DOCSLIB.ORG

Fish Protein Hydrolysate in Diets for Nile Tilapia Post-Larvae

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Fish Protein Hydrolysate in Diets for Nile Tilapia Post-Larvae Fish protein hydrolysate in diets for Nile tilapia post-larvae Thiberio Carvalho da Silva(1), Joana D’Arc Mauricio Rocha(1), Pedro Moreira(1), Altevir Signor(1) and Wilson Rogerio Boscolo(1) (1)Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Campus Toledo, Rua da Faculdade, no 2.550, CEP 85903-000 Toledo, PR, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract – The objective of this work was to determine the apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of crude protein, crude energy, fat, and dry matter of fish protein hydrolysate (FPH), made of by-products of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and whole sardines (Cetengraulis edentulus), and to evaluate the productive performance and muscle fiber growth of Nile tilapia post-larvae. Two trials were conducted, the first one to determine the digestibility in 120 fingerlings (70.0±2.0 g), and the second one to evaluate the productive performance of 375 post-larvae, with three days of age, which were distributed in 25 aquaria with 30 L of useful volume. Five diets were prepared based on vegetable ingredients, to which fish were included at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8% FPH. For the evaluation of muscle growth, eight fish of each experimental unit were used. The ADC values found were: 98.29% for dry matter; 99.28% for crude protein; and 99.13% for gross energy. The best zootechnical response for the productive performance resulted from the treatment with the inclusion of fish hydrolysate at 4.75%. The diets affected the frequency of the muscle fiber diameters, mainly the growth by hyperplasia. FPH can be efficiently used, and its inclusion at 4.75% is indicated in the diets for Nile tilapia in the post-larvae stage. Index terms: Cetengraulis edentulus, Oreochromis niloticus, digestibility, fish meal, nutrition, peptides, pisciculture. Hidrolisado proteico de peixe em dietas para pós-larvas de tilápia-do-nilo Resumo – O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente (CDA) da proteína bruta, da energia bruta, da gordura e da matéria seca de um hidrolisado proteico de peixe (HPP), feito de resíduos de tilápia-do-nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) e sardinha inteira (Cetengraulis edentulus), e avaliar o desempenho produtivo e o crescimento das fibras musculares de pós-larvas de tilápia-do-nilo. Realizaram-se dois ensaios, o primeiro para a determinação da digestibilidade em 120 alevinos (70,0±2,0 g) e, o segundo, para avaliação do desempenho produtivo de 375 pós-larvas, com três dias de idade, distribuídas em 25 aquários (unidade experimental) com volume útil de 30 L. Cinco rações à base de ingredientes vegetais foram elaboradas, às quais se incluíram os peixes a 0, 2, 4, 6 e 8% de HPP. Para a avaliação do crescimento muscular, oito peixes de cada unidade experimental foram utilizados. Os valores de CDA encontrados foram: 98,29% para matéria seca; 99,28% para proteína bruta; e 99,13% para energia bruta. As melhores respostas zootécnicas quanto ao desempenho produtivo resultaram do tratamento com a inclusão do hidrolisado proteico a 4,75%. As dietas influenciaram a frequência do diâmetro das fibras musculares, principalmente o crescimento por hiperplasia. O HPP pode ser eficientemente utilizado, e sua inclusão a 4,75% é indicada em dietas de tilápia-do-nilo na fase de pós-larva. Termos para indexação: Cetengraulis edentulus, Oreochromis niloticus, digestibilidade, farinha de peixe, nutrição, peptídeos, piscicultura. Introduction To achieve satisfactory performance indices, it is recommended that, in the initial stage, part of the The production of larvae and fry in the quantity and dietary protein be of animal origin because of the quality to meet the growing demand of fish farming better profile of available amino acids and minerals depends on efficient solutions to problems in the (Galdioli et al., 2000; NRC, 2011). Therefore, fish meal rearing process. Feeding outstands as the main factor continues to be the main protein source in diets for among those responsible for failures in larviculture, most species of farmed fish because of the balanced (Phelps, 2010). amino acid profile and the composition of essential Pesq. agropec. bras., Brasília, v.52, n.7, p.485-492, jul. 2017 DOI: 10.1590/S0100-204X2017000700002 486 T.C. da Silva et al. fatty acids, digestible energy, vitamins, and minerals evaluate the productive performance and muscle