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Home , Hyperoartia

Eubacteria (true bacteria)

Archaea (archaebacteria)

Plants (mosses, ferns, seed plants) Fungi (mushrooms, yeasts) The relationships Ctenophora (comb jellies) of these 3 phyla Porifera (sponges) are in dispute, Cnidaria (jellyfish, anemones, corals) this pattern may be altered. Eukaryotes Ecdysozoa Nematoda (round worms) Onychophora (velvet worms) Protostomia Arthropoda (insects, spiders, crustaceans, chelicerates)

Annelida (segmented worms) Animalia Mollusca (snails, clams, squids, etc.) Lophotrochozoa Platyhelminthes (flatworms)

Echinodermata (starfish, sea stars, sea cucumbers, etc.)

Bilateria Urochordates (tunicates) (amphioxus) Hyperotreti/Myxini () Hyperoartia/Petromyzontida (lampreys) Dueterostomia (cartilaginous : , rays, etc.) (ray-finned fish)

Dipnoi () Chordata Amphibia Anura (frogs and toads) Caudata (salamanders and newts) Craniata Gymnophiona (caecilians) Turtles were long thought to have evolved from Vertebrata Anapsida anapsids which are X Cryptodira (vertical retracting turtles) Pleurodira (side necked turtles) otherwise extinct. Crocodylomorpha (crocodiles and alligators) Archosauria X Ornithischia (bird-hipped herbivores) X Sauropodomorpha (long necked herbivores) X Theropoda (bipedal carnivores) Diapsida Dinosauria Paleognathae (ratites and tinamous) Terrestrial Neognathae (the rest of the birds) Amniota Sphenodontida (tuatara) Squamata (iguanas, amphisbaenians, lizards) Cetartiodactyla Cetacea (whales, dolphins) Artiodactyla (even toed ungulates: pigs, deer, goats, hippos, etc.) Perissodactyla (odd toed ungulates: horses, tapirs, rhino) Carnivora (dogs, cats, raccoons, weasels, hyenas, seals, etc.) NOTES: Pholiodota (pangolins) Chiroptera (bats) Many extinct taxa are not represented on this diagram. Insectivora (shrews, hedgehogs, moles) Many extant taxa are not represented on this diagram. Glires Rodentia (rats, mice, capybara, etc.) Mammal tree Lagomorpha (rabbits, hares, pikas) topology from: Branch lengths are not to scale Eutheria Dermoptera (flying lemurs) Murphy et al Scandentia (tree shrews) Science (2001) 294: 2348-2351 Primates (monkeys, apes, humans) Xenartha/Edentata (anteaters, sloths, armadillos) Macroscelidea (elephant shrews) Tubulidentata (aardvark) Synapsida Sirenia (manatees, dugong, sea cow) Afrotheria Hyracoidea (the hyrax) Proboscidea (elephants) Marsupialia (kangaroos, wombats, koalas, etc.) Monotremata (egg laying mammals: platypus, echidna)