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Bitiruv Malakaviy Ishi

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Bitiruv Malakaviy Ishi O’ZBEKISTON RESPUBLIKASI OLIY VA O’RTA MAXSUS TA’LIM VAZIRLIGI URGANCH DAVLAT UNIVERSITETI TABIIY FANLAR FAKULTETI RO’ZMETOV RO’ZMAMAT QADAM O’G’LINING 5140600 Geografiya ta’lim yo’nalishi bo’yicha bakalavr darajasini olish uchun BITIRUV MALAKAVIY ISHI Mavzu: O‘zbekiston Respublikasidagi kichik sanoat zonalarining joylashuvi va rivojlanishning geografik xususiyatlari Ilmiy rahbar Amanov A.K Urganch – 2018 1 MUNDARIJA KIRISH………………………………………………………………………… 3 I.BOB KICHIK SANOAT ZONASI VA UNING TASHKIL QILISHNING HUQUQIY ASOSI……………………………….……………..……………...8 1.1 Kichik sanoat zonalarini barpo etish va ularning faoliyatini tashkil qilish tartibi…………………………………………………………………………....8 1.2 Kichik sanoat zonalarida mahalliy va horijiy investorlarga berilgan imkoniyatlar …………………………..………………………………………..12 II.BOB O’ZBEKISTON RESPUBLIKASIDA KICHIK SANOAT ZONALARINING MINTAQALAR BO’YICHA SHAKLLANISHI 2.1 Kichik sanoat zonalari iqtisodiy-ijtimoiy taraqqiyotining mamlakat huquqiy normalari asosida rivojlanishi ……………..……………..……………………..16 2.1 O’zbekiston Respublikasida kichik sanoat zonalarining iqtisodiy geografik rayonlar hamda ma’muriy birliklar bo’yicha joylashuvi……………..…………18 III.BOB O’ZBEKISTON RESPUBLIKASIDA KICHIK SANOAT ZONALARINING ISTIQBOLLARI 2.2 O’zbekiston Respublikasi iqtisodiyoti rivojida kichik sanoat zonalarining o’rni……………………………………………………………………………..52 2.3 O’zbekiston Respublikasida kichik sanoat zonalarining rivojlantirish istiqbollari………………………………………………………………………57 2 KIRISH Mavzuning dolzarbligi. Iqtisodiyotining asosiy tarmoqlaridan bo’lmish sanoatni jadal sur’atlar bilan o’sishini ta’minlash hozirgi kundagi dolzarb masalalaridan biridir. Mamlakatimizdagi erkin iqtisodiy zonalar va kichik sanoat zonalari samaradorligini oshirish, yangilarini tashkil etish, ularda amalga oshirilayotgan ishlarni yanada jadallashtirish, xorijiy va mahalliy ishtirokchilar uchun yaratilgan sharoitlatning yuqori darajada qulaylashtirish, bu borada juda muhim ahamiyat kasb etmoqda. Bu sohadagi yutuqlarni birgina kichik sanoat zonalarini tashkil qilish, hamda ular faoliyatini yo’lga qo’yish jarayonida amalga oshirilgan ishlarni ko’rsatib o’tish orqali qanchalik ildam harakatlanyotganini ta’kidlashimiz mumkin. 2017-yilning birinchi choragida 52 ta kichik sanoat zonalari ro’yhatga olingan bo’lsa, 2017 yilning sentabr oyiga kelib ularning soni 96 taga, 2018 may oyida esa ularning soni yana oshib 112 taga yetishi, ushbu sohada yuqorida ko’rsatib o’tganimizdek, ijobiy ishlar olib borilayotganidan dalolat beradi. 1-rasm. O’zbekistonning kichik sanoat zonalari. Davlat statistika bo’limi ma’lumotlariga asosan muallif tomonidan tuzildi. 