicus Tragopogon pratensis Fruit type — capsule Ranunculus macounii Typha latifolia Allium cernuum Ranunculus pensylvanicus Ulmus pumila Allium textile Ranunculus repens Urtica dioica Amerorchis rotundifolia Ranunculus reptans* Valeriana dioica Andromeda polifolia Ranunculus sceleratus Xanthium strumarium Androsace occidentalis Ranunculus uncinatus Androsace septentrionalis Ratibida columnifera Fruit type — berry Calypso bulbosa Rumex acetosella Acorus americanus Camelina microcarpa Rumex britannica Actaea rubra Campanula rotundifolia Rumex crispus Amelanchier alnifolia Cassiope tetragona Rumex maritimus Arceuthobium americanum Castilleja hispida Rumex occidentalis Arctostaphylos rubra Castilleja miniata Rumex pseudonatronatus Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Castilleja occidentalis Rumex stenophyllus Calla palustris Castilleja raupii Rumex triangulivalvis* Coryphantha vivipara* Cerastium nutans Sagittaria cuneata Disporum trachycarpum Cerastium vulgatum Schoenoplectus acutus Elaeagnus commutata Chamaedaphne calyculata Schoenoplectus Fragaria vesca Chrysosplenium tetrandrum tabernaemontani Fragaria virginiana Circaea alpina Scirpus cyperinus Gaultheria hispidula Coeloglossum viride Scirpus hudsonianus* Lonicera caerulea Collomia linearis Scirpus microcarpus Lonicera dioica Corallorrhiza maculata Scirpus pungens* Lonicera involucrata

ABMI SPECIES PYRAMID GUILD DEFINITIONS AND SPECIES LISTS 44 THE ALBERTA BIODIVERSITY MONITORING INSTITUTE WWW.ABMI.CA

Appendix 4b — Vascular Plant Guild Membership (Level 3) con’t

Fruit type — capsule (con’t) Lobelia kalmii Salix discolor Corallorrhiza striata Luzula multiflora Salix drummondiana Corallorrhiza trifida Luzula parviflora Salix exigua Corydalis aurea Lysimachia ciliata Salix farriae Corylus cornuta Lysimachia thyrsiflora Salix glauca Cypripedium acaule Melampyrum lineare Salix glauca var. villosa Cypripedium passerinum Menyanthes trifoliata Salix lucida Diervilla lonicera Mitella nuda Salix lutea Dodecatheon conjugens Moehringia lateriflora Salix maccalliana Dodecatheon pulchellum Moneses uniflora Salix myrtillifolia Drosera anglica Monotropa uniflora Salix pedicellaris Drosera rotundifolia Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm. ssp. Salix petiolaris Elodea canadensis variegata Salix planifolia Epilobium angustifolium Nymphaea tetragona Salix prolixa Epilobium ciliatum Orobanche fasciculata Salix pseudomonticola Epilobium glaberrimum Orthilia secunda Salix pseudomyrsinites Epilobium hornemannii Orthocarpus luteus Salix pyrifolia Epilobium leptocarpum Parnassia palustris Salix reticulata Epilobium leptophyllum Pedicularis bracteosa Salix scouleriana Epilobium palustre Pedicularis groenlandica Salix serissima Euphorbia esula Pedicularis labradorica Cerastium nutans Fraxinus pennsylvanica Pedicularis parviflora Cerastium vulgatum Gaura coccinea Penstemon albertinus Chamaedaphne calyculata Gentianella amarella Penstemon albidus Chrysosplenium tetrandrum Geranium bicknellii Penstemon confertus Circaea alpina Geranium richardsonii Penstemon gracilis Coeloglossum viride Geranium viscosissimum Penstemon procerus Collomia linearis Goodyera repens Phlox alyssifolia Corallorrhiza maculata Gypsophila paniculata Phlox hoodii Corallorrhiza striata Halenia deflexa Plantago major Corallorrhiza trifida Heuchera richardsonii Plantago patagonica Corydalis aurea Impatiens capensis Platanthera dilatata Corylus cornuta Juncus albescens Platanthera dilatata Cypripedium acaule Juncus alpinoarticulatus Platanthera hyperborea Cypripedium passerinum Juncus balticus Platanthera obtusata Diervilla lonicera Juncus bufonius Platanthera orbiculata Dodecatheon conjugens Juncus compressus Polemonium acutiflorum Dodecatheon pulchellum Juncus dudleyi Populus balsamifera Drosera anglica Juncus longistylis Populus deltoides Drosera rotundifolia Juncus nodosus Populus grandidentata Elodea canadensis Juncus tenuis Populus tremuloides Epilobium angustifolium Juncus vaseyi Primula incana Epilobium ciliatum Kalmia microphylla Pyrola asarifolia Epilobium glaberrimum Kalmia polifolia Pyrola chlorantha Epilobium hornemannii Ledum groenlandicum Pyrola elliptica Epilobium leptocarpum Ledum palustre Pyrola minor Epilobium leptophyllum Lilium philadelphicum Rhinanthus borealis Epilobium palustre Linaria vulgaris Salix arbusculoides Euphorbia esula Linum lewisii Salix athabascensis Fraxinus pennsylvanica Linum rigidum Salix barclayi Gaura coccinea Listera borealis Salix bebbiana Gentianella amarelle Listera cordata Salix candida Geranium bicknellii

ABMI SPECIES PYRAMID GUILD DEFINITIONS AND SPECIES LISTS 45 THE ALBERTA BIODIVERSITY MONITORING INSTITUTE WWW.ABMI.CA

Appendix 4b — Vascular Plant Guild Membership (Level 3) con’t

Fruit type — capsule (con’t) Penstemon procerus Sisyrinchium montanum Geranium richardsonii Phlox alyssifolia Spergula arvensis Geranium viscosissimum Phlox hoodii Sphaeralcea coccinea Goodyera repens Plantago major Spiranthes romanzoffiana Gypsophila paniculata Plantago patagonica Stellaria borealis Halenia deflexa Platanthera dilatata Stellaria calycantha Heuchera richardsonii Platanthera dilatata Stellaria crassifolia Impatiens capensis Platanthera hyperborea Stellaria crispa Juncus albescens Platanthera obtusata Stellaria longifolia Juncus alpinoarticulatus Platanthera orbiculata Stellaria longipes Juncus balticus Polemonium acutiflorum Stellaria media Juncus bufonius Populus balsamifera Stenanthium occidentale Juncus compressus Populus deltoides Syringa reticulata Juncus dudleyi Populus grandidentata Syringa vulgaris Juncus longistylis Populus tremuloides Tofieldia glutinosa Juncus nodosus Primula incana Tofieldia pusilla Juncus tenuis Pyrola asarifolia Trientalis borealis Juncus vaseyi Pyrola chlorantha Trientalis europaea Kalmia microphylla Pyrola elliptica Triglochin maritima Kalmia polifolia Pyrola minor Triglochin palustre Ledum groenlandicum Rhinanthus borealis Utricularia intermedia Ledum palustre Salix arbusculoides Utricularia minor Lilium philadelphicum Salix athabascensis Utricularia vulgaris* Linaria vulgaris Salix barclayi Vaccaria pyramidata* Linum lewisii Salix bebbiana Veronica alpina* Linum rigidum Salix candida Veronica americana Listera borealis Salix discolor Veronica peregrina Listera cordata Salix drummondiana Veronica scutellata Lobelia kalmii Salix exigua Veronica serpyllifolia? Luzula multiflora Salix farriae Viola adunca Luzula parviflora Salix glauca Viola canadensis Lysimachia ciliata Salix glauca var. villosa Viola nephrophylla Lysimachia thyrsiflora Salix lucida Viola nuttallii Melampyrum lineare Salix lutea Viola palustris Menyanthes trifoliata Salix maccalliana Viola renifolia Mitella nuda Salix myrtillifolia Zigadenus elegans Moehringia lateriflora Salix pedicellaris Zigadenus venenosus Moneses uniflora Salix petiolaris Zizia aptera Monotropa uniflora Salix planifolia Nuphar lutea ssp. variegata Salix prolixa Fruit type — caryopsis Nymphaea tetragona Salix pseudomonticola Agropyron cristatum Orobanche fasciculata Salix pseudomyrsinites Agrostis scabra Orthilia secunda Salix pyrifolia Agrostis stolonifera Orthocarpus luteus Salix reticulata Alopecurus aequalis Parnassia palustris Salix scouleriana Alopecurus pratensis Pedicularis bracteosa Salix serissima Avena fatua Pedicularis groenlandica Salix sitchensis Beckmannia syzigachne Pedicularis labradorica Sarracenia purpurea Bouteloua gracilis Pedicularis parviflora Scheuchzeria palustris Bromus carinatus Penstemon albertinus Silene menziesii Bromus ciliatus Penstemon albidus Silene noctiflora Bromus inermis Penstemon confertus Silene pratensis Bromus inermis ssp. Penstemon gracilis Silene vulgaris pumpellianus

ABMI SPECIES PYRAMID GUILD DEFINITIONS AND SPECIES LISTS 46 THE ALBERTA BIODIVERSITY MONITORING INSTITUTE WWW.ABMI.CA

Appendix 4b — Vascular Plant Guild Membership (Level 3) con’t

Fruit type—caryopsis (cont’d) Poa pratensis Aralia nudicaulis Bromus japonicus Poa sandbergii Comarum palustre Bromus tectorum Psathyrostachys juncea Cornus canadensis Calamagrostis canadensis Puccinellia nuttalliana Cornus stolonifera Calamagrostis purpurascens Schedonnardus paniculatus Empetrum nigrum Calamagrostis stricta* Schizachne purpurascens Geocaulon lividum Calamovilfa longifolia Scolochloa festucacea Prunus pensylvanica Catabrosa aquatica Spartina gracilis Prunus virginiana Cinna latifolia Sphenopholis intermedia Rhamnus alnifolia Dactylis glomerata Stipa columbiana Rubus arcticus Danthonia californica Stipa comata Rubus chamaemorus Deschampsia caespitosa Stipa curtiseta Rubus idaeus Distichlis stricta Stipa viridula Rubus parviflorus Elymus canadensis Trisetum spicatum Rubus pedatus Elymus elymoides Triticum aestivum Rubus pubescens Elymus lanceolatus Zea mays Ruppia cirrhosa Elymus piperi Symphoricarpos albus Elymus repens Fruit type — cone Symphoricarpos occidentalis Elymus trachycaulus Abies balsamea Viburnum edule Elymus trachycaulus ssp. Abies bifolia Viburnum opulus subsecundus Juniperus horizontalis Elymus trachycaulus ssp. Larix laricina Fruit type — follicle trachycaulus Larix occidentalis Aconitum delphiniifolium Festuca altaica Picea engelmannii Apocynum androsaemifolium Festuca campestris Picea glauca Aquilegia brevistyla Festuca idahoensis Picea mariana Caltha natans Festuca ovina Picea pungens Caltha palustris Festuca rubra Pinus banksiana Delphinium glaucum Festuca saximontana Pinus contorta Spiraea alba Glyceria borealis Spiraea betulifolia Glyceria grandis Fruit type — drupe Glyceria striata Adoxa moschatellina Fruit type — nutlet Hordeum jubatum Aralia nudicaulis Agastache foeniculum Hordeum vulgare Comarum palustre Alnus incana Koeleria macrantha Cornus canadensis Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia Leymus innovatus Cornus stolonifera Alnus viridis Lolium perenne Empetrum nigrum Alnus viridis ssp. crispa Lolium pratense Geocaulon lividum Betula glandulosa Muhlenbergia richardsonis Prunus pensylvanica Betula neoalaskana Oryzopsis asperifolia Prunus virginiana Betula occidentalis Panicum capillare Rhamnus alnifolia Betula papyrifera Pascopyrum smithii Rubus arcticus Betula pendula* Phalaris arundinacea Rubus chamaemorus Betula pumila Phalaris canariensis Rubus idaeus Callitriche palustris* Phleum pratense Rubus parviflorus Callitriche verna* Phragmites australis Rubus pedatus Chenopodium album Piptatherum pungens Rubus pubescens Corydalis sempervirens Poa alpina Ruppia cirrhosa Cynoglossum officinale Poa annua Symphoricarpos albus Dracocephalum parviflorum Poa arida Symphoricarpos occidentalis Galeopsis tetrahit Poa compressa Viburnum edule Galium aparine Poa nemoralis ssp. interior Viburnum opulus Galium boreale Poa palustris Adoxa moschatellina Galium labradoricum

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Appendix 4b — Vascular Plant Guild Membership (Level 3) con’t

