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The French Communist Party and the Algerian
THE FRENCH COMMUNIST PARTY AND THE ALGERIAN WAR Also by Daniele Joly IMMIGRANT ASSOCIATIONS IN EUROPE (editor with John Rex and Czarina Witpert) RELUCTANT HOSTS: EUROPE AND ITS REFUGEES (editor with Rnbin Cohen) The French COlDlDunist Party and the Algerian War Daniele J oly Senior Research Fellow University of Warwick Palgrave Macmillan ISBN 978-1-349-21289-7 ISBN 978-1-349-21287-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-21287-3 All rights reserved. For information, write: Scholarly and Reference Division, St. Martin's Press, Inc., 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1991 First published in the United States of America in 1991 Phototypeset by Input Typesetting Ltd, London Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Joly, Daniele The French Communist Party and the Algerian War/Daniele Joly. p. em. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-0-312-04211-0 I. Algeria-History-Revolution, 1954--1962-Public opinion. 2. Parti communiste fran<;;ais. 3. Communists-France-Attitudes. 4. Public opinion-France. I. Title. DT295.J63 1991 90-34612 965' .04-dc20 CIP Contents Glossary vi Preface IX Acknowledgements xiv Introduction xv Algeria under French Colonisation 1 2 The PCF and the Colonial Question: A Historical Perspective 20 3 The PCF, the International Situation and the Algerian War 42 4 The French Nation 55 5 The PCF and the Algerian Nation 68 6 France's Military Involvement in Algeria: The PCF and the Oppositionnels 100 7 Synthesis on the Opposition 130 Conclusion Notes and References 149 Bibliography 165 Index 176 v Glossary VOCABULARY Appeles The French army is composed of conscripts and professionals. -
Art, Philosophy, and the Philosophy Of
NATIONAL E N D O W M E N T FOR THE HUMANITIES VOLUME 4 NUMBER 1 FEBRUARY 1983 Humanities Art, Philosophy, and the Philosophy of Art period of Abstract Expressionism, ward behavior might be indistin when decisions for or against The guishable between the two. In all these Image were fraught with an almost cases one must seek the differences religious agony, the crass and casual outside the juxtaposed and puzzling use of tacky images by the new examples, and this is no less the case artists seemed irreverent and juve when seeking to account for the dif nile. But the Warhol show raised a ferences between works of art and question which was intoxicating and mere real things which happen immediately philosophical, namely exactly to resemble them. why were his boxes works of art This problem could have been while the almost indistinguishable raised at any time, and not just with utilitarian cartons were merely con the somewhat minimal sorts of tainers for soap pads? Certainly the works one might suspect the Brillo minor observable differences could Boxes to be. It was always conceiva not ground as grand a distinction as ble that exact counterparts to the that between Art and Reality! most prized and revered works of BY ARTHUR C. DANTO A philosophical question arises art could have come about in ways Not very many years ago, whenever we have two objects inconsistent with their being works aesthetics—understood as the phi which seem in every relevant par at all, though no observable differ losophy of art—was regarded as the ticular to be alike, but which belong ences could be found. -
Century 100 Years of Type in Design
Bauhaus Linotype Charlotte News 702 Bookman Gilgamesh Revival 555 Latin Extra Bodoni Busorama Americana Heavy Zapfino Four Bold Italic Bold Book Italic Condensed Twelve Extra Bold Plain Plain News 701 News 706 Swiss 721 Newspaper Pi Bodoni Humana Revue Libra Century 751 Boberia Arriba Italic Bold Black No.2 Bold Italic Sans No. 2 Bold Semibold Geometric Charlotte Humanist Modern Century Golden Ribbon 131 Kallos Claude Sans Latin 725 Aurora 212 Sans Bold 531 Ultra No. 20 Expanded Cockerel Bold Italic Italic Black Italic Univers 45 Swiss 721 Tannarin Spirit Helvetica Futura Black Robotik Weidemann Tannarin Life Italic Bailey Sans Oblique Heavy Italic SC Bold Olbique Univers Black Swiss 721 Symbol Swiss 924 Charlotte DIN Next Pro Romana Tiffany Flemish Edwardian Balloon Extended Bold Monospaced Book Italic Condensed Script Script Light Plain Medium News 701 Swiss 721 Binary Symbol Charlotte Sans Green Plain Romic Isbell Figural Lapidary 333 Bank Gothic Bold Medium Proportional Book Plain Light Plain Book Bauhaus Freeform 721 Charlotte Sans Tropica Script Cheltenham Humana Sans Script 12 Pitch Century 731 Fenice Empire Baskerville Bold Bold Medium Plain Bold Bold Italic Bold No.2 Bauhaus Charlotte Sans Swiss 721 Typados Claude Sans Humanist 531 Seagull Courier 10 Lucia Humana Sans Bauer Bodoni Demi Bold Black Bold Italic Pitch Light Lydian Claude Sans Italian Universal Figural Bold Hadriano Shotgun Crillee Italic Pioneer Fry’s Bell Centennial Garamond Math 1 Baskerville Bauhaus Demian Zapf Modern 735 Humanist 970 Impuls Skylark Davida Mister -
