Challenge for Small Navies Outsourcing

Challenge for Small Navies

Outsourcing - Means of Improving Tooth-to-Tail Ratio

Doha Hosts 48th Artistic World Championship 2018

IAAF World Athletics Championship 2019 | Volume 2 Edition 3 | Page 1

the editorial

Dahra has completed two years of training Qatar Emiri Navy (QEN) officers and in this period a lot has been achieved. New infrastructure has been created, new courses have commenced and training formalised. To top these achievements , the Naval Warfare and Operations Training Center (NWOTC), located in the QEN Base in Doha, has been awarded ISO 29990-2010 certification by SGS.

Our focus issue for this edition is concerning small navies, we discuss challenges they face and address a contemporary issue, that of optimising the Tooth-to-Tail Ra- tio through Outsourcing. Simulators are an essential part of our training thus we have a write up on ‘Do’s and Don’ts’ of Simulator Training in the Training & Simula- tion section. Another article brings out the relevance of education and training for the military and one of our instructors brings out his experience of teaching in Doha. In the Tech & Innovation part, a member of the Dahra’s Equipment & Maintenance team speaks about the experience of an important maintenance work undertaken recently.

The Chit-Chat Section gives an insight into the happenings in Qatar.

We soon say goodbye to the heat and the humidity of Summer 2018, and welcome the end-of-year season. Best wishes from the Editorial Team and Happy Reading.

P.S. Please keep the contributions, reviews and feedback coming

Page 2 | The Dahra Quarter | table of contents

04 Defence News 06 Focus Issue Challenge for Small Navies Outsourcing – Improving Tooth-to-Tail Ratio 10 Training & Simulation Simulator Training Education & Training for the New Age Soldier Driving a grey Land Cruiser 14 Technology & Innovation Satellite Based Automatic Identification System (AIS) Retro-Fitment of 900A & 400A MCCBS North Sea Passage—A New Silk Route Artificial Intelligence & The Military 18 Chit - Chat How Qatar is Beating Plastic Pollution? Marine Environment Watch in Qatar A Glimpse of the Doha Metro Crossword Puzzle 48th Artistic Gymnastics World Championships Qatar Permanent Residency ID Cards & Its Privileges The Story of Astrolabe 5G is Here Why facts don’t change our mind? Innovative and Fan-Centered 2019 IAAF World Championship

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Defence News

NEW DEVELOPMENTS variants”. Leonardo says that its part of the support and QATAR AIR FORCE training deal – for the 12 NFH naval helicopters – spans an eight-year period.

Qatar will establish a new airbase called “Tamim Airbase”. The Air Base will be developed to welcome new aircraft and ORDER OF APACHES systems that are being inducted in the Air Force. This includes the French Rafale fighters, American F-15 fighters, Eurofighter Qatar is on track to receive its recently ordered Boeing AH-64E Typhoon and other advanced aircraft. The Qatari Emiri Air Apache Guardian attack helicopters from 2019 through to mid- Force has seen significant development after 2014, and Doha 2020. The Qatar Emiri Air Force (QEAF) project officer said on has concluded several major deals over the past months. In December 2017, Qatar signed an agreement with the UK to buy 24 Eurofighter Typhoon after two successive agreements with the US to buy 36 F-15QA fighters and with France to buy 12 Rafale fighters. In a path-breaking achievement in 2018, the Air Force has also welcomed the first female batch as pilot candidates.

NH 90 HELICOPTERS

Qatar’s government has finalised an order for 28 NH Industries NH90 military helicopters that are scheduled to be delivered between 2022 and 2025. NH Industries is jointly owned by Airbus Helicopters, Leonardo and Fokker. 13 August that the first batch of 24 helicopters ordered in 2016 Italian aerospace group Leonardo – which acts as overall will be received before the end of next year. Deliveries will be prime contractor for the deal valued at more than €3 billion complete by the end of May 2020.

EUROFIGHTER TYPHOON

Qatar made its first payment to BAE Systems for its procurement from the United Kingdom of Eurofighter Typhoon multirole jets and Hawk trainer jets. The deal, worth around £5 billion ($6.6 billion) includes

NH 90 Helicopters 24 Eurofighter Typhoon multirole jets and nine Hawk trainers, and a bespoke support and training package. Typhoon deliveries are expected to begin in 2022.

($3.4 billion) – says that it has booked the order. The contract It includes the formation of a new Royal Air Force Eurofighter covers provision of 12 NH90 NFH naval helicopters, 16 TTH Typhoon squadron that will temporarily integrate personnel from troop transports, support services, training and certain Qatar. The joint No. 12 squadron will see Qatar Emiri Air Force infrastructure. The Rome-based group will assemble and pilots and ground-crew based at RAF Coningsby. deliver the 12 NFH naval helicopters from its facility in Venice, No. 12 squadron will have a role in security during the 2022 FIFA while Airbus Helicopters will be responsible for the final Football World Cup in Qatar assembly of the 16 TTH transports.

Leonardo says the programme could be extended in future “with the addition of six plus six units in a mix of TTH and NFH

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NAVAL WARFARE AND OPERATIONS TRAINING CENTER (NWOTC) AWARDED ISO 9001-2015 & 29990-2010 FIRST MILITARY TRAINING CENTER IN QATAR TO BE CERTIFIED

The NWOTC, which is located inside the Qatar Emiri Navy (QEN) Naval Base at Doha and is being utilised for conducting Officers’ Operational Training, has been assessed and awarded ISO 9001-2015 and 29990-2010. Dahra has met the exacting standards of ISO in designing, developing and delivering naval training to Officers. ISO 29990 is awarded to a service provider who meets the basic requirements for learning services for non-formal education and training. This achievement is even more special because this is the first Military Training Center in Qatar to have been awarded this certification.

QEN BASIC COMMUNICATION AND NAVIGATION COURSES PASS OUT

The Second Basic Navigation and Communication Course batches passed out from the QEN Navy School on 20th September. The Gradua- tion Ceremony was held at the Naval Base and Brig (Sea) Hamad Al Dosari, Deputy Commander of QEN, gave away the certificates and handed over trophies to the prize winners.

BASIC COM 02 BASIC NAV 02

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Focus Issue Based on the criteria given in the Table, 2, to perform coastal defence the author has proposed the following autonomously and to participate, within ranking of navies, coalitions, in limited projection operations