fiber (Tacon & Metian, 2008). growth of Nile tilapia post-larvae. However, worldwide fish meal production has staganated by approximately 6–7 million tons in Materials and Methods recent years, and with the increasing demand, its value has increased, raising production costs in aquaculture Digestibility and zootechnical performance trials systems (Tacon & Metian, 2008; Merino et al., 2010). were carried out at the aquaculture and fish nutrition Therefore, several studies have been conducted on laboratory of Grupo de Estudos de Manejo na the total or partial replacement of fish meal in the Aquicultura (Gemaq), of Universidade Estadual do preparation of diets for aquatic organisms, in order Oeste do Paraná (Unioeste), Campus Toledo, in the to maintain the nutritional standards of the feeds municipality of Toledo, PR, Brazil. (Teixeira et al., 2006). The production of FPH consisted of 80% residues An alternative with great potential is the use of by- from Nile tilapia filleting (heads, viscera, scales, fins, products of the fish-processing industry, in the form vertebral column, and adhered tissues) and 20% whole of protein hydrolysate and fish of low-commercial sardine which were used to enhance the aroma and value. The hydrolysis process is defined as the protein taste of FPH, in order to improve the final product breakdown into peptides of various sizes. This attractiveness (Broggi, 2014). This raw material was breakdown can be achieved chemically (with acids or crushed in a CAF food processor , model Boca 5, bases), or biologically (with enzymes). The enzymatic 250-watt power and 30 kg h-1 capacity; then, a water process is more promising, as it generates a product volume equivalent to 20% of the mass value was with high functionality and nutritional value (Naylor added and homogenized. The mixture was placed for et al., 2009; Pasupuleti & Braun, 2010). approximately 5 min in a RW 20 mechanical stirrer The composition of a protein hydrolysate, produced (Ika Brasil Equipamentos Laboratoriais, Analíticos e from fish residue, may contain on average 78.75% Processos Ltda., Campinas, SP, Brazil). Subsequently, crude protein, 3.42% fat, and 12.51% ash (Nilsang et butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylated al., 2005). The partial replacement of the fish meal hydroxyanisole (BHA) were added at 0.01%. The with this product, even at low percentages, shows a temperature was adjusted to 60°C in a water bath to beneficial effect on the productive performance and promote the enzymatic activity. Alcalase enzyme was immunological activity of several fish species, mainly added at 0.5% and stirred continuously for 60 min. in the early stages of life (Refstie et al., 2004; Hevroy After this time, the enzymatic activity was stopped by et al., 2005). raising the temperature to 85°C for 15 min, and a food Tang et al. (2008) have shown that including up to preservative (citric acid) was added. At the end of the 10% fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) in the diet of yellow process, the liquid hydrolysate was filtered through a croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) improved the growth 0.5 mm steel sieve to remove small bones. and immunological parameters of this fish. Likewise, To determine digestibility, the diets were elaborated Lian et al. (2005) and Chotikachinda et al. (2013) with an extruded practical feed (used as reference), found positive effects with FPH supplementation in and an extruded test feed composed of 80% of the the diet of the studied species. The results found in reference feed and 20% of the ingredient to be tested, these studies may be related to the high palatability adding 0.1% chromium oxide, used as inert marker of FPH, which contains biologically active, immune- (NRC, 2011) (Table 1). stimulating peptides with antibacterial properties For the feed production, the ingredients were that can be produced during the hydrolysis process initially milled in a hammer-type grinder with a 0.7 (Kotzamanis et al., 2007). mm sieve, and, then, weighed and mixed manually. The objective of this work was to determine the The crushed feed was moistened with 20% water, and apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of crude extruded in an ExMicro apparatus (Exteec Máquinas, protein, crude energy, fat, and dry matter of FPH, made Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil), with 10 kg h-1 production of by-products of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) capacity. After this processing, the feeds were oven and whole sardines (Cetengraulis edentulus), and to dried at 55°C for 12 