ETTER RISTOL B The Bristol Civic Society magazine B Issue 05 Autum 2014 bristolcivicsociety.org.uk

An independent force for a better Bristol Bristol Civic Society, Registered Charity No: 244414 Contents 2

19 21

6 20 14

4 19 Making Sunday Special, Park Street, NOVEMBER’S BIG EVENT LEST WE FORGET PLACE-MAKING 100 years from the start of WWI. May 2014. How can we design and Its impact on Bristol manage public space better? This reflects the increasing residential population that will make central Bristol a more crowded place (pages 6 THE CHANGING NATURE OF 20 EMPTY AND DERELICT SITES 6-9), Placemaking and public spaces THE CITY CENTRE Securing new life for vacant sites The change from office and buildings (Big Event page 4), and last issue's Metropolis to Studentopolis Sharing the streets

(photo Jeff Lucas) 9 Housing crisis. 21 UNLISTED BUILDINGS OF MERIT What crisis? What can be done to give these Huge demand for housing. buildings more protection Can the city deliver?

10 BRAIN TEASER : 22 STUDENT AWARD THE KONIGSBERG PROBLEM A philosophical approach The shortest walk across all Bristol’s bridges

12 GEMS AND CURIOSITIES 24 CIVIC SOCIETY & BRISTOL WATER St James Priory: The hidden ENVIRONMENTAL AWARDS gem next to the bus station Commissioning Editor Dave Cave Sub-Editor Christopher Brown Designer Spencer Tilley Photography Jeff Lucas (cover,pg 14) 14 PLANT A TREE - 25 FROM THE SOCIETY'S Roland Harmer (pg 24) SUSTAINABLY WORKING GROUPS: Authors of articles The Tree Forum mean business Major Sites Group Printed by Sebright Printers

Thanks to the following contributors: Eugene Byrne, Jeff Lucas, Simon Birch, Clive Stevens Daniel Kimberley, Alan Morris, David Martyn, John 16 DESTINATION BRISTOL 26 Planning Applications Group Frenkel, John Payne, Jon Watson, Charles Fox, Old Market, The BearPit, Marlon Wessel Christmas Steps

And thanks to the editorial board and the distribution team led by John Payne. 17 PEDALLING INTO THE FUTURE 27 TRANSPORT MATTERS Articles are the opinions of individual contributors Bold plans for cycling Latest on major schemes and what and do not necessarily represent those of the Society is doing Bristol Civic Society Notes from the Chair “Golden Age” – beware of the hype, what we need is some vision 3 was recently surprised (and rather taken aback) to be told Development must also with all seriousness that Bristol is at the dawn of a ‘golden include consideration of age’ in terms of its growth, planning and future public open space and Bristol development. has some absolutely wonder- I ful open spaces. However, It took me some time to reflect on this statement and to a vision is urgently needed address just what might be the components of this golden age. for the city’s most neglected As a starting point, I identified that the change in the local open space, Castle Park. political landscape with the arrival of an elected mayor is There are many views as to already resulting in much quicker and more decisive what might best be achieved, decision making. my personal preference would be to limit new Obvious examples of this are the roll out of residents development to the existing parking schemes, solid progress with the arena, and even footprint of offices and to put management of the council budget cuts which were decided some significant investment into the remainder of the area in upon in a calm manner. But this hardly heralds a golden age! order to make the most of the remaining open space, Bristol’s very own Central Park. Transport issues are regularly the top concern of residents and businesses, and few can complain that change is not in the air A golden age will surely include making maximum use of with: vacant sites and buildings, a personal interest, and will bring back into use those neglected listed buildings in Portland • The rapid and ongoing implementation of residents Square, Stokes Croft and St Michael’s Hill. parking schemes which are having a very visible impact in many parts of the city; Looking after the heritage of the city is sometimes criticised as being weak, with the recent demolition of Ebenezer Chapel • Approved plans for high-speed bus routes across many sparking a flurry of indignation. areas, their precise future impact much debated and eagerly awaited by commentators; Some of you have said to me that one area for possible work by the Civic Society would be to see if it is possible to limit the • The long-awaited electrification of the main lines to steady spread of road signs and street furniture, most recently London and, less certain, the transformation of Bristol exacerbated by the introduction of residents parking schemes Temple Meads into a first-class transport interchange. with their multitude of signage even in conservation areas and adjacent to listed buildings. Should the Society take a closer We can add to this list the incremental introduction of look at all this street clutter and see if it is all really needed? improved cycle routes, with dedicated crossings of the New Cut in the planning stage, and the longer-term plans Does all this add up to an emerging golden age? I do like to for suburban rail improvements, including the line travel hopefully and positively but so far I am not convinced to Portishead. by the facts. What do you think and do you agree that Bristol is entering a golden age? The follow-up question must surely be Of course it will be largely reliant on personal choices - to where does the Society fit in with this scenario, and how can it move away from reliance on the car – to really make all these get involved and contribute? initiatives succeed in practice. I enjoyed the challenge provided by this, possibly throwaway, I can’t help thinking that transport is such a complex subject remark but I still think the jury is out on the golden age idea. that there can never be a single magic wand to revolutionise I do hope to be proved wrong! transportat, more a series of interventions which will gradually effect significant change. Simon Birch But what of new development in this golden age? The most Chair, Bristol Civic Society significant changes now seem to be in the city centre with a proliferation of student accommodation-led schemes, together with the ongoing growth of Temple Quarter. There is scarcely a glimmer of top-class design – or is that unfair? I do hope the forthcoming plans for the arena will change all this and will yield exciting architecture, possibly even giving the city a future Stirling Prize winner. The Big Event FEATURE 4 Bristol place-making

How can we make Bristol’s streetscape special?

Tuesday, November 25th 7.30pm at Arnolfini Free and open to all: doors open 7pm

The quality and vitality of its city centre is crucial to a big city like Bristol, but are its streetscape and public spaces as good as they could be, and how could we make them better?

Public space is shared by many different users: have we got the balance right?

Is there another way? How could we design and manage public space better? How can we make the city more walkable? How can we make it happen, building on what has already been done?

A panel of experts will try to answer these questions, and there will be an opportunity to air your views.

Programme Speakers:

• Allison Dutoit, Jan Gehl Architects

• Paul Appleby, Chair of Creative Sector Group West of England LEP and director of VID Communications

• Ian Barrett, Regional Director South West for Sustrans and chair of Bristol Green Capital’s Transport Action Group

• Barra MacRuairi, Strategic Director for Place, Bristol City Council

The event begins at 7.30pm at the Arnolfini (doors open 7pm). After an hour of individual presentations, the speakers will then form a panel on stage for questions and debate.

Event closes 9-9.30pm. The event is free and no booking is needed. VACANCIES New WEBSITE EVENTS ORGANISER Who’s who in the society The current events organiser, Jeff The Bristol Civic Society's website has a FEATURE Lucas, is relinquishing his post next April. new look. While the old website worked GENERAL ENQUIRIES We therefore have a vacancy arising satisfactorily, it was generally agreed that MEMBERSHIP SECRETARY Alex Dunn 5 [email protected] 0117 962 2475 for anyone who would be interested in it could be simpler, more professional, taking on this role. and with a better balance between PRESS OFFICER Vacant pictures and text. GENERAL ENQUIRIES Alan Morris You would be organising a wide-rang- [email protected] 07766 442495 It has been designed to appeal to both ing programme, mainly talks, with non-members and members. For ORGANISATIONAL occasional visits, which is a key part of CHAIR Simon Birch non-members, the website may be the [email protected] 07917 403473 what the Bristol Civic Society does for its first thing that people see of the Society members. The subject matter is broadly VICE CHAIR Heather Leeson and it is important that it gives a [email protected] 07917 403473 anything related to the urban environment, good impression. to include history, architecture and urban SECRETARY John Payne [email protected] 0117 924 0634 design. It is an important information resource. TREASURER John Jones Non-members can browse to see what [email protected] 0117 962 0477 You will have a high degree of autono- we are about. Anyone accessing the site my to be creative in putting together a can find out the views on current issues COMMUNICATIONS AND EVENTS MARKETING GROUP and EVENTS Jeff Lucas programme of events every six months expressed by the Society, and post [email protected] 0117 962 1801 and ensuring the programme takes place. comments online if they wish. E-MAIL BULLETIN EDITOR : Vacant The current organiser would be happy They can check out upcoming events, and to work closely with you for an initial sign up for notices of future events and WEBMASTER David Demery [email protected] period and you would have advice and sup- other email communications. port from the Marketing Group. If you are WEB EDITOR Alan Morris [email protected] interested and would like to find out more, Take a look and see what you think. a more detailed job description is available, WALKS Vacant www.bristolcivicsociety.org.uk please get in touch with Jeff at BIKE RIDES Alan Morris [email protected]. Alan Morris [email protected] 07766 442495 AWARDS SCHEME Charles Fox [email protected] 0117 927 9578 WALKS ORGANISER The current walks organiser, Alexandra CAMPAIGNING MAJOR SITES GROUP, PLANNING & Transport POLICY Pickford, is stepping down from the role. John Frenkel We therefore have a vacancy arising for [email protected] 0117 924 0853 anyone who would be interested in taking PUBLIC SPACES GROUP AND on the role of organising walks as part of BEARPIT IMPROVEMENT GROUP Alan Morris the events programme. Enquiries to Simon [email protected] 07766 442495 Birch at [email protected]. PLANNING APPLICATIONS GROUP John Payne [email protected] 0117 924 0634

HERITAGE GROUP Mariateresa Bucciante [email protected] Alan Morris 07766 442495

John Gillett LINKS WITH OTHER BRISTOL GROUPS PLANNING NETWORK In the last issue of Better Bristol, Heather the Society for his kindly, genial and [email protected] Leeson, Chair of Bristol Civic Society, said generous nature. TRANSPORT ALLIANCE James Smith that John Gillett had quietly and patiently [email protected] 0117 9141010 worked behind the scenes for many years As a professional mechanical and CONSERVATION ADVISORY PANEL Stephen Wickham as webmaster, but had to step down from systems engineer, John brought his IT [email protected] 0117 966 3848 those commitments at the end of 2013 as a skills, honed at IBM and John Lewis, to ENGLISH HERITAGE John Frenkel result of serious illness. the benefit of the Society around 2008. [email protected] 0117 924 0853 This was at a time when the power and Sadly, we have to report that John died on complexity of the internet was growing rap- You can sign up to the society‘s e-bulletin at April 24 this year, following a long struggle idly, and we were lucky to have John’s exper- www.bristolcivicsociety.org.uk Past copies of the e-bulletin and the with an inoperable brain tumour. tise in managing our website. He kept it up magazine are also available to download. to date with articles and reports of events, Bristol Civic Society, Registered Charity No: 244414. John leaves behind his wife Sasha (nee Lu- started the process of developing the new BETTER BRISTOL magazine betkin) of nearly 50 years, herself a long- website and was always there at meetings, [email protected] The opinions expressed in this magazine do not time active member of the Society, two always reliable and good company. necessarily represent those of Bristol Civic Society sons and two granddaughters. At home “a huge-hearted” father and grandfather, he will also be remembered by many of us in A celebration of his life took place on May 20. The changing FEATURE 6 nature of the city centre

The high-rise buildings in the city central area are undergoing some significant changes in their use. No longer at the centre of the office boom, many are seeking new lives as residential and student accommodation. We look at what is happening, and why.

The rise of the office city The re-building of the bomb-damaged city had been planned forcing both government and businesses to relocate away from long before the war ended. As the war had seen a confronta- the hot-house. Bristol, at the end of God’s Wonderful Railway tion of totalitarian regimes, so the peace would be fought in the and the newly completed M4, was a particularly attractive same draconian way. The 1944 Town and Country planning Act proposition. authorised local authorities to compulsorily purchase zones of extensive war damage for replanning and redevelopment. The Before long, anybody who was anybody was setting up shop City Council sought to acquire some 771 acres in the central in Bristol. It became home for a star-studded cast of insurance area. Land would be segregated into zones for industry and and financial services businesses. Pressures inevitably led to commercial use with vast new housing estates on the periph- demand for high-rise towers: the 15 storey Robinson tower on ery of the city. The plan spelt the end of the central city as a Victoria Street set the precedent, in 1964, followed shortly after residential area. New ideologies were imported from America, by Clifton Heights. the age of the skyscraper, the urban motorway, the segregated pedestrian deck, the concrete jungle, was born. Sadly these landmark buildings opened the gates to a tidal wave of poor quality, grey, monotonous and undistinguished slab Slow start blocks, designed to return maximum yields for developers. In In the 1950s, office building initially got off to a slow start, with Lewins Mead, swathes of land acquired by the City Council for conversion of houses in Clifton to office use. Space was needed slum clearance and road schemes, or ravaged by war remained to replace war damage and sub-standard offices, and to house a vacant up to the early 1970s. Plans for the area included growing public administration. The first significant ones to be residential towers on the west side that would be linked to the completed were the imposing Gilbert Scott designed Electricity rest of the city via elevated walkways, following the current House, started in 1938, followed by the Alec French designed ideology. However, the Council was unable to secure funding Gaunts House on narrow Denmark St, completed in 1953. The for housing so the sites were eagerly snapped up by developers decade saw about a dozen new office buildings, all of medium to meet the office demand. This became the centre of Bristol’s height and built in relatively conservative or pastiche style in most unloved office quarter. In the period between 1950 and the new office quarter bounded by Wine St., Victoria St., Bald- 2000 some 250 new office buildings transformed the face of win St. and Colston Avenue. post-war, blitzed Bristol.