Rank 1 – Symbolic Navies Navies go beyond the above-mentioned These navies cannot fulfill any mission duties and enter the field of combat properly, including policing territorial operations. waters. To attain this rank it is enough to CHALLNGE FOR possess an established organizational Rank 4 – In addition to Rank 3 SMALL NAVIES structure. responsibilities, participate autonomously in high intensity projection operations The large, well-to-do navies have Rank 2 – Navies able to conduct police principles of Alfred Thayer Mahan, Julian and constabulary operations in their These navies possess range, Corbett etc to guide their strategies, but sustainability and autonomy. what about small navies? What should be their raison d’etre for existence? This article will attempt to give a food for Seapower offers attractive advantages to any nation thought in that regard. because of its mobility, cost-effectiveness, inbuilt What is a Small Navy? It is difficult to flexibility and the ability to effect a development without define a small navy. It can be said that a navy which is not large is a small navy. actually having to use any force But then all navies when compared with the US Navy should be considered to be small. Rank 5 – Navies are able to perform any territorial waters (and sometimes in their type of mission in any part of the world Basil Germond in his paper ‘Small Navies EEZs), and to contribute to coastal without any outside help . in Perspective: Deconstructing the defence (mainly in cooperation with allies) Hierarchy of Naval Forces’ has given To attain this rank, a navy should The importance of navies and their role in criteria and indicators to rank the navies. possess a number of patrol boats the national strategy has been discussed The ranking criteria and the indicators are adapted to the geographical area to and analysed over centuries. Several given in the Table below. police. analysts have concluded that navies form an essential segment of keeping peace Table— Criteria for ranking navies Rank 3 – Navies able, in addition to Rank and ensuring prosperity. Norman Criteria Indicators Friedman, in his book ‘Seapower as Order of battle Number of Vessels Strategy, Navies and National Interests’, Tonnage and type of ships has argued that seapower offers attractive advantages to any nation Order of effect Power of weaponry because of its mobility, cost- State of modernity effectiveness, inbuilt flexibility and the Versatility/ Flexibility Types and diversity of missions ability to effect a development without Range/ Sustainability Geographical Reach actually having to use any force. Capacity for sustained operations If one takes the above argument as a fact Logistics and afloat support then having a navy is essential for all Automation and cooperation/ Capacity to operate autonomously interoperability maritime nations. The countries which Capacity to operate within a condi- realised the potential of Seapower and tion had the resources to develop and nurture Other qualitative and politi- Professional qualifications their navy have become Rank 4/5 navies. cal adjustment variables Sailors’ moral dispositions Other navies remained small because Correlation between means and objectives their resources were restricted, due either Voluntary limitations Page 6 | The Dahra Quarter |

to their state’s limited economic a concept called the Integrated Knowledge performance or their wealth or to their Command and Control (IKC2). RSN also government’s ‘low-profile’ defence strategy possesses stealth frigates and air- and policies. independent propulsion (AIP) submarines.

If a small navy (Rank 2) does want to Diplomacy forms a part of Singapore’s embark on path leading to becoming a defence policy. RSN has taken the route of higher ranked (Rank 3 and in a few security cooperation in Southeast Asia and decades Rank 4) then it faces challenges. expanded it to cooperating with its security One of the major challenge would be to partners in Asia Pacific. Singapore, along acquire capabilities and deploy operational attack craft that are fitted with anti-ship with its partners, has set up security patrols methodologies so as to fit into a politically- missiles which combine with a cruise- to counter the transnational, non-traditional determined role missile equipped Russian Coastal Defence security challenges. RSN supported the System and 20 odd Su-27/30 aircraft Australian-led Intervention Forces in East Before the end of Cold War, most militaries capable of maritime strike, to bolster their Timor in 1999. Also, Endurance-class LPD leaned towards ‘Threat-based Assessment’ defences. VPN was also planning to was deployed to the North Arabian Gulf in to structure their militaries. This method procure Dutch Sigma-Class frigates, a 2004 in support of UN-mandated used threat analysis to develop strategic project which has likely been shelved. multinational efforts to assist in Iraq’s post- thought and create capabilities. In the 21st war construction. In 2009, RSN participated century military force development shifted VPN’s force development directly indicates in Gulf of Aden patrols under CTF 151. to capabilities-based planning. In this a defensive posture, focus being the approach, planners use ‘a liberal dose of Chinese naval capability. It is investing The RSN has been punching above its military judgment to determine the significant resources to make certain it can weight through deft utilisation of appropriate mix of required military defend its maritime borders and also technology, human capital and diplomacy, capabilities.” Instead of zeroing in on a establish claim on its island territories. as well as contribution to multilateral specific opposing threat, this theory security. The country’s navy has been attempts to concentrate on meeting Royal Singapore Navy (RSN) developed not based on threats but based objectives for tackling more defined on the nation’s geographic and political futuristic scenarios. Singapore faces practical and geopolitical realities. challenges. It is a country which lacks To elaborate, I will showcase the strategic depth and is boxed in from all The Singapore Navy, by making their development of two small navies, Vietnam sides by its neighbours, but to its presence felt in multi-national operations, in People’s Navy, which took a threat-based advantage has access to the most vital Sea vicinity and in distant seas, has shown that strategy for building its force structure and Lines of Communication (SLOCs) and does a Small Navy can also become a Royal Singapore Navy, which took a not face any direct threat. The country consequential navy. capability-based approach. faces challenges in terms of manning levels but has countered it by leveraging Regardless of the approach taken by the Vietnam Navy technology as a force multiplier. Through two navies, both have managed to develop extensive automation RSN’s 141 m LPD is themselves as consequential navies as Vietnam remains distrustful of China as a Navies aligned to their national strategy result of their historical background of conflicts. Though some land and maritime This purpose of this article is to highlight border disputes have been resolved, both the challenge faced by small navies of claim sovereignty over Paracel and Spratly being relevant. If one learns from history Island groups. Vietnam People’s Navy and the development of other navies, a (VPN) had ordered six Kilo class small navy can be developed into a submarines in 2009, which were delivered valuable asset in the hands of the policy in 2014. They also have received four makers as means to meet political ends Gepard class corvettes from Russia, two for anti-surface role and the next two for Contributed by Amit anti-submarine warfare. Vietnam is also manned by 65 personnel only. RSN has license-producing at least ten 550 ton fast evolved its network-centric operations into

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Focus Issue OUTSOURCING— Outsourcing in the Military MEANS OF IMPROVING Outsourcing in the Business World TOOTH-TO-TAIL RATIO Outsourcing non-core functions can enable Outsourcing is a major element in business the armed forces to focus on operational strategy which is practiced by both private skills and free up its combat-fit servicemen

Outsourcing non-core functions can enable the armed forces to focus on operational skills and free up its combat-fit servicemen to focus on combat deployment

The concept of ‘Tooth-to-Tail Ratio’ was to focus on combat deployment. The US first applied to the US forces during World and public organisations. It is much more took its first steps towards outsourcing War II to highlight the enormous common to outsource today as compared during the Vietnam War in the 70s by using expenditure being incurred on logistic to a few decades ago. Outsourcing results civilian transportations to deploy troops to infrastructure to maintain supplies to the in the supply chain function being the field and military contractors to provide Allied Forces from production bases in the performed by a third party. The decision to various equipment. US. The term soon caught the fancy of outsource in the civil world is based on, military thinkers the world over and came to The core responsibilities of militaries all be used loosely to indicate how  Growth in the supply chain over the world include protecting civilians, streamlined the structure of a military was. surplus provided by the third party rescue work during natural disasters and The concept was not meant to be a securing borders. But these same militaries measure of combat effectiveness but was  The increase in risk incurred by using a third party must expend time and energy on the used primarily to demand downsizing of mundane tasks any large organization armed forces by reducing surplus A business firm should outsource if the must deal with, such as payrolls, vehicle manpower to affect savings after World growth in surplus is large with a small maintenance and logistics services. War II. increase in risk. That’s where contractors can help. They can take on the non-core functions of a Today, the concept is being applied to The motivations behind outsourcing are, military, leaving soldiers to focus on their identify the core functions of combat core competence. Jobs such as facilities element or the fighting capability and  Cost-driven and vehicle maintenance, technical reduce the non-combat support functions.  Strategy-driven training, logistic supplies, cleaning, and In order to improve Tooth-to-Tail ratio, food service can easily be delegated to  Politically-driven – relevant for private contractors. Such businesses often following are a must, public organisations can do these jobs better and cheaper.  Definition of “tooth” and “tail” in both Of all three elements, cost savings has Modern militaries are using contractors in a major combat operations and irregular always been the most popular reason for variety of ways, including for consulting, warfare. outsourcing today. More recently, the main threat analysis, war-gaming and  Assess the efforts aimed to improve simulations, software development, the tooth-to-tail relationship and drivers for outsourcing appear to be shifting reinforce those efforts. from cost to strategic issues such as core weapons and vehicle maintenance, and  Classification of resources as either competence and flexibility computer technical support. mission/combat related or infrastructure/support. Denis Chamberland, a specialist in global  Opportunities to convert military defense contracting, wrote about positions to civilian positions. outsourcing for National Defense  Identifying Military’s core competencies and examine magazine. He said successful outsourcing opportunities for non-core outsourcing. “is about finding just the right balance of control over the contractor but in a way that Outsourcing has already taken over in a big allows it the flexibility to perform those way in the developed world, where even tasks for which it has been entrusted.” some aspects of fighting a war have also been contracted out.