Fruit type — nutlet (cont’d) Dalea purpurea Galium trifidum Dalea purpurea var. purpurea Fruit type — utricles Galium triflorum Descurainia sophia Amaranthus albus Hackelia jessicae Erysimum cheiranthoides Amaranthus retroflexus Hedeoma hispida Erysimum inconspicuum Atriplex nuttallii Hippuris vulgaris Glycyrrhiza lepidota Axyris amaranthoides Lappula squarrosa Hedysarum alpinum Eurotia lanata Linnaea borealis Hedysarum boreale Kochia scoparia Lithospermum incisum Hedysarum sulphurescens Lemna minor Lithospermum ruderale Lathyrus ochroleucus Lemna trisulca Lycopus americanus Lathyrus palustris Lemna turionifera Lycopus asper Lathyrus venosus Monolepis nuttalliana Lycopus uniflorus Lepidium densiflorum Paronychia sessiliflora Mentha arvensis Medicago lupulina Spirodela polyrhiza Mentha spicata Medicago sativa Mertensia paniculata Melilotus alba* Heterotrophs Monarda fistulosa Menziesia ferruginea Castilleja hispida Myrica gale Neslia paniculata Castilleja miniata Myriophyllum alterniflorum Onobrychis viciifolia Castilleja occidentalis Myriophyllum sibiricum Oxytropis deflexa Castilleja raupii Myriophyllum spicatum Oxytropis monticola Comarum palustre Myriophyllum verticillatum Oxytropis sericea Corallorrhiza maculata Onosmodium molle Oxytropis splendens Corallorrhiza striata Physostegia parviflora Psoralea argophylla* Corallorrhiza trifida Prunella vulgaris Rorippa palustris Cypripedium acaule Scutellaria galericulata Sisymbrium altissimum Drosera anglica Stachys palustris Thermopsis rhombifolia Drosera rotundifolia Verbena bracteata Thlaspi arvense Geocaulon lividum Tiarella trifoliata Monotropa uniflora Fruit type — pod Trifolium hybridum Pedicularis bracteosa Arabis hirsuta Trifolium pratense Pedicularis groenlandica Asclepias ovalifolia Trifolium repens Pedicularis labradorica Astragalus alpinus Vicia americana Pedicularis parviflora Astragalus americanus Vicia cracca Rhinanthus borealis Astragalus australis Lupinus pusillus Sarracenia purpurea Astragalus bodinii Lupinus sericeus Utricularia intermedia Astragalus canadensis Sorbus aucuparia Utricularia minor Astragalus dasyglottis Sorbus scopulina Utricularia vulgaris Astragalus drummondii Astragalus eucosmus Fruit type — schizocarp Nectar Producers Astragalus flexuosus Angelica dawsonii Achillea millefolium Astragalus laxmannii Angelica genuflexa Achillea sibirica Astragalus miser Callitriche hermaphroditica Aconitum delphiniifolium Astragalus pectinatus Carum carvi Agastache foeniculum Astragalus purshii Cicuta bulbifera Agoseris glauca Astragalus vexilliflexus Cicuta maculata Agrimonia striata Barbarea orthocera Heracleum maximum Alisma gramineum Brassica kaber Malva rotundifolia Alisma triviale Brassica napus Osmorhiza depauperata Allium cernuum Brassica rapa Osmorhiza longistylis Allium textile Capsella bursa-pastoris Pastinaca sativa Amelanchier alnifolia Caragana arborescens Sanicula marilandica Amerorchis rotundifolia Cardamine pensylvanica Sium suave Androsace occidentalis

ABMI SPECIES PYRAMID GUILD DEFINITIONS AND SPECIES LISTS 48 THE ALBERTA BIODIVERSITY MONITORING INSTITUTE WWW.ABMI.CA

Appendix 4b — Vascular Plant Guild Membership (Level 3) con’t

Nectar Producers (cont’d) Campanula rotundifolia Elaeagnus commutata Androsace septentrionalis Capsella bursa-pastoris Empetrum nigrum Anemone riparia Cardamine pensylvanica Epilobium angustifolium Angelica dawsonii Carum carvi Epilobium ciliatum Angelica genuflexa Cassiope tetragona Epilobium glaberrimum Apocynum androsaemifolium Castilleja hispida Epilobium hornemannii Aquilegia brevistyla Castilleja miniata Epilobium leptocarpum Arabis hirsuta Castilleja occidentalis Epilobium leptophyllum Arceuthobium americanum Castilleja raupii Epilobium palustre Arctium minus Cerastium arvense Erigeron acris Arctostaphylos rubra Cerastium nutans Erigeron caespitosus Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Cerastium vulgatum Erigeron elatus Arnica angustifolia Ceratophyllum demersum Erigeron glabellus Arnica chamissonis Chamaerhodos erecta Erigeron philadelphicus Arnica cordifolia Chrysanthemum leucanthemum Erigeron pumilus Arnica lonchophylla Chrysosplenium tetrandrum Erigeron speciosus Artemisia campestris Cicuta bulbifera Eriogonum flavum Asclepias ovalifolia Cicuta maculata Erysimum cheiranthoides Aster ascendens* Circaea alpina Erysimum inconspicuum Aster borealis Cirsium arvense Euphorbia esula Aster brachyactis Cirsium drummondii Fragaria vesca Aster ciliolatus Cirsium flodmanii Fragaria virginiana Aster conspicuus Cirsium hookerianum Gaillardia aristata Aster ericoides Cirsium undulatum Galeopsis tetrahit Aster hesperius Cirsium vulgare Galium aparine Aster laevis Clematis occidentalis Galium boreale Aster modestus Coeloglossum viride Galium labradoricum Aster puniceus Comandra umbellata Galium trifidum Aster umbellatus Comarum palustre Galium triflorum Astragalus alpinus Coptis trifolia Gaultheria hispidula Astragalus americanus Corallorrhiza maculata Gaura coccinea Astragalus australis Corallorrhiza striata Gentianella amarella Astragalus bodinii Corallorrhiza trifida Geocaulon lividum Astragalus canadensis Corydalis aurea Geranium bicknellii Astragalus dasyglottis* Corylus cornuta Geranium richardsonii Astragalus drummondii Coryphantha vivipara* Geranium viscosissimum Astragalus eucosmus Crepis runcinata Geum aleppicum Astragalus flexuosus Crepis tectorum Geum macrophyllum Astragalus laxmannii Cynoglossum officinale Geum rivale Astragalus miser Cypripedium acaule Geum triflorum Astragalus pectinatus Cypripedium passerinum Glycyrrhiza lepidota Astragalus purshii Dalea purpurea Gnaphalium palustre Astragalus vexilliflexus Dalea purpurea var. purpurea Gnaphalium uliginosum Barbarea orthocera Delphinium glaucum Goodyera repens Bidens cernua Descurainia sophia Grindelia squarrosa Brassica kaber Diervilla lonicera Gutierrezia sarothrae Brassica napus Disporum trachycarpum Gypsophila paniculata Brassica rapa Dodecatheon conjugens Hackelia jessicae Calla palustris Dodecatheon pulchellum Halenia deflexa Caltha natans Dracocephalum parviflorum Hedeoma hispida Caltha palustris Drosera anglica Hedysarum alpinum Calypso bulbosa Drosera rotundifolia Hedysarum boreale Camelina microcarpa Dryas drummondii Hedysarum sulphurescens

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Appendix 4b — Vascular Plant Guild Membership (Level 3) con’t

Nectar Producers (con’t) Matricaria matricarioides Plantago patagonica Helianthus annuus Matricaria perforata Platanthera dilatata Helianthus nuttallii Medicago lupulina Platanthera dilatata Helianthus subrhomboideus Medicago sativa Platanthera hyperborea Heracleum maximum Melampyrum lineare Platanthera obtusata Heterotheca villosa Melilotus alba* Platanthera orbiculata Heuchera richardsonii Mentha arvensis Polemonium acutiflorum Hieracium umbellatum Mentha spicata Polygonum amphibium Hierochloe hirta ssp. arctica Menyanthes trifoliata Polygonum arenastrum Hymenoxys richardsonii Menziesia ferruginea Polygonum aviculare Impatiens capensis Mertensia paniculata Polygonum bistortoides Iva axillaris Mitella nuda Polygonum coccineum* Kalmia microphylla Moehringia lateriflora Polygonum convolvulus Kalmia polifolia Monarda fistulosa Polygonum erectum Lactuca serriola Moneses uniflora Polygonum lapathifolium Lactuca tatarica Monotropa uniflora Polygonum salicifolium Lappula squarrosa Nuphar lutea ssp. variegata Potentilla anserina* Lathyrus ochroleucus Nymphaea tetragona Potentilla argentea Lathyrus palustris Oligoneuron rigidum Potentilla arguta Lathyrus venosus Onobrychis viciifolia Potentilla bimundorum Ledum groenlandicum Onosmodium molle Potentilla bipinnatifida Ledum palustre Opuntia fragilis Potentilla concinna Liatris ligulistylis Opuntia polyacantha Potentilla diversifolia Liatris punctata Orobanche fasciculata Potentilla fruticosa Lilium philadelphicum Orthilia secunda Potentilla gracilis Linaria vulgaris Orthocarpus luteus Potentilla hippiana Linnaea borealis Osmorhiza depauperata Potentilla norvegica Linum lewisii Osmorhiza longistylis Potentilla paradoxa Linum rigidum Oxytropis deflexa Potentilla pensylvanica Listera borealis Oxytropis monticola Potentilla recta Listera cordata Oxytropis sericea Potentilla tridentata Lithospermum incisum Oxytropis splendens Primula incana Lithospermum ruderale Parnassia palustris Prunella vulgaris Lobelia kalmii Paronychia sessiliflora Prunus pensylvanica Lonicera caerulea Pastinaca sativa Prunus virginiana Lonicera dioica Pedicularis bracteosa Pyrola asarifolia Lonicera involucrata Pedicularis groenlandica Pyrola chlorantha Lonicera oblongifolia Pedicularis labradorica Pyrola elliptica Lupinus pusillus Pedicularis parviflora Pyrola minor Lupinus sericeus Penstemon albertinus Ranunculus cymbalaria Lycopus americanus Penstemon albidus Ranunculus abortivus Lycopus asper Penstemon confertus Ranunculus acris Lycopus uniflorus Penstemon gracilis Ranunculus aquatilis Lygodesmia juncea Penstemon procerus Ranunculus cardiophyllus Lysimachia ciliata Petasites frigidus Ranunculus gmelinii Lysimachia thyrsiflora Petasites frigidus var. palmatus Ranunculus inamoenus Machaeranthera canescens Petasites sagittatus Ranunculus lapponicus Maianthemum canadense Petasites X vitifolius Ranunculus macounii Maianthemum racemosum ssp. Phlox alyssifolia Ranunculus pensylvanicus amplexicaule Phlox hoodii Ranunculus repens Maianthemum stellatum Phragmites australis Ranunculus reptans Maianthemum trifolium Physostegia parviflora Ranunculus sceleratus Malva rotundifolia Plantago major Ranunculus uncinatus

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Appendix 4b — Vascular Plant Guild Membership (Level 3) con’t

