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Joint Force Quarterly 97
Issue 97, 2nd Quarter 2020 JOINT FORCE QUARTERLY Broadening Traditional Domains Commercial Satellites and National Security Ulysses S. Grant and the U.S. Navy ISSUE NINETY-SEVEN, 2 ISSUE NINETY-SEVEN, ND QUARTER 2020 Joint Force Quarterly Founded in 1993 • Vol. 97, 2nd Quarter 2020 https://ndupress.ndu.edu GEN Mark A. Milley, USA, Publisher VADM Frederick J. Roegge, USN, President, NDU Editor in Chief Col William T. Eliason, USAF (Ret.), Ph.D. Executive Editor Jeffrey D. Smotherman, Ph.D. Production Editor John J. Church, D.M.A. Internet Publications Editor Joanna E. Seich Copyeditor Andrea L. Connell Associate Editor Jack Godwin, Ph.D. Book Review Editor Brett Swaney Art Director Marco Marchegiani, U.S. Government Publishing Office Advisory Committee Ambassador Erica Barks-Ruggles/College of International Security Affairs; RDML Shoshana S. Chatfield, USN/U.S. Naval War College; Col Thomas J. Gordon, USMC/Marine Corps Command and Staff College; MG Lewis G. Irwin, USAR/Joint Forces Staff College; MG John S. Kem, USA/U.S. Army War College; Cassandra C. Lewis, Ph.D./College of Information and Cyberspace; LTG Michael D. Lundy, USA/U.S. Army Command and General Staff College; LtGen Daniel J. O’Donohue, USMC/The Joint Staff; Brig Gen Evan L. Pettus, USAF/Air Command and Staff College; RDML Cedric E. Pringle, USN/National War College; Brig Gen Kyle W. Robinson, USAF/Dwight D. Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource Strategy; Brig Gen Jeremy T. Sloane, USAF/Air War College; Col Blair J. Sokol, USMC/Marine Corps War College; Lt Gen Glen D. VanHerck, USAF/The Joint Staff Editorial Board Richard K. -
The Syrian War and the Question of an American Mutiny
The Syrian War And The Question Of An American Mutiny By Adeyinka Makinde Region: Middle East & North Africa, USA Global Research, October 11, 2016 Theme: History, US NATO War Agenda Adeyinka Makinde In-depth Report: SYRIA A recent press conference given by US Army General Mark Milley, the present serving army chief of staff reminded me of the fictional character played by Burt Lancaster in the 1964 movie ‘Seven Days in May’. That film posited the scenario of James Scott (the Lancaster character) as a Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff who, disgruntled about the serving president’s perceived weakness in seeking a treaty with the Soviet Union, plots to overthrow the civilian government. ‘Seven Days in May’ was based on a book that drew its inspiration from real life American political and military figures in the early 1960s during the Cold War. At that time Right-wing, verging on fascist-leaning generals such as Army General Lyman Lemnitzer the supremo at the Pentagon and Air Force Generals Curtis LeMay and Tommy Powers dominated the Pentagon. A Major General named Edwin Walker actually tried to indoctrinate troops under his command with the teachings of the Right-wing John Birch Society. It was in the prevailing atmosphere of fervent anti-communism at the time that these generals sought to undermine and even plot to overthrow the government of President John F. Kennedy. This view was not limited to a few senators and journalists of the time. The Kremlin apparently believed this to the extent that it is claimed to have influenced Nikita Khruschev’s decision to reach the settlement that he did with Kennedy over the Cuban Missile Crisis. -
Contributions of Immigrants to the United States Armed Forces
S. HRG. 109–884 CONTRIBUTIONS OF IMMIGRANTS TO THE UNITED STATES ARMED FORCES HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED NINTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION JULY 10, 2006 Printed for the use of the Committee on Armed Services ( U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 35–222 PDF WASHINGTON : 2007 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate 0ct 09 2002 10:36 May 11, 2007 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 C:\DOCS\35222.TXT SARMSER2 PsN: JUNEB COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES JOHN WARNER, Virginia, Chairman JOHN