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Advantages and Risks of Outsourcing Strategy for Outsourcing house so as to sharpen the organisation’s To derive full benefits of outsourcing, its combative edge and long-term Advantages. One reason for the trend advantages should be made use of and its competitiveness. Non-core responsibilities towards outsourcing is to be found in the risks reduced. A few pointers for may be outsourced to competent firms by increasing demands made of the armed formulating an effective strategy for militaries, in order to optimise and improve forces. The latter are faced with shrinking outsourcing are, ’Tooth-to-Tail’ Ratio. defence budgets and personnel strengths even as the number and duration of  Determine the activities to be missions increase. Purchasing private outsourced Contributed by Amit expertise promises to provide at least  Selection process for the vendor temporary solutions to capability shortfalls should cater for all aspects including and thus to absorb resource shortages. business experience and financial About the Author Thus the benefits for the military are, strength Cdr Amit Nagpal (Retd) is a Principal  Understand the outsourced firm’s Consultant at Dahra and has an experi- Cost-Savings competitive advantage ence of serving 22 years in the Indian Access to high-quality services cost-  Assess the solutions being provided Navy. He is specialist in Communica- tion and Electronic Warfare effectively comprehensively  Invest time and effort in making the  Access to similar services with the same level of quality at much lower Contract cost.  Keep the firm aligned to own  Removes the burden of changing or objectives maintaining infrastructure  Keep control over the outsourced  Saves cost on investing in expensive processes software and technologies  Conduct systemic and periodic Expertise reviews of all outsourced activities  Benefits from expert and skilled  Keep a dedicated team to handle the services vendor  Focus on core business  Diverts secondary processes to a The outsourcing industry is divided into specialised external provider three basic sectors. First are the military provider firms (also known as “private Technology security firms”), which offer tactical military assistance, including actual combat  Military relies on Commercial Off the services to clients. Then are the military Self (COTS) technology. This means consulting firms, which employ retired that more and more frequently the officers to provide strategic advice and military is relying on contractors to military training. Lastly are the military maintain and sometimes even operate support firms, which provide logistics, the technological systems they intelligence, and maintenance services to develop. armed forces, allowing the latter’s soldiers Risks to concentrate on combat and reducing Risks of outsourcing. In order to derive their government’s need to recruit more maximum benefits of outsourcing the troops or call up more reserves. military needs to understand the risks along with the advantages. The risks are, Outsourcing in the militaries over recent  Third parties may be unreliable to years has led organisations to clearly deliver certain quality/quantity define their core competencies in the  The outsourced company may not be business of war craft. As such, core synchronized with the requirements competencies must be managed by a critical mass of expertise and be kept in-

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Training & Simulation SIMULATOR TRAINING more apt to be suitable for simulation if it trainees, how so clever it may seem during embodies at least one of the following the time of creation, they undermine the cross the world today, training is characteristics: authority and effectiveness of the being supplemented with use of simulation by signaling trainees not to take A Simulators which has its  Perform process oriented task. it seriously. inherent merits as also some drawbacks.  Performing tasks simultaneously. Whilst it’s good to get the best simulators  Performing under pressure. 5. Use of Non-Trainees to Add Realism available in the world today, it is equally  Developing systems thinking. important to exploit these simulators to Non-trainees, people who have no stake in  Recognizing cognitive dissonance. extract the best training output. Simulators the outcome of the simulation, can add an do not replace the actual training, but are exciting, even sense of realism. Non- attempting at ‘replicating’ the scenarios that 3. Design the Simulation so Participants trainee participants are not suitable in a trainee may face in reality. Thus what Take Responsibility for Their Actions every simulation (neither is real-world becomes important is the ‘trainer’ who is authenticity, as we’ve seen). But when they Most simulation exercises are divided into linking this Simulator to the Trainee. When are, they can bring it alive. two sections, the simulation exercise combined with other unique strengths of simulations-their ability to simplify systems, to demonstrate other people’s When combined with other unique strengths of simulations-their ability to simplify sys- perspectives, to develop “battlefront” skills tems, to demonstrate other people’s perspectives, to develop “battlefront” skills in safety, in safety, and to solve problems from the and to solve problems from the inside out – these eye-opening moments can endow train- inside out – these eye-opening moments ees with a vivid, often deeply personal understanding of even the most abstract training can endow trainees with a vivid, often concepts deeply personal understanding of even the most abstract training concepts. proper and a session analyzing the results 6. Develop an Appropriate Performance Simulations, however, are widely - debriefing. Conscious learning occurs Assessment Model misunderstood. The most experienced primarily during the debriefing. Learning is trainers, called upon to design a simulation sidetracked, however, whenever trainees Because of a perceived superiority of exercise, often create a workaday version disown responsibility for their behavior mathematics-based scoring systems in of the board game “Monopoly.” These are during the simulation. If they can claim they training, simulation designers often attempt sometimes successful as play, but rarely did what they did only because the to develop quantitative models for effective as training. simulation suggested or encouraged that assessing trainee performance. These may action, their motivation to learn from the be appropriate for quantitative simulations- Here are the few checkpoints that a trainer experience evaporates. those dealing with financial or other needs to avoid whilst dealing with formulaic disciplines-but for most Simulator training 4. Don’t Play Games with Trainees qualitative simulations they are not.

1. Don’t Confuse Replication with If there is an attempt to ‘play games’ with Simulation

The temptation in designing a simulation exercise is to make a small scale replica of some full-blown reality. It seems logical that the closer the simulation comes to reality, the more valid and memorable the experience will be – and it isn’t right!

2. Choose the Right Subject to Simulate

Some subjects lend themselves better to simulation training than others. A topic is

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7. Test Your Simulation

The purpose of an test is to evaluate the basic assumptions of the simulation, its overall structure and the logic of its progression. You should expect problems to surface and be prepared to reinvent the whole simulation if necessary.

8. Set Your Own Standards for Success

When you spell out the purpose and goals of your simulation at the beginning of the process, you are defining standards by which to judge its ultimate success.

Contributed by BeeKay

About the Author

Cdr BK Verma (Retd) is Assistant Director (Training and Simulation) at Dahra. He is a specialist in Navigation and Direction and brings immense experience in operating Naval Simulators.