Nectar Producers (con’t) Senecio congestus Thalictrum venulosum Ratibida columnifera Senecio eremophilus Thermopsis rhombifolia Rhinanthus borealis Senecio integerrimus Thlaspi arvense Rorippa palustris Senecio pauciflorus Tiarella trifoliata Rosa acicularis Senecio pauperculus Tofieldia glutinosa Rosa arkansana Senecio triangularis Tofieldia pusilla Rosa woodsii Senecio vulgaris Tragopogon dubius Rubus arcticus Shepherdia canadensis Tragopogon pratensis Rubus chamaemorus Silene menziesii Trientalis borealis Rubus idaeus Silene noctiflora Trientalis europaea Rubus parviflorus Silene pratensis* Trifolium hybridum Rubus pedatus Silene vulgaris Trifolium pratense Rubus pubescens Sisymbrium altissimum Trifolium repens Rumex acetosella Sisyrinchium montanum Utricularia intermedia Rumex britannica Solanum triflorum Utricularia minor Rumex crispus Solanum tuberosum Utricularia vulgaris* Rumex maritimus Solidago canadensis Vaccinium caespitosum Rumex occidentalis Solidago gigantea Vaccinium membranaceum Rumex pseudonatronatus Solidago graminifolia Vaccinium myrtilloides Rumex stenophyllus Solidago missouriensis Vaccinium ovalifolium Rumex triangulivalvis* Solidago mollis Vaccinium oxycoccos Sagittaria cuneata Solidago multiradiata Vaccinium uliginosum Salix arbusculoides Solidago nemoralis Vaccinium vitis-idaea Salix athabascensis Solidago simplex ssp. simplex Valeriana dioica Salix barclayi Sonchus arvensis Verbena bracteata Salix bebbiana Sonchus asper Veronica alpina* Salix candida Sorbus aucuparia Veronica americana Salix discolor Sorbus scopulina Veronica peregrina Salix drummondiana Spergula arvensis Veronica scutellata Salix exigua Sphaeralcea coccinea Veronica serpyllifolia? Salix farriae Spiraea alba Viburnum edule Salix glauca Spiraea betulifolia Viburnum opulus Salix glauca var. villosa Spiranthes romanzoffiana Vicia americana Salix lucida Stachys palustris Vicia cracca Salix lutea Stellaria borealis Viola adunca Salix maccalliana Stellaria calycantha Viola canadensis Salix myrtillifolia Stellaria crassifolia Viola nephrophylla Salix pedicellaris Stellaria crispa Viola nuttallii Salix petiolaris Stellaria longifolia Viola palustris Salix planifolia Stellaria longipes Viola renifolia Salix prolixa Stellaria media Xanthium strumarium Salix pseudomonticola Stenanthium occidentale Zigadenus elegans Salix pseudomyrsinites Streptopus amplexifolius Zigadenus venenosus Salix pyrifolia Suaeda calceoliformis Zizia aptera Salix reticulata Symphoricarpos albus Salix scouleriana Symphoricarpos occidentalis Salix serissima Syringa reticulata Salix sitchensis Syringa vulgaris Sambucus racemosa Taraxacum officinale Sarracenia purpurea Thalictrum dasycarpum Scutellaria galericulata Thalictrum occidentale Senecio canus Thalictrum sparsiflorum

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Appendix 4b — Vascular Plant Guild Membership (Level 3) con’t

Culturally Important – Salix bebbiana Calla palustris Construction Materials Salix discolor Caltha natans Acer negundo Salix exigua Caltha palustris Alnus incana Salix maccalliana Cardamine pensylvanica Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia Salix myrtillifolia Carex rostrata Alnus viridis Salix petiolaris Castilleja occidentalis Alnus viridis ssp. crispa Salix pseudomyrsinites Catabrosa aquatica Amelanchier alnifolia Salix pyrifolia Chenopodium album Apocynum androsaemifolium Salix serissima Chenopodium capitatum Athyrium filix-femina Salix sitchensis Chenopodium pratericola Betula neoalaskana Schoenoplectus Chenopodium rubrum Betula papyrifera tabernaemontani Chenopodium salinum Calamagrostis canadensis Scirpus cyperinus Cirsium drummondii Carex chordorrhiza Scirpus microcarpus Cirsium hookerianum Cassiope tetragona Shepherdia canadensis Comandra umbellata Chenopodium capitatum Symphoricarpos occidentalis Comarum palustre Corydalis sempervirens Typha latifolia Cornus canadensis Deschampsia caespitosa Urtica dioica Cornus stolonifera Elaeagnus commutata Corydalis sempervirens Equisetum arvense Culturally Important - Food Disporum trachycarpum Eriophorum brachyantherum Agastache foeniculum Elaeagnus commutata Eriophorum chamissonis Alnus viridis Elymus canadensis Eriophorum polystachion* Alnus viridis ssp. crispa Empetrum nigrum Eriophorum vaginatum Amaranthus albus Epilobium angustifolium Eriophorum viridicarinatum Amaranthus retroflexus Equisetum arvense Festuca idahoensis Amelanchier alnifolia Fragaria vesca Fraxinus pennsylvanica Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Fragaria virginiana Galium trifidum Astragalus miser Galeopsis tetrahit Galium triflorum Athyrium filix-femina Galium boreale Hymenoxys richardsonii Barbarea orthocera Gaultheria hispidula Juniperus horizontalis Beckmannia syzigachne Geocaulon lividum Larix laricina Bromus carinatus Geum rivale Larix occidentalis Calla palustris Glyceria grandis Linum lewisii Caltha natans Glyceria striata Lithospermum ruderale Caltha palustris Glycyrrhiza lepidota Lonicera dioica Cardamine pensylvanica Hedysarum alpinum Lonicera involucrata Carex rostrata Hedysarum boreale Lupinus sericeus Castilleja occidentalis Helianthus annuus Machaeranthera canescens Catabrosa aquatica Heracleum maximum Melilotus alba* Chenopodium album Heuchera richardsonii Orthocarpus luteus Chenopodium capitatum Hippuris vulgaris Phalaris arundinacea Agastache foeniculum Hordeum vulgare Picea engelmannii Alnus viridis Impatiens capensis Picea glauca Alnus viridis ssp. crispa Larix occidentalis Picea mariana Amaranthus albus Lathyrus palustris Pinus contorta Amaranthus retroflexus Ledum groenlandicum Populus balsamifera Amelanchier alnifolia Ledum palustre Populus deltoides Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Liatris punctata Potentilla tridentata Astragalus miser Lithospermum incisum Rosa acicularis Athyrium filix-femina Lithospermum ruderale Rosa woodsii Barbarea orthocera Lycopus asper Rubus parviflorus Beckmannia syzigachne Lysimachia thyrsiflora Salix arbusculoides Bromus carinatus Machaeranthera canescens

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Appendix 4b — Vascular Plant Guild Membership (Level 3) con’t Culturally Important – Food Senecio congestus Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (cont’d) Shepherdia canadensis Arnica chamissonis Matricaria matricarioides Solidago canadensis Artemisia campestris Matteuccia struthiopteris Sonchus arvensis Artemisia frigida Melilotus alba Sorbus scopulina Aster ciliolatus Mentha arvensis Sparganium eurycarpum Astragalus americanus Menyanthes trifoliata Stachys palustris Athyrium filix-femina Mertensia paniculata Stellaria longifolia Bahia oppositifolia Moneses uniflora Stellaria media Betula glandulosa Monolepis nuttalliana Suaeda calceoliformis Betula pumila Opuntia fragilis Taraxacum officinale Caltha natans Orobanche fasciculata Trifolium hybridum Caltha palustris Osmorhiza depauperata Triglochin maritima Campanula rotundifolia Panicum capillare Triglochin palustre Carex brevior Petasites sagittatus Typha latifolia Carex douglasii Picea engelmannii Urtica dioica Castilleja miniata Picea glauca Vaccinium caespitosum Catabrosa aquatica Pinus banksiana Vaccinium membranaceum Collomia linearis Pinus contorta Vaccinium myrtilloides Comandra umbellata Plantago patagonica Vaccinium ovalifolium Coptis trifolia Poa annua Vaccinium oxycoccos Cornus stolonifera Poa arida Vaccinium uliginosum Crepis runcinata Poa palustris Vaccinium vitis-idaea Cypripedium acaule Poa pratensis Veronica americana Cystopteris fragilis Polygonum bistortoides Viburnum edule Delphinium glaucum Populus deltoides Viburnum opulus Diphasiastrum complanatum Potentilla anserina* Viola renifolia Disporum trachycarpum Prunus pensylvanica Dodecatheon pulchellum Prunus virginiana Culturally Important - Dracocephalum parviflorum Ratibida columnifera Medicine Drosera anglica Ribes americanum Abies balsamea Drosera rotundifolia Ribes glandulosum Acer negundo Dryas drummondii Ribes hirtellum Achillea millefolium Elodea canadensis Ribes hudsonianum Achillea sibirica Elymus canadensis Ribes lacustre Aconitum delphiniifolium Empetrum nigrum Ribes oxyacanthoides Acorus americanus Epilobium angustifolium Ribes triste Actaea rubra Equisetum arvense Rorippa palustris Agastache foeniculum Equisetum fluviatile Rosa acicularis Agoseris aurantiaca Erigeron glabellus Rosa woodsii Agoseris glauca Erigeron philadelphicus Rubus arcticus Agrimonia striata Erigeron pumilus Rubus chamaemorus Alisma triviale Eriophorum brachyantherum Rubus idaeus Allium cernuum Eriophorum chamissonis Rubus parviflorus Alnus incana Eriophorum polystachion Rubus pedatus Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia Eriophorum scheuchzeri Rubus pubescens Amaranthus retroflexus Eriophorum vaginatum Rumex maritimus Anemone canadensis Eriophorum viridicarinatum Rumex occidentalis Anemone multifida Erysimum inconspicuum Sagittaria cuneata Anemone patens Fragaria vesca Salix lutea Angelica dawsonii Fragaria virginiana Sambucus racemosa Antennaria microphylla Fraxinus pennsylvanica Schoenoplectus Antennaria rosea Gaillardia aristata tabernaemontani Aralia nudicaulis Galeopsis tetrahit Scirpus microcarpus Arceuthobium americanum Galium boreale

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Appendix 4b — Vascular Plant Guild Membership (Level 3) con’t

Culturally Important – Matteuccia struthiopteris Rhamnus alnifolia Medicine (cont’d) Mentha arvensis Ribes americanum Galium triflorum Menziesia ferruginea Ribes hirtellum Gaultheria hispidula Mertensia paniculata Ribes hudsonianum Gaura coccinea Mitella nuda Ribes lacustre Gentianella amarella Moneses uniflora Ribes oxyacanthoides Geocaulon lividum Monolepis nuttalliana Ribes triste Geranium bicknellii Monotropa uniflora Rosa acicularis Geranium richardsonii Muhlenbergia richardsonis Rosa arkansana Geranium viscosissimum Myrica gale Rosa woodsii Geum aleppicum Myriophyllum sibiricum Rubus chamaemorus Geum triflorum Myriophyllum verticillatum Rubus pubescens Glycyrrhiza lepidota Opuntia fragilis Rumex maritimus Goodyera repens Opuntia polyacantha Rumex occidentalis Grindelia squarrosa Orobanche fasciculata Sagittaria cuneata Gymnocarpium dryopteris Orthilia secunda Salix arbusculoides Helianthus nuttallii Oxytropis deflexa Salix bebbiana Heracleum maximum Oxytropis monticola Salix discolor Heuchera richardsonii Panicum capillare Salix glauca Hierochloe hirta ssp. arctica Petasites frigidus Salix glauca var. villosa Hymenoxys richardsonii Petasites frigidus var. palmatus Salix lucida Impatiens capensis Petasites sagittatus Salix planifolia Iva axillaris Phlox hoodii Salix sitchensis Juniperus horizontalis Phragmites australis Sanicula marilandica Larix laricina Physostegia parviflora Sarracenia purpurea Larix occidentalis Picea engelmannii Schoenoplectus Ledum groenlandicum Picea mariana tabernaemontani Ledum palustre Pinus banksiana Scutellaria galericulata Liatris punctata Pinus contorta Selaginella densa Lilium philadelphicum Plantago major Senecio triangularis Linnaea borealis Plantago patagonica Shepherdia canadensis Linum lewisii Poa palustris Silene menziesii Lithospermum incisum Polemonium acutiflorum Sisyrinchium montanum Lithospermum ruderale Polygonum lapathifolium Sium suave Lobelia kalmii Populus balsamifera Solidago canadensis Lonicera dioica Populus deltoides Solidago gigantea Lonicera involucrata Populus tremuloides Solidago graminifolia Lonicera oblongifolia Potamogeton natans Solidago multiradiata Lupinus pusillus Potentilla anserina Solidago simplex ssp. simplex Lupinus sericeus Potentilla gracilis Sorbus scopulina Lycopodium annotinum Prunella vulgaris Sparganium eurycarpum Lycopodium clavatum Prunus pensylvanica Sphaeralcea coccinea Lycopodium obscurum Prunus virginiana Spiraea alba Lycopus americanus Pyrola asarifolia Stachys palustris Lycopus asper Pyrola chlorantha Stellaria crassifolia Lygodesmia juncea Pyrola minor Stellaria media Lysimachia thyrsiflora Ranunculus cymbalaria Symphoricarpos albus Machaeranthera canescens Ranunculus acris Taraxacum officinale Maianthemum canadense Ranunculus inamoenus Thalictrum dasycarpum Maianthemum racemosum ssp. Ranunculus macounii Thalictrum venulosum amplexicaule Ranunculus pensylvanicus Thermopsis rhombifolia Maianthemum stellatum Ranunculus uncinatus Trifolium hybridum Matricaria matricarioides Ratibida columnifera Vaccinium myrtilloides

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Appendix 4b — Vascular Plant Guild Membership (Level 3) con’t