The flood The decline of the financial centre The trickle started to become a flood in the 1960s. In this There was a time when the UK’s leading finance and insurance “never-had-it-so-good” era the economy was growing fast, houses all had major offices in Bristol. Those office-factories particularly in the service sector and personal finance. London required massive amounts of manual clerical labour, the and the South-east were becoming over-heated, and the 1964 industrial equivalent of cigarette and chocolate making in Labour Administration set up a Location of Offices Bureau previous generations. This was the pre-computer age when armies of girls pounded typewriters in the typing pool. ventilation systems are inefficient and primitive, and new legislation is making property in EPC bands E-G unlettable. Many of those paper-processing factories were household names : RSA, Sun Life, Pearl Assurance, Equity and Law, The narrow floor plans or “plates” of high slab blocks are now London Life, National Mutual, Commercial Union, Norwich unpopular with tenants. Large organisations don’t like being FEATURE Union, just to name a few. spread over several floors, conversely small offices using less than a whole floor involve the expense and waste of fitting 7 Yet we hear very little of those once great names now. Some corridors. Deep floor-plates with a central core are easier to seem to have packed their bags and left, taking their offices with subdivide. them such as Clerical Medical and Scottish Life, leaving gaping holes on Temple Way. It is something of a buyer’s market: tenants demand a better quality of environment, and Grade A accommodation. Is it all doom and gloom on the business front? The convenience of the major transport interchange for local, Not at all, say the property agents we spoke to. But the financial national and international movements at Temple Meads makes business sector has gone through some cataclysmic events in it a powerful attraction, and explains why the office and recent years. business quarter has been steadily emigrating to that area. Most of the property in the Temple area has actually been taken up. Firstly, technology. Those slab tower blocks built only 40 years ago are from the dark ages before the coming of the computer New uses for old. The rise of Studentopolis revolution. Now so much more can be done, with far fewer Is there a disaster in the city ? It is well-known that despite people, in much less space, and the kind of skills needed has strenuous marketing efforts, attempts to attract new tenants advanced. With more hot-desking, out-working and less floor of some tower blocks have failed. Some office blocks are now space per user, the amount of office space has declined. finding new uses as student accommodation, and In fact stu- dents may be the saviours of the property market. More than Secondly, the financial services industry has gone through one owner may be thanking heaven for little students, reliev- several crises, resulting in a process of amalgamations and ing them of the cost of maintaining or demolishing expensive mergers. Many of the household names haven’t disappeared, white elephants. but have been absorbed into bigger groups.

Why are they building new office blocks when there are so many unused ones? By 2012 most of the UK Life industry had been swallowed up by There seems to be a significant stock of the Phoenix group. Many of the firms had offices in Bristol. unused office buildings in central Bristol. Even the casual observer can hardly fail to notice the large signs on many office blocks, enticing new occupants to pitch camp at favourable rates. It appears that many of the towers that went up in the boom years of the 1970s are now idle, empty. It seems that the great office bubble

of the 1960s-1990s has burst. So it is puzzling why The process started with the conversion of Drake and Nelson developers are building new Houses on Nelson Street and has gathered apace. This area is speculative blocks at Temple rapidly changing from office Metropolis to Studentopolis. Quarter and elsewhere. Our expert tells us that, by today’s Where are all these students coming from? standards those old towers Higher education is now big business : the two universities are of poor quality. In some attract a student body of some 36,000, an increase of 40% since cases the ceiling heights 2001 and still growing. Almost a quarter of those are low, making them feel attending Bristol University are from overseas. oppressive, and unsuitable for installing false floors or Traditionally students lived in Halls of Residence with very suspended ceilings for cable limited capacity, and mainly in bedsitter-land, in routing. Heating and HMOs (Houses in Multiple Occupation). However, the growing presence of HMOs with a transient population in a

FEATURE neighbourhood has brought many undesirable pressures and conflict 8 with residents. Parents of young students, particularly from abroad also wish to see their offspring safely housed in surroundings conducive to study. It is not surprising then, that private landlords such as Unite have taken the initiative in providing specialist student accommodation. Most of this new accommodation is around the University, and as shown below, in the central area. Bristol City Council planning policy DM2 approves the city centre location because it relieves pressure to convert family homes to HMOs, and makes a contribution to the vitality of the city centre.

mainly conversions mainly new build Coming full circle. The inner city as residential area FEATURE 1501 new builds, or 102% of all new builds, which is obviously Housing crisis not viable. 9 This leaves Bristol with a mighty problem.

Delivering affordable housing Aware of this problem, in 2013 the Mayor set up a Bristol – what crisis? Homes Commission to report and recommend positive actions. The final report of the Commission was presented and accepted Housing for all at the Cabinet meeting in August 2014. It isn’t just students who are moving into the central area either. Many of those coming to Bristol as students end up liking the One of the issues is that the crisis is not unique to Bristol, but is place so much they stay on and make careers here, boosting the part of a national issue. Housing supply must be seen in the pool of well-qualified professionals and talent in the city. context of Bristol’s place at the centre of the sub-region and one recommendation is the formation of a WoE Homes Agency Besides any general migration into the city, the biggest factor in the huge demand for new households is in the way we are A number of key recommendations have been made, including: living. There are just more of us living much longer. The aver- age size of household has fallen with many more single-parent 1. Measures to increase supply of land by combining small families and single people living alone. areas of land held by City Council and government agencies in developable packages. Young professionals have been moving back into inner cities, gentrifying areas that were in decline. Car ownership is no long- 2. Setting up a stalled-sites team to advance sites that have er ‘cool’, and is actually in decline among the 20-30 age-group, had permission but not completed in reasonable time. who prefer to cycle or use public transport. This could result in more active use of Compulsory Purchase orders. However the supply of completed homes has slumped to an all-time low, with only 878 completions in 2012/13. Demand far 3. Transfer of council owned housing stock, by sale to outstrips supply, with over 14000 people on Council waiting list. not-for-profit company, allowing the council to raise more capital for social house-building projects (it is only It is not surprising then that the last decade has seen a trend for allowed to borrow up to £12m) large, high-density residential developments in or close to the central area. The huge development at Wapping Wharf is taking 4. A change of culture, reducing delays in the process and shape, with applications for major sites in the pipeline at creation of a results-led system. The Civic Society may Temple Quay and Temple Quarter. A massive population well object to a procedure that is biased too much in increase is taking place in the city central area, coming full favour of commercial housebuilders interests at the circle from the post-war exodus to suburban estates. expensive of well designed communities.

Crystall balls – predicting the future. Some commentators have suggested that radical changes in Bristol City Council has a local housing target of some 26,400 land supply are needed. Speaking at the BCS event on July 9th, dwellings to be delivered in Bristol between 2006 and 2026. Paul Smith suggested that the Green Belt needs to be sacrificed, the prospect of joining up to peripheral towns such as The SHMA (Strategic Housing Market Assessment) report Keynsham must be contemplated. carried out for the West of England group of local authorities in 2009 analysed the region’s housing needs and came up with In conclusion some worrying conclusions. Those unloved tower blocks may come to be seen as a blessing in disguise, providing a valuable and unexpected source of relief Despite relative affluence of the city, the difference between to our housing problems. The unexpected market forces, not average earnings and average house prices is greater here than part of any carefully constructed Strategies, may well make a almost anywhere else outside the London area. There is a huge positive contribution. The Society has generally been supportive demand for ‘affordable’ housing. This is defined as social rented of these changes. housing, or property sold on a shared equity basis, to eligible households on a less than market rate. But will the urban infrastructure be able to cope with this new population. Where are the medical facilities, the schools, all the Typically, a planning application will require a developer other facilities? Perhaps conversion of City Hall to a primary to make 10-35% of the units on a development affordable. school might be needed? However, a developer will often claim that this makes a development unviable, and the council is obliged to waive it, One thing is certain, those precious green spaces, those jewels, as has happened on several sites. The SHMA predicts an Brandon Hill, Queen Square, Castle Park must be protected like annual demand of 1526 affordable units out of a supply of never before. Bristol, Königsberg, and the Bridge Problem