3 Kichik sanoat zonalarining tarqalish geografiyasi mamlakatimizning deyarli barcha mintaqalariga yoyilganligi sanoat rivojining butun yurtimiz bo’ylab jadal o’sishiga turtki bo’ladi. Tarkibiy o’zgartirishlarini chuqurlashtirish, milliy iqtisodiyotning yetakchi tarmoqlarini modernizatsiya va diversifikatsiya qilish hisobiga uning raqobatbardoshligini oshirish: -iqtisodiyot tarmoqlari uchun samarali raqobatdosh muhitni shakllantirish hamda mahsulot va xizmatlar bozorida monopoliyani bosqichma-bosqich kamaytirish; -printsipial jihatdan yangi mahsulot va texnologiya turlarini o’zlashtirish, shu asosida ichki va tashqi bozorlarda milliy tovarlarning raqobatbardoshligini ta’minlash; -ishlab chiqarishni mahalliylashtirishni rag’batlantirish siyosatini davom ettirish hamda, eng avvalo,iste’mol tovarlar va butlovchi buyumlar importning o’rnini bosish, tarmoqlararo sanoat kooperatsiyasini kengaytirish; -iqtisodiyotda energiya va resurslar sarfini kamaytirish, ishlab chiqarishga energiya tejaydigan texnologiyalarni keng joriy etish, qayta tiklanadigan energiya manbalaridan foydalanishni kengaytirish, iqtisodiyot tarmoqlarida mehnat unimdorligini oshirish; -faoliyat ko’rsatayotgan erkin iqtisodiy zonalar, texnoparklar va kichik sanoat zonalari samaradorligini oshirish, yangilarini tashkil etish1 Bir qancha zamonaviy ishlab chiqarish quvvatlarini zarur infratuzilmaga ega yagona hududda jamlash yuksak iqtisodiy samara berishi jahon tajribasida o'z isbotini topgan va bu yerdagi sharoit va qulayliklar korxonalar faoliyatining jadal rivojiga xizmat qilishi bilan ahamiyatlidir.Shu maqsadda O’zbekiston Respublikasi mintaqalarida ham bu borada yuqori amaliy natijalarga erishilmoqda, ayniqsa, foydalanilmayotgan hamda qurilishi tugallanmagan davlat mulki ob'ektlari, bo'sh yer uchastkalari negizida kichik sanoat zonalari qilinmoqda.Ular mahalliy 1 Яхшиликов Ж.Я, Муҳаммадиев Н.Э. Миллий ғоя-тараққиёт стратегияси. – Т.: Фан , 2017. – 424 б. 4 iste’molchilarga zarur bo’lgan va xorijga eksport qilish uchun mo’jallangan raqobatdosh sanoat mahsulotlarini ishlab chiqarish ko'lamining oshishiga va yangi ish o'rinlari yaratilishiga muhim omil bo'lib xizmat qilmoqda. O’zbekiston Respublikasi prezidentining mamlakatimiz mintaqalarida Toshkent shahri tumanlari, Qoraqalpog‘iston Respublikasi va viloyatlarda bo‘sh turgan yoki samarasiz ish yuritayotgan ishlab chiqarish binolaridan unumli foydalanish maqsadida, ulardan yanada samarali foydalanish, yangi korxonalar tashkil etishni rag‘batlantirish orqali ushbu binolar negizida kichik sanoat zonalari tashkil etish taklifini berganligi va bu borada yuqori natijalarga erishilayotganligi diqqatga sazavordir. Kichik sanoat zonalarini shakllantirishda Toshkent viloyatiga birlamchi e’tibor berildi va uning hududida 17 kichik sanoat zonasi tashkil qilindi. Viloyatning boy tabiiy-iqtisodiy, mineral-xomashyo, ilmiy-texnik va mehnat salohiyatidan to'liq foydalanish, yangi raqobatbardosh sanoat korxonalari hamda kichik xususiy korxonalar rivojini qo'llab-quvvatlash va rag'batlanitirish, shu asosda yangi ish o'rinlarini yaratish va aholi daromadlarini oshirish asosiy maqsad qilib belgilandi. Toshkent viloyatida qurilish materiallari sanoatini rivojlantirish borasida hali ishga solinmagan katta salohiyat mavjud.Viloyatda bu borada 180 yirik konlar mavjud. Shuning uchun, umumiy qiymati 207 million dollar bo’lgan 188 ta loyihani amalga oshirish mo’jallanmoqda. Jumladan, Ohangaron tumanida yiliga 500 ming tonna sement, Piskent tumanida sopol buyumlar, Angren shahrida santexnika ashyolari ishlab chiqarish bo’yicha yirik loyihalar amalga oshiriladi. Bundan tashqari, Qibray, O’rta Chirchiq, Chinoz va quyi Chirchiq tumanlarida keng turdagi qurulish materiallari ishlab chiqaradigan 20 dan ortiq korxonalar tashkil qilinadi. Ohangaron tumanida qurilish materiallari ishlab chiqarishga ixtisoslashgan kichik sanoat zonasini tashkil qilish rejalashtirilmoqda2. Respublikamizdagi Toshkent, Jizzax va Sirdaryo viloyatlarida, hamda Toshkent shahrida kichik sanoat zonalari tashkil qilish borasida katta siljishlar 2 Мирзиёев Ш.