Culturally Important - Schoenoplectus Hippuris vulgaris Medicine (con’t) tabernaemontani Myriophyllum alterniflorum Vaccinium oxycoccos Scolochloa festucacea Myriophyllum sibiricum Vaccinium vitis-idaea Sparganium angustifolium Myriophyllum verticillatum Valeriana dioica Sparganium eurycarpum Potamogeton alpinus Viburnum edule Sparganium minimum Potamogeton filiformis Viburnum opulus Aquatic Form - Floating Potamogeton friesii Viola canadensis Lemna minor Potamogeton gramineus Viola renifolia Lemna trisulca Potamogeton nodosus Xanthium strumarium Lemna turionifera Potamogeton obtusifolius Nuphar lutea ssp. variegata Potamogeton pectinatus Aquatic Form - Emergent Nymphaea tetragona Potamogeton praelongus Acorus americanus Potamogeton natans Potamogeton pusillus Alisma gramineum Sparganium fluctuans Potamogeton richardsonii Alisma triviale Spirodela polyrhiza Potamogeton robbinsii Chenopodium rubrum Potamogeton vaginatus Eleocharis palustris Aquatic Form – Submergent Potamogeton zosteriformis Eleocharis quinqueflora Callitriche hermaphroditica Ranunculus aquatilis Polygonum coccineum Callitriche palustris Ruppia cirrhosa Sagittaria cuneata Callitriche verna Utricularia intermedia Schoenoplectus acutus Ceratophyllum demersum Utricularia minor Elodea canadensis Utricularia vulgaris

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Appendix 5a — Lichen Guild Membership (Level 4)

Forest Leptogium saturninum Ramalina intermedia Alectoria sarmentosa Letharia vulpina Ramalina obtusata Bryoria capillaris Lobaria hallii Ramalina pollinaria Bryoria fremontii Lobaria pulmonaria Ramalina roesleri Bryoria furcellata Melanelia subargentifera Ramalina sinensis Bryoria fuscescens Melanelia subolivacea Ramalina thrausta Bryoria glabra Melanelia trabeculata Stereocaulon grande Bryoria lanestris Melanelixia subaurifera Stereocaulon tomentosum Bryoria pseudofuscescens Melanohalea elegantula Tuckermannopsis americana Bryoria simplicior Melanohalea exasperata Tuckermannopsis chlorophylla Bryoria tortuosa Melanohalea exasperatula Tuckermannopsis ciliaris Bryoria trichodes Melanelia olivacea Tuckermannopsis fendleri Candelaria concolor Melanohalea septentrionalis Tuckermannopsis orbata Cladonia amaurocraea Melanohalea subelegantula Tuckermannopsis platyphylla Cladonia bacilliformis Nephroma bellum Tuckermannopsis subalpina Cladonia bellidiflora Nephroma helveticum Umbillicaria muehlenbergii Cladonia botrytes Nephroma parile Usnea cavernosa Cladonia cenotea Nephroma resupinatum Usnea filipendula Cladonia cervicornis Nodobryoria abbreviata Usnea glabrata Cladonia cervicornis verticillata Nodobryoria oregana Usnea glabrescens Cladonia coniocraea Parmeliopsis ambigua Usnea hirta Cladonia cornuta Parmeliopsis hyperopta Usnea lapponica Cladonia cristatella Peltigera aphthosa Usnea scabrata Cladonia cyanipes Peltigera britannica Usnea subfloridana Cladonia decorticata Peltigera cinnamomea Usnea substerilis Cladonia deformis Peltigera collina Xanthomendoza fulva Cladonia digitata Peltigera elisabethae Xanthoria candelaria Cladonia ecmocyna Peltigera extenuata Xanthoria fallax Cladonia fimbriata Peltigera horizontalis Xanthoria hasseana Cladonia furcata Peltigera malacea Xanthoria polycarpa Cladonia macilenta Peltigera membranacea Cladonia macrophyllodes Peltigera neckeri Grassland/Meadow Cladonia ochrochlora Peltigera neopolydactyla Aspicilia hispidia Cladonia pleurota Peltigera polydactyla Cetraria arenaria Cladonia squamosa Peltigera praetextata Cladonia mateocyatha Cladonia umbricola Peltigera retifoveata Cladonia rangiferina Collema furfuraceum Peltigera scabrosa Peltigera lepidophora Evernia mesomorpha Peltigera venosa Peltigera ponojensis Flavocetraria cucullata Phaeophyscia adiastola Physcia biziana Flavopunctelia flaventior Phaeophyscia ciliata Physcia caesia Flavopunctelia soredica Phaeophyscia hirsuta Physcia convexa Heterodermia obscurata Phaeophyscia hispidula Physcia dubia Heterodermia speciosa Phaeophyscia orbicularis Physcia phaea Hypogymnia austerodes Physcia adscendens Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca Hypogymnia bitteri Physcia millegrana Rhizoplaca melanophthalma Hypogymnia enteromorpha Physcia tenella Xanthoparmelia chlorochroa Hypogymnia metaphysodes Physconia detersa Xanthoparmelia wyomingica Hypogymnia occidentalis Physconia perisidiosa Hypogymnia physodes Platismatia glauca Alpine Hypogymnia tubulosa Punctelia subrudecta Solorina saccata Imshaugia aleurites Ramalina americana Imshaugia placorodia Ramalina dilacerata Kaernefeltia merrillii Ramalina farinacea

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Appendix 5a — Lichen Guild Membership (Level 4) continued

Peatland Cladonia multiformis Cladonia stygia Peltigera kristinssonii

Wetland/Aquatic not applicable

Habitat Generalist Cetraria aculeata Cetraria ericetorum Cladonia acuminata Cladonia arbuscula Cladonia borealis Cladonia cariosa Cladonia carneola Cladonia chlorophaea Cladonia crispata Cladonia gracilis elongata Cladonia gracilis gracilis Cladonia gracilis turbinata Cladonia mitis Cladonia phyllophora Cladonia pocillum Cladonia pyxidata Cladonia ramulosa Cladonia rei Cladonia scabriuscula Cladonia stellaris Cladonia subulata Cladonia sulphurina Cladonia symphycarpia Cladonia uncialis Cladonia verruculosa Flavocetraria nivalis Lobaria linita Melanelia albertana Nephroma arcticum Parmelia sulcata Peltigera didactyla Peltigera evansiana Peltigera leucophlebia Peltigera rufescens Phaeophyscia constipata Physcia aipolia Physcia stellaris Physconia muscigena Stereocaulon alpinum Tuckermannopsis sepincola Vulpicida pinastri Xanthoria elegans

Non-Native not applicable

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Appendix 5b — Lichen Guild Membership (Level 3)

Leaf Lichens Physconia perisidiosa Peltigera polydactyla Candelaria concolor Platismatia glauca Peltigera ponojensis Cetraria arenaria Punctelia subrudecta Peltigera praetextata Cetraria ericetorum Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca Peltigera retifoveata Flavocetraria cucullata Rhizoplaca melanophthalma Peltigera rufescens Flavocetraria nivalis Tuckermannopsis americana Peltigera scabrosa Flavopunctelia flaventior Tuckermannopsis chlorophylla Peltigera venosa Flavopunctelia soredica Tuckermannopsis ciliaris Solorina saccata Heterodermia obscurata Tuckermannopsis fendleri Heterodermia speciosa Tuckermannopsis orbata Club/Shrub Lichens Hypogymnia austerodes Tuckermannopsis platyphylla Aspicilia hispidia Hypogymnia bitteri Tuckermannopsis sepincola Cetraria aculeata Hypogymnia enteromorpha Tuckermannopsis subalpina Cladonia acuminata Hypogymnia metaphysodes Umbillicaria muehlenbergii Cladonia amaurocraea Hypogymnia occidentalis Vulpicida pinastri Cladonia arbuscula Hypogymnia physodes Xanthomendoza fulva Cladonia bacilliformis Hypogymnia tubulosa Xanthoparmelia chlorochroa Cladonia bellidiflora Imshaugia aleurites Xanthoparmelia wyomingica Cladonia borealis Imshaugia placorodia Xanthoria candelaria Cladonia botrytes Kaernefeltia merrillii Xanthoria elegans Cladonia cariosa Lobaria pulmonaria Xanthoria fallax Aspicilia hispidia Melanelia albertana Xanthoria hasseana Cetraria aculeata Melanelia olivacea Xanthoria polycarpa Cladonia acuminata Melanelia subargentifera Cladonia amaurocraea Melanelia subolivacea Gel Lichens Cladonia arbuscula Melanelia trabeculata Collema furfuraceum Cladonia bacilliformis Melanelixia subaurifera Leptogium saturninum Cladonia bellidiflora Melanohalea elegantula Lobaria hallii Cladonia borealis Melanohalea exasperata Lobaria linita Cladonia botrytes Melanohalea exasperatula Cladonia cariosa Melanohalea septentrionalis Felt Lichens Cladonia carneola Melanohalea subelegantula Nephroma arcticum Cladonia cenotea Parmelia sulcata Nephroma bellum Cladonia cervicornis Parmeliopsis ambigua Nephroma helveticum Cladonia cervicornis verticillata Parmeliopsis hyperopta Nephroma parile Cladonia chlorophaea Phaeophyscia adiastola Nephroma resupinatum Cladonia coniocraea Phaeophyscia ciliata Peltigera aphthosa Cladonia cornuta Phaeophyscia constipata Peltigera britannica Cladonia crispata Phaeophyscia hirsuta Peltigera canina Cladonia cristatella Phaeophyscia hispidula Peltigera cinnamomea Cladonia cyanipes Phaeophyscia orbicularis Peltigera collina Cladonia decorticata Physcia adscendens Peltigera didactyla Cladonia deformis Physcia aipolia Peltigera elisabethae Cladonia digitata Physcia biziana Peltigera evansiana Cladonia ecmocyna Physcia caesia Peltigera extenuata Cladonia fimbriata Physcia convexa Peltigera horizontalis Cladonia furcata Physcia dubia Peltigera kristinssonii Cladonia gracilis elongata Physcia millegrana Peltigera lepidophora Cladonia gracilis gracilis Physcia phaea Peltigera leucophlebia Cladonia gracilis turbinata Physcia stellaris Peltigera malacea Cladonia macilenta Physcia tenella Peltigera membranacea Cladonia macrophyllodes Physconia detersa Peltigera neckeri Cladonia mateocyatha Physconia muscigena Peltigera neopolydactyla Cladonia mitis

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Appendix 5b — Lichen Guild Membership (Level 3) continued

Club/Shrub Lichens (con’t) Usnea lapponica Nephroma arcticum Cladonia multiformis Usnea scabrata Peltigera elisabethae Cladonia ochrochlora Usnea subfloridana Peltigera leucophlebia Cladonia phyllophora Usnea substerilis Phaeophyscia hispidula Cladonia pleurota Physcia caesia Cladonia pocillum Old-growth Forest Physcia dubia Cladonia pyxidata Alectoria sarmentosa Ramalina intermedia Cladonia ramulosa Bryoria capillaris Ramalina thrausta Cladonia rangiferina Bryoria fremontii Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca Cladonia rei Cladonia scabriuscula Rhizoplaca melanophthalma Cladonia scabriuscula Cladonia stellaris Stereocaulon tomentosum Cladonia squamosa Cladonia umbricola Umbillicaria muehlenbergii Cladonia stellaris Heterodermia speciosa Xanthoparmelia chlorochroa Cladonia stygia Letharia vulpina Xanthoria elegans Cladonia subulata Nephroma arcticum Cladonia sulphurina Peltigera britannica Conifer/Birch Specialist Cladonia symphycarpia Peltigera evansiana Alectoria sarmentosa Cladonia umbricola Peltigera retifoveata Bryoria capillaris Cladonia uncialis Peltigera scabrosa Bryoria fremontii Cladonia verruculosa Ramalina thrausta Bryoria furcellata Evernia mesomorpha Stereocaulon tomentosum Bryoria fuscescens Ramalina americana Usnea cavernosa Bryoria glabra Ramalina dilacerata Usnea filipendula Bryoria lanestris Ramalina obtusata Usnea scabrata Bryoria pseudofuscescens Ramalina pollinaria Bryoria simplicior Ramalina sinensis Forest Burn Bryoria tortuosa Stereocaulon alpinum Cladonia cervicornis verticillata Bryoria trichodes Stereocaulon grande Cladonia cornuta Cladonia coniocraea Stereocaulon tomentosum Cladonia crispata Cladonia pleurota Evernia mesomorpha Hair Lichen Young Forest Hypogymnia austerodes Alectoria sarmentosa Cetraria ericetorum Hypogymnia bitteri Bryoria capillaris Cladonia arbuscula Hypogymnia enteromorpha Bryoria fremontii Cladonia cariosa Hypogymnia metaphysodes Bryoria furcellata Cladonia cornuta Hypogymnia occidentalis Bryoria fuscescens Cladonia crispata Hypogymnia physodes Bryoria glabra Cladonia mitis Hypogymnia tubulosa Bryoria lanestris Cladonia multiformis Imshaugia aleurites Bryoria pseudofuscescens Cladonia scabriuscula Imshaugia placorodia Bryoria simplicior Cladonia symphycarpia Kaernefeltia merrillii Bryoria tortuosa Parmelia sulcata Letharia vulpina Bryoria trichodes Peltigera didactyla Lobaria linita Letharia vulpina Peltigera evansiana Lobaria pulmonaria Nodobryoria abbreviata Peltigera lepidophora Melanelixia subaurifera Nodobryoria oregana Peltigera leucophlebia Melanohalea septentrionalis Ramalina farinacea Peltigera ponojensis Melanohalea subelegantula Ramalina intermedia Peltigera rufescens Nephroma bellum Ramalina roesleri Nephroma helveticum Ramalina thrausta Rocky Outcrop/Talus Nephroma parile Usnea cavernosa Cetraria aculeata Nephroma resupinatum Usnea filipendula Cetraria ericetorum Nodobryoria abbreviata Usnea glabrata Cladonia amaurocraea Nodobryoria oregana Usnea glabrescens Cladonia macilenta Parmelia sulcata Usnea hirta Hypogymnia austerodes Parmeliopsis ambigua