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& Training Simulation

EDUCATION & TRAINING FOR THE NEW AGE SOLDIER

The purpose of this article is to highlight This is a vitally important "corporate" goal the intertwining of Education and Training that serves the national interest. for the soldier in the new millennium where the battlefield has become more complex – The importance of a systematic and Technically as well as Politically. The focused military training can never be meaning of Education in this context is understated. Use of modern methods like learning which takes place in the traditional the ‘Simulator training’, Practical classroom format in the colleges and universities. Military training, on the other hand, is job- specific training aimed at accomplishment officer was a basic science graduate till the of military missions. recent past. However, in order to equip its officers for future battlespace, the minimum Every nation needs soldiers who are both qualification has been upgraded to a educated and trained. Use of military force ‘technical graduate’. This has resulted in these days in highly charged peacetime the officers being able to understand the politico-military environment has made nuances of modern weapons and sensors education a strategic issue in structuring and exploit them more effectively. the military forces. Training for any purpose On the other hand, the military might be instructions, generation of live scenarios in will now only be effective if the trainee is described as a huge, highly specialized, simulators are the way to go for reinforced adequately educated. To be educated, and complex "corporation" that seeks to train its learning of the combatants. thus capable of training for modern combat personnel to accomplish assigned tasks. It tasks, the soldier must be literate in the is the institution's mission that is and It is therefore, important for the armed language and technology of the present. should be served by the corporation's forces to induct their personnel and officers He should be able to sense and adapt to training. The individual's goals and the with the right education. After induction, fast-moving, sometimes unpredictable, worker's broadening aspirations and they must be trained in a focused manner technical and socio-political change. personal development, though sometimes to be able to take on military missions in Critical thinking and interpretive skills served, are not what the training is all the ‘fog of war’, dealing with latest based on both broad and technical about. In the aggregate, military service technology and resources. education are requirements of the modern training programs are designed to convert battlefield and of the "peacetime" young civilians to military life, train them as

Contributed by Sanjay

About the Author

Capt Sanjay Kumar (Retd) is a Senior Consultant at Dahra and has an experience of serving 25 years in the Indian Navy. He is specialist in Anti Submarine Warfare

environments into which the militaries now military specialists and/or military leaders. operate. The soldier of the future has to be It then seeks to develop those selected as much a thinker as a doer. through a systematic career progression as To quote an example, the Indian Navy’s soldiers are prepared for higher skill levels minimum qualification for a commissioned and greater leadership responsibilities. Page 12 | The Dahra Quarter |

DRIVING A GREY LAND CRUISER (WITH AN APPLE IN HAND)!

(‘So you want to drive a grey Ferrari’….was learnt, innovated, adapted and That rang a bell! I found the answer! All I the title of a well written article that drove experimented constantly in coming up with had to do is to ‘analogize’ all learnings of home few points to a ‘young budding the ‘right solutions’. The results varied from navigation through references to the Land executive officer’ taking his initial steps in partial success to utter failure. The start Cruiser/Lexus or the Apple. It was a bit getting his sea legs) point always was to gain the attention weird and trying at start, but soon I realized trainee and then you could you’re your way that it was making a difference. And very Despite the cushion of years of experience around. quickly I was adept at relating any learning of sea and training assignments, it was through these two ‘training aids’! From with a sense of trepidation that I Whilst looking around for solution, I didn’t Safe Speed in Colregs to ECDIS, from approached the tasking of training QENF fail to notice that the young man donning Initial Settings’ in ARPA to Righting Lever officers. As said variously, no amount of the QENF officer’s uniform (and true for in stability - I found my refuge in these preparation can equip you fully to meet any any youngster) lived his life on fast lane. training aids! situation but can only help you diminish the This pace was well supplemented by his downsides. You then need to fall back on SUV and the iPhone. It’s obviously a fact So from having learnt my ropes through basic innate skills to innovate on the spot that this country (as true of its surrounding) ‘So you want to drive a grey ferrarri’, I am to get going. is the favourite sales ground for the high eagerly looking forward to these young end SUVs and the flagship mobiles. No QENF 2Lts at sea – driving their grey Land Looking back at the last two years and 6 wonder the young QENF officers can be Cruisers with Apple with aplomb – working batches of young QEN officers undergoing zipping past in their Land Cruisers/Lexus their CIRs and Fixes! Inshallah! Sub Lt Courses, there were innumerable and remaining forever stuck to the ‘Apple’! challenges in meeting the tasking. We Contributed by BeeKay

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Technology & Innovation

SATELLITE BASED information transmitted from the onboard Satellite AIS (S-AIS) provides AUTOMATIC AIS equipment in order to track and unmatched visibility into global maritime monitor those ships close to shore has traffic. This information can be used for IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM become a standard practice of the vessel a wide range of vital applications (AIS) monitoring service for the maritime including: authorities in many nations.  Vessel Monitoring Approximately 70 percent of the world’s The AIS, however, is limited to fulfil the  Security surface is ocean. People are dependent on needs of globally identifying the ships due  Environmental these oceans as 90 percent of present to the limitation of the VHF horizontal range  Search & Rescue global trade takes place on the ocean. (approximately 20nm and 100nm for Within these areas, Satellite AIS has Industry, governments, maritime authorities onboard AIS equipment and shore‐based numerous uses for maritime traffic tracking and businesses need to have a complete AIS station, respectively). Moreover, the and monitoring. Satellite AIS is gaining situations at sea pertaining to the unlawful importance as the maritime community acts of piracy, armed robbery and port begins to benefit from reliable vessel attack by utilising ships as a weapon has monitoring extending far beyond the now drawn several coastal states to put the horizon. Further advances in satellite long‐range or global ship monitoring constellations and ground stations are system on their highest agenda in order to increasing the amount and quality of data effectively track and identify the ships in collected from space. the wider horizon and at an earlier time, picture of what is going on at sea in order even in real time. As a result, the ship This has created the capability to have a to safeguard people. Technology exists to monitoring system combining the AIS complete global view of all the world’s address this critical need to have a information capacity and the satellite global shipping with more uses and analysis comprehensive global maritime picture. range detection has been driven and applications being discovered as the data Since 2004, the International Maritime sustained since the beginning of this becomes integrated into existing Organization (IMO) has required century. That is why Satellite-AIS (S-AIS) operational systems. S-AIS is the only mandatory AIS transponders to be aboard has become more popular and the means of providing comprehensive and most vessels. The Safety of Life at Sea maritime community is seeing reliable persistent geospatial intelligence for the (SOLAS) Convention, Chapter V, states: vessel monitoring that goes far beyond timely and accurate monitoring of vessels “All ships of 300 gross tonnage and what was once thought possible. And with on a global basis. upwards engaged on international voyages more advances in satellite constellations and cargo ships of 500 gross tonnage and and ground stations, the amount and Contributed by Abhijeet upwards not engaged on international quality of data that can be collected from voyages and passenger ships irrespective space is increasing. Due to these About the Author of size shall be fitted with an AIS” and ever advancements, S-AIS gives a complete Cdr Abhijeet Tripathi (Retd) is a Senior since its introduction, the role that AIS has global view of the entire world’s maritime Consultant at Dahra and has an played in ensuring the navigational safety, activity and enables the timely & accurate experience of serving 20 years in the maritime security, marine search & rescue monitoring of ships across the globe. Indian Navy. He is specialist in and environmental protection at sea & on The S-AIS system uses special Communication and Electronic Warfare shore has been well acknowledged. Advanced AIS receivers on Low Earth The AIS is a recognized technology for orbit (LEO) satellites to detect AIS tracking maritime activity and refers to the signals from space. The AIS signals technology working on the Very High recorded in orbit are downlinked Frequency (VHF) radio wave that enables regularly to ground stations. After the the ship’s various information such as info is received on Earth, powerful name, position, type, speed, course, cargo, computing is applied to sort out all the destination etc. to be automatically AIS messages from the noise of all the exchanged between ship to ship as well as cells. It processes all of the information between ship to shore in real time. and decollides all the messages that Nowadays, the utilisation of shore‐based were received simultaneously from AIS station network to capture the ship’s vessels using specialised algorithms.

