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Gotlandic Althing and the Discussion Concerning Prehistoric Boathouses

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Gotlandic Althing and the Discussion Concerning Prehistoric Boathouses VV king king HeritageHeritagemagazine 1/2005 DESTINATION VIKING Högskolan på Gotland Gotland University Viking Heritage Magazine 1/05 Editorial IN THIS ISSUE The Building of a Boathouse RECONSTRUCTION of pre-historic remains is always a hot topic with various at Avaldsnes on Karmøy 3–5 angles of approach being put forward. Several articles in this issue continue Reconstruction of a this interesting discussion. Viking-age Boathouse on Let´s start with the very special reconstruction of the boathouse at the island of Karmøy 6–7 Avaldsnes in Norway, see photo on the front page. The discovery of the CastingTrefoil Brooches 8–13 exceptional remains of a Viking-age boathouse in 1990 opened up a new The Gotlandic Althing and the discussion concerning prehistoric boathouses. Here two articles allow you Cistercian monastery in Roma 14–17 to follow the reconstruction process and the thinking behind it. A Viking-age boathouse needs Viking ships! This time we are glad to be The history that disappeared 17–19 able to treat you with two stories of two famous Viking ships namely HERITAGE BOOKS 19, 29–30, 33–35 Íslendingur and Havhingsten fra Glendaloug. Íslendingur is the replica of Braslav Lake District the Gokstad ship that sailed across the Atlantic Ocean to North America in – in the Viking epoch 20–21 the year 2000, and now the captain let us take part in that voyage. Read also some personal impressions from the launch of Havhingsten in Roskilde DESTINATION VIKING last September. Vikings join in Iron-age Closly related to reconstruction is experimental archaeology, which is an Chieftain’s Feast 22–23 academic "hands-on" method used especially to find out more about how The Viking Ship Icelander 24–27 objects were produced in ancient times. New research regarding Viking-age The Viking Age – which techniques of bronze-casting has lately been realized in Denmark. We are period are we referring to? 28–29 very proud to be the first to publish the results of these experiments. Living Vikings join other So questions concerning quality, authenticity and purpose are most Living History museums important when it comes to re-creating and displaying prehistoric objects in a new liveARCH project 30 and facts. And Viking Heritage Magazine will continue to cover this theme in issues to come. The Launch of the Viking Longship – Havhingsten fra I wish you all an enjoyable read! Glendalough – at Roskilde in Denmark on Sept 4, 2004 31–33 Marita E Ekman Editor Email: [email protected] Heritage News HERITAGE NEWS 36–39 The coward believes he will live forever If he holds back in the battle But in old age he shall have no peace Though spears have spared his limbs. 87 4 T K K R A Ä S K M Ö Y J L R I T From Hávámal M 1 34 (Words from “The High One”) Drawing by Lou Harrison, [email protected] About the front page The reconstructed boathouse at Avaldsnes on the island of Karmøy, Norway. Read more about it on page 3–7. Photo Karl Johan Gundersen. GODRINGS TRYCKERI,Visby GODRINGS TRYCKERI,Visby 2004 www.hgo.se/viking 2 Viking Heritage Magazine 1/05 The Gotlandic Althing Gotland’s division into and the Cistercian 20 things (dashed line) and 6 settingar (solid line). The town of Visby lay outside the thing division. monastery in Roma Map after Ersson 1974. By Majvor Östergren place. Thus Gotland constitutes a parallel to the Icelandic social The organisation of structure during the corresponding the Gotlandic society period. Possibly both go back to an The organisation of the Gotlandic society all-Germanic structure with certain during the Viking Age and early Middle regional differences but common basic features. Ages was based on things (20 in total), On the cadastral map The Swedish royalty and the three tredingar (thirds) and six sättingar there are two meadows on Bishop of Linköping diocese seem to (sixths). The highest governing body was Roma monastery’s domain called have had a relatively little effect on the Althing or Gutnaltinget, which Burs Tingsängen and Kräklinge Gotland and the Gotlanders. For consisted of 20 thing judges presided over Tingsängen. Moreover there are example there were no royal officials by a chief judge and, following the two big bogs, located in direct on the island. Gotland was not introduction of Christianity, even the connection to each other, called included as part of the king’s royal three tredingar deans. Nordermyr or Rute, Endre, Lina, Dede tour of the country either. The Prior to Christianisation the Althing and Forsa Tingsmyr and Wallgiärdemyr or Bishop in Linköping did not have the was not only the highest judicial and Burs, Garda and Halla Tingsmyr right to certain taxes that he had on the administrative unit but also the highest respectively. Burs Tingsängen