hours. Pesq. agropec. bras., Brasília, v.52, n.7, p.485-492, jul. 2017 DOI: 10.1590/S0100-204X2017000700002 Fish protein hydrolysate in diets for Nile tilapia 487 Nile tilapia juveniles (120) with a mean mass of CDA(n) = {100 -[100 ×(%Cr2O3d × %Cr2O3f) × (%Nf / 70±2 g were used. Fish were randomly distributed in %Nd)]}, in which: CDA (n) is the nutrient digestibility six 90 L conical tanks suitable for the collection of coefficient; %Cr2O3d is the percentage of chromium feces. The juveniles remained in the tanks for seven oxide in the diet; %Cr2O3f is the percentage of days in the tanks, in order to adapt to the diets and to chromium oxide in feces; %Nf is the percentage of the experimental conditions. The treatments, randomly nutrient in feces; %Nd is the percentage of nutrient in assigned at the beginning of the adaptive period, the diet. And CDA (i) = {CDAdt + [(CDAdt - CDAdr) consisted of three tanks with reference feed, and three × (0.8×Ddr / 0.2×Ding)]}, in which: CDA (i) is the tanks with test feed.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Fish Waste: from Problem to Valuable Resource
    marine drugs Review Fish Waste: From Problem to Valuable Resource Daniela Coppola 1 , Chiara Lauritano 1 , Fortunato Palma Esposito 1, Gennaro Riccio 1 , Carmen Rizzo 1 and Donatella de Pascale 1,2,* 1 Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy; [email protected] (D.C.); [email protected] (C.L.); [email protected] (F.P.E.); [email protected] (G.R.); [email protected] (C.R.) 2 Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-081-5833-319 Abstract: Following the growth of the global population and the subsequent rapid increase in urbanization and industrialization, the fisheries and aquaculture production has seen a massive increase driven mainly by the development of fishing technologies. Accordingly, a remarkable increase in the amount of fish waste has been produced around the world; it has been estimated that about two-thirds of the total amount of fish is discarded as waste, creating huge economic and environmental concerns. For this reason, the disposal and recycling of these wastes has become a key issue to be resolved. With the growing attention of the circular economy, the exploitation of underused or discarded marine material can represent a sustainable strategy for the realization of a circular bioeconomy, with the production of materials with high added value. In this study, we underline the enormous role that fish waste can have in the socio-economic sector. This review presents the different compounds with high commercial value obtained by fish byproducts, including collagen, enzymes, and bioactive peptides, and lists their possible applications in different fields.
    [Show full text]
  • Peer-Reviewed Papers and Books
    PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS AND BOOKS ANIMAL FEED PRODUCTS / FISH MEAL Aksnes A, Hope B, Hostmark O, Albreksten S. 2006. Inclusion of size fractionated fish hydrolysate in high plant protein diets for Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua. Aquaculture 261(3):1102-1110. Abstract: Fish hydrolysate was evaluated as feed ingredient in high plant protein diets in an 89 days feed experiment with Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). The fish hydrolysate was size fractionated by ultra- and nano-filtration and the various fractions were tested specifically as feed ingredients to trace any effect observed with the hydrolysate. All diets contained 68% of total protein as plant protein, added as a mixture of corn gluten, full-fat soy bean meal, soy protein concentrate and extracted soy bean meal. The diets were equal in protein, lipid and energy. The control diet contained 21.8% fish meal. Fish hydrolysate was tested in another diet where one third of the fish meal protein was exchanged with the fish hydrolysate. Retentate after ultra-filtration of fish hydrolysate and retentate and permeate after nano-filtration were used in three separate diets at dietary inclusion levels corresponding to the absolute dry matter level of the fractions in the hydrolysate. The cod tripled in weight during the experimental period. No significant differences were observed for growth or feed intake for any groups. The diets containing retentate from ultra- and nano- filtration showed lower feed efficiency than the control diet with fish meal or the diet containing fish hydrolysate or permeate after nano-filtration. In conclusion the results show that fish hydrolysate may successfully be used as a protein source in high plant protein diets for Atlantic cod in exchange of fish meal.