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Appendix 5b — Lichen Guild Membership (Level 3) continued

Confier/Birch Specialist Ramalina dilacerata Phaeophyscia ciliata (con’t) Ramalina farinacea Phaeophyscia hirsuta Parmeliopsis hyperopta Ramalina intermedia Phaeophyscia hispidula Peltigera aphthosa Ramalina obtusata Phaeophyscia orbicularis Peltigera collina Ramalina pollinaria Physcia adscendens Peltigera neckeri Ramalina sinensis Physcia aipolia Peltigera scabrosa Xanthoria candelaria Physcia biziana Phaeophyscia hispidula Xanthoria fallax Physcia millegrana Physcia adscendens Physcia stellaris Physcia tenella DeciduousTrees Physconia detersa Physconia detersa Candelaria concolor Physconia perisidiosa Physconia perisidiosa Cladonia pleurota Punctelia subrudecta Platismatia glauca Collema furfuraceum Ramalina americana Punctelia subrudecta Flavopunctelia flaventior Ramalina dilacerata Ramalina americana Flavopunctelia soredica Ramalina farinacea Ramalina dilacerata Heterodermia obscurata Ramalina obtusata Ramalina farinacea Heterodermia speciosa Ramalina pollinaria Ramalina obtusata Hypogymnia tubulosa Ramalina roesleri Ramalina pollinaria Leptogium saturninum Ramalina sinensis Ramalina roesleri Lobaria hallii Tuckermannopsis sepincola Ramalina thrausta Lobaria pulmonaria Usnea glabrata Tuckermannopsis americana Melanelia albertana Usnea glabrescens Tuckermannopsis chlorophylla Melanelia olivacea Xanthomendoza fulva Tuckermannopsis ciliaris Melanelia subargentifera Xanthoria candelaria Tuckermannopsis fendleri Melanelia subolivacea Xanthoria fallax Tuckermannopsis orbata Melanelia trabeculata Xanthoria hasseana Tuckermannopsis platyphylla Melanelixia subaurifera Xanthoria polycarpa Tuckermannopsis sepincola Candelaria concolor Tuckermannopsis subalpina Cladonia pleurota Stump/Logs Usnea cavernosa Collema furfuraceum Cetraria ericetorum Usnea filipendula Flavopunctelia flaventior Cladonia bacilliformis Usnea glabrata Flavopunctelia soredica Cladonia bellidiflora Usnea glabrescens Heterodermia obscurata Cladonia borealis Usnea hirta Heterodermia speciosa Cladonia botrytes Usnea lapponica Hypogymnia tubulosa Cladonia carneola Usnea scabrata Leptogium saturninum Cladonia cenotea Usnea subfloridana Lobaria hallii Cladonia cervicornis Vulpicida pinastri Lobaria pulmonaria Cladonia cervicornis verticillata Xanthomendoza fulva Melanelia albertana Cladonia chlorophaea Melanelia olivacea Cladonia coniocraea Nutrient-enriched Melanelia subargentifera Cladonia cornuta Conifer/Birches Trees Melanelia subolivacea Cladonia crispata Lobaria pulmonaria Melanelia trabeculata Cladonia cristatella Melanelia subargentifera Melanelixia subaurifera Cladonia cyanipes Melanelixia subaurifera Melanohalea elegantula Cladonia deformis Melanohalea elegantula Melanohalea exasperata Cladonia digitata Melanohalea exasperatula Melanohalea exasperatula Cladonia fimbriata Nephroma parile Melanohalea septentrionalis Cladonia gracilis turbinata Nephroma resupinatum Melanohalea subelegantula Cladonia macilenta Parmelia sulcata Nephroma helveticum Cladonia ochrochlora Phaeophyscia hirsuta Nephroma parile Cladonia pleurota Physcia adscendens Parmelia sulcata Cladonia pyxidata Physcia aipolia Peltigera collina Cladonia ramulosa Physcia tenella Phaeophyscia adiastola Cladonia rei

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Appendix 5b — Lichen Guild Membership (Level 3) continued

Stumps/Logs (con’t) Granite/Silica rock Cladonia acuminata Cladonia squamosa Cladonia amaurocraea Cladonia amaurocraea Cladonia subulata Cladonia furcata Cladonia arbuscula Cladonia sulphurina Cladonia gracilis gracilis Cladonia bacilliformis Cladonia umbricola Cladonia mitis Cladonia bellidiflora Lobaria pulmonaria Cladonia pyxidata Cladonia borealis Parmelia sulcata Cladonia rangiferina Cladonia cervicornis Parmeliopsis ambigua Cladonia scabriuscula Cladonia cervicornis verticillata Parmeliopsis hyperopta Cladonia uncialis Cladonia chlorophaea Peltigera horizontalis Collema furfuraceum Cladonia cornuta Peltigera leucophlebia Nephroma bellum Cladonia crispata Peltigera membranacea Nephroma helveticum Cladonia cristatella Peltigera neckeri Nephroma parile Cladonia cyanipes Peltigera neopolydactyla Nephroma resupinatum Cladonia decorticata Peltigera praetextata Parmelia sulcata Cladonia ecmocyna Physcia caesia Peltigera aphthosa Cladonia furcata Physcia dubia Peltigera britannica Cladonia gracilis elongata Ramalina dilacerata Peltigera praetextata Cladonia gracilis turbinata Xanthomendoza fulva Peltigera scabrosa Cladonia macilenta Phaeophyscia adiastola Cladonia macrophyllodes Human-modifed Phaeophyscia constipata Cladonia mateocyatha Candelaria concolor Physcia millegrana Cladonia mitis Cladonia verruculosa Physcia phaea Cladonia multiformis Evernia mesomorpha Physcia tenella Cladonia phyllophora Parmelia sulcata Punctelia subrudecta Cladonia pyxidata Peltigera didactyla Ramalina obtusata Cladonia rangiferina Peltigera leucophlebia Ramalina pollinaria Cladonia rei Phaeophyscia orbicularis Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca Cladonia scabriuscula Vulpicida pinastri Rhizoplaca melanophthalma Cladonia stellaris Xanthoria candelaria Stereocaulon grande Cladonia subulata Xanthoria fallax Vulpicida pinastri Cladonia symphycarpia Xanthoparmelia wyomingica Cladonia uncialis Limestone/Calcium-rich rocks Cladonia verruculosa Aspicilia hispidia Calcium-rich soils Flavocetraria cucullata Collema furfuraceum Aspicilia hispidia Flavocetraria nivalis Melanelia subargentifera Cladonia cariosa Lobaria linita Nephroma bellum Cladonia pocillum Nephroma arcticum Nephroma helveticum Cladonia symphycarpia Peltigera aphthosa Nephroma parile Peltigera didactyla Peltigera britannica Nephroma resupinatum Peltigera horizontalis Peltigera canina Parmelia sulcata Peltigera lepidophora Peltigera cinnamomea Peltigera horizontalis Peltigera leucophlebia Peltigera elisabethae Peltigera leucophlebia Peltigera ponojensis Peltigera evansiana Peltigera praetextata Peltigera praetextata Peltigera kristinssonii Physcia biziana Peltigera rufescens Peltigera malacea Physcia caesia Physconia muscigena Peltigera neopolydactyla Physcia dubia Ramalina intermedia Peltigera praetextata Physcia tenella Solorina saccata Peltigera scabrosa Physconia muscigena Xanthoparmelia chlorochroa Peltigera venosa Ramalina obtusata Phaeophyscia constipata Ramalina pollinaria Acidic Soils Ramalina intermedia Solorina saccata Cetraria aculeata Stereocaulon alpinum Xanthoria candelaria Cetraria arenaria Stereocaulon grande Cetraria ericetorum Stereocaulon tomentosum

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Appendix 5b — Lichen Guild Membership (Level 3) continued

Acidic Soils (cont’d) Bryoria simplicior Xanthoparmelia chlorochroa Bryoria tortuosa High Responsibility Xanthoparmelia wyomingica Bryoria trichodes Melanelia albertana Cladonia arbuscula Melanelixia subaurifera Important for Wildlife Cladonia mitis Peltigera kristinssonii Alectoria sarmentosa Cladonia rangiferina Bryoria capillaris Cladonia stellaris Wetland Forest Bryoria fremontii Cladonia stygia Bryoria capillaris Bryoria furcellata Letharia vulpina Cladonia digitata Bryoria fuscescens Nephroma arcticum Lobaria hallii Bryoria glabra Peltigera aphthosa Melanelia trabeculata Bryoria lanestris Peltigera canina Peltigera neopolydactyla Bryoria pseudofuscescens Umbillicaria muehlenbergii Ramalina thrausta Bryoria simplicior Usnea cavernosa Usnea glabrata Bryoria trichodes Usnea filipendula Cetraria ericetorum Usnea glabrata Riverine Forest Cladonia amaurocraea Usnea glabrescens Bryoria capillaris Cladonia arbuscula Usnea hirta Nephroma helveticum Cladonia gracilis elongata Usnea lapponica Nephroma resupinatum Cladonia gracilis gracilis Usnea scabrata Peltigera collina Cladonia gracilis turbinata Usnea subfloridana Peltigera venosa Cladonia mitis Xanthoria elegans Ramalina farinacea Cladonia rangiferina Ramalina intermedia Cladonia stellaris Uncommon Ramalina obtusata Cladonia stygia Cetraria arenaria Ramalina pollinaria Lobaria linita Cladonia cyanipes Ramalina roesleri Ramalina americana Cladonia decorticata Solorina saccata Ramalina dilacerata Cladonia digitata Ramalina farinacea Cladonia gracilis gracilis Dispersal Limited Ramalina intermedia Cladonia macilenta Alectoria sarmentosa Ramalina obtusata Cladonia rei Bryoria fremontii Ramalina pollinaria Cladonia squamosa Cetraria arenaria Ramalina roesleri Cladonia stygia Cladonia acuminata Ramalina thrausta Cladonia umbricola Cladonia amaurocraea Stereocaulon alpinum Flavopunctelia soredica Cladonia decorticata Stereocaulon grande Heterodermia obscurata Cladonia scabriuscula Stereocaulon tomentosum Heterodermia speciosa Cladonia squamosa Usnea cavernosa Hypogymnia enteromorpha Peltigera evansiana Usnea filipendula Imshaugia placorodia Usnea cavernosa Usnea glabrata Lobaria hallii Usnea filipendula Usnea glabrescens Lobaria pulmonaria Xanthoparmelia chlorochroa Usnea hirta Melanelia olivacea Usnea lapponica Nephroma bellum Vulernable to Snow Cover Usnea scabrata Peltigera collina Cetraria aculeata Usnea subfloridana Peltigera horizontalis Cetraria arenaria Peltigera polydactyla Cladonia arbuscula Culturally Important Phaeophyscia adiastola Cladonia botrytes Bryoria capillaris Phaeophyscia hirsuta Cladonia cariosa Bryoria fremontii Physcia biziana Cladonia cervicornis Bryoria furcellata Ramalina dilacerata Cladonia cervicornis verticillata Bryoria fuscescens Ramalina intermedia Cladonia mitis Bryoria glabra Ramalina obtusata Cladonia multiformis Bryoria lanestris Xanthomendoza fulva Cladonia rangiferina Bryoria pseudofuscescens Xanthoria hasseana Cladonia rei