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RETRO-FITMENT OF 800A & 400A MCCBS – BARZAN CLASS

Obsolescence Management is a reality and an adage for all littoral navies. This paradigm shift is to aid and infuse new lease of life to equipment and systems with optimisation, utility and performance of the ship and the same is being best handled by QEN. Dahra had an opportunity to partner QEN in its quest to replace obsolete 800 A & 400 Ampere MCCBs, enhancing credible performance of the generators and main switch board with effective power management. Schneider’s initial solution was constrained owing to the space limitations. Innovative on ground inputs with firm luminescence did not dampen the spirit of Team Dahra but recommendation from Dahra aided in Schneider making reinforced project actualization. requisite amends to meet the unique dimensional requirement The replacement of 22 no MCCBs on three ships was apart from ensuring minimum modification whilst maximizing undertaken at breakneck speed and completed in four weeks performance. with eight weeks (800A MCCBs) & 10 weeks (400A MCCBs) to The contractual time from delivery to installation of these 800 & spare. 400 Ampere MCCBs on has been six months four & half months Support and involvement from QEN viz., Workshops, Flotilla & respectively. With diligent planning and close monitoring through Ship’s crew was unparalleled in aid of the work at hand. As true the production & testing phase at the OEM’s premises, gave the enablers, they did ensure the availability of ships & extended requisite impetus to ensure adherence to project timelines. unstinted support system in the workshop towards Production was on time & the material was received in three accomplishment of this arduous project. months, while the 400 A MCCBs were received in three weeks!!! Summer heat & uninhabitable conditions in the engine room compounded by very limited availability of ventilation and Contributed by Equipment & Maintenance Department

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Technology & Innovation

NORTH SEA PASSAGE - THE NEW SILK ROAD

The Suez Canal has been the most shipping increased to 41 in the intervening Silver Lining — A New Silk Route efficient route to transport large amounts of period of 2011-2016. Although, it is just a On September 10, 2013 the Chinese cargo between Asia and Europe. fraction in comparison to the approximate vessel Yong Sheng arrived at the Port of Over the past decades climate change has 17,000 vessels that annually pass the Suez Rotterdam to become the first container led to higher temperatures in the Northern Canal, the Arctic route could see an ship to complete a voyage through the Arctic resulting in the quantum of sea ice exponential change in utility in the near Arctic from Shanghai. This voyage using decreasing significantly rendering the term. the Northeast Passage was approximately Arctic waters above Russia better Challenges 9 days and 2,800 nautical miles shorter in navigable. The current challenges undermine the comparison to the traditional Suez Canal Maritime companies, especially shipping economies of scale achieved by large route. As a result, China Ocean Shipping companies, have evinced interest in the containerships. The shallow bathymetry at (Group) Company viz., COSCO, has taken development of a Northeast Passage to the coastal route of the Northeast Passage the lead to use the Northeast Passage as a shorten the trade route between East Asia and the straits of Sannikov & Dmitry Laptev new cargo route for Euro-Asia trade. and Western Europe in comparison with with limiting depths of about 13 and 7 m COSCO advocates the numerous the conventional Suez Canal route. restrict the size of ships to approximately advantages to shipping companies of Northeast Passage augurs well with a 2500-4500 TEU. While in comparison, cutting “Enormous expenditures on fuel, potential to greatly diminish the sailing Suez Canal offers greater predictability in canal transit, and security”, with a reduced distance viz., ships departing from navigation to shipping companies all-round fuel use and emission by about 35 percent. Shanghai, Busan, Yokohama or Busan to the year without dependency on the It is indeed a beginning for COSCO to have the destination Rotterdam would decrease season and assistance of ice breakers. sent five vessels through the Arctic Ocean their journey by 2,511 to 4,122 nautical The limited port availability for maintenance in 2016, albeit approximately 700 of its miles, which is about 25-37 per cent. and support apart from the absence of modern merchant vessels using the Suez Furthermore, the development of a railway highly populated coastal areas are a Canal. connecting China with Europe enables disadvantage of the Northeast Passage, The Northeast Passage may not attract the another way for goods to be transported considering the philosophy of container container ships for now, but brings new faster between East and West. Can these ships rarely unloading all cargo at a single possibilities for the transport of natural quicker trading routes cause a shift in the destination, but visit several large ports on resources. Bulk carriers and tankers would transport of cargo among Asia and Europe?

Increased Significance Prior 2008, the Northeast Passage was rarely used as a maritime route between Europe and Asia. The shipment of dry cargo here remained mainly domestic. However, a significant change was noticed between 2008 and 2016, where in, the annual average of ships using the their voyage to distribute cargo. transport minerals, metals and oil from Northeast Passage for international Northern Russia to China, Japan, Page 16 | The Dahra Quarter |

Scandinavia, and even the Netherlands. The rail connectivity between China &

Europe has opened new vistas of overland connection improving on the logistics nightmare in the hinterland, this Northeast Passage would aid in bridging the large trade imbalance between China and Europe. Full containers from China arrive daily in Europe, but filling these containers with return cargo still remains a challenge. As these containers eventually have to return to China within the limited shipment prices apart from the transit time, Northeast Passage could aid in minimizing the cost of transportation in support of the rail network. The cargo from Europe could move beyond the realms of China to Japan & Koreas as well.

Expected Economic Lure The Arctic waters create opportunities for companies in the fields of offshore, ship building and port construction. The first cue has been taken by BigRoll, an innovative provider of heavy marine transportation solutions located in Leiden, Netherlands. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND THE MILITARY BigRoll has successfully delivered four deck carriers to the Yamal LNG (Liquefied AI uses big data techniques to interrogate too is it likely to proliferate through military Natural Gas) Project, in the middle of the massive databases to discover hidden decision-making. It may be used in Northern Arctic Route, constructed patterns and correlations – and are intelligence analysis, strategic decision specifically to operate in the Arctic Waters, continually leveraged for intelligence and support, operational planning, command and are therefore equipped with Finnish security purposes by nation states and non and control, logistics, and weapon systems Swedish Ice Class 1A, which are are -state entities alike. Quantum computing, across all environments. designed to operate in difficult ice- first applied to encryption functions, is now In future conflicts, decision cycles are likely conditions mainly without icebreaker a key computing enabler, especially for to become faster than the capacity of assistance artificial intelligence. human cognition to process. Military Moreover, cargo arriving in European ports A principal reason that militaries need command and control and strategic can be additionally transported to Great artificial intelligence is the convergence of decision-makers alike will need artificial Britain, Scandinavia, and even the East large quantities of sensors, intelligence that can process information Coast of the United States, in aid to reduce communications networks, and an and recommend options for making transit & shipping time from China. accelerating stream of data and decisions faster (or of higher quality) than The Northeast Passage is in for some information. As the quantity of information an adversary can. Military organizations interesting times triggering a new continues to increase, the capacity of will likely contain thousands or even tens of economic growth in the Arctic ice. humans to deal with it is not increasing thousands of unmanned and robotic commensurately. Indeed, humans are fast systems, all-encompassing some form of An adaptation to an article becoming the most sluggish link in decision artificial intelligence. In this environment, published in Maritime Holland – 06 Mar 18 -making. where all sides may possess artificial intelligence and autonomous systems, the Contributed by Godwin Just as AI has proliferated in commerce, so race will go to the intellectually swift..