FEATURE Bristol, Konigsberg, and the Bridge Problem 10 How many bridges would you have guessed there were in Bristol? Would you have said How many bridges would you have guessed there were in Bristol? Would you have said 43? And 43? Andwhat links Bristol’s bridges, the former KönigsbergBristol, (now Kaliningrad) Konigsberg,and what links Bristol’s bridges, the former Konigsberg and (now Kaliningrad) the and Facebook Bridge ? No idea? Problem Facebook? No idea? Then42 read on… Then read on! How many bridges would you have guessed there were in Bristol? Would you have said 43? And what links Bristol’s bridges,“The Seven the Bridgesformer of Konigsberg Königsberg” is(now a well Kaliningrad) known problem and in mathematics. Facebook ? No idea? t her launch in 1843, the ss Great42 Britain was the The proposed site for ‘Being Brunel’ includes the buildings along theThen read on! largest, fastest and most experimental ship in the world. starboard side of the ss Great Britain. In particular the Grade II*-listed The city of Königsberg in Prussia (home of Immanuel Kant), now Kaliningrad, Russia, was set on both sides of the Pregel River, and included two large islands which were connected to each other and the A three-man building committee, lead by Isambard 1840 drawing office of the GWSSC; known as39 the Brunel Drawing Of- “The Seven Bridges of Königsberg” is a well known problem in mathematics. mainland by seven bridges (diagram A) Kingdom Brunel, innovated and developed a vessel at the fice and a rare example of vernacular dockyard building. cutting edge of Victorian technology. 41 The city of Königsberg in Prussia (home of Immanuel Kant), now Kaliningrad, Russia, was set on both A 40 sidesThe of problem the Pregel was River, to find and a included walk through two large the city islands that which would were cross connected each bridge to eachonce other and only and once.the If 39 The building has great potential and this project will restore and bring mainlandthere had by beenseven one bridges less bridge(diagram the A) problem would have been easily solvable, but the answer eluded Testament to her design, the ship had an extraordinarily long it into public access for the first time. The office will be interpreted as everyone for many years. and became known to intellectuals throughout Europe. Finally in 1735 the 41 mathematician Leonard Euler presented a proof that , for this particular layout of bridges, there was no working life, which ultimately came to an end off the coast of the it would have been in 1840, when Brunel 40was dramatically arguing The problem was to find a walk through the city that would cross each bridge once and only once. If Falkland Islands. Following a rescue operation in 1970, she was to the directors of the GWSSC to switch the design of the ss Great theresolution. had been Euler's one approachless bridge was the to problem regard thewould areas have of beenland (thereeasily solvable,are 4 of them) but the as answer points eluded(or nodes) to A. The Original Problem at Konigsberg brought back to Bristol and now resides in the Dry Dock where Britain from paddle to propeller power. everyonebe visited, for andmany the years. bridges and becameas paths known(or links) to betweenintellectuals those throughout points. The Europe. mathematical Finally in essentials 1735 the of the she was originally built by the Great Western Steamship Company mathematicianmap of Königsberg Leonard can Euler then presented be reduced a proof to diagram that , for B, this which particular is an example layout of of bridges, what is there called was a “graph” no or “network”. Euler's solution of the Königsberg bridge problem is regarded as the first theorem of (GWSSC). The redevelopment of the adjacent, semi-derelict, 1940s buildings into solution. Euler's approach was to regard the areas of land (there are 4 of them) as points (or nodes) to A. The Original Problem at Konigsberg begraph visited, theory and the and bridges the first as truepaths proof (or links) in “Network between Theory”. those points. The mathematical essentials of the a museum gallery will complete the recreation of the historic setting map of Königsberg can then be reduced to diagram B, which is an example of what is called a “graph” Since her homecoming, the ss Great Britain Trust has undertaken the of the Great Western Dockyard around the ship, and also provide the or “network”.Euler realised Euler's that solution the key ofinformation the Königsberg was the bridge network problem of how is regarded the nodes as werethe first linked theorem and the of ThiloThilo Gross Gross is isa areader Reader in in engineering Engineering Mathematicsmathematics at at Bristol the University of preservation and restoration of Brunel’s ship and opened her to the means for disability access into the ‘Brunel Drawing Office’. graphnumber theory of and those the links first , truerather proof than in their “Network exact Theory”. positions. The science of topology - the study of University. He came here from his native Germany about thee years public. The surrounding buildingsBristol. have beenHe came adapted here for from classrooms, his native Germany about three years ago shapes and spaces, and it’s subset, Network Theory, -developed from this insight. The difference ago beacause Bristol is one of the best places in the world for this because Bristol is one of the best places in the world for this particular Eulerbetween realised the that map the of key the information bridges and was the the network network schematic of how the is a nodes good wereexample linked of andthe ideathe that workshops, visitor facilities and a museum;particular creating subject. an authentic, He wanted to find anHistoric interesting photographs way of of the north side of the Great Western subject.Thilo Gross is a Reader in Engineering Mathematics at Bristol numbertopology of those is not links concerned , rather withthan thetheir “rigid” exact shape positions. of objects. The science of topology - the study of industrial dockside landscape which attractsintroducingUniversity. about He his 170,000came students here visitors to from network his a native theory GermanyDockyard - and he about showrealised thee just that years how atmospheric the GWSSC buildings, year. Brunel’s ss Great Britain has also been voted Bristol’s premier demolished in 1918, were. The redevelopment will recreate the mass, shapes and spaces, and it’s subset, Network Theory, -developed from this insight. The difference He wantedBristolago beacause and to findits bridges Bristol an interesting ishad one a ofresemblance the way best of placesintroducing to Konigsberg in the world his - studentsexcept for this that betweenNetwork the theory map of is thenow bridges used to and predict the network the behaviour schematic of complex is a good systems example that of thehave idea parts that that interact particular subject. He wanted to find an interesting way of attraction on the TripAdvisor website.to networkit has three theory, “islands” and - realisedSpike Island, that St Bristol Phillipsscale and and and its Redcliffe bridgesatmosphere - andhad 43 aof these historical buildings; creating a sense of topologywith or isare not linked concerned in some with way the to “rigid” each other.shape of It objects.was fundamental to the development of the internet introducing his students to network theory - and he realised that resemblancebridges, not to 2Königsberg. and 7 respectively. The exceptions Nevertheless,dockland being he knewthat ambience it that has the threeand industrial ‘is- characterDetailed ininstructions keeping with for the the rest and the world-wide web. Another application is the relationships between people - called Social Bristol and its bridges had a resemblance to Konigsberg - except that The Trust is now embarking on ‘Beinglands’“Konigsberg -Brunel’, Spike Island,a bridgeproject St problem” exploringPhillips andcould the Redcliffe be appliedof the - dockyard.toand Bristol 43bridges, - walk acrossnot two walk can be downloaded NetworkNetwork theory Theory. is now If this used sounds to predict familiar, the youbehaviour will not of be complex surprised systems to learn that that have that parts Mark that Zuckerberg interact it has three “islands” - Spike Island, St Phillips and Redcliffe - and 43 man and his remarkable story. ‘Beingand Brunel’allseven of its respectively. bridgesseizes a without new opportunity crossing the same one twice- and he knew from 'Bristol bridges walk', an withused or areit as linked the the in somebasis wayof how to each Facebook other. works. It was fundamentalIt is remarkable to theto ponder development that had of 18ththe internet century bridges, not 2 and 7 respectively. Nevertheless, he knew that the that it did have a solution. So he set about solving it. Detailedarticle in instructions the News Section for the of andKonigsberg the world-wide NOT web.had a Another somewhat application esoteric problem is the relationships to do with betweenits bridges, people we wouldn’t - called Social now be able to to bring together the heritage of his life“Konigsberg and works bridgeby making problem” the could be appliedThe Trustto Bristol is in - walkthe initial across stages of developing the project concept B.The Konigsberg bridges translated into Nevertheless, he knew that the “Königsberg bridge problem” could be walkthe Bristolcan be Civicdownloaded Society Networkpost embarrassing Theory. If this photos sounds on familiar, Facebook! you will not be surprised to learn that that Mark Zuckerberg major collections of Brunel material publicallyItall required of its bridges accessible about without three for solid crossingthe daysfirst theof work sameand spread one is twice-approaching over anda fortnight. he knew funding bodies tofrom seek 'Bristol financial bridges support walk', an for the a “graph” or “network” applied to Bristol - walk across all of its bridges without crossing the website used it as the the basis of how Facebook works. It is remarkable to ponder that had 18th century time. Visitors will be able to see diaries,Twothat personal thirdsit did haveof possessions, the a timesolution. was drawings Sospent he setjust about findingproject. solving out where At it. the all time the bridgesof writing, the Trustarticle is in awaiting the News a Section decision of from same one twice. He knew there was a solution, so he set about solving (www.bristolcivicsociety.org. Konigsberg NOT had a somewhat esoteric problem to do with its bridges, we wouldn’t now be able to B.The Konigsberg bridges translated into and plans; with highlights including Brunel’swere, and ‘locked’ what was diary, to count his cigar as a bridge andthe Heritagewhat not. Lottery Only bridges Fund regardingthe uk/news).funding Bristol Civicfor further Society development post embarrassing photos on Facebook! case, a gold table service presentedit. by thattheIt required directorsare walkable about of thethreeare included,Great solid days and of a work judgementof spread the project overhad toa fortnight. beduring made 2014. The Trustwebsite will seek to inform and involve a “graph” or “network” Western Railway and original plans foraboutTwo the thirds Clifton some of smaller the Suspension time bridges was spent (notBridge. justcomparable findingthe outcommunity in sizewhere to Konigsberg’sall theat all bridges stages of the project.(www.bristolcivicsociety.org. It requiredwere, and about what three was tosolid count days as a of bridge work and spread what over not. a Only fortnight. bridges Two uk/news). bridges) on tributories of the Avon that would have led the resulting 43 24 thirdswalkthat of arelongthe walkable time distances was are spentthrough included, finding some and dullaout judgement areas.where Some all had the bridgesto bridgesbe made comprise were, and 15 In 2013, the Trust surveyed a representative sample of 2,000 Bristol Alternative route - not so 25 whattwoabout was separate to some count smaller structures as a bridgesbridge of segregated and(not whatcomparable not.traffic FurtherOnly inand size arebridges information:to counted Konigsberg’s that as are two. walk - Finish 26 residents on the principles and core proposals for ‘Being Brunel’ steep, not so interesting able arebridges) included, on tributories and a judgement of the Avon had that to would beNews made have and ledabout updates the someresulting on smaller the project will be available on the Brunel’s 43 24 23 through Bristol City Council’s Citizens’walk Panel long Survey. distances The through vast some dull areas. Some bridges comprise 12 1316 15 bridgesSolving (not the comparable problem is ina case size of to trial Königsberg’s and errorss Great, bridges)using Britain some on website: tributaries ssgreatbritain.org/about-us/future-plans Alternative route - not so 25 22 Thilo Gross, Reader in Finish 26 21 14 majorityThilo Gross, (89%) Reader thought inthat Bristolof shouldthemathematics.two River separate do Avonmore structuresand thatto somecelebrate would informedof segregatedhave its led guesswork. the traffic resulting and There are walk countedis no long one as distances two. steep, not so interesting Engineering Mathematics, Jenny O’Grady 30 23 17 uniqueEngineering Brunel heritage Mathematics, and 87% thoughtthroughsolution that some tothe thedull Trust problem, areas. should Some and do othersbridges may comprise start and two end separate at different struc - 1316 University of Bristol Solving the problem is a case of trial and [email protected] , using some 27 22 12 more to provide the public with antures opportunitypoints, of segregated but to Thilo access, traffic particularly understand and wanted are counted his solution as two. to end at Clifton 21 18 14 UniversityThilo Gross, of ReaderBristol in mathematics. and some informed guesswork. There is no one 3638 31 29 Suspension bridge. When he finally “cracked it” he then walked the 37 32 30 17 and enjoy Brunel’s legacy and his significancesolution totoday. the problem, and others may start and end at different 33 Start 28 7 Engineering Mathematics, Solvingwhole the route problem - about is 33a case miles of - trialand managed and error, to using do it all some in a single day 35 27 6 points, but Thilo particularly wanted his solution to end at Clifton 38 1 29 3 18 University of Bristol mathematicsof more than12 and informed hours walking. guesswork. There is no one solution to the 36 34 32 31 2 4 10 Suspension bridge. When he finally “cracked it” he then walked the 37 28 5 20 8 11 problem, and others may start and end at different points, but Thilo 33 Start 67 9 Thewhole “Bristol route Bridge - about Walk” 33 miles is a fascinating- and managed and tosometimes do it all in spectacular a single day 35 particularly wanted his solution to end at Clifton Suspension Bridge. 1 3 routeof more that than12 will take hours you walking. into many of Bristol’s hidden nooks and 34 2 10 When he finally cracked it, he then walked the whole route - about 33 4 5 20 8 19 11 crannies. Each bridge is an interesting feat of engineering with its 9 The “Bristol Bridge Walk” is a fascinating and sometimes spectacular milesown - and place managed in the history to do of it theall incity. a single Unlike day Thilo, of you more don’t than have 12 to hours walking.route that will take you into many of Bristol’s hidden nooks and Bristol’s Bridges in Full 19 docrannies. it all in Eachone day, bridge and is you an interestingcould maybe feat do of by engineering bicycle if you with are its prepared to carry it up and down steps. Bristol’s Bridges in Full The own“Bristol place Bridgein the historyWalk” ofis thea fascinating city. Unlike and Thilo, sometimes you don’t have spectacular to Bristol’s1.Vauxhall Bridges Bridge in Full 13.Netham Lock Bridge East 25.St Phillips Bridge 37.Unnamed Footbridge do it all in one day, and you could maybe do by bicycle if you are routeThilo’s that routewill take is set you out into in the many map ofon Bristol’s the right, hidden and we nookshave also and cran- 2.Gaol Ferry Bridge 14.New Brislington Bridge 26.Bristol Bridge 38.Plimsoll (swing) Bridge prepared to carry it up and down steps. 1.Vauxhall Bridge nies.provided Each bridge detailed is an written interesting instructions feat of that engineering can be downloaded with its own from place 1.Vauxhall3.Bathurst Bridge Basin Roadbridge 13.Netham15.St. Anne's Lock Bridge Bridge East 25.St27.to Phillips Redcliffe Bridge Bridge 37.Unnamed39.Trym Cross Footbridge Road Bridge in the history of the city. Unlike Thilo, you don’t have to do it all in one 'BristolThilo’s routebridges is setwalk', out an in articlethe map in onthe the News right, section and we of havethe Bristol also 2.Gaol2.Gaol Ferry Ferry Bridge Bridge 14.New Brislington Bridge 26.Bristol Bridge 38.Plimsoll40.Portway (swing) Bridge Bridge day, and you could maybe do it by bicycle if you are prepared to carry it 4.Bedminster Bridge East 16.Netham Lock Bridge West 28.Bathurst Basin Footbridge Civicprovided Society detailed website written (www.bristolcivicsociety.org.uk/news).. instructions that can be downloaded from 3.Bathurst Basin Roadbridge 39.Trym Cross Road Bridge up and down steps. 3.Bathurst5.Bedminster Basin Bridge Roadbridge West 15.St.17.Feeder Anne's Canal Bridge Footbridge 27.to29.Prince Redcliffe Street Bridge Bridge 41.Unnamed foorbridge 'Bristol bridges walk', an article in the News section of the Bristol 4.Bedminster4.Bedminster Bridge Bridge East East 16.Netham Lock Bridge West 28.Bathurst Basin Footbridge 40.Portway Bridge Civic Society website (www.bristolcivicsociety.org.uk/news).. 6,Bath Bridge Southwest 18.Avon St Bridge 30.to Pero's Bridge 42.Avonmouth Bridge Thilo’sOf course, route iswhen set (orout if)in the the proposed map on thenew right, Finzel’s and Reach we bridgehave also is 5.Bedminster7.Bath5.Bedminster Bridge Bridge Northeast Bridge West West 17.Feeder19.Totterdown/Albert Canal Footbridge Road Bridge29.Prince 31.Pooles Street Wharf Bridge Bridge 41.Unnamed43.Clifton foorbridgeSuspension Bridge providedbuilt, andetailed entirely written new solution instructions will have that to becan found be downloaded - so dont leave from it 6,Bath8.Unnamed6,Bath Bridge Bridge railway Southwest Southwest and footbridge 18.Avon20.Langdon St Bridge St/Banana Bridge 30.to32.Cumberland Pero's Bridge Basin Bridge North 42.Avonmouth Bridge 'BristoltooOf course,bridgeslong! whenAnd walk', who (or an if) knows, thearticle proposed you in may the new Newsbe inspired Finzel’s section Reachto become of thebridge Bristol an is Civic 7.Bath Bridge Northeast 19.Totterdown/Albert Road Bridge 31.Pooles Wharf Bridge 43.Clifton Suspension Bridge expert in network theory! 