Fiscal Year 2010 Army Budget Analysis
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The Army Budget fiscal year 2010 an analysis Author Frank A. DiStasio, Jr. Principal Researcher Lucinda M. Custer Editors Danielle Giovannelli Sandra J. Daugherty Cover Photograph U.S. Army Sergeant Robert Newman, Bravo Company, 1st Battalion, 4th Infantry Regiment, U.S. Army Europe, watches the sunrise after a dismounted patrol mission near Forward Operating Base Baylough, Zabul, Afghanistan, 19 March 2009. (U.S. Army photograph by Staff Sergeant Adam Mancini/Released) Graphics and design Kevin Irwin Technical support Master Print, Inc. © 2009 by The Association of the United States Army All rights reserved. Reproduction of this report, in whole or in part, is authorized with appropriate acknowledgment of the source. Institute of Land Warfare ASSOCiatiON OF THE UNITED StatES ARMY 2425 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, Virginia 22201-3385 703-841-4300 www.ausa.org ii Contents Foreword......................................................................................................vii The Budget Message of the President of the United States . ix The Federal Budget . 1 The President's Perspective . .1 Budget Top Line................................................................................................1 Budget Overview ...............................................................................................2 Background on the Federal Budget . .3 Budget Terms ................................................................................................3 Funding Authority . 3 Appropriations and Authorization . 3 Discretionary and Mandatory..................................................................................3 Budget Data . 4 National Defense Classification....................................................................................4 National Defense Outlays and Gross Domestic Product ...............................................................5 Discretionary and Mandatory Funds . 5 Discretionary for Defense . 7 Discretionary for Non-Defense . 8 Mandatory Funds .............................................................................................8 Homeland Security..............................................................................................8 Economic Considerations . .12 Gross Domestic Product.......................................................................................12 Gross Federal Debt...........................................................................................12 Balancing the Budget.........................................................................................13 Receipts . .13 Spending.................................................................................................15 Borrowing and Interest........................................................................................16 Congressional Budget Office Estimates...........................................................................17 Observations . .18 Endnotes.....................................................................................................19 The Department of Defense Budget ................................................................................21 Introduction . 21 The DoD Budget and the Federal Conundrum . .21 Budget Priorities and Resources . 22 Strategic Goals ..............................................................................................22 Budget Analysis – Top Line......................................................................................25 Support for Troops in the Field . .25 Budget Titles and Service Analyses................................................................................26 DoD Budget by Title – In Current Dollars.........................................................................28 DoD Budget by Title – In Constant Dollars........................................................................28 DoD Budget by Title – Percentage Distribution . 28 DoD Budget by Service and Defensewide – Current Dollars . 29 DoD Budget by Service and Defensewide – Constant Dollars . .30 DoD Budget by Service and Defensewide – Percentage Distribution....................................................31 Military Forces................................................................................................31 Combatant Commands........................................................................................31 Military Services . 32 Endstrength . 33 Military Endstrength . .33 Civilian Endstrength . .33 Military Personnel . .34 Military Accrual Payments.....................................................................................34 Military Medical Accrual....................................................................................35 Military Retirement Accrual . .35 Civilian Personnel . .35 Operation and Maintenance ......................................................................................36 Defense Health Program . 36 Research, Development and Acquisition ............................................................................37 RDA Trends in Current Dollars .................................................................................37 iii RDA Trends in Constant Dollars ................................................................................38 RDA by Military Services . .38 Select Major Weapon Systems..................................................................................38 Special Operations RDA . 38 Missile Defense Agency.......................................................................................43 Facilities and Infrastructure Investment.............................................................................44 Military Construction.........................................................................................45 Family Housing . .45 Reserve Component............................................................................................46 Defensewide Programs . .46 Environmental Restoration Program . .46 Chemical Destruction Program . .47 Counternarcotics Program . 48 Base Realignment and Closure . .48 Working Capital and Revolving Funds . .49 Keep America Strong and Secure . .50 Endnotes.....................................................................................................51 The Army Budget...............................................................................................53 Introduction . 53 Top Line Analysis . .53 Army Land Forces .............................................................................................54 Global Commitments .........................................................................................54 Grow the Army..............................................................................................54 Army Force Generation .......................................................................................56 Budget Basics.................................................................................................56 Army Appropriations .........................................................................................57 Budget Formulation Process . .57 Budget Documents...........................................................................................58 Budget Summary ..............................................................................................58 Budget by Appropriation . 58 Overseas Contingency Operations...............................................................................60 Personnel . 60 Endstrength . 60 Military Personnel . .62 Military Accrual Accounts .....................................................................................62 Civilian Personnel . .63 Pay Raise Rates . .63 Operation and Maintenance ......................................................................................63 Operation and Maintenance, Army Overview ......................................................................64 Operation and Maintenance, Army National Guard Overview . .65 Operation and Maintenance, Army Reserve Overview ...............................................................65 Research, Development and Acquisition ............................................................................66 Top Ten Weapon Systems . .67 Research, Development, Test and Evaluation . 67 Procurement ..................................................................................................68 Aircraft Procurement, Army . .72 Missile Procurement, Army ....................................................................................72 Weapons and Tracked Combat Vehicles Procurement, Army . 72 Ammunition Procurement, Army................................................................................72 Other Procurement, Army . .74 Installations and Facilities . .76 Military Construction.........................................................................................78 Military Construction, Army . .78 Military Construction, Army National Guard . 79 Military Construction, Army Reserve . 79 Family Housing . .79 Base Realignment and Closure . .80 Environmental Restoration, Army .................................................................................81 Chemical Demilitarization Program . .81 Army Working Capital Fund . .81 Revenues and Expenses .......................................................................................82 iv Customer Rates . .82 Direct Appropriated Funds.....................................................................................82 Capital