Design One Project Three Introduced October 21. Due November 11
Design One Project Three Introduced October 21. Due November 11. Typeface Broadside/Poster Broadsides have been an aspect of typography and printing since the earliest types. Printers and Typographers would print a catalogue of their available fonts on one large sheet of paper. The introduction of a new typeface would also warrant the issue of a broadside. Printers and Typographers continue to publish broadsides, posters and periodicals to advertise available faces. The Adobe website that you use for research is a good example of this purpose. Advertising often interprets the type creatively and uses the typeface in various contexts to demonstrate its usefulness. Type designs reflect their time period and the interests and experiences of the type designer. Type may be planned to have a specific “look” and “feel” by the designer or subjective meaning may be attributed to the typeface because of the manner in which it reflects its time, the way it is used, or the evolving fashion of design. For this third project, you will create two posters about a specific typeface. One poster will deal with the typeface alone, cataloguing the face and providing information about the type designer. The second poster will present a visual analogy of the typeface, that combines both type and image, to broaden the viewer’s knowledge of the type. Process 1. Research the history and visual characteristics of a chosen typeface. Choose a typeface from the list provided. -Write a minimum150 word description of the typeface that focuses on two themes: A. The historical background of the typeface and a very brief biography of the typeface designer. -
Cloud Fonts in Microsoft Office
APRIL 2019 Guide to Cloud Fonts in Microsoft® Office 365® Cloud fonts are available to Office 365 subscribers on all platforms and devices. Documents that use cloud fonts will render correctly in Office 2019. Embed cloud fonts for use with older versions of Office. Reference article from Microsoft: Cloud fonts in Office DESIGN TO PRESENT Terberg Design, LLC Index MICROSOFT OFFICE CLOUD FONTS A B C D E Legend: Good choice for theme body fonts F G H I J Okay choice for theme body fonts Includes serif typefaces, K L M N O non-lining figures, and those missing italic and/or bold styles P R S T U Present with most older versions of Office, embedding not required V W Symbol fonts Language-specific fonts MICROSOFT OFFICE CLOUD FONTS Abadi NEW ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 01234567890 Abadi Extra Light ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 01234567890 Note: No italic or bold styles provided. Agency FB MICROSOFT OFFICE CLOUD FONTS ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 01234567890 Agency FB Bold ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 01234567890 Note: No italic style provided Algerian MICROSOFT OFFICE CLOUD FONTS ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ 01234567890 Note: Uppercase only. No other styles provided. Arial MICROSOFT OFFICE CLOUD FONTS ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 01234567890 Arial Italic ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 01234567890 Arial Bold ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 01234567890 Arial Bold Italic ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ -
Android (Operating System) 1 Android (Operating System)
Android (operating system) 1 Android (operating system) Android Home screen displayed by Samsung Nexus S with Google running Android 2.3 "Gingerbread" Company / developer Google Inc., Open Handset Alliance [1] Programmed in C (core), C++ (some third-party libraries), Java (UI) Working state Current [2] Source model Free and open source software (3.0 is currently in closed development) Initial release 21 October 2008 Latest stable release Tablets: [3] 3.0.1 (Honeycomb) Phones: [3] 2.3.3 (Gingerbread) / 24 February 2011 [4] Supported platforms ARM, MIPS, Power, x86 Kernel type Monolithic, modified Linux kernel Default user interface Graphical [5] License Apache 2.0, Linux kernel patches are under GPL v2 Official website [www.android.com www.android.com] Android is a software stack for mobile devices that includes an operating system, middleware and key applications.[6] [7] Google Inc. purchased the initial developer of the software, Android Inc., in 2005.[8] Android's mobile operating system is based on a modified version of the Linux kernel. Google and other members of the Open Handset Alliance collaborated on Android's development and release.[9] [10] The Android Open Source Project (AOSP) is tasked with the maintenance and further development of Android.[11] The Android operating system is the world's best-selling Smartphone platform.[12] [13] Android has a large community of developers writing applications ("apps") that extend the functionality of the devices. There are currently over 150,000 apps available for Android.[14] [15] Android Market is the online app store run by Google, though apps can also be downloaded from third-party sites. -