М. Миллий тараққиёт йўлимизни қатъият билан давом эттириб, янги босқичга кўтарамиз.Т.: Ўзбекистон , 2017. – 592 б 5 ko’zga tashlanmoqda, shuningdek Namamgan, Fargona va Qashqadaryo viloyatlarida ham sezilarli natijalarga erishilmoqda. Bugungi kungacha mamlakatimizdagi ushbu 96 ta kichik sanoat zonalari hududlarda umumiy qiymati 535 milliard so‘mga teng 1021 loyiha amalga oshirilgan. Yangi korxonalar ishga tushishi tufayli 9,6 mingdan ziyod ish o‘rni yaratilgan. Loyihalar doirasida nafaqat ichki, balki tashqi bozorda ham xaridorgir bo‘lgan yengil sanoat, kimyo, oziq-ovqat mahsulotlari, elektr texnikasi buyumlari, zamonaviy qurilish materiallari, mebel va boshqa tayyor mahsulotlar ishlab chiqarilmoqda.[3] Mavzuning o`rganilganlik darajasi:Kichik sanoat zonalari to’g’risidagi ilmiy izlanishlarni xorijlik iqtisodchi-olimlar E.F. Avdokushin ,M.M. Kovalyov, V.V. Novik, V.N.Usov, Y.M. Berger va boshqalar tomonidan chuqur o`rganilgan. O`zbеkistonda kichik sanoat zonalarining nazariy uslubiy masalalari, turlari va ularning tasniflanishi, shuningdеk jahon iqtisodiyotida tutgan o`rni kabi masalalar bo`yicha o`zbеk iqtisodchi olimlar B.M. Tursunov, E.R. Maxmudov, G.A. Mеlibayеva, A.A.Isajanov N.G. To`xliyеv, B.D. Sadibеkovalarning ilmiy tadqiqotlarida muayyan darajada yoritilgan. Bitiruv-malakaviy ishining maqsad va vazifalari. Bitiruv-malakaviy ishining asosiy maqsadi: Ushbu bitiruv malakaviy ishda mamlakatimiz iqtisodiyotning rivoji borasida, xususan sanoat o’sishini kichik sanoat zonalari orqali yanada tezlashyotganiniko’rsatib berish maqsad va vazifa qilib belgilangan. 2017-2021-yillarda O‘zbekiston Respublikasini rivojlantirishning beshta ustuvor yo‘nalishi bo‘yicha Harakatlar strategiyasida makroiqtisodiy barqarorlikni mustahkamlash, iqtisodiyot tarmoqlari va hududlarga xorijiy, avvalo, to‘g‘ridan- to‘g‘ri xorijiy investitsiyalarni faol jalb qilish, davlat mulki xususiylashtirilgan obyektlar bazasida xususiy tadbirkorlikni rivojlantirish uchun qulay shart-sharoitlar yaratish, viloyat, tuman va shaharlarni kompleks ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy rivojlantirishga doir ko‘plab vazifalar belgilangan.[13]. Mazkur bitiruv malakaviy ishida kichik sanoat zonasida ishlaydigan sub’ektlar yaratilaganimtiyozlar haqida ham keng ma’lumotlar keltirilgan, shunday 6 imtiyozlardan biri, qatnashuvchi sub’ektlar 2-yil barcha soliqlardan ozod etildi va ular hududida joylashgan ko'chmas davlat mulkidan foydalanganlik uchun ijara to'lovining nol stavkasi belgilanadi, hamda 2-yildan keyin belgilangan soliq imtiyozlariga (mulk solig‘i, yuridik shaxslar foydasi hamda yagona soliq to‘lovlaridan ozod etiladi) ega bo'lishadi. Shuni ham ta’kidlab o‘tish joizki, sanoat zonalaridagi ishlab chiqarish va yer maydonlari, tadbirkorlik sub’ektlariga 10 yillik ijaraga beriladi. Mamlakatimizda kichik sanoat zonalari faoliyatining samaradorligini oshirish, yangilarni tashkil etish, kichik
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