    [Show full text]
  • Advances in Seafood Byproducts 43 Alaska Sea Grant College Program • AK-SG-03-01, 2003
    Advances in Seafood Byproducts 43 Alaska Sea Grant College Program • AK-SG-03-01, 2003 Utilization of Fish Byproducts in Iceland Sigurjon Arason Icelandic Fisheries Laboratories, and University of Iceland, Department of Food Science, Reykjavik, Iceland Abstract Fisheries are the single most important industry in Iceland, and will con- tinue to play an important role in the economy of Iceland for a long time to come. In 2001 the total catch was around 2 million tons, accounting for 62% of the country’s merchandise exports. The living marine resources are, however, limited and it is important to utilize these resources in a sustainable way. It is also important to maximize their value by produc- ing high-priced products from the raw material, which is currently be- ing used for fish meal or simply discarded. For example, today all cod heads from land-based processing plants are being utilized and lately the freezing trawlers have begun freezing them onboard for processing on shore. Fortunately, most of the byproducts are no longer regarded as waste but are used as raw material for fish processing like roe, liver, mince, viscera, etc. The byproducts from salting, freezing, and canning fresh fish and other processes have different qualities and potentials. Therefore, quality management is important and new technologies are emerging that will allow a new range of products to be made from byproducts which will, for example, benefit the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and food industries worldwide. Introduction The living marine resources in Icelandic waters are the most important natural resources in the country. In 2001, the total catch was around 2 million tons, (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • By-Products of Tuna Processing 00153 Rome, Italy Tel.: +39 06 5705 4744 Fax: +39 06 5705 3020 Volume 112
    GLOBEFISH RESEARCH PROGRAMME Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Products, Trade and Marketing Service Viale delle Terme di Caracalla By-products of tuna processing 00153 Rome, Italy Tel.: +39 06 5705 4744 Fax: +39 06 5705 3020 www.globefish.org Volume 112 By-products of tuna processing by Ms Esther Garrido Gamarro Mr Wanchai Orawattanamateekul Ms Joelyn Sentina Dr T. K. Srinivasa Gopal (July, 2013) The GLOBEFISH Research Programme is an activity initiated by FAO's Products, Trade and Marketing Branch, Fisheries and Aquaculture Policy and Economics Division, Rome, Italy and financed jointly by: - NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service), Washington, DC, USA - Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente, Subdirección General de Economía Pesquera, Madrid, Spain - Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries, Copenhagen, Denmark - European Commission, Directorate-General for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, Brussels, EU - Norwegian Seafood Council, Tromsoe, Norway - FranceAgriMer, Montreuil-sous-Bois, Cedex, France - ASMI (Alaska Seafood Marketing Institute), USA - Sea Fish Industry Authority, United Kingdom Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, GLOBEFISH, Products, Trade and Marketing Branch, Fisheries and Aquaculture Policy and Economics Division Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy - Tel: (39) 06570 54163 E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] - Fax: (39) 06570 53020 - www.globefish.org The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • Increase Sustainability of Fish Farms with the Development of Value Added Products from Fish and Fish Waste
    Increase Sustainability of Fish Farms with the Development of Value Added Products from Fish and Fish Waste Final Report Project Number: FNC14-955 Type: Farmer/Rancher Project Region: North Central SARE GRANT: $13,746.00 Coordinators: Roy Landskron Project Coordinator, Part A Jerry Peplinski Project Coordinator, Part B Peplinski Aquaculture N6311 Rods Lane Cecil, WI 54111 715-853-8834 E-mail [email protected] Summary Part B of this project was to take fish hydrolysate prepared in Part A from five different species, compare the assays of the digestate of each species to see which may most closely match the feed requirements of both perch and bluegill. Therefore, hydrolysates from five species (perch, bluegill, bullhead, tilapia, and rough fish) were compared for their macro and micro nutrients, fatty acid lipids and other essential food components. Given the assays of the five species, the task was to match as close as possible the dietary requirements of perch and bluegill (target species). The feed nutritional outline as provided by “Development of Least-Cost Diets for Fishes: An Example with Bluegill” by the Departments of Fisheries & Wildlife Sciences and Animal Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, MO. was used as the basis of feed formulation. Feed formulations were completed by Jerome Donohoe of Agricultural Omega Solutions LLC. The requirements for the feed were to develop an approximate 2mm pellet which was extruded so as to provide a slow sinking product. Because the hydrolysates were liquid based with only 15 to 17% dry weight it would take large quantities of product to meet the ingredient requirements.