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Chit-Chat

This year’s World Environment day ran the theme ‘Beat Plastic aim to highlight the Pollution”. How did Qatar observe this day? Qatar has supported amount of waste the drive to reduce plastic pollution and protect the environment. people produce, as The Qatar National Vision 2030 lays immense importance on well as to educating the people of Qatar on how they can protect the showcase creative environment and positively contribute towards reducing plastic and artistic ways to pollution within the country. deal with trash. A Campaigns to reduce plastic pollution are already underway and large number of slowly and gradually, through the initiatives of the Ministry of volunteers came Municipality and Environment (MME) awareness is growing among together to the people of Qatar to reduce their plastic waste: complete the art Beach clean up project, which Every year hundreds of volunteers get together to clean the drove the message beaches of Qatar where beach-goers leave their plastic waste lying to the wider around the beach. community that Recycling bins reducing, reusing A large number of recycling bins have been set up in strategic and recycling locations around the country and campaigns to plant more trees are waste is the way to fast growing popular. go for minimising the negative effects of waste on the environment. Recyclable bags Making use of a collection of as many as 60,000 bottle caps, Many supermarket chains are encouraging customers to use their bottles, bags, plates and spoons, the art project was designed by recyclable bags that are available at a very low cost, and some are Visual Arts Forum India (VAFI), and had Jotun, Spinneys and Qatar using paper bags instead of plastic ones. Plastic Products Company as its sponsors. Artist Patric Rozario, an Plastic Waste disposal active member of VAFI, and many of the group's other members Stringent regulations have been put in place and strict measures played key roles in building the 3D pond project, which was are being taken to dispose off plastic waste effectively so as to unveiled on 29 March in celebration of Earth Hour. cause minimum damage to the environment. The Pearl-Qatar, in association with the Qatar Green Building Council (QGBC), organised a ‘Trash to Treasure’ art project with an

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MARINE ENVIRONMENT WATCH IN QATAR

he Ministry of Municipality Qatar, extending from Khor Al Udeid to and Environment began the south and east, then the second phase of the field rest of the sites north of Ras Rakan, T observation of the marine west and south to Salwa, passing environment in Qatar for the year through Dukhan, he said. 2018, part of the environmental He added that after the teams record monitoring plan for air, water and soil measurements of the different in the country. environmental variables in the specified sites, marine samples are The field monitoring team from the collected and stored by approved A GLIMPSE OF THE DOHA ministry, in co-operation with different technical methods and handed over to METRO municipalities, cities such as Ras an environmental laboratory affiliated Laffan Industrial City and Mesaieed with the department. Doha Metro, Qatar’s state-of-the-art rapid transit Industrial City and ports management The lab then runs physical, chemical system is set to be one of the most sophisticated company used modern monitoring and microbiological measurements of system in the region, connecting Doha to communities devices to begin the phase. 36 environmental parameters, to within and outside its vicinity. Here’s a look at how it The monitoring will continue until next prepare semi-annual and annual slowly takes form. Following its establishment in 2011, week. reports containing a comprehensive Qatar Railways Company (Qatar Rail) is leading one of Efforts to protect the Qatari assessment of the marine environment the largest rail projects in the world to meet the environment, resources and quality in the country to be submitted demands of Qatar’s dynamic and growing population. sustainability comes as part of Qatar's to the relevant authorities for follow- Four lines cover the Greater Doha area with second National Development up, he said. Head of the aquatic connections to commercial and residential areas Strategy 2018-2022. environment quality in the department throughout the city. In central Doha, the Metro will be Ali al-Kuwari said, the second phase underground; at the outskirts, it will mainly be at It also comes as part of the of observing the aquatic environment ground level or elevated. importance given to the environment in Qatar complies with the ongoing The project will be conducted over multiple phases: the by the country's leadership which is monthly programme of monitoring first phase will see the construction of three of the four reflected in making the issue the fourth seven maritime sites distributed across lines (Red, Gold, and Green) and 37 stations, pillar in the Qatar National Vision different parts of the country, where expected to be operational in 2020. Future phases 2030. the same procedures are carried out, involve the introduction of an additional line (Blue) and Manager of the Department of in addition to preparing monthly the expansion of the existing ones with more than 60 Environmental Observation Engineer reports on marine water quality. additional stations. The first expansion will be Hussein al-Kibisi said the current completed by 2026. The designs for the Metro do not phase follows last year's programme, He added that the department holds a include any large ticket offices or machines. Instead, where environmental data were monthly monitoring programme for sea passengers will purchase tickets via smartphones. recorded at 4 coastal sites and 14 water quality in Qatar and At the end of April 2018, 77% of the Doha Metro Phase beach locations using modern environmental urvey of the water 1 Program had been completed, including 81% of the equipment. quality discharged into the Gulf from construction work and 59% of works related to the These sites are accredited in the seven drainages belonging to the installation of various systems. The proposed date for programme and cover all areas of the Public Works Authority Ashghal. inauguration of the Doha Metro Phase 1 Red Line from important marine environment in Source: Gulf Times, Doha-Qatar Al Qassar to Al Wakra is 31 October 2018. Also known as the Coast Line, the line will have 18 stations, the biggest being Msheireb, handling 100,000 passengers an hour. West Bay Station has been renamed Qatar Insurance Group Station under the first agreement for naming stations.

Source: http://www.marhaba.qa/a-glimpse-of-the-doha- metro/

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Chit-Chat ACROSS 1 A lighter without means of self-propulsion. CROSSWORD PUZZLE 5 The type of mooring or berthing where ships are berthed at right angle to the berth with stern secured to jetty.

1D 2M 6 The strongest bulkhead in a ship.

3W 4C 8 The greatest width of the hull.

5 M

DOWN

2 The point of intersection of force of buoyancy in

upright position and force of buoyancy in heeled condition. 6C 7T 3 Process of moving a ship at berth using ropes and

without engines.

4 The curve surface of deck which will drain water to the 8 B ship’s side. 7 The difference between the forward and aft draught.

Created by Abhijeet

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18 - 27 October 2018

All Details: Qatar Sports Events

When: Where: 18 - 27 Oct Aspire Dome

Doha will host the 48th edition of the FIG Artistic Gymnastics World Championships from 18th- 27th October 2018 at the world renowned, state-of-the-art Aspire Dome. Already the successful host of seven editions of the FIG World Challenge Cup, Qatar’s progression in the development of gymnastics will take another step forward through the hosting of the World Championships, reflecting the country’s continuing emergence in one of the world’s oldest sports. During Doha’s bid, 18-year-old gymnast, Shaden Wahdan, reigning national senior female title-holder, stressed the immense potential the championship has to reach out and inspire a new generation of gymnasts across the Middle East Qatar Olympic Committee THE VENUE All in One concept The Aspire Zone, also known as Doha Sport City, is a 250 hectare (2.5 square kilometers) sporting complex located in Al Waab district of Doha, Qatar. Aspire Zone boasts some of the world’s finest sport stadia and venues offering a unique sport, sports medicine, research and education destination for the international sports industry. All required facilities will be accommodated under one roof at the world class facilities of Aspire Zone.

Aspire Dome  Competition hall with a capacity of 3,500 spectators which can be extended to 5,000  2 giant screens (LED) providing a constant display of results & live broadcasting  Multifunctional halls which can accommodate 8 training halls  Meeting rooms and offices (FIG members and technical delegates)  Auditorium for the technical meetings  Media centre & TV studios  VIP lounges and VIP dedicated tribunes  Lounges and restaurants http://worldgymdoha18.com

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Chit-Chat QATAR PERMANENT RESIDENCY ID CARD AND ITS PRIVILEGES