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Appendix 5b — Lichen Guild Membership (Level 3) continued

Vulernable to Snow Cover Sensitive to Industrial Air Sensitive to Agriculture Air (con’t) Pollution Pollution Cladonia scabriuscula Bryoria capillaris Alectoria sarmentosa Peltigera collina Bryoria fremontii Bryoria capillaris Peltigera didactyla Flavopunctelia flaventior Bryoria fremontii Peltigera elisabethae Flavopunctelia soredica Bryoria furcellata Peltigera horizontalis Heterodermia speciosa Bryoria fuscescens Peltigera kristinssonii Lobaria hallii Bryoria glabra Peltigera lepidophora Lobaria linita Bryoria lanestris Peltigera leucophlebia Lobaria pulmonaria Bryoria pseudofuscescens Peltigera malacea Melanelia albertana Bryoria simplicior Peltigera neckeri Melanelia subargentifera Bryoria tortuosa Peltigera ponojensis Nephroma helveticum Flavopunctelia flaventior Peltigera praetextata Nephroma parile Flavopunctelia soredica Peltigera rufescens Nephroma resupinatum Hypogymnia metaphysodes Physcia caesia Peltigera aphthosa Imshaugia aleurites Physcia dubia Phaeophyscia hirsuta Imshaugia placorodia Physconia muscigena Phaeophyscia orbicularis Kaernefeltia merrillii Physconia perisidiosa Punctelia subrudecta Leptogium saturninum Ramalina intermedia Ramalina dilacerata Lobaria hallii Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca Ramalina farinacea Lobaria linita Rhizoplaca melanophthalma Ramalina intermedia Lobaria pulmonaria Xanthoparmelia chlorochroa Ramalina obtusata Ramalina thrausta Xanthoria elegans Ramalina pollinaria Tuckermannopsis americana Ramalina sinensis Tuckermannopsis ciliaris Vulernable to Trampling Ramalina thrausta Tuckermannopsis orbata Cetraria aculeata Solorina saccata Tuckermannopsis platyphylla Cetraria arenaria Usnea cavernosa Cetraria ericetorum Usnea filipendula Cladonia uncialis Usnea scabrata

ABMI SPECIES PYRAMID GUILD DEFINITIONS AND SPECIES LISTS 63 THE ALBERTA BIODIVERSITY MONITORING INSTITUTE WWW.ABMI.CA

Appendix 6a — Bryophytes Guild Membership (Level 4)

Forest Bryoerythrophyllum Amblystegium serpens recurvirostre Aquatic/Riparian/Littoral Anastrophyllum helleranum Nardia geoscyphus Brachythecium rivulare Aulacomnium androgynum Orthothecium chryseum Conocephalum conicum Brachythecium acutum Cratoneuron filicinum Brachythecium digastrum Peat-forming Wetlands Dichodontium pellucidum Brachythecium erythrorrhizon Calypogeja sphagnicola Hygrohypnum ochraceum Brachythecium frigidum Cephalozia lunulifolia Leptodictyum riparium Brachythecium reflexum Cladopodiella fluitans Pohlia wahlenbergii Brachythecium velutinum Lophozia laxa Bryohaplocladium microphyllum Mylia anomala HabitatGeneralist Bryum flaccidum Pohlia sphagnicola Abietinella abietina Callicladium haldanianum Polytrichum strictum Aulacomnium palustre Campylium chrysophyllum Sphagnum angustifolium Barbilophozia barbata Chiloscyphus pallescens Sphagnum fuscum Barbilophozia hatcheri Chiloscyphus polyanthos Sphagnum magellanicum Barbilophozia kunzeana Dicranum fuscescens Sphagnum riparium Barbilophozia lycopodioides Dicranum montanum Barbula convoluta Dicranum polysetum Non Peat-forming Wetlands Barbula unguiculata Dicranum scoparium Aneura pinguis Blepharostoma trichophyllum Eurhynchium pulchellum Brachythecium mildeanum Brachythecium albicans Herzogiella turfacea Calliergon cordifolium Brachythecium campestre Hypnum pallescens Calliergon giganteum Brachythecium plumosum Jungermannia lanceolata Calliergon richardsonii Brachythecium populeum Lophocolea bidentata Calliergon stramineum Brachythecium salebrosum Lophozia ascendens Calypogeja muelleriana Brachythecium starkei Lophozia excisa Calypogeja neesiana Brachythecium turgidum Lophozia incisa Campylium stellatum Bryum algovicum Lophozia longidens Catoscopium nigritum Bryum argenteum Lophozia ventricosa Cinclidium stygium Bryum caespiticium Mnium marginatum Drepanocladus aduncus Bryum lisae var. cuspidatum Mnium spinulosum Drepanocladus brevifolius Bryum pallens Myurella sibirica Geocalyx graveolens Bryum pseudotriquetrum Odontoschisma denudatum Hamatocaulis vernicosus Campylium hispidulum Orthotrichum obtusifolium Helodium blandowii Campylium polygamum Orthotrichum speciosum Hypnum pratense Campylium radicale Plagiomnium cuspidatum Lepidozia reptans Cephalozia bicuspidata Plagiomnium drummondii Limprichtia revolvens Cephalozia catenulata Platygyrium repens Meesia triquetra Cephalozia connivens Ptilium crista-castrensis Moerckia hibernica Cephalozia pleniceps Pylaisiella polyantha Plagiomnium ellipticum Cephaloziella divaricata Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus Rhizomnium gracile Cephaloziella hampeana Scapania glaucocephala Scapania paludicola Cephaloziella rubella Schistostega pennata Sphagnum fallax Cephaloziella subdentata Sphagnum girgensohnii Sphagnum russowii Ceratodon purpureus Thuidium delicatulum Sphagnum squarrosum Climacium dendroides Sphagnum teres Cynodontium strumiferum Grassland/Meadow Sphagnum warnstorfii Dicranella cerviculata Astomum muhlenbergianum Sphagnum wulfianum Dicranella schreberiana Polytrichum piliferum Tomentypnum falcifolium Dicranum acutifolium Tomentypnum nitens Dicranum bonjeanii Alpine/Arctic Warnstorfia exannulata Dicranum elongatum Barbilophozia quadriloba Warnstorfia fluitans Dicranum flagellare

ABMI SPECIES PYRAMID GUILD DEFINITIONS AND SPECIES LISTS 64 THE ALBERTA BIODIVERSITY MONITORING INSTITUTE WWW.ABMI.CA

Appendix 6a — Bryophytes Guild Membership (Level 4) (con’t)

HabitatGeneralist (con’t) Marchantia polymorpha Riccardia palmata Dicranum fragilifolium Meesia uliginosa Sanionia uncinata Dicranum muehlenbeckii Mnium lycopodioides Scapania irrigua Dicranum spadiceum Myurella julacea Scapania mucronata Dicranum undulatum Oncophorus wahlenbergii Sphagnum capillifolium Didymodon rigidulus Plagiochila asplenioides Sphagnum centrale Distichium capillaceum Plagiomnium medium Sphagnum fimbriatum Ditrichum flexicaule Plagiomnium rostratum Splachnum luteum Funaria hygrometrica Plagiothecium denticulatum Splachnum rubrum Hylocomium splendens Plagiothecium laetum Splachnum sphaericum Hypnum bambergeri Platydictya jungermannioides Tetraphis pellucida Hypnum cupressiforme Pleurozium schreberi Tetraplodon angustatus Hypnum lindbergii Pogonatum dentatum Tetraplodon mnioides Hypnum recurvatum Pohlia bulbifera Thuidium recognitum Hypnum revolutum Pohlia cruda Timmia austriaca Isopterygiopsis pulchella Pohlia nutans Tortella fragilis Jamesoniella autumnalis Polytrichum commune Tortula ruralis Leptobryum pyriforme Polytrichum juniperinum Tritomaria exsectiformis Leptodictyum humile Ptilidium ciliare Tritomaria quinquedentata Lophocolea heterophylla Ptilidium pulcherrimum Tritomaria scitula Lophocolea minor Racomitrium canescens Lophozia heterocolpos Rhizomnium pseudopunctatum Non-Native Lophozia obtusa Riccardia latifrons not applicable

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Appendix 6b — Bryophytes Guild Membership (Level 3)

Old-Growth Brachythecium acutum Pohlia cruda Anastrophyllum helleranum Brachythecium plumosum Pohlia nutans Barbilophozia lycopodioides Brachythecium reflexum Polytrichum juniperinum Brachythecium starkei Bryum flaccidum Polytrichum piliferum Callicladium haldanianum Callicladium haldanianum Racomitrium canescens Dicranum fuscescens Calypogeja muelleriana Sphagnum riparium Dicranum polysetum Calypogeja neesiana Tortula ruralis Dicranum scoparium Campylium polygamum Hylocomium splendens Campylium radicale On Stumps, Logs, or Tip-up Mnium spinulosum Cephaloziella subdentata Mounds Oncophorus wahlenbergii Chiloscyphus pallescens Amblystegium serpens Plagiomnium cuspidatum Chiloscyphus polyanthos Anastrophyllum helleranum Pleurozium schreberi Cinclidium stygium Aulacomnium androgynum Ptilidium pulcherrimum Conocephalum conicum Barbilophozia lycopodioides Ptilium crista-castrensis Dicranum muehlenbeckii Brachythecium erythrorrhizon Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus Dicranum spadiceum Brachythecium frigidum Schistostega pennata Hygrohypnum ochraceum Bryohaplocladium microphyllum Thuidium delicatulum Lophozia heterocolpos Bryum algovicum Lophozia obtusa Bryum flaccidum Forest Burns Moerckia hibernica Callicladium haldanianum Aulacomnium androgynum Myurella sibirica Campylium chrysophyllum Barbula convoluta Pohlia bulbifera Campylium hispidulum Ceratodon purpureus Riccardia latifrons Cephalozia catenulata Funaria hygrometrica Riccardia palmata Cephalozia connivens Marchantia polymorpha Scapania glaucocephala Cephalozia lunulifolia Pohlia nutans Scapania paludicola Cephaloziella divaricata Polytrichum juniperinum Schistostega pennata Dicranum fragilifolium Polytrichum piliferum Sphagnum fallax Dicranum fuscescens Splachnum luteum Dicranum montanum Early Seral Splachnum rubrum Herzogiella turfacea Brachythecium salebrosum Splachnum sphaericum Hypnum cupressiforme Bryoerythrophyllum Isopterygiopsis pulchella recurvirostre High Responsibility Jamesoniella autumnalis Bryum argenteum Not applicable Lepidozia reptans Bryum caespiticium Lophocolea bidentata Bryum lisae var. cuspidatum Human-modifed Lophocolea heterophylla Ceratodon purpureus Astomum muhlenbergianum Lophozia ascendens Dicranella cerviculata Aulacomnium androgynum Lophozia incisa Funaria hygrometrica Barbula convoluta Lophozia longidens Hypnum revolutum Barbula unguiculata Lophozia ventricosa Leptobryum pyriforme Brachythecium salebrosum Mnium lycopodioides Marchantia polymorpha Bryoerythrophyllum Mnium marginatum Pohlia bulbifera recurvirostre Mnium spinulosum Pohlia cruda Bryum argenteum Odontoschisma denudatum Pohlia nutans Bryum caespiticium Oncophorus wahlenbergii Polytrichum juniperinum Bryum lisae var. cuspidatum Plagiothecium laetum Polytrichum piliferum Bryum pallens Platygyrium repens Racomitrium canescens Ceratodon purpureus Ptilidium pulcherrimum Tortula ruralis Dicranella schreberiana Riccardia latifrons Funaria hygrometrica Riccardia palmata Uncommon Leptobryum pyriforme Scapania glaucocephala Anastrophyllum helleranum Marchantia polymorpha Scapania irrigua Astomum muhlenbergianum Plagiomnium rostratum Schistostega pennata Barbilophozia quadriloba Pogonatum dentatum Tetraphis pellucida

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Appendix 6b — Bryophytes Guild Membership (Level 3) (con’t)

