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Rosa Bonheur – Ages 10 – Adult | Online Edition ROSA BONHEUR – AGES 10 – ADULT | ONLINE EDITION Step 1 - Introducing the Rosa Bonheur Slideshow Guide MOTIVATION BEGIN READING HERE Can you imagine having to get written permission from the police in order to dress in the kind of clothes you want to wear? Doesn’t that sound really strange? Let me tell you a very interesting story about today’s master artist, where this actually happened. In May of 1857 in Paris, France, a young artist applied for and received a police permit to wear men’s clothing in public. Men’s clothing consisted of long pants, a shirt and vest, and a jacket. Click Start Lesson To Begin 1. POLICE AUTHORIZATION This is a copy of the police permit, which had to be renewed every six months. The permit was issued for health reasons and was countersigned by the artist’s doctor. Now, this may all sound rather strange to you -- having to get permission from the police to get dressed -- but in this case, the artist who wanted to dress in men’s clothing was a woman - - Rosa Bonheur. Rosa Bonheur was thirty-five years old at the time she was issued this permit to wear long pants, but she had been wearing men’s clothing for many years already. She didn’t dress this way to be different or to outrage others. She was an animal painter who studied the anatomy and movement of cows and sheep at cattle fairs and slaughter and butcher houses. These were places where men worked, and women were basically not allowed. By wearing long pants and a short, cropped hairdo, Rosa Bonheur went almost unnoticed in a man’s world. Click Next To Change Slide 2. ENGRAVING OF THE ARTIST’S PARIS STUDIO Although she could paint portraits, landscapes or still life paintings, Rosa Bonheur chose to paint animals, because she loved them. Her studio in Paris was filled with cages of birds, stalls with horses, cows, goats, sheep, ducks, cats, dogs, and rabbits. Can you find some of these animals in this drawing of her studio? Rosa Bonheur’s love and study of animals allowed her to draw and paint them realistically, with an ability to show the special characteristics of any kind of animal or bird. 1 ROSA BONHEUR – Ages 10 – Adult | MeetTheMasters Online Edition ROSA BONHEUR – AGES 10 – ADULT | ONLINE EDITION Would you like to see her portrait? Click Next To Change Slide 3. PORTRAIT OF ROSA BONHEUR BY AUGUSTE BONHEUR Rosa’s brother, who was also an artist, painted this portrait of Rosa. Rosa had two younger brothers and one sister. Their father, who was an artist, trained all four Bonheur children as artists. As a child, Rosa was allowed to explore and play in the garden and horse stables near her parents’ house. She loved to draw, but she hated school. At this time in France, over 150 years ago, it was not considered proper for a woman to become a professional artist. Women were not allowed to attend some of the best art schools. That is one reason why Rosa was trained by her father. Let’s look at one of her paintings. Which animal will be featured? Your clue is “soft.” Click Next To Change Slide 4. RABBITS NIBBLING CARROTS This painting was the very first one Rosa exhibited in Paris. She was only nineteen years old. Notice how she has captured the special qualities of the rabbits -- the soft, furry texture, the nervous alertness. Doesn’t it seem as if the rabbit on the right-hand side is about to wiggle his nose? Where do you see dark colors? (BACKGROUND) That makes our eyes focus on the lighter-colored rabbits. She has placed the two rabbits at the front of the picture plane. If we divided this painting right down the middle, would the two sides balance each other? (Demonstrate a vertical division.) (YES) There is SYMMETRY or balance in the composition of this painting. Even though this old painting has been badly scratched and damaged, does it look REALISTIC? (YES) How did she paint the soft TEXTURE of the rabbits’ fur to make it look REALISTIC? Let’s look closely and see the hundreds of very fine lines in different colors that she painted for the fur. We can’t feel the TEXTURE of the fur with our hands, because this is a painting, but we can feel it with our eyes. In order to learn more about the animals she drew and painted, Rosa cut up animal parts from the butcher’s shop and made detailed drawings of muscles, tendons and bones. Rosa’s fascination with animals continued throughout her life. She loved to observe animals in the countryside and at the livestock shows and fairs where animals were