Chapter 1. Origins of Mac OS X
1 Chapter 1. Origins of Mac OS X "Most ideas come from previous ideas." Alan Curtis Kay The Mac OS X operating system represents a rather successful coming together of paradigms, ideologies, and technologies that have often resisted each other in the past. A good example is the cordial relationship that exists between the command-line and graphical interfaces in Mac OS X. The system is a result of the trials and tribulations of Apple and NeXT, as well as their user and developer communities. Mac OS X exemplifies how a capable system can result from the direct or indirect efforts of corporations, academic and research communities, the Open Source and Free Software movements, and, of course, individuals. Apple has been around since 1976, and many accounts of its history have been told. If the story of Apple as a company is fascinating, so is the technical history of Apple's operating systems. In this chapter,[1] we will trace the history of Mac OS X, discussing several technologies whose confluence eventually led to the modern-day Apple operating system. [1] This book's accompanying web site (www.osxbook.com) provides a more detailed technical history of all of Apple's operating systems. 1 2 2 1 1.1. Apple's Quest for the[2] Operating System [2] Whereas the word "the" is used here to designate prominence and desirability, it is an interesting coincidence that "THE" was the name of a multiprogramming system described by Edsger W. Dijkstra in a 1968 paper. It was March 1988. The Macintosh had been around for four years. -
Ordinance No. 04-61
.. 200500022607 BEST POSSIBLE IMAGE Filed for Record in HAMILTON COUNTY, INDIANA ALL PAGES JENNIFER J HAYDEN 0~-18-2OQ5 At 12'~7 >•• ORDINANCE 101.00 I ORDINANCE NO. 04-61 , AN ORDINANCE OF THE TOWN OF WESTFIELD CONCERNING AMENDMENT TO TITLE 16- LAND USE CONTROLS WHEREAS, The Town ofWeslfield, Indiana and the Township of Washington, both of Hamilton County, Indiana are subject to the Westfield Washington Township Zoning Ordinance; and WHEREAS, the Westfield-Washington Township Plan Commission ("Commission") considered a petition (docket 0310-PUD-06) filed with the Commission to rezone certain lands; and WHEREAS, the Westfield Washington Township Plan Commission did take action to forward the request to the Westfield town Council with a negative recommendation under the provision onc 36-7-4-605; and WHEREAS, the Secretary of the Commission certified the action of the commission to the Town Council on January 27, 2004; and WHEREAS, the Weslfield Town Council is subject to the provisions onc 36-7-4-608(t) or IC36-7-4-608(g) concerning any action on requests forwarded by the Advisory Plan Commission. NOW THEREFORE BE IT ORDAINED BY THE WESTFIELD TOWN COUNCIL THAT TITLE 16 OF THE WESTFIELD CODE OF ORDINANCE BE AMENDED AS FOLLOWS: SECTION 1. WC-16-04.Zoningmaps amended as follows: The Zoning Map accompanying and made a part of the Zoning Ordinance is amended to reclassifY the real estate described in the attachment "West Oak Planned Unit Development" hereto (Real Estate) wm EI to EI-PUD This real estate being subject to commitments and standards as detailed in the attachment "Westoak Industrial Park Planned unit Development District" 4/612004 Ordinance 04-01 SECTION 2. -
A Collection of Mildly Interesting Facts About the Little Symbols We Communicate With
Ty p o g raph i c Factettes A collection of mildly interesting facts about the little symbols we communicate with. Helvetica The horizontal bars of a letter are almost always thinner than the vertical bars. Minion The font size is approximately the measurement from the lowest appearance of any letter to the highest. Most of the time. Seventy-two points equals one inch. Fridge256 point Cochin most of 50the point Zaphino time Letters with rounded bottoms don’t sit on the baseline, but slightly below it. Visually, they would appear too high if they rested on the same base as the squared letters. liceAdobe Caslon Bold UNITED KINGDOM UNITED STATES LOLITA LOLITA In Ancient Rome, scribes would abbreviate et (the latin word for and) into one letter. We still use that abbreviation, called the ampersand. The et is still very visible in some italic ampersands. The word ampersand comes from and-per-se-and. Strange. Adobe Garamond Regular Adobe Garamond Italic Trump Mediaval Italic Helvetica Light hat two letters ss w it cam gue e f can rom u . I Yo t h d. as n b ha e rt en ho a s ro n u e n t d it r fo w r s h a u n w ) d r e e m d a s n o r f e y t e t a e r b s , a b s u d t e d e e n m t i a ( n l d o b s o m a y r S e - d t w A i e t h h t t , h d e n a a s d r v e e p n t m a o f e e h m t e a k i i l . -
Speaker Biographies