9.Sparke7.Bath Evans Bridge Park Northeast Susp. Bridge 21.Meads Reach Bridge 33.Cumberland Basin Bridge South Societybuilt, website an entirely at www.bristolcivicsociety.org.uk/news. new solution will have to be found - so dont leave it 8.Unnamed railway and footbridge 20.Langdon St/Banana Bridge 32.Cumberland Basin Bridge North too long! And who knows, you may be inspired to become an 10.St.8.Unnamed Phillips Causeway railway and Bridge footbridge East 22.Valentine's Bridge 34.Ashton Road Bridge 9.Sparke Evans Park Susp. Bridge 21.Meads Reach Bridge 33.Cumberland Basin Bridge South Of course,expert whenin network (or if)theory! the proposed new Finzel’s Reach bridge is built, 11.St.9.Sparke Phillips Evans Causeway Park Susp.Bridge Bridge West 23.Temple Bridge 35.Avon Bridge 10.St. Phillips Causeway Bridge East 22.Valentine's Bridge 34.Ashton Road Bridge an entirely new solution will have to be found - so don’t leave it too 12.Marsh10.St. BridgePhillips Causeway Bridge East 24.Unnamed footbridge 36.Unnamed Footbridge long. You may even be inspired to become an expert in network theory! 11.St. Phillips Causeway Bridge West 23.Temple Bridge 35.Avon Bridge 12.Marsh11.St. Bridge Phillips Causeway Bridge West24.Unnamed footbridge 36.Unnamed Footbridge Bristol, Königsberg, and the Bridge Problem FEATURE Bristol, Konigsberg, and the Bridge Problem 11 Bristol,Bristol,How many bridges Konigsberg, wouldKonigsberg,“The you Seven have Bridges guessed of Königsberg” there were is ina Bristol?well knownand and Would problem you in have themathematics. the said 43? And Bridge Bridge ProblemProblem what links Bristol’s bridges, theHow former many bridges Konigsberg would (nowyou have Kaliningrad) guessed there and were Facebook in Bristol? ? Would No idea? you have said 43? And Then read on! The city of Königsberg in Prussia (home of Immanuel Kant), now Kaliningrad, Russia, was set on both 42 sidesHow ofmanywhat the Pregelbridgeslinks Bristol’s River, would bridges,and you included have the former guessed two large Konigsberg there islands were (now which in Bristol?Kaliningrad) were connected Would and you Facebook to have each said other? No 43? idea?and And the Bristol,what linksThen Bristol’s read on! bridges,Konigsberg, the former Konigsberg (now Kaliningrad) and and Facebook the ? No idea?Bridge Problem 42 mainland by seven bridges (diagram A). 42 “TheThen Seven read Bridges on! of Königsberg”How is a wellmany known bridges problem would you in have mathematics. guessed there were in Bristol? Would you have said 43? And The problem was to find“The awhat Sevenwalk links throughBridges Bristol’s of Königsberg”thebridges, city thethat is former a wellwould Konigsbergknown cross problem each(now in Kaliningrad)bridge mathematics. once and and Facebook only ?once. No idea?If 42 Thethere city of had Königsberg been one in Prussialess“The bridge Seven (homeThen Bridges the read of problemImmanuel on!of Königsberg” would Kant), is nowahave well Kaliningrad, knownbeen easily problem Russia, solvable, in mathematics. was setbut on the both answer eluded every- sides of the Pregel River, and includedThe city two of Königsberg large islands in Prussia which (home were of connectedImmanuel Kant), to each now Kaliningrad,other and Russia,the was set on both 39 Bristol,one for many years andKonigsberg, becamesides of the known Pregel River,to intellectuals and included twothroughout large islandsand Europe. which were connectedthe to each otherBridge and the Problem 39 “The Seven Bridges of Königsberg” is a well known problem in mathematics. mainland by seven bridgesThe (diagram citymainland of Königsberg A) by seven in bridges Prussia (diagram (home of A) Immanuel Kant), now Kaliningrad, Russia, was set on both sides of theHow Pregel many River, bridges and would included you two have large guessed islands there which were were in Bristol? connected Would to eachyou have other said and 43? the And 41 39 41 Finally, in 1735, the mathematician LeonardThe Euler city of Königsbergpresented in Prussia proof (home that, of Immanuel for this Kant), particular now Kaliningrad, layout Russia, wasof set on both mainland by seven bridges (diagramsides of the A) Pregel River, and included two large islands which were connected to each other and the 40 40 The problem was 39to find a walk Thethroughwhat problem links the was Bristol’scity to that find bridges, awould walk thethrough cross former each the Konigsberg city bridge that would once (now cross and Kaliningrad) eachonly bridgeonce. and once If Facebook and only ? once.No idea? If bridges, there was no solution. Euler's approachmainland was by seven to regard bridges (diagram the areas A) of land (there are four of them) 42 41 there had been one less bridge thethereThen problem had read been on! would one less have bridge been the problemeasily solvable, would have but been the easilyanswer solvable, eluded but the answer eluded 40 as points (or41 nodes) Theto be problemeveryone visited, was for and to many find the years. a bridgeswalk and through became as paths the known city (or that to links) intellectuals would between cross throughout each those bridge Europe. points. once andFinally The only in 1735once.math the - If everyone for many40 years. and became known to intellectualsThe problem throughoutwas to find a walk Europe. through the Finally city that in would 1735 cross the each bridge once and only once. If mathematicianematical essentials Leonard Eulerofthere the presented hadmathematicianmap been of Königsbergonea proof less Leonard bridgethatthere“The Euler , canfor the Seven had thispresented thenproblem been Bridges particular one be of lessa wouldreduced Königsberg”proof bridge layout havethat the isto,problem beenfor aof welldiagram thisbridges, knowneasily would particular solvable,problemhave thereB, been layoutwhich inwas easilybutmathematics. of no the solvable,isbridges, an answer example but there the eluded answerwas ofno eluded everyonesolution. for many Euler's years. approach andeveryone became was tofor knownregardmany years. the to andintellectualsareas became of land known throughout(there to intellectuals are 4 of Europe. them) throughout as Finally points Europe. in (or 1735 nodes)Finally the in to 1735 the A. The Original Problem at Konigsberg solution.what isEuler's called approach a ‘graph’ was or to‘network’. regard the areas of land (there are 4 of them) as points (or nodes) to mathematicianbe visited, Leonardand the bridges EulermathematicianThe presented ascity paths of Königsberg (or Leonarda prooflinks) in Euler Prussiabetweenthat presented , for(home thosethis of a particularproofImmanuel points. that The,Kant), for layout this mathematical now particular of Kaliningrad, bridges, layout essentials Russia, there of bridges, wasA. was of Theset there theno on bothOriginalwas no Problem at Konigsberg be visited, and the bridges as paths (or links) betweensolution.sides those of the Euler's points.Pregel approach River, The and was mathematicalincluded to regard two the large areas islandsessentials of land which (there wereof are the connected 4 of them) toas each points other (or nodes) and the to 39 solution.map Euler's of Königsberg approach can was then to be regard reduced the to areas diagram of land B, which(there is are an 4example of them) of aswhat points is called (or nodes) a “graph” to A. TheA. The Original Original ProblemProblem at atKonigsberg Konigsberg mapEuler's of Königsberg solution can of thenthe Königsbergbe orreduced “network”. to bridge Euler'sdiagram solutionproblembemainland B, visited, which of bythe andis seven is regardedKönigsbergthe an bridges bridges example as (diagram bridgeaspaths theof (or A) whatproblem links) first betweenis theoremcalled is regarded those a “graph” points. ofas thegraph The first mathematical theorytheorem essentialsofand of the be visited, and the bridges asmap paths of Königsberg (or links) can between then be reduced those points.to diagram The B, which mathematical is an example essentials of what is called of the a “graph” the first true41 proof in ‘Networkgraph theory Theory’. and the first true proof in “Network Theory”. or “network”. Euler's40 solutionmap of of the Königsberg Königsberg can thenbridgeorThe be “network”. problemproblemreduced wasEuler's to isto diagram regardedfindsolution a walk of B, throughthe aswhich Königsberg the the isfirst city an bridge thatexampletheorem would problem crossof of whatis each regarded bridgeis called as once the a first and“graph” theorem only once. of If graph theory and the first ortrue “network”. proof in Euler's “Network solution Theory”.graphthere of the had theory Königsberg been and one the less first bridgebridge true proof the problem problem in “Network would is regarded Theory”. have been as easily the solvable,first theorem but the answerof eluded Euler realised that the keyeveryone information for many wasyears. the and network became known of how to theintellectuals nodes werethroughout linked Europe. and the Finally in 1735 the Thilo Gross is a Reader in Engineering Mathematics at Bristol Euler realised that thegraph key theory information and the first was true Eulermathematicianthe proof realisednetwork in “Network that Leonard the of key howEuler Theory”. information presented the nodes was a proof the network werethat , for linkedof this how particular the and nodes layout the were of numberlinked bridges, and there the was no Thilo Gross is a Reader in Engineering Mathematics at Bristol number of those links , rather than their exact positions. The science of topology - the study of University. He came here from his native Germany about thee years Eulerof realised those links, that the rather key informationthanshapes their and exactwas spaces, the positions. network and numbersolution.it’s subset, ofThe of Euler'show those Network science theapproach links nodes, ratherTheory, wasof than topologytowere -developed regard their linked exact the areas -positions. from theand of landthis studythe The (thereinsight. science of are shapesThe 4 of of topology them)difference andas -points the spaces, study (or nodes) of to A. The Original Problem at Konigsberg Thilo Gross is a Reader in Engineering Mathematics atago Bristol beacause Bristol is one of the best places University.in the world He camefor this here from his native Germany about thee years Euler realised that the key informationshapesbe visited, and and spaces, was the bridges andthe it’s network assubset, paths Network (orof links)how Theory, between the nodes -developed those were points. from linked The this mathematical insight. and the The difference essentials of the ago beacause Bristol is one of the best places in the world for this numberand itsof subset,those links Network , rather thanTheorybetween their the- exactdeveloped map positions. of the bridgesfrom The thisand science the insight. network of topology schematicThe difference - the is a studygood example betweenof of thethe idea map that of the University. He came here from his nativeThilo Germany Gross is aboutaparticular Reader thee in subject. Engineering years He wanted Mathematics to find an at interestingBristol way of number of those links , ratherbetweenmap than of Königsberg theirthe map exact of can the positions.then bridges be reduced and The the tonetwork science diagram schematic ofB, which topology isis aan good example - the example study of what of ofthe is calledidea that a “graph” University. He came here from his native Germany about theeparticular years subject. He wanted to find an interesting way of shapesbridges, and spaces, and the and network it’s subset, topologyschematic, Network is not Theory, is concerned a good -developedtopologyor “network”. withexample isthe not Euler's “rigid” concernedfrom of solution shapethe this with idea insight.of of the objects. “rigid”thatKönigsberg The shapetopology difference bridge of objects. problem is not is regarded concerned as the first with theorem of ago beacause Bristol is one of the best places in theintroducing world for thishis students to network theory - andintroducing he realised his students that to network theory - and he realised that shapes and spaces, and it’s subset,graph theory Network and the Theory, first true -developed proof in “Network from Theory”. this insight. The difference ago beacause Bristol is one of the best places in the worldBristol for this and its bridges had a resemblance to Konigsberg - except thatbetween the rigid the mapshape of ofthe objects. bridges and the network schematic is a good example of the idea that particular subject. He wanted to find an interestingBristol way ofand its bridges had a resemblance to Konigsberg - except that betweenNetwork the map theory of the is now bridges usedNetwork andto theorypredict the isnetwork nowthe behaviourused schematicto predict of the complex is behaviour a good systems ofexample complex that ofsystemshave the parts ideathat have thatthat parts interact that interact particular subject.it has Hethree wanted “islands” to -find Spike an Island, interesting St Phillips way and ofit has Redcliffe three “islands” - and - 43 Spike Island, St Phillips and Redcliffe - and 43 topology is not concerned with the “rigid” shape of objects.withEuler or realised are linked that in the some key wayinformation to each other.was the It networkwas fundamental of how the to nodes the development were linked ofand the the internet introducing his students to network theory - and he realised that Thilo Gross is a Reader in Engineering Mathematics at Bristol topologywith is or not are concerned linked in some with way the to“rigid” each shape other. of It objects.was fundamental to the development of the internet introducing hisbridges, students not to 2 networkand 7 respectively. theory - and Nevertheless, he realisedbridges, he that knew not that2 and the 7 respectively. Nevertheless, he knew that the Detailed instructions for the andnumber the world-wideof those links web. , rather Another than applicationtheir exact positions.is the relationships The science between of topology people - the- called study Social of University. He came here from his native DetailedGermany about instructions thee years for the Bristol and its bridges had a resemblance to Konigsberg - except that “Konigsberg bridge problem” could be applied to Bristol - walk across Networkwalk cantheory be downloaded is now usedand theto predictworld-wide the web. behaviourNetworkshapes Another and Theory. spaces, application of If thisandcomplex sounds it’s subset, is the familiar, systemsNetwork relationships you Theory,will thatnot between-developedbe havesurprised peopleparts from to learn this that- thatinsight.called that interact TheSocial Mark difference Zuckerberg Bristol and its bridges“Konigsberg had abridge resemblance problem” to could Konigsberg be applied - exceptago to beacauseBristol that - Bristolwalk across is one of the best placeswalk in can the beworld downloaded for this Network theory is now used to predict the behaviour of complex systems that have parts that interact all of its bridges without crossing the same one twice- and he knew with, orfrom are 'Bristol linked bridges inwalk',Network some an Network way,theory Theory.to is eachnow If used thisother. sounds usedbetweento predict Itit as was familiar, thethe mapthe thefundamental basis ofbehaviouryou the ofwill bridges how not Facebook of and be tocomplex thesurprised the networkworks. development systems toIt schematic is learn remarkable that is a that havegoodto of ponder Mark exampletheparts that Zuckerberginternet that ofhad the interact18th idea centuryand that it has three “islands” - Spike Island, St Phillipsit has threeand Redcliffe“islands”all of its - -Spike bridgesand 43Island, without St Phillips crossing and the Redcliffe same one particular- andtwice- 43 andsubject. he knew He wanted to find an interesting way of that it did have a solution. So he set aboutfrom solving 'Bristol it. bridges walk',with an or arearticle linked in the in News some Section withway of or toused are each itlinked as other. the in the some It basis was way Konigsbergtopology offundamental howto each Facebook is not NOT other. concerned had to works.a It thesomewhat was with development Itfundamental the is esoteric remarkable“rigid” shape problem to of to theobjects. theto ponder do development internet with that its bridges, had 18th of we the wouldn’t century internet now be able to introducing his students to network theory - and he realised that B.The Konigsberg bridges translated into bridges, not 2 and 7 respectively. Nevertheless,bridges, not he 2knew andthat 7it that respectively.did havethe a solution. Nevertheless, So he setDetailed he about knew solving instructions that the it. for the Detailed instructionsarticle in the for News the Section the of worldthe Bristol wide Civic web. Society post embarrassing photos on Facebook! ItBristol required and aboutits bridges three had solid a resemblancedays of work tospread Konigsberg over a fortnight.- except that and the world-wide web. Anotherand theKonigsberg world-wide application NOT web. hadis the Another a somewhat relationships application esoteric between problemis the relationships people to do with - called its between bridges, Social people we wouldn’t - called now Social be able to B.Thea “graph”Konigsberg or “network” bridges translated into “Konigsberg bridge problem” could be“Konigsberg applied to Bristolbridge problem”- walk across could be applied to Bristol - walk across walk can bethe downloaded Bristol Civic Society website Network theory is now used to predict the behaviour of complex systems that have parts that interact walk can beTwoit hasdownloaded thirds three of “islands” the time - Spike was spent Island, just St Phillipsfinding andout Redcliffewhere all - the and bridges 43 Network Theory.