bought and sold. 2 ROSA BONHEUR – Ages 10 – Adult | MeetTheMasters Online Edition ROSA BONHEUR – AGES 10 – ADULT | ONLINE EDITION We are going to look at two paintings where she used her observations of animals, one in the countryside and one at a horse fair. Click Next To Change Slide 5. PLOWING IN THE NIVERNAIS (nee-ver-nay) This first painting is called Plowing in the Nivernais (for the city of Nevers in Burgundy). The French government paid her a large sum of money to create a work, which would reflect on the beauty of the French countryside and the important work of the laboring farmer. What would you say is the main subject of this painting besides the land? (THE OXEN) Are the farmers as important? (NO) Why not? (THEY ARE SMALLER. SHE WAS AN ANIMAL PAINTER.) Although Rosa Bonheur often shows men or women in her paintings, the animals are always the most important part of her painting. In what direction do your eyes move in this COMPOSITION? (HORIZONTALLY) Where does texture catch your eye? (PLOWED DIRT) How does that textured area contrast with other parts of the painting? (SMOOTH - HIDES OF OXEN, PLAIN SKY) The rough and smooth elements create contrast. Now let’s look at one of Rosa Bonheur’s most famous paintings. Click Next To Change Slide 6. THE HORSE FAIR Have you ever been horseback riding? Horses were an important form of transportation during Rosa’s lifetime, because there were no cars or buses yet. One way to purchase a horse was to attend a horse fair where horses were paraded around and examined. Rosa would visit these horse fairs with her sketchbook and drawing pencil and draw these beautiful animals. It took Rosa Bonheur one year and a half to complete this painting that she called The Horse Fair. No animal painter had ever painted such a large picture of horses. It is over eight feet high (indicate height over head) and over sixteen feet wide (demonstrate approximate width). Would the size make the horses seem even more lifelike? (YES) Are the horses standing still? (NO) They are moving all around. Do you see more straight lines or curved lines? (CURVED) Curved lines help us feel the movement of the horses and make it seem like we can hear the thundering of the horses’ hooves and feel the ground rumble and shake. 3 ROSA BONHEUR – Ages 10 – Adult | MeetTheMasters Online Edition ROSA BONHEUR – AGES 10 – ADULT | ONLINE EDITION Tell me what other details in the painting show movement? (HORSES REARING, LEGS EXTENDED, STRAINING AT THE BIT, PULLING AWAY FROM HANDLERS; SOME COME FORWARD) What horse or horses caught your eye first? Did you notice the black and white horses in the middle that are rearing up? Why did you notice them first? (POWERFUL LOOKING, IN THE MIDDLE, OPPOSITE COLORS) Not only did Rosa make them strong and fast looking to make you notice them, but she also painted them in opposite colors: black and white. When an artist uses light and dark CONTRAST, we call that VALUE. It’s a way for an artist to bring attention to certain parts of a painting. Rosa spent months and sometimes years on each painting. She made many preparatory sketches in pencil, chalk, watercolor, and oil. Click Next To Change Slide 7. STUDY FOR THE HORSE FAIR This is a study for The Horse Fair. What is a study? (EARLY VERSION OF A WORK, OFTEN WITH LESS DETAIL THAN THE FINISHED WORK) It is interesting to see that a major concern here was the relationship of dark and light areas. Do you remember the art term we just learned that means light and dark contrast in a work of art? (VALUE) See how she uses contrast in value, even in the study for The Horse Fair. The Horse Fair was such a popular painting in France, that it was sent to England where Queen Victoria viewed it at Buckingham Palace! Rosa Bonheur traveled with the painting and got to meet the Queen! This painting was shown at the important annual art show called the Paris Salon. It was quite an honor for an artist to have his or her work chosen, because it was very selective. It was even more difficult for a woman artist at that time to get her work on display. Not only was The Horse Fair selected, but it also won a gold medal, so Rosa qualified to receive the highest civilian award given by the government of France -- the Legion of Honor. However, no woman had ever been awarded this honor, and so the French government refused to give it to her. When the government finally reversed their stand and delivered the Legion of Honor to her, she became the first woman to receive it.
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