    [Show full text]
  • Fish Protein Hydrolysate Production, Treatment Methods and Current
    International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies 2021; 9(2): 195-200 E-ISSN: 2347-5129 P-ISSN: 2394-0506 (ICV-Poland) Impact Value: 5.62 Fish protein hydrolysate production, treatment (GIF) Impact Factor: 0.549 IJFAS 2021; 9(2): 195-200 methods and current potential uses: A review © 2021 IJFAS www.fisheriesjournal.com Received: 22-01-2021 Aurobinda Das, Yashaswi Nayak and Supriya Dash Accepted: 25-02-2021 Aurobinda Das DOI: https://doi.org/10.22271/fish.2021.v9.i2c.2452 Department of Zoology, Centurion University of Abstract Technology and Management, About 20 per cent of the live weight of freshwater fish is visceral mass is a rich source of protein, lipids, Odisha, India polyunsaturated fatty acids, soluble vitamins, phospholipids etc having very great source of agro industrial products. Any scientific technique that uses strong squanders coming about because of fish Yashaswi Nayak harvesting by recuperating biomolecules like lipids and proteins brings about extra income as well as Department of Zoology, Centurion University of helps to reduce the dumping issues related therewith. Visceral fish hydrolysate (also known as fish Technology and Management, protein hydrolysate; FPH) has drawn the interest of many researchers in recent years due to its great Odisha, India utility in the fields of food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and nutrition. The extraction or production of FPH including predefined sequential steps like collection of raw materials, pretreatment (alcohols, heat Supriya Dash treatment, press technique coupled with heat treatment), hydrolysis (acidic, alkaline, enzymatic) and Department of Biotechnology, recovery of FPH using spray drying, lyophilisation, centrifugation or nanofiltration. The extracted FPH is College of Engineering and characterized for molecular mass, protein content, structure of protein, IR, XRD etc to analyse the Technology, Odisha, India chemical nature of the FPH.
    [Show full text]
  • Optimization of Fish Hydrolysate Preparation and Its Effect on Growth and Feed Utilization of Magur (Clarias Batrachus)
    Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences Bull. Env. Pharmacol. Life Sci., Vol 7 [11] October 2018 : 78-83 ©2018 Academy for Environment and Life Sciences, India Online ISSN 2277-1808 Journal’s URL:http://www.bepls.com CODEN: BEPLAD Global Impact Factor 0.876 Universal Impact Factor 0.9804 NAAS Rating 4.95 ORIGINAL ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Optimization of Fish Hydrolysate Preparation and its Effect on Growth and Feed Utilization of Magur (Clarias batrachus) S. S. Rathore1*, A. Chandravanshi2, P. Chandravanshi2, K. H. Srinivasa1, K. Rakesh1, M. A. A. Mamun1 and S. Nasren1 1Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India 2Chhattisgarh Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India *Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT This study provides information on the use of fish hydrolysate as an alternative protein source for magur feeding. Two diets (40% protein) were prepared where fish meal protein was replaced at levels of 0 (control) and 10% with the hydrolysatediets were supplied to magur (10.48 ± 0.11 g initial weight) stocked in 1 × 1 m2 cemented tanks in triplicate. Diet containing 10% fish hydrolysate exhibited better water stability and water absorption rate than the diet incorporated fish meal. After 60 days of feeding trial, fish fed the diet containing 10% fish hydrolysate showed significantly (P<0.05) better performance in terms of weight gain (%), specific growth rate, average daily gain, food conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, protein productive value, protein growth rate than those fed the control diet (fish meal). It is concluded that fish hydrolysate is a promising alternative protein source for magur feeding, improving growth rate and it is cost effective as obvious.