(www.bristolcivicsociety.org. If this soundsNetwork familiar,post Theory. embarrassing you If thiswill soundsnot photos be familiar,onsurprised Facebook! you to will learn not thatbe surprised that Mark to learnZuckerberg that that Mark Zuckerberg It required about three solid days of work spread over a fortnight. website with or are linked in some way to each other. It was fundamental to the development of the internet a “graph” or “network” all of its bridges without crossing the sameall of oneits bridges twice- without and he crossing knew the same onefrom twice- 'Bristol andwere,bridges, he bridges knew and not what 2 walk',and was 7 torespectively. an count fromas a bridgeNevertheless, 'Bristol and bridgeswhat he knewnot. walk', Onlythat the bridges an Anotheruk/news).Detailed application instructions for is the the relationships between people - called Social Network Theory. If this sounds Two thirds of the time was spent just finding out where all the bridges used it as the the basis of usedhow itFacebook as the the works. basis of It how isand remarkable Facebook the world-wide works. to web. ponder Another It is remarkable that application had 18th tois the ponder relationshipscentury that hadbetween 18th people century - called Social that it did have a solution. So he set aboutthat itsolving did have it. a solution. So he set about solving it. that“Konigsberg are walkable bridge are problem” included,article could and a be judgementin applied the(www.bristolcivicsociety.org. News to had Bristol Sectionto be - walkmade ofacross walk can be downloaded were, and what was to count as a articlebridge and in the what News not. Section Only bridges of Konigsbergfamiliar, NOT you had will a not somewhatKonigsberg be surprised esoteric NOT tohad problem learn a somewhat that Networkto do that esoteric withTheory. Mark its If problem thisbridges, Zuckerberg sounds to familiar, we do wouldn’t with you used willits notbridges, itnow be as surprised thebe we able basis wouldn’t to learn to of that hownow that beMark Face able Zuckerberg- to B.The Konigsberg bridges translated into aboutall of its some bridges smaller without bridges crossing (notthe comparableBristolthe sameuk/news). Civic one in twice-size Society to and Konigsberg’s he knew from 'Bristol bridges walk', an used it as the the basis of how Facebook works. It is remarkable to ponder that hadB.The 18th century Konigsberg bridges translated into that are walkable are included, andthe a judgement Bristol Civicbridges)that had it didSociety toon have betributories madea solution. of the So Avonhe set that about would solving have it. led the resulting book articleworks. in the It News is remarkable Sectionpost of embarrassing to ponder photos that on had Facebook! 18th-century Königsberg not had a somewhat esoteric It required about three solid days of work spread over a fortnight. post embarrassing photos on Facebook! 43 Konigsberg NOT had a somewhat esoteric problem to do with its24 bridges, we wouldn’t now be able to a “graph”B.The Konigsberg or “network” bridges translated15 into walk long distances through websitesome dull areas. Some bridges comprise the Bristol Civic Society a “graph” or “network” It required about three solid days of work spread overabout a fortnight. some smaller bridges (not comparablewebsite in size to Konigsberg’s problem to do with its bridges, we wouldn’tpost now embarrassing Alternativebe able route photos to - not post so on Facebook! embarrassing photos on25 Facebook… Two thirds of the time was spent just finding out where alltwoIt the required separate bridges about structures three solid of segregated (www.bristolcivicsociety.org.days of work traffic spread and over are counted a fortnight. as two. website Finish 26 a “graph” or “network” Two thirds of the time was spent just finding out wherebridges) all the on tributoriesbridges of the Avon that would have led the resulting steep, not so interesting 23 (www.bristolcivicsociety.org.Two thirds of the time was spent just finding out where all the bridges (www.bristolcivicsociety.org.43 24 were, and what was to count as a bridge and what not. Only bridges uk/news). 1316 15 were, and what was to count as a bridge and what not.walk longOnly distances bridges through someuk/news). dull areas. SomeSolvingwere, and bridges the what problem was comprise to is counta case as of atrial bridge and anderror what , using not. some Only bridges uk/news). 22 12 that are walkable are included, and a judgement had to be made Alternative route - not so 25 21 14 two separate Thilostructures Gross, of Reader segregated in traffic andmathematics.that areare walkablecounted and are some as included, two. informed and guesswork. a judgement There had isto no be one made Finish 26 that are walkable are included, and a judgementabout some had smaller to be bridges made (not comparable in size to Konigsberg’s steep, not so interesting 30 23 17 Engineering Mathematics, solutionabout some to the smaller problem, bridges and (not others comparable may start in and size end to Konigsberg’sat different 27 about some smaller bridges (not comparable in size to Konigsberg’s 18 1316 bridges) on tributoriesSolving the of theproblemUniversity Avon is that a ofcase wouldBristol of trial have and led error the points,bridges), resultingusing but onsome Thilotributories particularly of the wantedAvon that his would solution have to endled the at Clifton resulting 43 43 3638 31 2429 2224 12 bridges) on tributories of the Avon that would have led the resulting Suspensionwalk long distances bridge. throughWhen he some finally dull “cracked areas. it” Some he then bridges walked comprise the 37 32 21 14 15 15 Thilo Gross, Reader walkin long distancesmathematics. through and some some dull informed areas. Some guesswork. bridges There comprise is no one 43 33 AlternativeStart route24 - not so 28 25 7 wholetwo separate route - structuresabout 33 miles of segregated - and managed traffic toand do are it all counted in a single as two. day AlternativeFinish route - not35 so 30 25 26 6 17 15 walk long distances through some dulltwo areas. separate Some structures bridges comprise of segregated traffic and are counted as two. Finish steep, not so interesting 26 3 Engineering Mathematics, solution to the problem, and others may start ofand more end than12 at different hours walking. steep, not so interesting 34 1 272 23 Alternative route - not so 25 234 5 20 110 1316 two separate structures of segregated traffic and arepoints, counted but Thiloas two. particularly wanted his solutionSolving to end the problemat Clifton is a case of trial and errorFinish , using some 26 29 2218 8 112 University of Bristol steep, not so interesting 3638 31 21 9 131614 Thilo Gross, Reader in Themathematics. “Bristol Bridge and someWalk” informed is a fascinating guesswork. and sometimes There is no spectacular one 37 32 23 22 12 Solving the problemSuspension is a case bridge. of trial When and he error finally , using “cracked some it” he then walked the 28 30 17 route that will take you into many of Bristol’s hidden nooks and 33 Start 6721 19 14 Thilo Gross, Reader in mathematics. andwhole some route informed -Engineering about 33guesswork. miles Mathematics, - and There managed is no to solutionone do it all to inthe a problem, single day and others may start and end at different 35 27 12 1316 Solving the problem is a case of trial and error , using some crannies. Each bridge is an interesting feat of engineering with its 30 3 22 18 17 of more than12University hours walking. of Bristol points, but Thilo particularly wanted his solution to end at Clifton 34 13638 31 2 21 29 14 Thilo Gross, Reader in Engineering Mathematics, solution to the problem, and others may start and end at differentownSuspension place in bridge. the history When of hethe finally city. Unlike“cracked Thilo, it” heyou then don’t walked have to the Bristol’s Bridges in Full 37 32 4 20 10 mathematics. and some informed guesswork. There is no one 33 Start 27 5 28 178 7 11 points, but Thilo particularly wanted his solution to end atdowhole Clifton it all route in one - about day, and 33 youmiles could - and maybe managed do by to bicycledo it all if in you a single are day 38 30 35 29 618 9 solutionUniversity to the ofproblem, Bristol and others may start and endThe at“Bristol different Bridge Walk” is a fascinating and sometimesprepared to spectacularcarry it up and down steps. 36 32 31 1 3 Engineering Mathematics, Suspension bridge. When he finally “cracked it” he then walkedof more than12the hours walking. 37 34 27 2 10 route that will take you into many of Bristol’s hidden nooks and 1.Vauxhall Bridge 33 Start13.Netham Lock Bridge East 2825.St Phillips Bridge18 4 5 7 20 837.Unnamed Footbridge 11 points, but Thilo particularly wanted his solution to end at Clifton 38 29 6 19 9 University of Bristol whole route - about 33 miles - and managed to do it all in Thilo’sThea single “Bristol route day Bridge is set out Walk” in the is a map fascinating on the andright, sometimes and we have spectacular 36also 322.Gaol31 Ferry Bridge35 14.New Brislington Bridge 26.Bristol Bridge 38.Plimsoll (swing) Bridge Suspension bridge. When he finally “cracked it” he thencrannies. walked Each bridgethe is an interesting feat of engineering with its 37 1 3 of more than12own hours place walking. in the history of the city. Unlike Thilo,providedroute you that don’t detailed will take have written you to into instructions many of Bristol’s that can hidden be downloaded nooks and from 333.Bathurst StartBasin Roadbridge34 15.St. Anne's28 Bridge 2 27.to7 4 Redcliffe Bridge20 39.Trym19 Cross Road Bridge10 whole route - about 33 miles - and managed to do it all in a single day 'Bristolcrannies. bridges Each bridgewalk', an is anarticle interesting in theBristol’s News feat ofsection engineering Bridges of the Bristol within35 Full its 6 5 8 11 do it all in one day, and you could maybe do by bicycle if you are 4.Bedminster Bridge East 16.Netham3 Lock Bridge West 28.Bathurst Basin Footbridge 40.Portway Bridge9 of more than12 hours walking. The “Bristol Bridge Walk” is a fascinating and sometimes spectacularCivicown placeSociety in websitethe history (www.bristolcivicsociety.org.uk/news).. of the city. Unlike Thilo, you don’t have to34 Bristol’s Bridges1 in Full 2 prepared to carry it up and down steps. do it all in one day, and you could maybe do by bicycle if you are 5.Bedminster Bridge West 17.Feeder Canal Footbridge4 20 29.Prince Street Bridge 41.Unnamed10 foorbridge route that will take you into many of Bristol’s hidden nooks and 13.Netham Lock Bridge East 25.St5 Phillips Bridge 8 37.Unnamed1 1Footbridge prepared to carry it up and down steps.1.Vauxhall Bridge 6,Bath Bridge Southwest 18.Avon St Bridge 30.to Pero's Bridge 1942.Avonmouth9 Bridge crannies. Each bridge is an interesting feat of engineering with its 1.Vauxhall Bridge 13.Netham Lock Bridge East 25.St Phillips Bridge 37.Unnamed Footbridge The “Bristol Bridge Walk” is a fascinating and sometimesThilo’s spectacular route is set out in the map on the right, andOf course, we have when also (or if) the proposed2.Gaol new Finzel’s Ferry Reach Bridge bridge is 7.Bath Bridge Northeast14.New Brislington Bridge19.Totterdown/Albert 26.Bristol Road Bridge Bridge 31.Pooles Wharf Bridge 38.Plimsoll43.Clifton (swing) Suspension Bridge Bridge own place in the history of the city. Unlike Thilo, you don’tbuilt,Thilo’s have an route to entirely is set new out solution in the map will on have the to right, be found and we - so have dont also leave it 2.Gaol Ferry Bridge 14.New Brislington Bridge 26.Bristol Bridge 38.Plimsoll (swing) Bridge route that will take you into many of Bristol’s hiddenprovided nooks and detailed written instructions that can be downloaded fromBristol’s 3.BathurstBridges in BasinFull Roadbridge 8.Unnamed railway15.St. and Anne's footbridge Bridge 20.Langdon St/Banana27.to Bridge Redcliffe32.Cumberland Bridge Basin19 Bridge North39.Trym Cross Road Bridge do it all in one 'Bristolday, and bridges you could walk', maybe an article do in by the bicycle News ifsection youtooprovided arelong! of the detailed And Bristol who written knows, instructions you may be that inspired can be to downloaded become an from 3.Bathurst Basin Roadbridge 15.St. Anne's Bridge 27.to Redcliffe Bridge 39.Trym Cross Road Bridge crannies. Each bridge is an interesting feat of engineering with its expert'Bristol inbridges network walk', theory! an article in the News section of the Bristol 9.Sparke Evans Park Susp. Bridge 21.Meads Reach Bridge 33.Cumberland Basin Bridge South40.Portway Bridge prepared to carry it up and down steps. 4.Bedminster Bridge East 4.Bedminster Bridge16.Netham East Lock Bridge16.Netham West Lock Bridge28.Bathurst West Basin28.Bathurst Footbridge Basin Footbridge 40.Portway Bridge own place in the history of the city. Unlike Thilo, youCivic don’t Society have website to (www.bristolcivicsociety.org.uk/news)..Civic Society website (www.bristolcivicsociety.org.uk/news).. 10.St. Phillips Causeway Bridge East 22.Valentine's Bridge 34.Ashton Road Bridge Bristol’s Bridges in Full 1.Vauxhall 5.Bedminster Bridge Bridge West 5.Bedminster13.Netham Bridge17.Feeder West Lock Canal Bridge Footbridge East17.Feeder Canal25.St Footbridge29.Prince Phillips Street Bridge29.Prince Bridge Street Bridge 37.Unnamed41.Unnamed41.Unnamed Footbridgefoorbridge foorbridge do it all in one day, and you could maybe do by bicycle if you are 11.St. Phillips Causeway Bridge West 23.Temple Bridge 35.Avon Bridge Thilo’s route is set out in the map on the right, and we have also 2.Gaol Ferry6,Bath Bridge Bridge Southwest 6,Bath Bridge14.New Southwest18.Avon Brislington St Bridge Bridge18.Avon St Bridge26.Bristol30.to Pero's Bridge Bridge30.to Pero's Bridge 38.Plimsoll42.Avonmouth42.Avonmouth (swing) Bridge Bridge Bridge prepared to carry it up and down steps. 12.Marsh Bridge 24.Unnamed footbridge 36.Unnamed Footbridge provided detailedOf course, written when instructions (or if) the that proposed1.Vauxhall can be new downloaded Finzel’s BridgeOf course, Reach from when bridge (or if)is 3.Bathurstthe proposed7.Bath new Basin Finzel’s Bridge13.Netham ReachRoadbridge Northeastbridge is Lock12.Marsh 7.BathBridge Bridge15.St. East Bridge Northeast 19.Totterdown/AlbertAnne's Bridge25.St Phillips19.Totterdown/Albert Road Bridge Bridge27.to23.Temple 31.Pooles RoadRedcliffe Bridge Bridge Wharf Bridge 31.Pooles Bridge Wharf 37.Unnamed Bridge Footbridge39.Trym43.Clifton34.Ashton43.Clifton Cross Suspension Road Suspension BridgeBridge Bridge Bridge 'Bristol bridgesbuilt, walk', an an entirely article new in the solution News willsection have ofto thebe found Bristolbuilt, an - soentirely dont new leave solution it will have to be found - so dont leave it 8.Unnamed railway and footbridge 20.Langdon St/Banana Bridge 32.Cumberland Basin Bridge North too long! And who knows,4.Bedminster you may8.Unnamed be inspired Bridge to become railway East an and footbridge13.Netham16.Netham Lock20.Langdon Bridge Lock Bridge St/Banana East West Bridge 28.Bathurst24.Unnamed32.Cumberland Basin footbridge Footbridge Basin Bridge North 40.Portway Bridge Thilo’s route is set out in the map on theCivic right, Society and wewebsitetoo have long! (www.bristolcivicsociety.org.uk/news).. also And who knows,2.Gaol you may beFerry inspired Bridge to become an 14.New Brislington9.Sparke Bridge Evans Park Susp. Bridge26.Bristol 21.Meads Bridge Reach Bridge 33.Cumberland38.Plimsoll Basin Bridge (swing)South 35.Avon Bridge Bridge expert in network theory! 21.Meads Reach Bridge 33.Cumberland Basin Bridge South provided detailed written instructions that can be downloadedexpert in network from theory! 3.Bathurst Basin Roadbridge5.Bedminster9.Sparke Bridge15.St. Evans West Anne's Park Susp. Bridge14.New Bridge10.St. Phillips 17.Feeder Brislington Causeway Canal Bridge Bridge 27.toFootbridge East Redcliffe22.Valentine's Bridge Bridge29.Prince25.St Phillips Street Bridge Bridge34.Ashton Road39.Trym Bridge Cross Road41.Unnamed36.Unnamed Bridge foorbridge Footbridge 'Bristol bridges walk', an article in the News section of the Bristol 10.St. Phillips Causeway Bridge11.St. East Phillips18.Avon Causeway22.Valentine's St Bridge Bridge West Bridge23.Temple Bridge30.to 34.Ashton Pero's Bridge Road35.Avon Bridge Bridge 42.Avonmouth Bridge 4.Bedminster Bridge East 6,Bath Bridge Southwest16.Netham Lock15.St. Bridge Anne's West Bridge 28.Bathurst Basin Footbridge26.Bristol Bridge 40.Portway Bridge37.Unnamed Footbridge Civic Society website (www.bristolcivicsociety.org.uk/news)..Of course, when (or if) the proposed new Finzel’s Reach bridge is 7.Bath Bridge11.St. PhillipsNortheast Causeway Bridge12.Marsh West19.Totterdown/Albert Bridge23.Temple Bridge Road24.Unnamed Bridge footbridge31.Pooles35.Avon Wharf Bridge Bridge36.Unnamed Footbridge 43.Clifton Suspension Bridge built, an entirely new solution will have to5.Bedminster be found - so dont Bridge leave it West 17.Feeder Canal Footbridge 29.Prince Street Bridge 41.Unnamed foorbridge 8.Unnamed12.Marsh railway Bridge and footbridge16.Netham 20.Langdon Lock24.Unnamed Bridge St/Banana footbridgeWest Bridge 32.Cumberland27.to36.Unnamed Redcliffe BasinFootbridge Bridge Bridge North 38.Plimsoll (swing) Bridge too long! And who knows, you may be inspired to become an 42.Avonmouth Bridge 6,Bath Bridge Southwest 9.Sparke Evans Park18.Avon Susp. St Bridge Bridge17.Feeder 21.Meads Canal ReachFootbridge 30.toBridge Pero's Bridge33.Cumberland28.Bathurst Basin Basin Footbridge Bridge South 39.Trym Cross Road Bridge Of course, when (or if) the proposed newexpert Finzel’s in network Reach theory!bridge is 43.Clifton Suspension Bridge 7.Bath Bridge Northeast 10.St. Phillips Causeway19.Totterdown/Albert Bridge East18.Avon 22.Valentine'sRoad St Bridge Bridge Bridge31.Pooles Wharf Bridge34.Ashton29.Prince RoadStreet Bridge Bridge 40.Portway Bridge built, an entirely new solution will have to be found - so dont leave it 8.Unnamed railway and footbridge 20.Langdon St/Banana Bridge 32.Cumberland Basin Bridge North too long! And who knows, you may be inspired to become an 11.St. Phillips Causeway Bridge West19.Totterdown/Albert23.Temple Bridge Road Bridge 35.Avon30.to Pero's Bridge Bridge 41.Unnamed foorbridge 9.Sparke Evans Park Susp. 12.Marsh Bridge Bridge21.Meads Reach Bridge24.Unnamed footbridge33.Cumberland Basin36.Unnamed Bridge South Footbridge expert in network theory! 20.Langdon St/Banana Bridge 31.Pooles Wharf Bridge 42.Avonmouth Bridge 10.St. Phillips Causeway Bridge East 22.Valentine's Bridge 34.Ashton Road Bridge 11.St. Phillips Causeway Bridge West 23.Temple Bridge21.Meads Reach Bridge35.Avon Bridge 32.Cumberland Basin Bridge North 43.Clifton Suspension Bridge 12.Marsh Bridge 24.Unnamed footbridge22.Valentine's Bridge 36.Unnamed Footbridge33.Cumberland Basin Bridge South FEATURE OFF THE BEATEN TRACK... 12 BRISTOL’S UNKNOWN GEMS

