Superheavy nuclei @ RIKEN, Dubna and JYFL

CSNSM – IPHC – GANIL

Conseil Scienfique de l’IN2P3, 26 Juin 2019 Movaons

How many elements ?

Properes of maer in extreme condions of mass & charge ? Limits of the nuclear chart ? Theorecal challenge S. Raeder et la., Phys. Rev. Le. 120 (2018) 232503 - Large density of states - Strong Coulomb field

B. Schuetrumpf et al., Phys. Rev. C 96 (2017) 024306

Total spin-orbit spling depends on the locaon of the radial wavefuncons Experimental challenge

M.G. Itkis et al., Nucl. Phys. A 944 (2015) 204 projecle 1 nucleus/s Unreacted beam Scaered beam target Transfer : beamlike 1 nucleus/h Transfer : targetlike Coulex Fusion - Fission 1 nucleus/week

Survival of nucleus of interest : σ < 1 µb

Focal Beam Filter ERs Plane

Target Time-of-Flight Beam dump Making the heaviest elements 1 18 H He 1 Helium 1 Hydro- gen 2 13 14 15 16 17 2 Li Be B C N O F Ne 2 Neon Boron Lithium Carbon 10

4 Beryl- lium

3 Nitrogen Fluorine 5 6 7 8 Oxygen 9 3 Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar 2012 2010 Argon Alum- inum Sulfur Silicon Phosp- horus Magne- sium Chlorine 18 11 Sodium 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr - Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr - 28/11/2016: IUPAC 4 approves- the Mn names of the 4 new elements! nium Potas- sium Zinc Chro mium Scan- dium Vana dium Germ- a Krypton Sele- nium Cobalt Bromine Ir o n Copper Nickel Manga nese 30 Gallium 19 Calcium 25 20 21 22 Titanium 23 24 26 27 28 29 31 32 33 Arsenic 34 35 36 - - th - Sr Mo - Rh Ag Sn Sb Tc Xe Rb - Y Zr Ru Pd Cd In - Nb Tc I 30/12/2015: IUPAC announces- that the 7 period of the periodic table is complete! 5 Silver Xenon Anti- mony Ruthe nium Zirco nium Tin Cad- mium Rubidi um Techn etium Stron tium

Palla- dium 47 Tellu- rium Molyb denum Io din e In diu m Yttrium 37 38 39 40 Niobi um 42 43 44 45 46 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 Rhodium

6 Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Ti Pb Bi Po At Rn 72 Lan t- han um Lead Hafn- iu m Rhen- iu m Tung- sten Gold Osm- iu m Plati- num Polo- nium Mercury Tanta- lu m Barium Astatine Ir id iu m

55 57 Thallium Cesium 74 79 81 82

83 Bismuth 84 56 75 76 77 78 80 85 86 Radon

Cn Fl Lv Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg 7 112 113 Nh 114 115 Mc Ts117 Og

Fran- cium 115 118 Dub- nium

Ruther- fo rdiu m Meitne- r iu m 116 Seabor- gium 87 108 Darms- tadtium 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 104 105 107 Bohrium 111 113 Actinium 110 Radium 88 89 105 106 107 Hassium 109 111

La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Lanthanides Lant- hanum Dyspr- osium

Ne od- ymium 62 Gado- linium 68 Lute- tium Euro- pium Ytter- bium Erbium Prom- Praseo- dymium Sama- rium

Cerium 64 Thulium ethium 65 67 58 66 Holmium 69 71 57 59 60 61 63 Terb ium 70 Juin 2010 Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr

Actinides a- Me nde- lev iu m Nobe- lium Prot ctinium Berke- lium Lawre- ncium Amer- icium Cali- fornium Pluto- nium Neptu- niu m Curium Thorium Einst- einium Actinium 92 Uranium 89 90 91 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 10 0 Fermium 101 102 10 3 What next ? V. Zagrebaev et al., Acta Phys. Pol. B 45 (2014) 291

← 51V + 248Cm

V. Zagrebaev et al., Journal of Physics: Conference Series 420 (2013) 012001 Cross secons (broad range of predicons ) ? Excitaon funcons: Opmal beam energy ? Intense heavy-ion beams via the Metal Ions from VOlale Compounds method H. Koivisto, et al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res B 94 (1994) 291

50 MIVOC compounds of enriched Ti (J. Rubert, J. Piot et al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res B 276 (2012) 33)

50Ti beam out of source on target trans. cons.