lies on the mainland nor part of the religious body, which means that the place boundary between Björke parish “tenth” either. The tax burden where the Althing was held would also approximately three kilometres southwest was low. have been the most of Roma monastery, while Kräklinge Moreover Gotlanders had important cult Tingsängen and the two bogs lie directly their own mint, introduced about adjacent to, southeast and straight east of 1140 AD and which was clearly the monastery respectively. implemented under the auspices of the Burs, Kräklinge, Rute, Endre, Lina, Althing. The leading social class consisted Dede, Forsa, Garda and Halla are all of the independent farmers and it is most names of nine of the 20 Gotlandic things. likely that the Gotlandic thing decisions Four lie in Nordertredingen (of seven), originated exclusively from this social three in Medeltredingen (of six) and two class. in Sudertredingen (of seven). It is quite likely that the names on the The Althing’s location at Roma 17th century map stem from at least The Althing’s location in Roma parish is • Roma medieval if not pre-historical name use. supported by a German translation of The names can hardly have been added Gutasagan from 1401 (see VHM 4/2004 after the Reformation in the 1520s, when eds. note) and has been generally accepted the Roma monastery in practice was put by researchers, just like the view that the on equal footing with a King’s demesne. Althing was of vital importance for the It is also highly probable that these establishment of the Cistercian monastery thing-names are connected with the in Roma. location of the Gotlandic Althing, which However there has never been any thereby can certainly be considered have Gotlandic concrete proof that the Althing had its been located in Roma parish. The area at things with the meeting place in just Roma. Not before Roma monastery, later Roma Kungsgård things mentioned 1990, when the author noticed some (a royal desmene), is an excellent strategic marked as part of interesting information on the cadastral choice of location in the middle of the Roma monastery map of Roma parish from 1699, at the property on the cadastral island close to important communication same time as a couple of archaeological map from 1699. routes, both waterways and roads. The surveys shed new light on the history of thing-names imply that the individual the Roma monastery. things owned or had the right to use www.hgo.se/viking 14 Viking Heritage Magazine 1/05 Map from the 1699 cadastral map of the area between Roma church, Roma monastery, Björke and Halla churches, with indicated thing meadows and bogs. Drawing, Stefan Pettersson and Helena Duveborg. special land areas adjacent to the Thing meant that they were also important as It is fully possible that the find material site. navigable water routes. from Guldåker is a sign of a trading place The Althing was probably held around located directly adjacent to the Gotlandic midsummer every year and would have The archaeological surveys Althing’s meeting place during the Viking collected a big number of people and even In the spring and the autumn 1990 a Age. The finds indicating trade (like animals that were brought along, e.g. couple of archaeological surveys were fragments of coins and weights) originate horses. People gathered to discuss undertaken with the aid of metal mainly from the 10th century. important matters of common concern, detectors in the fields around Roma Yet another survey was carried out in a made sacrifices, and decided about Kungsgård. In the so-called Gold Field field that was earlier part of the Kräklinge marriages, planned trading voyages and Guldåkern (the field got its name during Thing meadow. Here, in a concentrated engaged in trade. 19th century, when three gold coins were area, Viking-age objects of a different It is tempting to compare this with the found there) northeast of the monastery nature than the objects in the Guldåkern description of the Icelandic Althing, and north of the ancient Kräklinge Thing were found. The find material can where the equivalent to the Gotlandic meadow a find was discovered which probably be linked to the remains of a Thing, godordet, had their own special indicated that the place must have had a typical Gotlandic settlement from mainly houses – sheds – for accommodating their special function. It was not a typical find the Viking Age, but also the Vendel thing-men. These sheds were owned by from a ploughed-over Gotlandic Period. Among the objects are two the “godarna” – the equivalent of the farmstead. Instead it gives the impression fragmentary silver coins, a piece of melted Gotlandic Thing judges – but rich and of having originated from a trading place, silver, whole and parts of bronze jewellery, otherwise influential persons could have reinforced by the way the objects were bronze bars, a bronze casting cone and 12 their own sheds.
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