The oldest church in Bristol, indeed, one of the oldest buildings in Bristol, was in danger of falling down, ignored and unappreciated, until a small group of volunteers – and a large dollop of lottery money – brought it back to life again. Eugene Byrne reports.

St James Priory Church next door to the city’s main bus Th e congregation declined and the Church of England station is, famously, the oldest building in Bristol still in declared the church redundant in 1984. And there it stood, use. Th e Priory was founded in the 1120s by Robert, Earl of one of the very few relics of ancient Bristol in an area almost Gloucester, a capable soldier, administrator, bastard son of King completely covered in new developments. Th e fabric of the Henry I and the Norman thug who ran this town. building started to deteriorate.

Pious Earl Robert (whose tomb is in the Church), supposedly Since then, though, St James has had a remarkable turnaround decreed that every tenth stone shipped in from Normandy for in its fortunes, thanks to a great deal of hard work by a small Bristol Castle should be donated to the building of the church. and devoted team of volunteers.

Th e Benedictine Priory would also become the site of a famous In the early 1990s, a group of Catholic Monks, the Little annual fair which lasted until the 1830s. Brothers of Nazareth, arrived in Bristol to work with people with drug and alcohol addictions, and aft er a while they were Following the Reformation and the Dissolution of the seeking a permanent home. And so the (Anglican) Diocese of Monasteries, it became an Anglican parish church, and by the Bristol ended up leasing the building to the (Catholic) monks. 19th century it was the heart of a densely-populated working Looking aft er the church building was a condition of the lease. class neighbourhood. Sue Jotcham, a former schoolteacher who volunteered to help Th e church escaped serious damage in the Blitz, but the the Little Brothers out, explains: “It was in a horrendous postwar plans for the area favoured roads, shops and offi ces. condition. I was fundraising all the time to try and keep OFF THE BEATEN TRACK... FEATURE BRISTOL’S UNKNOWN GEMS 13

it watertight.” renting out meeting rooms, plus the occasional wedding.

Th e only way forward was to apply for Heritage Lottery money. Th e church is also fi nding a new role; a lot of people drop in for Th ey were helped out by building surveyor Rob Harding, who quiet prayer or contemplation. arrived as a volunteer project manager and has been with St James ever since. “We have a book in the back of the church for people to write in requests, or just to say how they’re feeling. Just from that “English Heritage said that it would be no good just repairing book you can see how important the building is to the people the roof,” he says. “You would have to work out how you would of Bristol,” says Sue. use the building, how to make it sustainable and how to make some income to pay for running repairs and maintenance. “Oft en people will come in aft er visiting the hospital. Maybe Otherwise you’re just going to carry on patching and making do they’ve just had bad news, or they have someone in there.” and mending.” “We ourselves are Catholic, but it’s open to all faiths and none. Th e application was successful, and £4.2 million and a huge We get a lot of people say ‘I don’t believe in God, I don’t believe amount of work later, the church was secured, and boasted a in anything, but I just love this building and fi nd more peace new café, toilets, disabled facilities, historical interpretation here than any other place on earth.” panels and more besides. • To fi nd out more, or to become one of St James’s much Th e café, run by volunteers, brings in a little revenue, as does needed volunteers, see www.stjamesprioryproject.org.uk Trees of Bristol – a sort of book

FEATURE review by Clive Stevens,

14 Chair of Bristol Tree Forum

It’s getting to that time of year again: Christmas decorations will soon be in shop windows, book your turkey now. Harbingers of winter seem to arrive earlier every year, perhaps as a result of climate change? And there are the early bird shoppers who have bought all their presents before harvest festival.

But not me. I am an inveterate December 24 shopper. It is the atmosphere I seek, meeting like-minded people, sometimes friends to chat to in coffee shops and then go, unable to procrastinate in the excitement knowing the shops will shut by 4. It’s the fact I am forced to make a decision.

Whether you are an early or a late shopper, one present I can recommend this year is this “twin tub” of a book, a Bogof, entitled Trees of Bristol. There are the majestic tree photos by Frank Drake which will bring a sprinkle of Spring, greenery and sunshine to the recipient during the dim days of Bristol TreeForum – born from conflict - by Clive Stevens, Chair Bristol TreeForum January. Then there are the poetic prose and some poems by Tony D’Arpino. It’s not poetry as I was taught, but better. The EU and the United Nations Seven years on and the scene I recognise his exquisite word selection were created following war to is unrecognisable. Like the EU of words and rhythms. keep the peace, and so too was and UN, we have moved on. the Bristol TreeForum (BTF). Sure there are still skirmishes The creation of the BTF ena- but communication and trust bled resolution of the Bristol mean we can advance. And So two books in one: it cleans during the Stump War of 2007/08. That moving forward we are, here day and spins you at night. And then you was fought mainly in Clifton are some of the achievements can use it to plan your own tree walk for a and Redland, the protagonists we have contributed towards: weekend in late May or June, most if not being the residents versus the all the locations are publicly accessible. Council. The cause was the -Tree mitigation and latter’s new tree management planting standards built into policies. The BTF enabled local planning law which Ideal for those last-minute Christmas dialogue and mutual under- probably save some two to shoppers like me. The thought of buying standing between the aggrieved three hundred trees annually, a few copies will relieve my pre-shopping parties rather than the cycle and if they are felled, getting of chainsaw and subsequent more planted. stress levels this year; in fact I might order retaliation of critical article and them right now. photos of sobbing children in -An understanding by the the then Bristol Evening Post. Council, Councillors and the Councillor Anthony Negus seeks

support for tree planting FEATURE

15 The first new tree sponsored by a business in Bristol is putting down its roots. It was arranged by Anthony Ne- gus, the Liberal Democrat councillor for Cotham ward who is a local tree cham- pion on behalf of the Bristol Tree Forum (BTF). It has replaced the stump outside HSBC in Whiteladies Road, who spon- sored it.

The manager was supportive and, with the help of Clive Stevens and Bristol City Council’s tree officers, Anthony put to- gether an offer package, which included a sponsorship plaque.

With the mayor’s emphasis on schools- based tree planting, we must find new initiatives for replacing street trees. There are 900 stumps today in the city – which should be our first target. Each costs £330 to replace and maintain for three years. Businesses might see this as an opportu- nity to show their commitment to their area. RCAS and some Neighbourhood Partnerships sponsor trees; other groups and streets could raise funds, too. Antho- ny is working up further proposals that Bristol TreeForum – born from conflict - by Clive Stevens, Chair Bristol TreeForum would enable people to sponsor memorial trees, alternatives to park benches, with a Mayor about how important requirements they weren’t,with similar dedication plaque. trees are in any urban hindsight,sustainable. So our environment, not just their programme will be slower, use BTF needs your support to replace more looks but also for public health latest root deflection and other trees, particularly during our European and flood reduction benefits. technology and continue year Green Capital year in 2015. New street after year after year. This plant- trees are selected to fit better with all the - A discussion forum for ing program is what we will be other demands of urban life. Street and people to bring their ideas to launching towards the end of garden trees define our urban spaces, like-minded people who can Green Capital 2015, with a fund regulate pollution and are vital to main- help or provide advice. raising charity to bring in money taining our environmental balance – and to make Bristol the greenest city our well-being. But replacement is not - A replanting programme for and fit for its future inhabitants. parks, streets and other If you would like to contribute or enough. In the face of climate change, public spaces. get involved even then contact Bristol needs to increase its poor overall us at bristoltreeforum@gmail. tree cover. The BTF have been able to com and see learn from past Civic www.bristoltreeforum.org.uk Find out more about how you could help at: Society programs of tree www.euronova.co.uk/BristolTreeForum.htm planting, that with 21st century legal, insurance and cost Old Quarters connectivity. At this final stage Christmas Steps is competing against the likes of St Pancras Station and Bishop Square in London. A bit of a David against Goliath situation. Appar- FEATURE We discuss with Eva Stuetzenberger of ently the judges were impressed; the decision will be made in Destination Bristol what is going on in the 16 November. city’s older quarters Park Street Old City One of Bristol’s busiest streets perhaps suffers from being The Walled City Map, which the society helped produce was ‘on-the-way’ between the uphill Clifton and the university launched in early April.It is accompanied by a set of postcards quarter and the downhill shopping centres of Broadmead and printed on a vintage Heidelberg printing press, each promoting Cabot Circus and the O2 Academy. This means its many a business or venue in the Old City.The project aims to re-estab- historic features, fine independent shops and cultural lish the Old City as Bristol’s birthplace and medieval heart, with attractions are often overlooked. the Trader’s Forum bringing it back to life. A recent programme of spectacular and innovative events, organised by the Park Street Traders’ & Business Forum, has brought Park Street back as one of Bristol’s main destinations. These efforts have been rewarded with Park Street being shortlisted for the Great British High Street Awards 2014.