MCCAIN, Arizona CARL LEVIN, Michigan JAMES M. INHOFE, Oklahoma EDWARD M. KENNEDY, Massachusetts PAT ROBERTS, Kansas ROBERT C. BYRD, West Virginia JEFF SESSIONS, Alabama JOSEPH I. LIEBERMAN, Connecticut SUSAN M. COLLINS, Maine JACK REED, Rhode Island JOHN ENSIGN, Nevada DANIEL K. AKAKA, Hawaii JAMES M. TALENT, Missouri BILL NELSON, Florida SAXBY CHAMBLISS, Georgia E. BENJAMIN NELSON, Nebraska LINDSEY O. GRAHAM, South Carolina MARK DAYTON, Minnesota ELIZABETH DOLE, North Carolina EVAN BAYH, Indiana JOHN CORNYN, Texas HILLARY RODHAM CLINTON, New York JOHN THUNE, South Dakota CHARLES S. ABELL, Staff Director RICHARD D. DEBOBES, Democratic Staff Director (II) VerDate 0ct 09 2002 10:36 May 11, 2007 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 0486 Sfmt 0486 C:\DOCS\35222.TXT SARMSER2 PsN: JUNEB C O N T E N T S CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF WITNESSES CONTRIBUTIONS OF IMMIGRANTS TO THE UNITED STATES ARMED FORCES JULY 10, 2006 Page Martinez, Senator Mel, U.S. -
Moral Courage Intelligent Disobedience
Moral Courage and Intelligent Disobedience by Ted Thomas and Ira Chaleff he military needs men and women who have courage–the physical courage to go into battle, to overcome fear in the face of bodily injury or death, mental pain, and lifelong disabilities. Militaries run on physical courage. Without it, they run from a fight and surrender. Many Tsources quote Aristotle as saying, “Courage is the first of human qualities because it is the quality which guarantees the others.”1 Courage is a primary virtue, as all other virtues require it. There is another type of courage the military needs, but it is hard to measure or even define– moral courage. The following words of Robert F. Kennedy are as salient today as they were in June of 1966 when he spoke them in Cape Town, South Africa. “Few men are willing to brave the disapproval of their fellows, the censure of their colleagues, the wrath of their society. Moral courage is a rarer commodity than bravery in battle or great intelligence. Yet it is the one essential, vital quality of those who seek to change a world which yields most painfully to change.”2 Bravery in battle is needed, but so is the courage to stand up for what is right and against what is immoral, unethical, or illegal. A critical application of moral courage is knowing when and how to disobey–which can be thought of as intelligent disobedience. This involves an ability to work within the system to maintain standards and uphold moral values. Organizational culture and operational pressures can sometimes cause the values of people to become blurred when the mission becomes more important than virtues. -
DEPARTMENT of DEFENSE the Pentagon 20301±1155, Phone (703) 545±6700 Fax (703) 695±3362/693±2161
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE The Pentagon 20301±1155, phone (703) 545±6700 fax (703) 695±3362/693±2161, www.dtic.dla.mil/defenselink WILLIAM S. COHEN, Secretary of Defense; nominated by President William Clinton; confirmed by the U.S. Senate and took the oath of office on January 24, 1997; born August 28, 1940; B.A. in Latin from Bowdoin College; LL.B. cum laude from Boston University Law School; served three terms in the House of Representatives from Maine's Second Congres- sional District (1973±79) and three terms in the U.S. Senate for the State of Maine (1979± 97). JOHN WHITE, Deputy Secretary of Defense, nominated by President William Clinton; confirmed by the U.S. Senate and sworn in on June 22, 1995; M.A. and Ph.D. in economics from the Maxwell Graduate School at Syracuse University, and a B.S. in industrial and labor relations from Cornell University; most recently served as the chairman of the Commis- sion on Roles and Missions for the Armed Forces; served as director of the Center for Business and Government at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University; general manager of the Integration and Systems Products Division and vice president of the Eastman Kodak Company (1988±92); CEO and chairman of the board of Interactive Systems Corporation (1981±88); deputy director of the Office of Management and Budget (1978±81); Assistant Secretary of Defense for Manpower, Reserve Affairs and Logistics (1977± 78); senior vice president, Rand Corporation (1968±77). OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY Pentagon, Room 3E880, 20301±1000, phone (703) 695±5261, fax (703) 697±9080 Secretary of Defense.ÐWilliam S. -