Permanent Residency Privileges Individuals who have done great services clear criteria will be set up by the to the country and those with special competent authorities to implement these According to the Law, permanent residency capabilities needed by the country are also standards to ensure the implementation of cardholders will be treated as Qataris in eligible for permanent residency and the law to achieve its purpose and provide government healthcare and educational exempted from the above condition of 10 more facilities and services to residents facilities in the country as per the and 20 years. who have a Permanent Residency card. conditions that will be applied. Permanent Residency Applications A working group was formed to prepare the A permanent residency cardholder will be implementation of this ground-breaking allowed to stay in Qatar without an Regarding the mechanism on how to can Law by preparing the necessary decisions employer or host (sponsor), exit and return apply for the permanent residency and arrangements for its to the country at any time and will be able card, Brigadier Al Muraikhi and Brigadier Al execution. Several meetings were held with to invest in sectors of the national economy Ateeq explained that application different law enforcement authorities, like and own real estate for residential and submission will be made available through the Ministry of Administrative Development, investment purposes. the MOI website or one of its electronic Labor and Social Affairs, the Ministry of applications. For this purpose, an electronic Economy and Trade, the Ministry of According to the new Law, the permanent network has been built to implement this Education and Higher Education, the residency card will be granted to long-term law and has been tried and tested. The Ministry of Health and the Ministry of residents in Qatar (20 years if born outside applications will be subjected to legal Municipalities and the Environment as part Qatar and 10 years if born in Qatar) with review and compliance to meet all legal of implementation. enough income to meet his needs and thoe requirements and other conditions by legal of his family, should enjoy good conduct auditors of the Committee. Then the Source: iloveqatar.net and reputation, and have adequate applications will be submitted to the knowledge of the Arabic language. Committee which will issue its recommendations on such applications. In CROSSWORD PUZZLE Permanent Residency Eligibility case of approval, the applications will be ANSWERS:

referred to the General Directorate of 1. DUMB Children of a Qatari woman married with a Passports to issue Permanent Residency 2. METACENTRE 3. WARPING non-Qatari as per the law, children of a Card. 4. CAMBER Qatari by naturalisation, a non-Qatari 5. MEDITERRANEAN husband of aQatari woman, a non-Qatari 6. COLLISION Brigadier Al Muraikhi and Brigadier Al 7. TRIM wife of a Qatari man are exempted from the Ateeq also pointed out that specific and 8. BEAM above condition of 10 and 20 years.

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Imagine a device that can do everything: widely—anything from wood to brass—they Give you the time, your location, your shared a similar structure. horoscope, and even help you make In general, these multi-use tools consist of decisions—all with the swipe of a hand. a circular stack of sliding features all No, this isn’t the iPhone. It’s the Astrolabe, embedded within a disk called a Astrolabe a remarkably versatile tool that was used “mater”. This device helps to find the for centuries in European and Islamic altitude of a star—often the starting point of cultures before being quietly a calculation. Because the geography of overshadowed by newer technologies. the sky changes with your latitude, tables and almanacs with pertinent I first came across the Astrolabe during my astrolabes commonly came with a series of information. visit to the Museum of Islamic Art in Doha. plates associated with different latitudes of Bartolomeu Dias used the astrolabe to Its intricate design and the layers of large cities. figure out the latitude of the Cape of Good numerous disks really fascinated me. It Astrolabes had blended uses, from Hope in 1488, because they were so far aroused my curiosity to find out more about scientific to what we would today consider south that they lost Polaris. this amazing device. spiritual. They have a strong history in But by the 17th and 18th It’s difficult to know who first invented the Islam as a tool to find both the direction of centuries, mechanical clocks were astrolabe, since writings about the earliest prayer toward Mecca—known as the becoming more reliable and affordable. On astrolabes were likely recorded on papyrus Qibla—as well as the five times of prayer top of that, new rational approaches to that has decayed. But there is strong required throughout the day, as stated in science were developing, and people’s evidence that the astrolabe got its start the Quran. faith in astrology, and therefore their need around the time of Claudius Ptolemy, a While the astrolabe may strike some of for astrolabes, began to subside. famous Greek astronomer who lived in the today’s scientists as primitive, even its less And so, by the 17th and 18th centuries, the Roman Empire during the 2nd century AD. -scientific components helped inspire astrolabe began to fall out of fashion. Other Ptolemy left records suggesting he used a modern techniques. From the invention of devices, like modern clocks, sextants for three-dimensional instrument similar to the the astrolabe came new methods of precise navigation, and much later modern astrolabe to make calculations. mathematics, along with the early computers, took their place. The astrolabe, which translates roughly to development of astronomy. “star-taker” in Greek, travelled out of An astrolabe would have been amongst the by Laura Poppick Europe and into the Islamic world by the suite of tools that Christopher Columbus www.smithsonianmag.com/ 8th century. While devices from different would have used when exploring the New regions and time periods could vary World, along with a quadrant and various

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Chit-Chat

5G is HERE!

What is 5G? significantly faster than its predecessor 4G connections, so the rollout for 5G is 4G. This should allow for higher likely to be very patchy. 5G stands for the fifth generation of the productivity across all capable devices with WHEN can I get a 5G phone? next wireless mobile standard. According a theoretical download speed of 10,000 to the Next Generation Mobile Network's Mbps. Commercial 5G networks are likely to start 5G white paper, 5G connections must be launching in mid 2019 or 2020 so even "Current 4G mobile standards have the based on 'user experience, system though some phones will be available ahead potential to provide 100s of Mbps. 5G performance, enhanced services, business of this, users will still need a 5G-ready mobile offers to take that into multi-gigabits per models and management & operations’. network to make full use of them, and they’re second, giving rise to the ‘Gigabit The 5G New Radio (NR) specification was likely to have issues, including short battery Smartphone’ and hopefully a slew of released by standards body 3GPP in late life, unstable connectivity and lack of innovative services and applications that 2017 - and chips are already being built '5G handover to 4G networks. In Qatar, Ooredoo truly need the type of connectivity that only -ready' and in order to qualify for a 5G a announced that the first commercial 5G 5G can offer. Plus, with greater bandwidth connection should meet most of these eight network has now reached 50 sites. comes faster download speeds and the criteria: Ooredoo’s 5G network roll-out will have a ability to run more complex mobile internet hugely positive impact on many business 1. One to 10Gbps connections to end apps. sectors and organizations in Qatar. points in the field Disadvantages of 5G 2. One millisecond end-to-end round-trip Most noticeably, 5G serves as the next step delay However, 5G will cost more to implement in network evolution, as it has much higher 3. 1000x bandwidth per unit area and while the newest mobile phones will speeds and capacity and extreme low 4. 10 to 100x number of connected probably have it integrated, other handsets latency. Ooredoo 5G will enable new types devices could be deemed out of date. A reliable, of applications like driverless cars and smart 5. (Perception of) 99.999 percent wireless internet connection can depend on roads, the connection of millions of low availability the number of devices connected to one powered connected devices, Augmented 6. (Perception of) 100 percent coverage channel. With the addition of 5G to the Reality and much more. 7. 90 percent reduction in network wireless spectrum, this could put us at risk of overcrowding the frequency range. The energy usage 8. Up to ten-year battery life for low problems with 4G and even 3G aren't exactly filling us with the hope of an power, machine-type devices Contributed by Phil Advantages of 5G immediate super-fast connection. For a long time (and still even now) certain Like all the previous generations, 5G will be handsets and don't support or can access Page 24 | The Dahra Quarter |