A major attraction on Park Street is St Georges Hall, which has launched an ambitious programme designed to attract people from all walks of life. No longer just classical music, the The new gallery Centrespace has staged programme includes talks, daytime and family events, jazz, folk a number of successful events and and popular music that should appeal to all tastes. exhibitions this summer. Well worth searching for down one of Bristol’s nar- Old Market rowest and most historic, but least well- The area is Bristol’s frontrunner to develop an ambitious known streets, Leonards Lane, right Neighbourhood Development Plan that is expected to go to along the route of the old city wall. referendum in spring 2015. There has also been a closing order submitted for its little-used subway, to create a less isolating crossing into the area. This will be matched by improved facilities for pedestrians and cyclists Christmas Steps Quarter across the roundabout that will improve the connectivity Christmas Steps and the surrounding area are making a name between Old Market and the city. as havens for the unique independent artisan traders that have The Trinity Arts Centre is attracting new audiences now that its been driven out of many High streets. Boasting around 120 arts refurbishment, with the upstairs performance space is complete. based businesses, it is a Mecca for the musician alone, with 3 string instruments dealers, a woodwind and brass dealer and Stokes Croft Bristol’s biggest retail collection of printed sheet music. A year ago Knightstone Housing were made the preferred September 4th saw the Quarter polished and painted as never developer for the Westmoreland House/Carriageworks sites. before for the visit by the assessors of the Prestigious Great We had high hopes that this 27 years long eyesore was finally Place Award from the Academy of Urbanism, looking at the over. Now an outsider, Fifth Capital, has entered the game and history, character, community, commercial success and the whole business is blown wide open again.

Public Spaces The Bearpit

The society has been closely involved with the project to make this corner of the city a ‘Better Bristol’. Since April, works have been under way that will change the feel of the space. A new paved surface is being laid. There will be some changes to the layout of the raised areas, new lighting, and there will be steps down into the space from a new walkway/cycleway round the edge at road level. The ramps and subways will be re- tained. The plan shows the traders’ kiosks and stalls. When finished it will be a lively mini-market. A vintage Bristol Bus has been lowered into place to serve as a cafe. It had been hoped that it would all be complete by the summer, but the programme has slipped badly. Bristol City Council Cycling Strategy Pedalling into the future Bristol’s first comprehensive strategy to encourage more people to cycle Daniel Kimberley reviews was published in July. The ambition framework sets out how cycling can be made a simpler, FEATURE current plans for cycling safer and more attractive option for anyone whatever their age or cycling experience. Currently, the number of cycling commuter trips has 17 doubled, and cycle journeys now make up eight per cent of journeys to Bristol currently has a sporadic and inconsistent cycle network, work. The strategy sets out a commitment to increase this to 20 per cent like most British cities. Saved by the Bristol and Bath Railway Path, by 2020. it has been heralded as the nations most cycle-friendly city. This thriving cycling culture has allowed people to think that Bristol is The new strategy addresses the challenges and barriers that keep peo- ple off their bikes or not confident enough to try cycle journeys in the safe for cycling, when the reality of locals’ experience is somewhat first place. Future investment will be targeted to deliver a safe cycle net- different. work across the city, with £16 per head of population per year promised to deliver cycling improvements 2014 has proven to be significant in the future of the city’s cycling infrastructure, if mainly on paper. The council released a draft cycle strategy for public consultation in July. The document out- lines a vision for the future of cycling in the city with an emphasis on safety and simplification to make cycling more attractive than driving.

The strategy proposes an on and off road cycle network across the city that would link major suburbs with the city centre,and be suitable for anyone between the ages of 8-80. They identify that a perceived lack of safety is stopping a large demographic from getting on abicycle. The strategy describes itself as ‘bold’. Some of it, the key parts will be deliverd by 2015-16.

Cycling strategy aside, a number of large-scale projects are taking shape before our very eyes. A walkway/cycleway round the St James Barton Roundabout will provide a segregated route for inbound cyclists." The east end of Baldwin Street is being transformed with the installation of a segregated Dutch-style cycle lane following long-standing safety concerns about the Queen Charlotte St junction.

The Bristol Promenades Project is also underwayto create a cycleway between Ashton Court and Keynsham along the Avon; part of it is currently under construction on Clarence Road. The What the Civic Society thought project promises a number of new pedestrian/cyclist bridges Bristol Civic Society welcomes the draft cycling strategy document and agrees across the New Cut, one to provide more capacity, one completely with much of the high-level aims, but thinks that significantly more work is new where there was none linking the two halves of the city with needed to make it a robust strategy. schools and key employment areas. -Whilst the strategy is valuable as a public visionary commitment, we think that the description of how it will be achieved could be more convincing. The With so much going on, how do all of these projects relate in terms network map is useful as a target, but the strategy does not articulate the size of simplifying cycling and creating a seamless network? Though of the task of achieving it, nor show a gap analysis versus what already exists. both incomplete, the Dutch-style cycle lane on Baldwin Street Nor does the strategy estimate the likely extent of 8-80 network that could be differs in design from that at College Green, whilst the Clarence delivered in a particular timescale. Road cycle lane ends abruptly at the busy Bedminster Bridge Roundabout. Cyclists are, if anything, looking for a consistent and - It is not clear whether the 8 to 80 aim includes the aim to provide segregated continuous infrastructure. cycling lanes across all of the target network. If not, what is the extent of the target network of segregated cycle lanes, or how will it be determined whether a Creating a secure environment for cyclists doesn’t come without segregated cycling lane is needed? curbing the traffic. The 20mph speed limit imposed across the city has been a positive move towards quieter streets, but it would be -cycling strategy needs to be integrated with (a) public realm -improvement (b) more effective if respected by all drivers. The controversial resident pedestrian provision. parking scheme has put a stop to commuter parking in parts of the city, but has been delayed in some of the most congested areas due -the strategy should include an aim of improving the facilities at the start and to protests from local businesses. end of journeys. - in the 8-to-80 infrastructure proposals there is an emphasis on routes to With such a centralised government,it’s not easy for a city like employment areas, but what about routes to schools, given that one of the strat- Bristol to move forward if not led by Westminster. Cycling has egy's targets is 20% of children cycling to secondary school ? Also retail centres, been a success in cities like Amsterdam and Copenhagenbecause and community, health, cultural, and leisure destinations. cyclists,along with pedestrians, have been given priority over the car. It seems that the bicycle is in the right place at the right time, in (This is a summary of the full response by Alan Morris which can be seen on Bristol, and slowly it could become Britain’s first two-wheeled city. the website) Visions : Green Gateways and the Living BCS NEWS

18 City seek ideas to reinterpret Bristol Jon Watkins of RIBA South West reports

In June 2014, two projects explored ideas to transform Architects (RIBA) to improve major entry points to the the approaches to the city as it moves towards its year as city. Ten final year students on the UWE BA (Hons) European Green Capital 2015. Architecture and Planning course drafted proposals Green Gateways is an ideas project from Bristol in Bloom, for sites as part of a ‘live brief’ that formed part of their the Green Capital Partnership, the University of West of Agency Project degree work. Some interesting ideas England (UWE), and the Royal Institute of British have emerged.

Julian Hong and Emily Danaford came up with a stunning way to transform the drab concrete and iron pedestrian overpass at Old Market.

Dudley Jones and Benjamin Williams focused on the Hot- on re-imagining the M32 Corridor and the Temple wells Road traffic Island with a sculpture that combines Quarter Enterprise Zone in Bristol with a free and the heritage of the docks and the railway with a planting unlimited brief to stimulate creative thinking. scheme that was sustainable. David Rhodes and Chris Wilson of Bristol-based Origin3 Amy Dias and Anna-Maria Hinis proposed a sculpture Studio looked at the M32 Corridor and innovative ideas leading the viewer’s eye to the Grade 2 Listed Three to create a cycle route over the route of the culvert, Lamps using timber and steel to create a sweep of posts of greening over the motorway, a rapid transit route, and the different heights, recollecting the suspension bridge. Big Blue – a multi-story park and ride, residential, hotel The Living City Challenge – focused teams of architects and commercial city in the sky.

Bristol architect Wolfgang Kuchler looked at creating a ‘Garden City’ starting at the Temple Quarter En- terprise Zone and includ- ing the Hanging Gardens of Bristol in the disused sorting office adjacent to Temple Meads station.

We do not have space for fuller coverage of these ideas, which can be seen at www.architecture.com/livingcitychallenge Please contact Jon Watkins, Regional Director of the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) South West region. RIBA South West covers the South West of England, and is based at Paintworks within the Temple Quarter Enterprise Zone. Many of the events and activities locally are being co-ordinated by Bristol 2014, an initiative led by the Bristol Cultural Development Partnership. It has a huge programme of talks, events, publications as well as a BCS NEWS sponsored art programme. 19 Bristol 2014 will be bringing out a book about Bristol’s part in the war this autumn as Bristol’s great Reading Adventure for 2014.

It has already published a free guide to researching Bristolian ancestors in WW1, as well as an interactive map and (free) smartphone app telling over 100 stories from the war at various locations around the city. Eugene Byrne looks at how (These both were researched and compiled by your Bristol is marking the centenary correspondent, but don’t let that put you off.) of the First World War This latter includes some quite startling tales which highlight how little we know about Bristol’s part in WW1. There’s a possible attempt by enemy agents to introduce bubonic plague to Bristol; the legend of the man who The 100th anniversary of the outbreak of the First World hid in the attic to escape conscription, and ended up War has generated numerous TV documentaries and staying there for the rest of his life and the tragic tale of dramas, newspaper and magazine articles, books and the U-Boat which became a huge visitor attraction in the commemorative events. While World War One Fatigue city shortly after the war ended, without people knowing may eventually set in among the public (“it’ll be over by it had been responsible for the deaths of 100 Bristolians in Christmas”) there’s no sign of interest flagging at the time one of the worst war crimes of the era. of writing. Andrew Kelly, director of Bristol 2014 told Better Bristol: As editor of the Post’s ‘Bristol Times’ local history “We should remember the First World War for its impact section (every Tuesday – place a regular order with your internationally, on Bristol and over many decades. We newsagent now, folks) I’ve discovered that many readers should mark the bravery of those that fought and those are very keen to share their family stories of the War. that refused to fight. We’re delighted that Bristol has the largest programme in the UK marking the centenary in Perhaps we’re so interested in it because we’re starting to 2014 and look forward to many debates and discussions, realise how little we know about it, and how clichéd exhibitions, arts projects, our free book and more.” images of mud, trenches and slaughter are a caricature. For more, and free downloads, see: At a safer distance from the pain and loss, we can re-dis- www.bristol2014.com cover it, coming to both the big history and to the legends within our own families, as though it’s all completely new. # Eugene Byrne is co-author with Clive Burlton of If you have any interest in history, then to explore the ‘Bravo,Bristol! The City at War 1914-1918’, published by part that your family or your home town played in the Redcliffe Press, price £15. Great War is to open up a huge cabinet filled with fascinating things.

Bristol and Bristolians have taken up the commemora- tions with a great deal of enthusiasm (if that’s the right word). The Cathedral, for instance, is remembering one casualty from the diocese every month from now un- til November 2018. M Shed, meanwhile, is putting on ‘Moved by Conflict’, a special exhibition looking not just at WW1, but also at the ways in which people have been shifted and displaced by the wars of the 20th century. There have been exhibitions at the Royal west of England Academy (including a retrospective of the works of John and Paul Nash), while St George’s ‘The World Changed’ looks at the impact of the war on music. Securing new life for key vacant sites

BCS NEWS and buildings – Simon Birch reports 20

Even in a relatively prosperous city like Bristol, there are certain the future life of this important building. sites and buildings which lie empty for years and years. Of course a certain level of vacancy is natural and is part of the • In Stokes Croft the long-running saga of Westmoreland natural scheme of things, but usually development does then House and the Carriage Works has attracted widespread take place within a reasonable period of time. But some sites comment, community consultation and community do seem to get stuck and give rise to concern by local residents, outrage. Just now there are two possible redevelopment planners and, if protected, by English Heritage. possibilities, both involving the restoration and reuse of the Grade II*-listed Carriage Works. There is no clear timescale Why does this matter? With listed buildings there is legislation for the resolution of the future of this very prominent site. designed to ensure that these important sites are maintained and looked after. It does seem amazing that such buildings are On Purdown, the World War II anti-aircraft gun sites are not all in use or at least being restored. Scheduled Ancient Monuments but their condition is gradually deteriorating and there may be a need for much more positive In all cases there is the issue of a wasted resource – a site or and active management. building which could be put to active use. With increased pres- sure on greenfield sites there is even more need to make maxi- Elsewhere good progress has been made with the restoration of mum use of brownfield resources. This is particularly relevant Holy Trinity Church, Trinity Road by Trinity Community Arts. in the coming year with Bristol as the European Green Capital, Grade II*-listed, Bristol City Council has granted a 35-year one objective of which must surely be making sustainable use of lease enabling a significant grant from the lottery together with the city’s resources. grant aid from English Heritage.

There are three important examples of listed buildings at risk At Ashton Court the Lower Lodge (Grade II*-listed) is being in Bristol: restored by the Bristol Buildings Trust and in Clifton Down Road the imposing Mortimer House, a mid-18th century • In Portland Square, originally laid out over 200 years ago, Palladian suburban villa, is nearing the end of a lengthy many of the buildings have already been restored or plans restoration process. are in place for imminent works. The exception lies in the north west corner where there is a gap, caused initially Bristol’s Harbourside has a very central vacant site – in between by war-time bombing and then reinforced by decades of the Arnolfini and the Architecture Centre – very neatly fenced neglect culminating in the collapse of part of the remain- ing façade (Grade I-listed) in a fierce storm about 10 years ago, fortunately without loss of life. The local community – represented by the Portland & Brunswick Association – is naturally very keen to encourage the sympathetic redevel- opment of this site, to bring activity onto the square, and to work with the site owners to achieve a mutually acceptable solution.