JYFL ECRIS2 19 eµA (11+) = 1.7 pµA ==> 0,044 pµA 2,6% ~0,6 mge/h GANIL ECR4 28 eµA (10+) = 2.8 pµA ==> 0,450 pµA 16,0% ~0,2 mge/h DUBNA ECR4M 55 eµA (5+) = 11.0 pµA ==> 0,490 pµA 4,5% ~0,6 mge/h

RIKEN RILAC 15 eµA (11+)= 1.6 pµA ==> 0.500 pµA 30,0% ~0,5 mge/h

MIVOC method: Intensity, stability, reliability & low material consumpon

51V beam sucessfully tested in RIKEN 2017 46 & 47Ti isotopic MIVOC beams since 2017 54Cr beam sucessfully tested in Dubna 2018

Metallic beams for next generaon of SHE ! JINR PRIZE 2015 Beams for synthesis, spectroscopy & chemistry

P.T. Greenlees, Phys. Rev. Le. 109 (2012) 012501 First prompt spectroscopy of a superheavy nucleus 256Rf @ JYFL

46Ti beam to prepare the chemistry of Nh (113) @ FLNR: 46Ti + 141Pr -> Thallium (Nh homologue) Synthesis program @ RIKEN (2014-)

GARIS II

50Ti + 248Cm -> 295Og + 3n

50Ti from IPHC, acceletaed by RILAC (0.5 pµA)

No events – upper limit unpublished

51V + 248Cm —> 299-xUue + xn

51V from IPHC, beam accelerated by RRC cyclotron

Opmal beam energy determined by barrier distribuon run

Several camapigns since 2017, ongoing T. Tanaka et al., Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 87 (2018) 014201

SHE Factory Perspecves

2020: Start of the SHE Factory @ DUBNA & new RILAC @ RIKEN

RILAC II Metallic ions beams of 50Ti, 51V & 54Cr (MIVOC + Inducve oven) -=> up to 10 pµA on target !

Unique 248Cm, 249Bk & 249-251Cf targets

54 Cp2 Cr -=> two parallel programs in Dubna and RIKEN (with IN2P3 teams)

E119, E120 campaigns …

R&D to enable the use of an 254Es target for synthesis

Ongoing R&D on Uranocene for mulnucleon transfer

Reach more neutron-rich SHE with Mulnucleon transfer -=> potenal discovery and study or many tens of new SHE

249Bk @ ORNL Spectroscopy of super heavy nuclei

Focal Beam Filter ERs Plane

Target Time-of-Flight Beam dump

? ? 5- 256 isomer 256 Rf @ JYFL 10+ Rf @ FLNR (2018) - 900 γ,e 271 30 preliminary 8+ 900 25 Rf LX rays 216 20 L X-rays 6+ 15

Counts / keV 104 161 10

4+ 5 104

2+ 0 44 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 0+ Gamma-ray energy (keV) P.T. Greenlees, Phys. Rev. Le. 109 (2012) 012501 groundstate J. Rubert, PhD thesis, Université de Strasbourg (2013) K. Hauschild et al., in preparaon Prompt spectroscopy @ JYFL

A. Challon et al., Eur. Phys. J. A30 (2006) 397

Jurogam + RITU S. Ketelhut et al., Phys. Rev. Le. 102, 212501 (2009)

J. Piot et al., Phys. Rev. C85 (2012) 041301(R) 208Pb(40Ar,2n)246Fm up to 71 pnA, 40 kHz σ=11 nb

TNT2-D Perspecves

AGATA (3-4π) @ RITU (also VAMOSGF) -> increased γn

E1/2 Calorimetric efficiency: fission barriers

yrast +E fission n S γ 10 E saddle fission AGATA γ

E* (MeV) 5 yrast

Eyrast deformation 0 0 10 20 30 Spin (h) G. Henning et al., Phys. Rev. Le. 113, 262505 (2014)

Polarizaon capabilies: search for M1 resonances in superheavy nuclei Decay spectroscopy at FLNR

2004: Gamma Alpha Beta Recoil Invesgaons with the ELectromagnec Analyser (CSNSM-FLNR-IPHC) K. Hauschild, A.V. Yeremin, O. Dorvaux, A. Lopez-Martens et al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 560 (2006) 388