    [Show full text]
  • Byproducts of Aquaculture Processes: Development and Prospective Uses
    128 VITAE VITAE, REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS FARMACÉUTICAS Y ALIMENTARIAS ISSN 0121-4004 / ISSNe 2145-2660. Volumen 25 número 3, año 2018 Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia. Págs. 128-140 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.vitae.v25n3a03 BYPRODUCTS OF AQUACULTURE PROCESSES: DEVELOPMENT AND PROSPECTIVE USES. REVIEW SUBPRODUCTOS DE LOS PROCESOS DE ACUICULTURA: DESARROLLO Y USOS PROSPECTIVOS. REVISIÓN Leidy Maritza SIERRA LOPERA1*PhD candidate, Cindy Tatiana SEPÚLVEDA RINCÓN1 PhD candidate, Priscilla VÁSQUEZ MAZO1 PhD candidate, Omar Alfredo FIGUEROA MORENO2 PhD candidate, José Edgar ZAPATA MONTOYA1 PhD1 Received: June 07 of 2018. Approved: November 29 of 2018 ABSTRACT Background: Growing aquaculture production around the world generates an important environmental impact because of its waste volume, which reaches nearly 60%. These byproducts have important levels of protein and lipids that can be revaluated to obtain products that are of interest to the pharmaceutical and food industries such as bioactive peptides and functional properties. Recently, technologies have been applied to the isolation and purification of bioactive peptides according to their molecular weight, such as membrane separation techniques and chromatography. Currently, there are commercial products from fish protein hydrolysates that can be used in nutritional and pharmaceutical applications as a source of amino acids with different physiological functions. Objective: Give information on aquaculture byproducts, hydrolysis methods, methods of purification, bioactive peptides and functional properties and nutritional supplements. Methods: Science Direct, Springer Link, Wiley Online Library, and Scopus were reviewed using the keywords aquaculture products, protein hydrolysis, bioactive peptides, functional properties. For the selection of the articles, the year of publication, the language, the methodology used and the trajectory of the authors were taken into account.
    [Show full text]
  • Are There Any Possible Substitutes for Black Strap Molasses As a Bacterial Food? I Was Wondering Specifically About Sorghum Molasses
    Lesson 6 Live Q&A Webinar From Leticia Oberley: Are there any possible substitutes for black strap molasses as a bacterial food? I was wondering specifically about sorghum molasses. Well, what we’re finding out is when you look at your soil, you’ll see that you already have lots of bacteria and hopefully lots of different species of bacteria as well and so adding the black strap molasses or any kind of bacterial food is a little bit unnecessary. So, if you put too much of a bacterial food into the tea then it’s really hard to keep whole tea aerobic through the whole entire brewing process. So we are really trying to encourage people to not be putting in any kind of bacterial food into the system. Doesn’t seem to be really necessary but let’s say you do have that unusual situation where there aren’t enough bacteria in your soil, you want to increase diversity a little bit. Then sorghum molasses would work as well. You just want to try to pick something that has a wide diversity of different kinds of sugars. And that’s why the non-sulfured black strap molasses is so good because it’s got a 150 different kinds of sugars in it. I’d want to know the same kind of information about your sorghum molasses. How many different kinds of sugars? And that should be easily found out. If you go to the website of the company making the sorghum molasses, how many different kinds of sugars, and it would be pretty good.