SPEAKER BIOGRAPHIES Speakers: Dr. Deborah Anderson, Researcher, Dept. of Linguistics, UC Berkeley Deborah (Debbie) Anderson is a Researcher in the Department of Linguistics at UC Berkeley. Since 2002, she has run the Script Encoding Initiative project, which helps get scripts and characters into the Unicode Standard. She also represents UC Berkeley in the Unicode Technical Committee meetings and is a member of the US National Body in ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2. In addition, she is a Unicode Technical Director. Zibi Braniecki, Mozilla, Sr. Staff Platform Engineer Zibi Braniecki is a Sr. Staff Platform Engineer at Mozilla working on internationalization and localization of Gecko and Firefox. Zibi represents Mozilla at TC39 committee and is championing multiple ECMA402 proposals. When not in front of the keyboard, he's captaining the Polish National Team in Ultimate Frisbee. Shane Carr, Senior Software Engineer, Internationalization, Google, Inc. Shane Carr is a Senior Software Engineer on Google's i18n Engineering team. He is chair of the ECMA 402 subcommittee for JavaScript i18n standards and is a core contributor to the International Components for Unicode (ICU) project. His work on ICU has focused on locale data, number formatting, and performance optimization. Shane has previously presented on Zawgyi and on ICU number formatting at the 41st and 42nd Internationalization & Unicode Conference (IUC). He has also presented at the 33rd International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML) and the 2015 Annual Meeting of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE). He holds an MS and BS in Computer Science and BS in Chemical Engineering summa cum laude from Washington University in St. -
ACH Payments File Upload Reference Guide (PDF)
ACH Payments File Upload Reference Guide Learn how to import a file to make ACH payments using Chase for Business or Chase Connect. MARCH 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS FILE SPECIFICATIONS............................................................................................................................ 4 FILE HEADER RECORD (1) ......................................................................................................................... 5 BATCH HEADER RECORD (5) .................................................................................................................... 5 ENTRY DETAIL RECORD (6) ....................................................................................................................... 7 ADDENDA RECORD (7)* ........................................................................................................................... 8 BATCH CONTROL RECORD (8) .................................................................................................................. 9 FILE CONTROL RECORD (9)..................................................................................................................... 10 SUPPORT FOR CHASE FOR BUSINESS & CHASE CONNECT ................................................................... 11 About the file upload service ............................................................................................................. 11 Important things you need to know .............................................................................................. -
ACH Payments CSV File Upload Reference Guide
ACH Payments CSV File Upload Reference Guide Learn how to import a file for ACH payments using Chase for Business or Chase Connect. March 2019 Last Modified: March 17, 2019 This guide is confidential and proprietary to J.P. Morgan and is provided for your general information only. It is subject to change without notice and is not intended to be legally binding. All services described in this guide are subject to applicable laws and regulations and service terms. Not all products and services are available in all locations. Eligibility for particular products and services will be determined by JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. or its affiliates. J.P. Morgan makes no representation as to the legal, regulatory or tax implications of the matters referred to in this guide. J.P. Morgan is a marketing name for the Treasury Services businesses of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., member FDIC, and its affiliates worldwide. ©2019 JPMorgan Chase & Co. All rights reserved. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS File specification ................................................................................................................................... 5 File information row (1).................................................................................................................... 7 Batch information row (5) ................................................................................................................ 8 Payment detail row (6) ..................................................................................................................... 9