Laurie Barton Sculptures
LAURIE BARTON https://www.bartonsculptures.com/ [email protected] P R O F I L E PUBLIC and CORPORATE COMMISSIONS Norfolk Southern Corporation, Norfolk, Virginia President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Life-size bronze bust National War College, Washington DC. Life-size bronze busts President Theodore Roosevelt. General Colin Powell, National Security Advisor, and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. General George C. Marshall, Chief of Staff of the United States Army, Secretary of State, DOCUMENTARY and Secretary of Defense. Ave Maria University, Ave Maria, Florida. Bronze reliefs: Sculpting Hope, directed General Carl E. Mundy, 30th Commandant of the Marine Corps General Charles C. Krulak, 31st Commandant of the Marine Corps by Chelsea Low, Florida General James L. Jones, 32nd Commandant of the Marine Corps, Supreme Allies Commander State University Europe, and United States National Security Advisor Department of Motion General James T. Conway, 34th Commandant of the Marine Corps General James Amos, 35th Commandant of the Marine Corps General Peter Pace, 16th Chairman of the Joints Chiefs of Staff SELECTED General John Sheehan, Joint Forces Commander EXHIBITIONS General James E. Livingston, Medal of Honor Harvey C. Barnum, Medal of Honor Vietnam War Cardinal John O’Connor, Archbishop of New York 2018 Father Vincent Capadanno, Medal of Honor Vietnam War Saks Fifth Avenue, Thomas S. Moynihan, Founder Ave Maria University Richmond, Virginia Jim Lehrer, Host of “The News Hour” PBS Frederick W. Smith, Founder, Chairman, President, and CEO of FedEx Arthur L. Allen, President and CEO Allen Systems Group 2017 William T Schoen, Chairman of Health Management Associates New York Fashion Week, Carl O. -
Driving the Future of Army Intelligence.” at the Two-Day Conference
Subscriptions: Free unit subscriptions are available by emailing the Editor at [email protected]. Include the complete mailing address (unit name, street address, and building number). Don’t forget to email the Editor when your unit moves, deploys, or redeploys to ensure continual receipt of the Bulletin. Reprints: Material in this Bulletin is not copyrighted (except where indicated). Content may be reprinted if the MI Professional Bulletin and the authors are credited. Our mailing address: MIPB (ATZS-DST-B), Dir. of Doctrine and Intel Sys Trng, USAICoE, 550 Cibeque St., Fort Huachuca, AZ 85613-7017 Commanding General MG Robert P. Walters, Jr. Purpose: The U.S. Army Intelligence Center of Excellence publishes the Military Intelligence Professional Bulletin Chief of Staff (MIPB) quarterly under the provisions of AR 25-30. COL Douglas R. Woodall MIPB presents information designed to keep intelligence Chief Warrant Officer, MI Corps professionals informed of current and emerging devel- CW5 David J. Bassili opments within the field and provides an open forum Command Sergeant Major, MI Corps in which ideas; concepts; tactics, techniques, and proce- dures; historical perspectives; problems and solutions, etc., CSM Warren K. Robinson can be exchanged and discussed for purposes of profes- STAFF: sional development Editor Tracey A. Remus By order of the Secretary of the Army: [email protected] MARK A. MILLEY Associate Editor General, United States Army Maria T. Eichmann Chief of Staff Design and Layout Official: Emma R. Morris Cover Design GERALD B. O’KEEFE Emma R. Morris Administrative Assistant Military Staff to the Secretary of the Army CPT Emily R. -
For Immediate Release