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Soil Amendment Practices in Sustainable Agriculture
    Biological Soil Amendment Practices in Sustainable Agriculture South Central Soil Summit December 12-13, 2017 Houston, TX Steve Diver, Farm Superintendent UK Horticulture Research Farm [email protected] Background to this PowerPoint Presentation Presented at the South Central Soil Summit at Univ of Houston, December 2017. This was the second regional FSMA soil summit for stakeholders (FDA, State Departments of Agriculture, Farmers, NGOs) to address Subpart F of the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA). The first FSMA soil summit was in New England. Subpart F of FSMA addresses Biological Soil Amendments of Animal Origin (BSAAO). The Final Rule of FSMA lays out restrictions for BSAAOs with regards to Animal Manures, Composts (Processes to Further Reduce Pathogens via biothermic kill temperatures), Agricultural Teas (e.g., Compost Teas), and Organic Fertilizers derived from Animal Meals and Fish (e.g., Blood Meal, Bone Meal, Fish Meal, Fish Hydrolysate, Fish Emulsion) The author speaks from 30 years of experience teaching farm-scale composting, compost quality, compost teas & extracts, soil microbiology, soil foodweb, soil testing, and technical advisement to farmers and Extension Agents. He served on the NOSB Compost Tea Task Force in 2003-2004. He was formerly a soil and crop consultant in Texas, familiar with organic and sustainable farming systems that use Biological Soil Amendments, and invited to speak at the South Central Soil Summit. Downsides of Conventional Agriculture Population Endocrine Disruption Disturbance Hypoxia ─ Dead Gulf Zone Monarch Butterfly & Soil Biology The Future of Agriculture is Regenerative: Sustainable (e.g, USDA-SARE, USDA-NRCS) Organic (e.g., USDA-NOP) Eco-agriculture (e.g., Acres USA, Albrecht-Reams) Permaculture (e.g., ecological design) Bio-dynamic (e.g., Steiner, Pfeiffer) Korean Natural Farming (Asia and Hawaii) Zero Budget Natural Farming (India) Integrated Crop-Livestock and Holistic Grazing Three Common Themes: 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Natural Fertilizers and Their Use in Agriculture
    Natural Fertilizers And Their Use In Agriculture A natural fertilizer is a product which originates from the environment naturally or is derived from products which originate from the environment whereas a mineral fertilizer (or chemical fertilizer) is made by chemical processes in a factory. The term natural fertilizers, as generally used, also includes products that originate from the environment naturally but are further processed in a factory, such as sh emulsion or liquid seaweed. The term natural fertilizer is normally reserved for products which are renewable. We have deliberately excluded mined product such as rock phosphate and potassium nitrate from this list because although they occur naturally the resource is nite and non-renewable. Natural fertilizers are not the same as organic fertilizers. The term organic fertilizers have several dierent meanings and it is often dicult to decide what is meant by the term “organic fertilizer” in any particular situation. The scientic meaning of organic means a substance which contains carbon in the molecule. There is an Australian Standard for Organic farming and this denes both organic produce and allowable inputs into organic production but does not depend on organic certication bodies. The Organic certifying bodies also have their own set of criteria for “allowable inputs for organic farming” a few based on science but others on tradition with little or no scientic basis. Traditionally natural fertilizers have been more expensive than mineral fertilizers however in the last decade or so mineral fertilizers have become much more expensive and natural fertilizers have hardly risen in price. It has also been accepted by government authorities in the last decade or so that inappropriate use of mineral fertilizers severely damages the soil, a fact that scientists have warned about for several decades.
    [Show full text]
  • Fish Hydrolysate Derived from Fish Waste Increased the Growth of Kappaphycus Alvarezii 1Jesica R
    Fish hydrolysate derived from fish waste increased the growth of Kappaphycus alvarezii 1Jesica R. Casaclang, 1Armila C. Gregorio, 1Rey B. Resuello, 1Christine Joy A. Reyes, 1Jennie Bernardo-Fernandez, 2Maria M. Gonzales-Plasus 1 College of Fisheries, Pangasinan State University-Binmaley Campus, San Isidro Norte, Binmaley, Pangasinan, Philippines; 2 College of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Western Philippines University-Puerto Princesa Campus Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, Philippines. Corresponding author: J. B. Fernandez, [email protected] Abstract. The study was conducted to compare the growth performance of Kappaphycus alvarezii fertilized with two sources of fish waste liquid fertilizers at various concentrations using hanging long-line method for 45 days at Pilaper Island, Masinloc, Zambales. Growth was measured in terms of weight gain (WG) and daily growth rate (DGR). Water parameters were also monitored throughout the experimental period. The fish waste consists of internal organs, gills, scales and fins of milkfish (Chanos chanos) and tilapia (Sarotherodon melanotheron) was obtained from the local market in Pangasinan. Processing of samples into fermented products was done at Chemistry Laboratory of Pangasinan State University- Binmaley Campus. The milkfish and tilapia waste were placed in a separate fermented vat and added with brown sugar and Effective Microorganisms (EMO) at ratio of 1:1. Fish waste was then allowed to ferment for 10 to 15 days. The liquid fertilizers were harvested by sieving it with the aid of fine meshed net. There was significant increase on growth in terms of WG in K. alvarezii within 4-weeks culture period. Increased in WG and DGR was significantly high (p < 0.05) when K.
    [Show full text]