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Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Associate Professor of Anatomy and Histology

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Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Associate Professor of Anatomy and Histology Scalp Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Associate Professor of Anatomy andHistology Blood supply of the scalp 5 sets of arteries on each side of the scalp 3 in front of the auricle 2 behind the auricle Out of 5 2 arteries (indirectly from internal carotid artery) 3 arteries (directly from the external carotid artery) Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Supraorbital A anterior to the auricle SupratrochlearA posterior to the auricle Superficial temporalA in temporal fossa + run superficial Occipital A Posterior auricular A Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Common carotid artery • Right common carotid: from the brachiocephalic artery • Left common carotid artery: from arch of the aorta • Begins: sternoclavicular joint =inside the neck Kalbouneh • Ends: upper border of the thyroid cartilage (C4). Heba • Divisions: External and internal carotid arteries Dr. Dr. Common carotid artery Thyroid cartilage Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Ophthalmic artery Internal carotid artery >> main supply of the brain Has no branches in the neck Enters the carotid canal in the skull Ophthalmic artery is one of its branches Ophthalmic artery enters the orbit through optic canal The roads that lead to the orbit : -optic canal ( 2 Os, ophthalmic artery& It gives two branches: optic nerve. -superior& inferior 1-Supraorbital artery optic fissure 2- Supratrochlear artery Dr. Heba Kalbouneh External carotid artery supplies the skin of the fase & many structures in head and neck Medial to the internal carotid artery, then passes backward and lateral to it. Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Some American Ladies Find Our Petra So External carotid artery Magnificent :) Branches: a. Superior thyroid artery b. Ascending pharyngeal supply artery the scalp c. Lingual artery >supply the Tongue ^^ posterior to the d. Facial artery >supply the face ^^ auricle e. Occipital artery f. Posteriorauricular artery Superficial temporal A g. Superficial temporal artery h. Maxillary artery Maxillary A passes deep to mandible These are the two terminal branches of ECA Dr. Heba Kalbouneh >> will be more visible with aging >> because it is Superficial temporal artery superficial & due to loss the fat with aging. The external carotid artery terminates as two branches (within the parotid gland ): 1. Maxillary artery passes deep to the neck of themandible 2. Superficial temporal artery emerges from the upper border of parotid gland Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Supratrochlear artery -A branch of ophthalmic artery - Ascends over the forehead in company with the supratrochlear nerve Ophthalmic artery -Supplies the upper eyelid, and the skin of the forehead and the scalp. Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Supraorbital artery -A branch of ophthalmic artery -Passes through the supraorbital foramen -Ascends over the forehead in company with the supraorbital nerves -Supplies the upper eyelid, and the skin of the forehead and the scalp. Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Also here: the most anterior area of temporal area> Temple part> where the anterior branch of Superficial temporal artery is found >> you Superficial temporal artery can feel the pulse, specially when we are sleeping ^^ - The smaller terminal branch of the external carotid artery -Ascends in front of the auricle -Crosses over the root of zygomatic arch (pulse) - It divides into anteriorand posterior branches, which frontal & parietal supply the skin over the nerves frontal and temporal regions. Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Posterior auricular artery -A branch of External carotid artery -Ascends behind the auricle to supply the lateral part of scalp behind the auricle Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Occipital artery -A branch of External carotid artery - Supplies the skin over the back of the scalp and reaches as high as the vertex Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Anatomically, it is useful to remember in an emergency that all the superficial arteries supplying the scalp ascend from the face and the neck. Thus, in an emergency situation, encircle the head just above the ears and eyebrows with a tie, shoelaces, or even a piece of string and tie it tight. Then insert a pen, pencil, or stick into the loop and rotate it so that the tourniquet exerts pressure on the arteries >> stop bleeding !! Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Cranial cavity Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Associate Professor of Anatomy andHistology The Meninges The brain in the skull is surrounded by three membranes or meninges: Kalbouneh Dura mater Heba :اﻷم الجافية Dr. Dr. اﻷم العنكبوتية ^^ Arachnoid mater It sends a septa or .spider like extension اﻷم الحنون Pia mater a delicate membrane, directly covering the outer surface of the brain:) اﻻم الجافية ): 1-Dura mater tough mother>> forms a tough\ hard sheet of dense type of connective tissue to surround the brain. Made of two layers: a-The periosteal layer b-The meningeal layer These are closely united except along where they separate to form Kalbouneh 1- VENOUS SINUSES 2- DURALFOLDS Heba Dr. Dr. Contains meningeal arteries A-The periosteal (endosteal) layer Is the ordinaryperiosteum covering the inner surfaceof the skull bones It does notextend through the foramen magnum Around the margins of all the foramina in the skull it becomes continuouswith the periosteum on the outside of the skullbones At the sutures it is continuous with thesutural ligaments. Dr. Heba Kalbouneh B-The meningeal layer Is the dura mater proper It is a dense, strong, fibrous membrane Covers the brain and is continuous through the foramen magnum with the dura mater of the spinal cord It provides tubular sheaths for the cranial nerves as they pass through the foramina in the Skull Outside the skull the sheaths fuse with the epineurium of the nerves Dr. Heba Kalbouneh The two layers of dura separate from each other at numerous locations to form two unique types of structures: 1- Dural folds (partitions): incompletely separates parts of the brain (separates the left hemisphere 2- Venous sinuses: Intracranial (dural) venous sinuses from the right hemisphere) The meningeal layer sends inward FOUR SEPTA 1 Falx cerebri 2 Falx cerebelli 3 Tentorium cerebelli 4 Diaphragma sellae Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Vertical fold of dura The meningeal layer sends inward SEPTA Horizontal fold of These folds are important to protect the brain(soft) from damage. dura HOW!! By separation between the different parts of the brain & fixation\ restriction the brain within cranial cavity Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Occipital lobe Horizontal fold of dura -separate the cerebellum from the occipital lobe. Dr. Heba Kalbouneh 1-Falx cerebri Is a sickle-shaped fold of dura mater Lies in the midline between the two cerebral hemispheres >> sagittal direction In front is attachedto the crista galli and frontal crest Its posterior part blends in the midline with the upper surface of the Tentorium cerebelli Tentorium >> looks like a tent ^^ cerebelli >> it roofs over the cerebellum ^^ Dr. Heba Kalbouneh.
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