• Intense beams • Dedicated beam me • Availability of exoc targets JINR PRIZE 2007 ANR-06-BLAN-0034-01 SHELS@Dubna

VASSILISSA (Energy filter) èSHELS (velocity filter)

Gain in transmission, especially for asymmetric reacons

A. Popeko et al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 376 (2016) 140

JINR PRIZE 2015

ANR-SHELS (2006-2010) & Russian Foundaon for Basic Research GABRIELA@SHELS ANR-CLODETTE (2013-2017) & RFBR

Rotang concrete target wall ToF Focal plane fission γ SHELS α

Intense ICE beam 8o Triggerless magnet detector array Structure & reacon studies 50Ti + 209Bi → 259-xnDb γ and ICE decay of an isomer in 251Fm : evidence for octupole collecvity K. Rezynkina et al., Phys. Rev. C 97 (2018) 054332 256Db 257Db 258Db 259Db PhD thesis (Université Paris Saclay) 1.6 s 2.3 s 4.2 s

256 257 258 B(E3) =18(6) W.u Rf Rf Rf 6.9 ms 4.4 s 4.7-10 ms

50Ti + 209Bi → 258,256Rf: 5 events observed σ ~ 5 pb K-isomer studies

Best examples of K-conserving decays In the nuclear chart

Excellent probes of shell structure

Enhanced stability with respect to fission ?

22Ne + 238U → 256No + 4n (2019) 50Ti+207Pb → 255Rf +2n (2017) Δt(recoil-isomer) vs subsequent α Energy γ decay of new isomer in 255Rf

preliminary

R. Chakma, PhD thesis (Université Paris Saclay) K. Kessaci, PhD thesis (Université de Strasbourg) Perspecves -Search for rare decay modes -e.g . fission branch from K isomers -Detailed (high stascs) spectroscopic studies -from Fm up to Sg using heavy and light beams σ ≥ 0.1 nb for decay Pt, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi targets 78 79 80 81 82 83 90Th, 92U, 94Pu, 95Am, 96Cm, 98Cf targets 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 107 Bh Bh Bh Bh Bh Bh Bh Bh Bh Bh Bh Bh Bh Bh Bh Bh

252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 106 Sg Sg Sg Sg Sg Sg Sg Sg Sg Sg Sg Sg Sg Sg Sg Sg

251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 105 Db Db Db Db Db Db Db Db Db Db Db Db Db Db Db Db

250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 104 Rf Rf Rf Rf Rf Rf Rf Rf Rf Rf Rf Rf Rf Rf Rf Rf

249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 103 Lr Lr Lr Lr Lr Lr Lr Lr Lr Lr Lr Lr Lr Lr Lr Lr

248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 102 No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No

244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 101 Md Md Md Md Md Md Md Md Md Md Md Md Md Md Md Md Md Md 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 100 Fm Fm Fm Fm Fm Fm Fm Fm Fm Fm Fm Fm Fm Fm Fm Fm Fm Fm 146 148 150 152 154 156 158 160 Perspecves

- Upgrade of GABRIELA to digital GABRIELA with enhanced Xray & ICE sensivity 251 D. Rudolph et al., Phys. Rev. Le. 111, 112502 (2013) Fm isomer decay Confirmed by: J.M. Gates et al, Phys. Rev. C 92, 021301 (2015)

Simulaons: 60-day 48Ca + 243Am run (5 pµA)

20 a) 280 b) 237 111Rg 1 Clover Ge 15 Ex (keV)

9.20 MeV counts / keV 10 194

732 5 9.69 MeV ( e-/auger 0.08 MeV) ⇠ 0 P 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 494 [E2] energy [keV]

15 L X-rays: 1 rear + 4 tunnel detectors 280 I+1 194 [E1] 10

237 [E1] counts / 0.2 keV 280 [E1] 86 43 I+2 5 43 43 I+1 0 I 276 Mt 0 109 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 energy [keV]

1 Conclusions & Outlook

- SHE research is a challenging field requiring long beam mes, intense beams and technological innovaons (chemistry, detectors, electronics, targets…)

- Longstanding in2p3 research programs in the field

- Experience & experse, which has been/will be applied to other projects (S3 and SIRIUS @ SPIRAL2)

- Successful collaboraons in Dubna, JYFL and RIKEN - New results & discoveries are foreseen