Sensitive to prolonged Moerckia hibernica Polytrichum juniperinum drought Mylia anomala Polytrichum piliferum Anastrophyllum helleranum Plagiochila asplenioides Racomitrium canescens Aneura pinguis Plagiomnium ellipticum Sphagnum angustifolium Aulacomnium palustre Plagiomnium medium Sphagnum capillifolium Blepharostoma trichophyllum Plagiothecium denticulatum Sphagnum centrale Brachythecium erythrorrhizon Plagiothecium laetum Sphagnum fallax Brachythecium frigidum Platydictya jungermannioides Sphagnum fimbriatum Brachythecium mildeanum Pohlia sphagnicola Sphagnum fuscum Brachythecium rivulare Pohlia wahlenbergii Sphagnum girgensohnii Brachythecium turgidum Polytrichum strictum Sphagnum jensenii Bryum pseudotriquetrum Rhizomnium gracile Sphagnum magellanicum Calliergon cordifolium Rhizomnium pseudopunctatum Sphagnum riparium Calliergon giganteum Riccardia latifrons Sphagnum russowii Calliergon richardsonii Riccardia palmata Sphagnum squarrosum Calliergon stramineum Scapania glaucocephala Sphagnum teres Calypogeja muelleriana Scapania paludicola Sphagnum warnstorfii Calypogeja neesiana Schistostega pennata Sphagnum wulfianum Calypogeja sphagnicola Sphagnum angustifolium Tortula ruralis Campylium radicale Sphagnum capillifolium Campylium stellatum Sphagnum centrale Epiphytic Catoscopium nigritum Sphagnum fallax Brachythecium albicans Cephalozia connivens Sphagnum fimbriatum Orthotrichum obtusifolium Cephalozia lunulifolia Sphagnum fuscum Orthotrichum speciosum Cephaloziella subdentata Sphagnum girgensohnii Pylaisiella polyantha Chiloscyphus pallescens Sphagnum jensenii Chiloscyphus polyanthos Sphagnum magellanicum Grow on Tree Bases Cinclidium stygium Sphagnum riparium Amblystegium serpens Cladopodiella fluitans Sphagnum russowii Barbilophozia barbata Climacium dendroides Sphagnum squarrosum Brachythecium acutum Conocephalum conicum Sphagnum teres Brachythecium campestre Cratoneuron filicinum Sphagnum warnstorfii Brachythecium erythrorrhizon Dichodontium pellucidum Sphagnum wulfianum Brachythecium frigidum Drepanocladus aduncus Splachnum luteum Brachythecium salebrosum Drepanocladus brevifolius Splachnum rubrum Callicladium haldanianum Geocalyx graveolens Splachnum sphaericum Campylium chrysophyllum Hamatocaulis vernicosus Tomentypnum falcifolium Dicranum flagellare Helodium blandowii Tomentypnum nitens Eurhynchium pulchellum Hygrohypnum ochraceum Tritomaria exsectiformis Hypnum pallescens Hypnum pratense Warnstorfia exannulata Mnium marginatum Lepidozia reptans Warnstorfia fluitans Plagiomnium cuspidatum Leptobryum pyriforme Plagiomnium drummondii Leptodictyum humile Low productivity Plagiothecium denticulatum Leptodictyum riparium Abietinella abietina Plagiothecium laetum Limprichtia revolvens Astomum muhlenbergianum Platygyrium repens Lophocolea bidentata Bryum argenteum Ptilidium pulcherrimum Lophocolea minor Bryum caespiticium Thuidium delicatulum Lophozia heterocolpos Cephaloziella hampeana Lophozia obtusa Ceratodon purpureus Lophozia ventricosa Hypnum revolutum Marchantia polymorpha Jungermannia lanceolata Meesia triquetra Pogonatum dentatum Meesia uliginosa Pohlia nutans

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Appendix 6b — Bryophytes Guild Membership (Level 3) (con’t)

Terrestrial Riparian Lophocolea minor Scapania mucronata Barbula unguiculata Lophozia heterocolpos Sphagnum magellanicum Brachythecium rivulare Lophozia obtusa Tetraphis pellucida Bryum pseudotriquetrum Meesia triquetra Thuidium delicatulum Cephalozia bicuspidata Meesia uliginosa Tritomaria exsectiformis Conocephalum conicum Mnium marginatum Tritomaria quinquedentata Cratoneuron filicinum Moerckia hibernica Warnstorfia fluitans Dichodontium pellucidum Myurella julacea Dicranum flagellare Myurella sibirica Rich Organic Substrates Hygrohypnum ochraceum Orthothecium chryseum Bryum algovicum Isopterygiopsis pulchella Plagiochila asplenioides Splachnum luteum Leptodictyum humile Plagiomnium rostratum Splachnum rubrum Leptodictyum riparium Platydictya jungermannioides Splachnum sphaericum Orthothecium chryseum Rhizomnium gracile Tetraplodon angustatus Plagiomnium medium Rhizomnium pseudopunctatum Tetraplodon mnioides Plagiomnium rostratum Scapania mucronata Pogonatum dentatum Scapania paludicola Shade intolerant Pohlia wahlenbergii Sphagnum centrale Abietinella abietina Sphagnum jensenii Barbula convoluta Calcareous/basic Substrates Sphagnum squarrosum Barbula unguiculata Abietinella abietina Sphagnum teres Brachythecium digastrum Aneura pinguis Sphagnum warnstorfii Bryum argenteum Barbilophozia lycopodioides Timmia austriaca Bryum caespiticium Barbula convoluta Tomentypnum nitens Catoscopium nigritum Barbula unguiculata Tortula ruralis Pogonatum dentatum Blepharostoma trichophyllum Tritomaria quinquedentata Brachythecium turgidum Tritomaria scitula Rock Outcrops/Talus Slopes Bryoerythrophyllum Abietinella abietina recurvirostre Acid Substrates Barbilophozia barbata Bryum algovicum Barbilophozia barbata Barbilophozia kunzeana Bryum pallens Barbilophozia hatcheri Brachythecium erythrorrhizon Bryum pseudotriquetrum Barbilophozia kunzeana Brachythecium frigidum Calliergon giganteum Barbilophozia lycopodioides Bryoerythrophyllum Campylium stellatum Brachythecium plumosum recurvirostre Catoscopium nigritum Brachythecium populeum Bryum algovicum Cephalozia catenulata Cephalozia bicuspidata Campylium chrysophyllum Chiloscyphus pallescens Cephalozia connivens Cynodontium strumiferum Chiloscyphus polyanthos Cephalozia lunulifolia Dicranella schreberiana Cinclidium stygium Cephaloziella divaricata Dicranum fragilifolium Cratoneuron filicinum Cladopodiella fluitans Dicranum muehlenbeckii Dicranella schreberiana Dichodontium pellucidum Didymodon rigidulus Didymodon rigidulus Dicranella cerviculata Distichium capillaceum Distichium capillaceum Hygrohypnum ochraceum Ditrichum flexicaule Ditrichum flexicaule Jungermannia lanceolata Hypnum bambergeri Hamatocaulis vernicosus Lophozia ascendens Hypnum cupressiforme Helodium blandowii Lophozia excisa Hypnum recurvatum Hypnum bambergeri Lophozia ventricosa Hypnum revolutum Hypnum cupressiforme Mylia anomala Isopterygiopsis pulchella Hypnum lindbergii Nardia geoscyphus Jungermannia lanceolata Hypnum pratense Odontoschisma denudatum Lophozia heterocolpos Hypnum recurvatum Pogonatum dentatum Lophozia incisa Hypnum revolutum Ptilidium ciliare Lophozia longidens Isopterygiopsis pulchella Racomitrium canescens Mnium lycopodioides Limprichtia revolvens Scapania irrigua Mnium marginatum

ABMI SPECIES PYRAMID GUILD DEFINITIONS AND SPECIES LISTS 68 THE ALBERTA BIODIVERSITY MONITORING INSTITUTE WWW.ABMI.CA

Appendix 6b — Bryophytes Guild Membership (Level 3) (con’t)

Rock Outcrops/Talus Slopes Plagiothecium laetum (cont’d) Pohlia cruda Sensitive to Pollution Myurella julacea Racomitrium canescens Hylocomium splendens Myurella sibirica Scapania mucronata Orthotrichum obtusifolium Odontoschisma denudatum Tortella fragilis Orthotrichum speciosum Orthothecium chryseum Tortula ruralis Scapania mucronata Plagiomnium rostratum Tritomaria scitula

ABMI SPECIES PYRAMID GUILD DEFINITIONS AND SPECIES LISTS 69 THE ALBERTA BIODIVERSITY MONITORING INSTITUTE WWW.ABMI.CA

Appendix 7 — Resources Used To Develop ABMI Guilds Related and Supporting Resources for Mammals and Birds

Species Identification NatureServe Code — From the NatureServe web site (http://www.natureserve.org/getData/animalData.jsp). Missing species (eg. domestic and introduced species) given a number so they fit where they belonged taxonomically in the NatureServe list. Class — from the NatureServe web site http://www.natureserve.org/getData/animalData.jsp. Classes for species not included by NatureServe were determined from Godfrey 1986, Semenchuk 1992, Banfield 1974, Pattie and Hoffmann 1992, Russell and Bauer 1993, Smith 1993, plus the internet for species not present in the reference guides. Order — same sources as that for Class. Family — same sources as that for Class. Scientific Name — Same sources as that for Class. Common Name — From Alberta Sustainable Resource Development 2000. Common names for species not included in Alberta Sustainable Resource Development 2000 were determined for birds from Godfrey 1986, Semenchuk 1992, for mammals from Banfield 1974, Pattie and Hoffmann 1992, and Smith 1993, and for amphibians and reptiles from Russell and Bauer 1993. Names form the internet were used for species that were not present in the reference guides. Species Code — 4-letter code consisting of the first letters from the species “Common” name. Where possible species codes for birds follow the American Ornithologists’ Union (http://www.aou.org/resources/). Alberta Status — From Alberta Sustainable Resource Development 2000. Introduced species that were not included in General Status of Alberta Wild Species 2000 were classified as exotic. Three species (Wood Duck, Eurasian Wigeon, House Finch) were classified incorrectly by Alberta Sustainable Resource Development 2000 — these species were classified exotic in the database. Natural Regions In Which The Species Breeds — Species were classified as 1 for present through natural region, and 9 for present in only a small portion of the regions Shield, Boreal, Mountains, Foothills, Parkland, Grassland in Alberta. Classification was based on information for birds from Godfrey 1986, Semenchuk 1992, for mammals from Banfield 1974, Pattie and Hoffmann 1992, and Smith 1993, and for amphibians and reptiles from Russell and Bauer 1993.

Guilds Based On General Habitat Use Forest Specialists — Classified based on information on birds from Bellrose 1980, Godfrey 1986, Semenchuk 1992, Gauthier and Aubry 1996, Campbell et al. 1990a, 1990b, 1997, 2001, for mammals from Banfield 1974, Pattie and Hoffmann 1992, Smith 1993, and for amphibians and reptiles from Nussbaum et al. 1983, Russell and Bauer 1993. This information was supplemented by information in Alberta Sustainable Resource Development 2000, and information in the NatureServe web site (http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/servlet/NatureServe?init=Species). Grassland Specialists — The same information sources as used that for Forest Specialists. Alpine Specialists — The same information sources as used that for Forest Specialists. Bog Specialists — The same information sources as used that for Forest Specialists. Wetland/Aquatic Specialists — The same information sources as used that for Forest Specialists.

ABMI SPECIES PYRAMID GUILD DEFINITIONS AND SPECIES LISTS 70 THE ALBERTA BIODIVERSITY MONITORING INSTITUTE WWW.ABMI.CA

Generalists Specialists — The same information sources as used that for Forest Specialists. Exotic Species — The same information sources as used that for the Natural Regions Classification.

Guilds Based On Use Of Specific Habitat Characteristics Old Forest Specialists — The same information sources as used that for Forest Specialists. Forest Burn Specialists — The same information sources as used that for Forest Specialists. Young Forest Specialists — The same information sources as used that for Forest Specialists. Interior Forest Specialists — The same information sources as used that for Forest Specialists, plus Freemark and Collins 1991. Forest Edge Specialists — The same information sources as used that for Forest Specialists, plus Freemark and Collins 1991. Cavity Nesting Species — The same information sources as used that for Forest Specialists.

Guilds Based On Use Of Wetland Characteristics Wetland Specialists — The same information sources as used that for Forest Specialists. Aquatic Specialists — The same information sources as used that for Forest Specialists.