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Contact: Indra Lusero, Assistant Director, 303-902-9402, [email protected] MILITARY CHIEF SAYS HOMOSEXUALITY IS IMMORAL Anti-Gay Remarks of Military Chief Suggest Gay Ban Lacks Rationale, With No Defense Left, Military Calls Homosexuality Immoral Date: March 13, 2007 SANTA BARBARA, CA, March 13, 2007 - After Marine Gen. Peter Pace, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, called homosexuality "immoral" yesterday and likened it to adultery, military analysts said his comment suggests the armed forces have run out of rationales for banning known gays from service. "This might be the beginning of the end," said Aaron Belkin, Director of the Palm Center and Associate Professor of Political Science at University of California, Santa Barbara, "but it may be a long, drawn-out ending." Belkin, whose research center studies "don't ask, don't tell," said that returning to talk of morality showed the absence of military rationales for the gay ban at a time when capable gay soldiers are being replaced by drug abusers, felons and high school drop-outs. "If you want to talk about morality, the explosion of moral waivers the military is granting to fill its shortfalls is a far greater concern than the service of gays who are ready, willing and able to fight," Belkin said. A Palm Center study released last month found that the number of convicted felons who enlisted in the U.S. military nearly doubled in the past three years under the moral waiver program which enlists those who otherwise would not qualify due to poor behavior. -
Trump's Generals
STRATEGIC STUDIES QUARTERLY - PERSPECTIVE Trump’s Generals: A Natural Experiment in Civil-Military Relations JAMES JOYNER Abstract President Donald Trump’s filling of numerous top policy positions with active and retired officers he called “my generals” generated fears of mili- tarization of foreign policy, loss of civilian control of the military, and politicization of the military—yet also hope that they might restrain his worst impulses. Because the generals were all gone by the halfway mark of his administration, we have a natural experiment that allows us to com- pare a Trump presidency with and without retired generals serving as “adults in the room.” None of the dire predictions turned out to be quite true. While Trump repeatedly flirted with civil- military crises, they were not significantly amplified or deterred by the presence of retired generals in key roles. Further, the pattern continued in the second half of the ad- ministration when “true” civilians filled these billets. Whether longer-term damage was done, however, remains unresolved. ***** he presidency of Donald Trump served as a natural experiment, testing many of the long- debated precepts of the civil-military relations (CMR) literature. His postelection interviewing of Tmore than a half dozen recently retired four- star officers for senior posts in his administration unleashed a torrent of columns pointing to the dangers of further militarization of US foreign policy and damage to the military as a nonpartisan institution. At the same time, many argued that these men were uniquely qualified to rein in Trump’s worst pro- clivities. With Trump’s tenure over, we can begin to evaluate these claims. -
Reagan National Defense Forum Reinvesting in Peace Through Strength
REAGAN NATIONAL DEFENSE FORUM REINVESTING IN PEACE THROUGH STRENGTH DECEMBER 1 - 2, 2017 THE RONALD REAGAN PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY SIMI VALLEY, CALIFORNIA Confirmed Speakers and Guests Subject to change Mr. Mark Aslett The Honorable Eric Edelman Lt. General Samuel Greaves His Excellency Rollandas Krišcˇiu¯ nas Senator Jerry Moran Senator Jack Reed Mr. Michael T. Strianese Congressman Joe Wilson President and CEO, Mercury Systems Former Under Secretary of Defense (Policy); Director, Missile Defense Agency Ambassador of Lithuania to the United States U.S. Senate, Kansas U.S. Senate, Rhode Island Chairman and CEO, L3 Technologies U.S. House of Representatives, South Carolina Former Ambassador to Turkey and Finland 2017 Peace Through Strength Recipient Mr. Bret Baier Mr. Lee Greenwood Mr. Roger Krone Mr. Orie Mullen Congressman Mac Thornberry The Honorable Pete Wilson Chief Political Anchor, Fox News Senator Joni Ernst Musical Artist CEO, Leidos President, Humana Military Ms. Trish