WHY FACTS DON’T CHANGE OUR MIND

Leo Tolstoy once wrote, “The most difficult subjects can be explained to the most slow- times we believe things because they make socially. witted man if he has not formed any idea of us look good to the people we care about. The brilliant Japanese writer Haruki Murani them already; but the simplest thing cannot If a brain anticipates that it will be rewarded Once wrote “Always remember that to be made clear to the most intelligent man if for adapting a particular belief or thing, it’s argue, and win is to break down the reality he is firmly persuaded that he knows perfectly happy to do so, and doesn’t much of the person you are arguing against. It is already, without a shadow of doubt, what is care where the reward comes from- painful to lose your reality, so be kind even laid before him”. whether it is pragmatic (better outcomes if you are right. What is going on here? Why don’t facts resulting from better decisions), social or When we are in the moment we can easily change our minds? And why would mix of two. forget that the goal is to connect with the someone continue to believe a false or False beliefs can be useful in a social other side, collaborate with them, befriend inaccurate thing anyway? How do such sense even if they are not useful in a them and integrate them to our tribe. We behaviors serve us? factual sense. For lack of better phrase, we are so caught up in winning that we forget Human needs reasonably accurate view of might call this approach “factually false, but about connecting. the world in order to survive. If your model socially accurate”. When we have to The word “kind” originated from the word of reality is widely different from the actual choose between the two, people often “kin”. “When you are kind to someone it world, then you struggle to take effective choose family and friends over facts. means you are treating them like family. actions each day. However, the truth and Convincing some one to change their mind This I think is a good method for changing accuracy are not the only things that mater is really the process of convincing them to someone’s mind. to the human mind, but humans also seem change their tribe. If they abandon their to have a deep desire to belong and want belief, they run the risk of losing social ties. An adaptation to an Article published in to fit in to a bond with others, and earn the You can’t expect someone to change their Habits Academy by James Clear – 10 Sep respect and approval of our peers. mind if you take away their community too. 18 For most of our evolutionary history, our You have to give them some where to go. Santhosh Kumar K ancestors lived in tribes, becoming Nobody wants their world view torn apart if separated from the tribe was a death loneliness is the outcome. sentence. In many circumstances, social The way to change people’s mind is to connection is actually more helpful to your become friends with them, to integrate daily life than understanding the truth of them into your tribe, to bring them in to your particular fact. We don’t always believe circle. Now they can change their belief things because they are correct, some without the risk of being abandoned

| Volume 2 Edition 3 | Page 25

Chit-Chat INNOVATIVE AND FAN-CENTRED 2019 IAAF WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS ANNOUNCED

ambition, bringing together sport expertise other events around the world. and cultural knowledge in a new and Further progress has been made with the entertaining way. It is exciting to see the completion of the renovation of Khalifa way the World Championships are being International Stadium, which has been developed and adapted to the host country transformed into one of the most and region mixing world class competition technologically advanced stadiums in the with an ambitious entertainment and world. The Global Sustainability Doha is the venue for 2019 IAAF World engagement plan that we hope will delight Assessment System (GSAS) certified Athletics Championship to be held from 26 athletes, spectators and viewers around stadium has LED lighting, digital floodlights Sptember to 06 October 2019. the world.” and air-conditioning technology that will provide optimal conditions for athletes, Progress on Track “We have some great World Championship firsts as well. The first 4x400m mixed relay spectators, officials and media. Commenting on the Championships, Vice will have its global debut ahead of the Chairman and Director General of the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games, the first Working with bespoke light and stage Local Organising Committee and IAAF Vice midnight marathon, the evening sessions designers will allow fully integrated state of President Dahlan Al Hamad, said: with semi-finals and finals only and the art video screens and stage designs, “It is our ambition to organise an dedicated slots in the timetaable for the bringing the wonderful Doha landmarks to innovative, creative and exciting event that final stages of field events allowing full the Khalifa Stadium, creating never seen inspires and engages new fans, new focus on the decisive and most thrilling before scenery for the medal ceremonies athletes and new audiences and moments and attempts. We are looking and the competition. maximises the full potential of our region’s forward to seeing how these firsts and the first-ever IAAF World Championships. We engagement format will come together next The stadium, which lies at the heart of are very excited to unveil, in partnership year to deliver a World Championships that Doha’s world-renowned sporting centre, with the IAAF, the new competition will look and feel different.” the Aspire Park, was fully and successfully schedule and night marathon format. tested for the Emir Cup Final in 2017 and These will enable us to showcase the sport A Midnight Marathon will be utilised further ahead of the World Championships with the 2019 Doha like never seen before, capturing the The spectacular midnight marathon will Diamond League and the 2019 Asian attention of young people in Qatar and take place along Doha’s iconic Corniche Athletics Championships, which will be the around the world and connecting them to with the city’s iconic night skyline as a official test event for the World the contagious excitement of athletics. beautiful backdrop, providing stunning Championships. Progress is fully on track for WCH Doha imagery for TV’s global audience. Lights 2019 and we look forward to combining our along the entire route will bring the full State-of-the-Art Surfaces passion for athletics, our experience and marathon to life with spectators enjoying knowledge of hosting major athletics family-friendly activities to give the event a When the world’s best athletes take the events, and our warm hospitality and rich festival atmosphere for athletes and fans global stage at the IAAF World culture to organise a unique, memorable alike. The popularity of night running Championships Doha 2019, it will be on a and highly successful World events has grown considerably over recent Championships. We cannot wait to years with Doha 2019 embracing the latest welcome the world to Doha in 2019.” trend of the biggest global movement to bring a unique and different element to the IAAF President Sebastian Coe had said: World Championships. Organisers will “Finding ways to bring the emotion and apply experience gained in hosting the appeal of athletics to the local community world’s first night-time MotoGP race at and the region has always been one of Lusail International Circuit to ensure a Mondotrack WS surface. For the first time- Doha’s ambitions for hosting the IAAF highly successful event that leaves a future ever the colour chosen for the track will be World Championships. Both our teams legacy for further night road racing and pink. This new aspect as enabled MONDO have explored creative ways to meet this to personalise its prefabricated surface to

Page 26 | The Dahra Quarter |

athletics events for over 21 years from the around the region will be inspired to first-ever IAAF Grand Prix in 1997, which participate in athletics. This isn’t just about later became the Doha Diamond League in becoming a future World Champion but 2010 and this year is celebrating its ninth enjoying the simple fun and excitement of edition, in addition to the 2010 IAAF World the best sport in the world.” Indoor Championships. Qatar won its first The WCH Doha 2019 will be particularly major medal in athletics at the Barcelona profound for the continued growth of 92 Olympic Games with Mohamed women’s athletics across the region. The match the look and feel of the event, whilst Suleiman taking bronze in the 1500m. performance of Qatar’s female athletics assuring its traditional uniform Since then, Qatar’s strength and depth on team has improved considerably over biomechanical response all over the track the global stage has continued to grow and recent years with females participating in surface. Commenting on behalf of Mondo last year the nation’s sporting legend Mutaz the past two Olympic Games and strong Sport & Flooring, Maurizio Stroppiana said: Barshim won the coveted IAAF World achievements on a regional level. Athlete of the Year award after becoming “In January 2018, we completed the Commenting on the opportunity, Sheikha the first high jumper since 2004 to be installation of our Mondotrack for the main Asma Al Thani, Marketing and undefeated for a whole season and warm-up tracks at Khalifa International Communications Director of the WCH Stadium. We are proud to be part of the Speaking about the opportunity that the Doha 2019 said: transformation of the biggest Stadium in Doha 2019 World Championships will “It is our ambition that the World Qatar, contributing to its improvement with bring, Mutaz Barshim said: Championships in Doha will help to inspire our track surface. Further to the innovative “I am so excited to compete in the IAAF more young girls from across the region to look and feel of the color, the surface is World Championships in front of my home see that anything is possible and that they Greenguard Gold, certified for its low VOC crowd, with my family and friends in the can achieve their dreams. We want to emissions. We believe Mondotrack WS will stadium. It is not many athletes that get to break down barriers and change contribute to the look, to the performances experience a special moment like that. perceptions of Arab women in sport, and and to the sustainability of the IAAF World However, more importantly I want to create inspire and empower more and more girls Championships Doha 2019.” a spark that will later become a legacy. I to participate in sport at any level.” hope that more young people in Qatar and

Qatar has been hosting international Source: www.iaaf.org

T E A M E D I T O R I A L

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