Guilds Based On Migratory Behavior Neotropical Migrant — Based on information from Environment Canada’s web site (http://map.on.ec.gc.ca/wildspace/hemi-ims.html) with supplementation from the NatureServe web site (http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/servlet/NatureServe?init=Species) for information was not presented by Environment Canada. Short-Distance Migrant — The same information sources as used that for Neotropical Migrants. Winter Resident — Based on information on birds from Godfrey 1986, Semenchuk 1992, for mammals from Banfield 1974, Smith 1993, and Pattie and Hoffmann 1992, and for amphibians and reptiles from Russell and Bauer 1993. Cliff Specialists — The same information sources as used that for Forest Specialists. Riparian Specialists — The same information sources as used that for Forest Specialists. Human Associated Species — The same information sources as used that for Forest Specialists. Irruptive (Cyclic) Species — Based on information from Boutin et al. 1995, with supplementation from Bellrose 1980, Godfrey 1986, Semenchuk 1992, Gauthier and Aubry 1996, Campbell et al. 1990a, 1990b, 1997, 2001, for mammals from Banfield 1974, Pattie and Hoffmann 1992, Smith 1993, and for amphibians and reptiles from Nussbaum et al. 1983, Russell and Bauer 1993. Habitat Engineers — The same information sources as used that for Forest Specialists. Carnivores — The same information sources as used that for Forest Specialists. Game Species — The same information sources as used that for Forest Specialists. Species Of Management Concern in Alberta — The same information sources as used that for Alberta Status. Species That Alberta Has A High Responsibility For — Based on information for birds from Environment Canada’s web site http://map.on.ec.gc.ca/wildspace/hemi-ims.html plus and Godfrey 1986, Semenchuk 1992, mammals from Banfield 1974, Pattie and Hoffmann 1992, and Smith 1993, and amphibians and reptiles from Russell and Bauer 1993. If information was not available from these primary sources, then NatureServe web site (http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/servlet/NatureServe?init=Species) was used.

ABMI SPECIES PYRAMID GUILD DEFINITIONS AND SPECIES LISTS 71 THE ALBERTA BIODIVERSITY MONITORING INSTITUTE WWW.ABMI.CA

Related and Supporting Resources for Vertebrates Alberta Environmental Protection. 1994. Natural regions, subregions and natural history themes of Alberta: a classification for protected areas management. Alberta Environmental Protection, Edmonton, AB. Alberta Sustainable Resource Development. 2000. The general status of Alberta wild species: 2000. Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, Edmonton, AB. Banfield, A.W. 1994. The mammals of Canada. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, ON. Beckingham, J.D., and Archibald, J.H. 1996. Field guide to ecosites of northern Alberta. Canadian Forest Service, Northwest Region, Special Report 5, Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, AB. Bellrose, F.C. 1980. Ducks, geese and swans of North America. Stackpole Books, Washington, DC. Boutin, S. C.J. Krebs, R. Boonstra, M.R. Dale, S.J. Hannon, K. Martin, A.R. Sinclair, J.N. Smith, R. Turkington, M. Blower, A. Byrom, F.I. Doyle, C. Doyle, D. Hik, L. Hofer, A. Hubbs, T. Karels, D.L. Murray, V. Nams, M. O’Donoghue, C. Rohner, and S. Schweiger. Population changes of the vertebrate community during a snowshoe hare cycle in Canada’s boreal forest. Oikos 74:69–80. Campbell, R.W., N.K. Dawe, I. McTaggart-Cowan, J.M. Cooper, G.W. Kaiser, M.C. McNall, and G.J. Smith. 1990a. Birds of British Columbia. Volume I. Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, B.C. Campbell, R.W., N.K. Dawe, I. McTaggart-Cowan, J.M. Cooper, G.W. Kaiser, M.C. McNall, and G.J. Smith. 1990b. Birds of British Columbia. Volume II. Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, B.C. Campbell, R.W., N.K. Dawe, I. McTaggart-Cowan, J.M. Cooper, G.W. Kaiser, M.C. McNall, and G.J. Smith. 1997. Birds of British Columbia. Volume III. Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, B.C. Campbell, R.W., N.K. Dawe, I. McTaggart-Cowan, J.M. Cooper, G.W. Kaiser, A.C. Stewart, and M.C. McNall. 2001. Birds of British Columbia. Volume IV. Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, B.C. Freemark, K., and B. Collins. 1991. Landscape ecology of birds breeding in temperate forest fragments. Pages 443–454. In Ecology and conservation of neotropical migrants. Edt. J.M. Hagan and D.W. Johnston. Smithsonian Institute Press, Washington, DC. Godfrey, W.E. 1986. The birds of Canada. National Museums of Canada. Ottawa, Ont. Gauthier, J., and Y. Aubry. 1996. The breeding birds of Quebec. Canadian Wildlife Service, Montreal, QE. Nussbaum, R.A., E.D. Brodie, and R.M. Storm. Amphibians and reptiles of the Pacific northwest. University of Idaho Press, Moscow, ID. Pattie, D.L., and R.S. Hoffmann. 1992. Mammals of the North American parks and prairies. D.L. Pattie, Edmonton, AB. Russell, A.P., and A.M. Bauer. 1993. The amphibians and reptiles of Alberta. University of Calgary Press, Calgary, AB. Semenchuk, G.P. 1992. The atlas of breeding birds of Alberta. Federation of Alberta Naturalists, Edmonton, AB. Smith, H.G. 1993. Alberta mammals: an atlas and guide. The Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, AB.

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Related and Supporting Resources for Vascular Plants, Lichens and Bryophytes Alberta Natural Heritage Information Centre’s database. Community Development, Governement of Alberta. Available at: http://www.cd.gov.ab.ca/preserving/parks/anhic/flashindex.asp [August 2006]. Agriculture Canada. 1979. Budd's Flora of the Canadian Prairie Provinces. Asada, T., B.G. Warner, and A. Banner. 2004. Sphagnum invasion after clear-cutting and excavator mounding in a hypermaritime forest of British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34:1730–1746. Beaudry, L., R. Coupe, C. Delong, and J. Pojar. 1999. Plant indicator guide for northern British Columbia: Boreal, Sub-boreal, and subalpine biogeoclimatic zones. Available at: http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hfd/pubs/Docs/Lmh/Lmh46.pdf [August 2006]. Best, K. F. and A. C. Budd. 1964. Common Weeds of the Canadian Prairies: Aids to Identification by Vegetative Characteristics. Brodo, I. M. 1991. Studies in the lichen genus Ochrolechia. 2. Corticolous species of North America. Brodo, I.M., S.D. Sharnoff, and S. Sharnoff. 2001. Lichens of North America. Budd, A. C., and K. F. Best. 1964. Wild Plants of the Canadian Prairies. Crum, H.A., and L.E. Anderson. 1981. Mosses of Eastern North America Cody, W. J. and D. M. Britton. 1989. Ferns and Fern Allies of Canada. Cormack, R. G. H. 1967. Wild Flowers of Alberta Currah, R., A. Smreciu and M. Van Dyk. 1983. Prairie Wild Flowers. Daniels, R.E., and A. Eddy. 1985. Handbook of European Sphagna. Farrar, J. L. 1995. Trees in Canada. Flora of North America. 2004. http://www.fna.org/FNA/introduction.shtml [August 2006]. Goffinet, B. and R. Hastings. 1994. The Lichen Genus Peltigera ((Lichenized Ascomycetes) in Alberta. Goffinet, B., J. Miadlikowska, and T. Goward. 2003. Phylogenetic inferences based on nrDNA sequences support five morphospecies within the Peltigera didactyla complex (lichenized Ascomycota). The Bryologist 106:349–364. Goward, T. 1999. The Lichens of British Columbia,Part II - Fruticose species. Hale, M.E. 1979. How to Know the Lichens (2nd ed.). Halonen, P. 1998. Synopsis of the genus Usnea (Lichenized Ascomycetes) in British Columbia, Canada. Bryologist 101:36–60. Ireland, R.R. 1982. Moss Flora of the Martime Provinces Johnson, D., L. Kershaw, A. MacKinnon, and J. Pojar. 1995. Plants of the Western Boreal Forest and Aspen Parkland. Kershaw, L., J. Gould, D. Johnson, and J. Lancaster. 2001. Rare Vascular Plants of Alberta. Kershaw, L., A. MacKinnon and J. Pojar. 1998. Plants of the Rocky Mountains. Klinka, K., V.J. Krajina, A. Ceska, and A.M. Scagel. 1989. Indicator Plants of Coastal British Columbia. Kulzer, L., S. Luchessa, S. Cooke, R. Errington, F. Weinmann, and D. Vitt. 2001. Characteristics of the low-elevation Sphagnum-dominated peatlands of western Washington: a community profile. Unpublished Report for Washington State. Lawton, E. 1971. Moss Flora of the Pacific Northwest. Lindblom, L. 1997. The genus Xanthoria (Fr.) Th. Fr. in North America. Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory 83:75–172. Lindblom, L. 2004. Xanthomendoza, pp. 561–566. In T. H. Nash III, B. D. Ryan, P. Diederich, C. Gries & F. Bungartz (eds.), Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region, Vol. 2. Lichens Unlimited, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona. Looman, J. 1982. Prairie Grasses: identified and described by vegetative characters.

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MacKinnon, A., J. Pojar, and R. Coupe. 1999. Plants of Northern British Columbia. McQueen, C.B. 1990. Field Guide to the Peat Mosses of Boreal North America. Mills, S.E., and E. MacDonald. 2005. Factors influencing bryophyte assemblage at different scales in the western Canadian boreal forest. The Bryologist 108: 86–100 Montano, A.M. 1998 Suitability of Hygrohypnum ochraceum as an Indicator of Inorganic Pollutants in Streams and Rivers of North America: Laboratory Studies Moss, E.H., and J.G. Packer. 1992. Flora of Alberta, Second Edition Technical Memorandum No. 8220- 98-15 available at: http://www.usbr.gov/pmts/eco_research/9815.html [August 2006]. Parish, R., R. Coupe, and D. Lloyd. 1996. Plants of southern interior British Columbia and the inland northwest. Lone Pine Publishing, Edmonton, AB. Pavlick, L.1995. Bromus L. of North America Pojar, J., and A. MacKinnon. 1994. Plants of Coastal British Columbia Including Washington, Oregon & Alaska. Reed P.B. 1988. National List of Plant Species that Occur in Wetlands. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Biological Report 88(26.3). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington D.C., USA. 1996 update available at: http://www.fws.gov/nwi/bha/list96.html Royer, F. and R. Dickinson. 1999. Weeds of Canada and the Northern United States Scotter, G.W., and H. Flygare. 2007. Wildflowers of the Rocky Mountains Schofield, W.B. 1992. Some Common Mosses of British Columbia. The University of Montana-Missoula Invaders Database 2005. http://invader.dbs.umt.edu/Noxious_Weeds/state_run.asp?state=Alberta [August 2006]. Thomson, J. W. 1984. American Arctic Lichens. 1. The Macrolichens. Thomson, J. W. 1997. American Arctic Lichens. 2. The Microlichens. United States Department of Agriculture. Fire Effects Information System. Available at: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis [August 2006]. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. Plants Database. Available at: http://plants.usda.gov [August 2006]. Vance, F. R., J. R. Jowsey, and J. S. McLean. 1977. Wildflowers Across the Prairies. Vitt, D.H., J.E. Marsh, and R.B. Bovey. 1988. Mosses, Lichens and Ferns of Northwest North America. Vitt, D.H., N.G. Slack. 1984. Niche diversification of Sphagnum relative to environmental factors in northern Minnesota peatlands. Canadian Journal of Botany 62:1409–1430. Vujnovic, K., and J. Gould. 2002. ANHIC Tracking and Watch Lists — Vascular Plants, Mosses, Liverworts, and Hornworts.

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Appendix 8 — Taxonomic Breadth in the ABMI

The Alberta Biodiversity Monitoring Program was designed to capture change in species from many different taxonomic groups, with a wide range of terrestrial habitat requirements, from a variety of trophic levels, and from a diversity of life history strategies and life spans. Listed below are the taxonomic groups (Class) for which 10 or more species are being monitored by the ABMI. Currently, the ABMI collects data on more than 10 species in at least 20 different classes (taxonomic source- www.itis.usda.gov): • Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledons) • Liliopsida (Monocotyledons) • Pinopsida (Pines) • Filicopsida (Ferns) • Equisetopsida (Horsetails) • Bryopsida (true mosses) • Sphagnopsida (peat mosses) • Hepatopsida (liverworts) • Ascomycetes (lichen) • Basidiomycetes (polyporous fungi) • Chlorophyceae (green algae — aquatic streams) • Insecta (caddisflies, stoneflies — aquatic streams) • Maxillopoda (copepods — aquatic wetlands) • Eurotatoria (rotifers — aquatic wetlands) • Entognatha (springtails) • Arachnida (mites) • Branchiopoda (brine shrimp, fairy shrimp — aquatic wetlands) • Osteichthyes (fish) • Aves (birds) • Mammailia (mammals)

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