Regan Chairman, House Armed Services Committee; Former Governor, California; RRPFI Trustee U.S. Senate, Iowa Host, Fox Business Network U.S. House of Representatives, Texas Congressman Jim Banks Ms. Jennifer Griffin Congressman Jim Langevin Congresswoman Stephanie Murphy Congressman Steve Womack U.S. House of Representatives, Indiana The Right Honourable Michael Fallon MP National Security Correspondent, Fox News U.S. House of Representatives, Rhode Island U.S. House of Representatives, Florida Admiral Michael S. Rogers Mr. Chris Wallace U.S. House of Representatives, Arkansas British Secretary of Defence Commander, U.S. Cyber Command; Host, Fox News Sunday Mr. Julian Barnes Ms. Marillyn Hewson His Excellency Lauri Lepik General Robert B. Neller Director, National Security Agency; The Honorable Dov Zakheim European Security Reporter, The Wall Street Journal Lt. -
Statement on the Nomination of Admiral Michael G. Mullen to Be Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and General James E
June 8 / Administration of George W. Bush, 2007 might be willing to try to blackmail free All in all, we had the kind of conversa- nations. That’s the true threat of the 21st tion you’d expect strong allies to have. It century. It’s a subject that I told you I was candid; it was over a really good meal. discussed with President Putin. And I’m looking forward to bringing you I have made clear what you just made back, Mr. President, to the White House. clear, Mr. President: The system we have I can’t wait to see you there in mid-July. proposed is not directed at Russia. Indeed, Again, thank you all for your wonderful we would welcome Russian cooperation on hospitality. God bless the people of Poland. missile defense. We think it makes sense to have a—and I proposed and he accepted NOTE: The President spoke at approximately a working group from our State Depart- 8:22 p.m. at Gdansk Lech Walesa Inter- ment, Defense Department, and military to national Airport. In his remarks, he referred discuss different opportunities and different to Maria Kaczynska, wife of President options, all aimed at providing protection Kaczynski; and President Vladimir V. Putin for people from rogue regimes who might of Russia. President Kaczynski referred to be in a position to either blackmail and/ President Nicolas Sarkozy of France. Presi- or attack those of us who live in free soci- dent Kaczynski spoke in Polish, and his re- eties. marks were translated by an interpreter. -
The Rise and Fall of Missiles in the Us Air Force, 1957-1967
FLAMEOUT: THE RISE AND FALL OF MISSILES IN THE U.S. AIR FORCE, 1957-1967 A Dissertation by DAVID WILLIAM BATH Submitted to the Office of Graduate and Professional Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Chair of Committee, Joseph G. Dawson, III Committee Members, Terry H. Anderson Olga Dror Angela Pulley Hudson James Burk Head of Department, David Vaught December 2015 Major Subject: History Copyright 2015 David William Bath ABSTRACT This dissertation documents how the U.S. national perspective toward ballistic nuclear missiles changed dramatically between 1957 and 1967 and how the actions and attitudes of this time brought about long term difficulties for the nation, the Air Force, and the missile community. In 1957, national leaders believed that ballistic missiles would replace the manned bomber and be used to win an anticipated third world war between communist and capitalist nations. Only ten years later, the United States was deep into a limited war in Vietnam and had all but proscribed the use of nuclear missiles. This dissertation uses oral histories, memoirs, service school theses, and formerly classified government documents and histories to determine how and why the nation changed its outlook on nuclear ballistic missiles so quickly. The dissertation contends that because scientists and engineers created the revolutionary weapon at the beginning of the Cold War, when the U.S. and U.S.S.R. were struggling for influence and power, many national leaders urged the military to design and build nuclear ballistic missiles before the Soviet Union could do so.