• At the bottom of St Michael’s Hill stands the rather wonderfully named St Michael the Archangel on the PORTLAND SQUARE, Mount Without. Rather less wonderfully this church “70 years since the bombs fell, yet this bomb site remains! has been boarded up for more than 17 years and is now festooned with ivy and overshadowed by trees. Inadequate levels of maintenance have led to water ingress and damage to the fabric. Rebuilt in 1775-77 in a Gothic style but retaining a mid-15th century tower, St Michaels is Grade II*-listed. The Diocese still owns the church and a number of possible new uses have been considered over the years, including as an addition to the adjacent school and as a running shop. Currently the City Church (based in the Elmgrove Centre) is drawing up ambitious plans which will require Heritage Lottery Funding for implementation. Local groups – the Christmas Steps Arts Quarter and the Kingsdown Conservation Group - are taking a close inter- NARROW QUAY On what must be one of Bristol’s photogenic sites, near the est and are keen to see community activities play a part in Arnolfini,this wilderness cries out to be used properly” UNLISTED BUILDINGS OF MERIT Ebenezer Chapel BCS REVIEW

21 Despite concerted efforts to save the building, one stay of execution while new uses were sought, and the involvement of councillors, it finally succumbed to the demolition gang in July.

Gone This demonstrates the vulnerability of many PRINCE ST of Bristol’s older and “What must be an extremely valuable site remains boarded historical buildings. The up and abandoned fact is that -as the mayor points out- any build- ing or structure that is off and by no stretch of the imagination an eyesore. But surely not a World Heritage this site could contribute so much more to the vibrant Site, Scheduled Monu- Harbourside life? And to the owner’s bank account? ment, Listed Building, Ownership issues apparently hinder positive progress here. Protected Wreck Site, Registered Park or Garden, Registered Battlefield or Conserva- Nearby the boarded up church on the corner of Royal Oak tion Area can legally be demolished under a Prior Notification Avenue and Prince Street is not listed but surely represents a of Proposed Demolition. Under current national legislation valuable opportunity for much more positive use? demolition is not classed as ‘development’ – so planning permission is not needed. What can the Bristol Civic Society do in these circumstances? It seems to me that we have a number of potential roles: The City Archaeologist reported in BB02 that a Local List could help preserve the city’s heritage. BCC was “looking to create” a • We can raise the profile of neglected buildings, working Local List of non-designated buildings worthy of preservation. collaboratively with local community groups wherever “Using guidance from English Heritage, criteria will soon be possible. published.” Little seems to have happened in effect.

• We can highlight opportunities, possibly by drawing up illustrative proposals to demonstrate potential, much as we Bristol architect, David Martyn demands that did for the possible future of Castle Park in the last edition of the possible future of Castle Park in the last edition of more can and should be done Better Bristol. The truth about conservation in Bristol is that it lags far behind • We can challenge wherever there is slow (or lack of) pro- many other cities in terms of heritage protection, and as the gress. We might contact owners directly and see if there are economy reheats the pressure is firmly on buildings that do obstacles hindering progress where an independent organi- not presently enjoy either state protection, courtesy of English sation such as the Society might have a useful and positive Heritage, or lie within Conservation Areas. role to play. Bristol lacks the additional level of protection for its historic • We can use our Environmental Awards scheme to celebrate buildings that local listing provides. Bath and North East and publicise completed projects. Somerset has it, Gloucestershire has it, South Gloucestershire has it, dozens of authorities across the South West also have it. Better Bristol. The process works well and nationally it has saved many historic buildings from demolition. So why don’t we? • We can challenge wherever there is slow (or lack of) progress. We might contact owners directly and see if there When national planning policies changed in 2012 to the are obstacles hindering progress where an independent National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF), English Heritage organisation such as the Society might have a useful and recognised the importance and need to protect heritage build- positive role to play. ings valued by communities, but which fell outside national criteria for Listed Buildings. They introduced new guidance for • We can use our Environmental Awards scheme to celebrate local authorities encouraging the establishment of “Local Lists” and publicise completed projects. of significant buildings, and enabled legislation that councils could use to protect them. About half of England’s local councils have these Local Lists and English Heritage 2014 Bristol Civic Society helpfully states that authorities are “also obliged to consider the positive contribution that conserving such heritage assets BCS NEWS can make to sustainable communities including their Student Award economic vitality”. 22 While local listing provides no additional planning controls, – Simon Birch reports the fact that a building or site is on a Local List means that its conservation as a “heritage asset” becomes an objective of the NPPF, and a “relevant consideration” in the planning processes.

The addition of buildings to the Local List should be straightforward. A council officer adds a building to the list by assessing it against a few simple published criteria and Each year the Bristol Civic Society gives an award to a declaring it as an asset if those criteria are sufficiently met. UWE student whose end-of-year design project stands Once recognised in this fashion, existing planning law can be out in terms of its imagination, technical mastery and engaged to ensure alterations and demolition are considered sheer imagination. The aim is to encourage students to and controlled through the usual processes. produce projects which, if implemented, would contribute significantly to their environment. It is surprising how many buildings are completely unpro- tected: many significant structures, dozens of fascinating and This year the project brief centred on a real-life develop- ornate pubs and schools, chapels and churches, across the city, many of which have closed in recent years and with owners ment site on the riverside in Bath and called for a “civic- keen to realise the potential and property value of their sites. minded proposal focusing on the repair of this piece of But these are just a very few of the forgotten fragments of our the city’s fabric through the careful insertion of an appro- past that make Bristol such a rich and beautiful city to live in. priate masterplan, buildings and well-considered public space”. Efforts have been made to begin a Local List but progress has stalled. The council’s own Know Your Place website has been Wendy Pollard and I constituted the Society “panel” and inviting nominations for the Local List from the public since enjoyed a wonderful few hours assessing the wide range early last year. The list continues to expand, but nominated of projects and meeting many of the students and their buildings are already being lost, damaged, and demolished tutors. before they have even been considered for inclusion.

Ironically there isn’t really any need for a list. Maintaining a Tutors highlighted nine projects, all fascinating and all Local List is not obligatory, but just one weapon in a small very different in their approach and content. We found it arsenal local authorities now have under NPPF and localism most challenging to compare a “deconstructed pub and legislation. There is allowance for a simple mechanism whereby brewery” with a “pool tower” (possibly the most beauti- a council officer can define and declare a building as a Heritage ful project in terms of its drawings and modelling) and Asset, allowing it to receive the same protection. This officer- with designs for a “Bath power station”, also very powerful led approach is the case for the majority of local authorities, and well thought out but not quite what a Bath riverside regardless of whether they maintain a formal list needs. For whatever reason, different priorities, lack of resources, or just disinterest, Bristol City Council seems unable to protect One project stood out and bowled us over. “A Place of Bristol’s historic buildings in the way that English Heritage and Being” by Marlon Wessel was absolutely brilliant, packed central government intended. There are clearly holes in the full of philosophical thought, exquisite detail, technical legislation, but some creative engagement with building owners aspects and sheer imagination. From circular towers, or and the community could save buildings where the law falls were they life-sized prayer wheels, on the boundaries of short. Our extended family of historic buildings is threatened the site to timber-framed halls in the centre, the wealth of and that threat is growing daily. To lose a family member is at invention and intensity was breathtaking. best upsetting, but to lose one needlessly and as violently as Bristol lost Ebenezer Chapel is especially painful We were informed that the actual model was created by means of computer machine cutting so this was imagina- This article is a shortened version of one that appeared in Bristol 24/7. We are grateful to the author and to Chris Brown tion linked very firmly with technological expertise. What of 24/7 for permission to reproduce it here. a wonderful addition to the city this design would deliver.

It was no surprise to learn that Marlon – from the UWE Architectural and Environmental Engineering Graduating Studio - was next travelling to Papua New Guinea to learn about bamboo construction techniques. No ordinary ap- prenticeship for this outstanding student. Marlon Wessel explains to Better Bristol

the thinking behind his project BCS NEWS 23

The brief was simple: design a civic space dedicated to the the highest point of the landscape. performance of art, one that would carefully consider the environment and provide an answer to what the city of a Lastly, seven further places were embedded, spread around Bath really is. This included a large space occupying at least the space like caves. These places would be workshops, 800 people and a smaller space for 200 people. allowing for a place to both work and think.

The site - an unattractive car park - stretches along the river Avon, opposite the Dyson compound and next to the Bath The end result is hopefully a place that makes us notice College of Art. Its location suggested a need for a new bridge our presence in the world around us, a place that that would connect people's homes with their work in the celebrates being. city, diverting them through the site.

The place therefore had the potential to be a new public pathway, a tourist attraction and a social platform - but the task proved to become more difficult as I started to analyse the city itself.

At first glance, Bath seemed to be a perfect oasis of classical architecture. Everything seemed to belong together, everything appeared to be what it was meant to be, and Bath did not seem to lack anything... including performance spaces.

But on reflection Bath appeared to be no more as a faÁade of a city, a postcard city, a city as if painted in the 17th century and left unchanged, a city unable to adapt.

What was needed was a place of being. The basic shape and appearance of the main buildings on the site had to be universal, indefinable and obvious at the same time. They had to be pitched roof, completely white and without any openings such that it would be impossible to know what was inside. However, it had be obvious that shelter was provided for something.

A new pedestrian bridge would have to be built, which by its very existence would create the riverbanks, defining the place, however it would be left unfinished.

It would be cast from iron and stretch from both sides of the river, reaching towards one another but leaving a small gap in between. Someone who would use the bridge every day to go to work, instead of being caught up in thoughts about work would be forced to take a minute and focus, carefully stepping over the gap in the bridge and maybe therefore noticing its spiritual and intellectual significance.

The landscape of the site became an abstraction of a forest path, a mountain walk, in which the building sat like mountain huts or hunting lodges. Meanwhile, the site would occupy four estates evolving around music. On one end a music school, in the centre a concert hall, while a record store was situated at the other end, and a jazz bar found on BCS ENVIRONMENTAL AWARDS This year we have selected just four awards, the lowest number since the BCS NEWS scheme started 15 years ago. It reflects the low level of building activity. But 24 there has been no compromise on quality; these are four very worthy winners

Junction 3, next to M32, Easton, Bristol This project provides 59 homes, all affordable or in shared ownership, seven units for business start-ups, a learning centre and a new library to replace the old Trinity Road site. A partnership between Bristol City Council, Knightstone Housing Asso- ciation and the Big Lottery Commu- nity Libraries Fund, the £10million project regenerates a problem derelict site. The unusual and striking design, with its light and airy interiors, uses some innovatory building techniques and scores highly on sustainability. Architects: GCP Builders: Leadbitter

Student Castle. Pro-Cathdral, Clifton The Bristol Pro Cathedral project – which was implemented by Student Castle Ltd – comprises the construction of a brand new building and the part-refurbishment of the existing Grade II* Listed cathedral. The new development includes 220 student units – split across the Cathedral and the new Annexe – all boasting a range of modern fixtures and fittings, and accommodation to the highest standards.

The unique transformation of the Cathedral into a landmark de- velopment presented designers with a number of challenges: rock anchoring on an unstable hillside, the installation of three new floors into the historic fabric and the creation of new build ele- ments. These are distinctly modern, yet harmonize with the period environment, using a mixture of modern materials and extensive use of green oak. Architects: Morgan Hayman, Cardiff Structural Engineers: Mann Williams

Imperial Tobacco H.Q. Winterstoke Road A striking modern office building and one of the few to be com- pleted in the year. Among the features is a mosaic showing 160+ countries where the company is active, and a grey water recycling system. Architects: Atkins Walter and Webster

ZION Bedminster Down A chapel built in 1891 and now converted into a very successful social centre owned and run by Jessica Wright as a 'not for profit' social enterprise providing an attractive range of activities. The cafe is open weekdays 9.30 – 4pm, and the space is available for arts and events. www.zionbristol.co.uk

These Awards will be presented at ZION, Bedminster Down, on Monday November 3rd at 11am The ceremony will be attended by representatives of the winners & BCS and will be led by our Chairman with interviews by Keith Warmington - ex BBC Radio Bristol

Members are of course also very welcome - please email, Charles Fox to finalise: [email protected] BCS ENVIRONMENTAL AWARDS PLANNING APPLICATIONS GROUP (PAG) BCS NEWS

SPRING & SUMMER 2014 - John Payne reports 25 Over the course of the Spring and Summer the Bristol Civic Society’s Planning Applications Group (PAG) has campaigned against excessive increases in residential density, threats to listed buildings and intrusive advertising. Our comments are submitted every three weeks to Bristol City Council’s planning officers who refer to them in their reports recommending permission or refusal of development. PAG also makes representations to planning committee meetings and planning appeal inquiries when it is appropriate. The cases set out below give a flavour of some of the recent campaigns.

BUILT DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS

47 Wellington Hill West Repair of Gatehouse at Ashton Park Secondary School It has been particularly rewarding to work with local residents PAG strongly supported the commendable repair and restoration and ward Councillors to campaign against the conversion of an work proposed for this grade II-listed building. inter-war terraced house in this part of Henleaze into a House in Multiple Occupation resulting in what was, in the Society’s opin- ADVERTISING AND BRANDING PROPOSALS ion, a hugely over-intensive use of the site which also would have resulted in over-looking of neighbours’ properties and harm to Hillhouse and Artichoke Pub Site, Lewins Mead their quality of life. PAG has appeared with other parties twice at There was a particularly outrageous proposal for internally illumi- Planning Committee with success to persuade councillors to over- nated hotel and burger café signage and branding for the proposed turn recommendations for permission for the development. Twice building on this site. It is a prominent and sensitive site close to the the applicant has appealed and PAG has re-iterated its concerns to open space between St James Church and Lewins Mead/Haymar- the subsequent inquiries but the inspector, in both cases, dismissed ket. The array included a 1.7m wide hotel sign extending from 13m the appeals. to 20m above pavement level, unnecessarily large and high for the purposes of finding a hotel. Perhaps the final straw was an inter- 10 Portland Square nally illuminated cow facing Lewins Mead. PAG objected strongly An application for the construction of a residential extension in to the proposals because of the harmful impact they would have, the rear garden of this property has been made plus converting particularly on the peace and tranquillity of the open space. The lat- the offices in the main building to five flats. PAG had no objection est position is that the application has been withdrawn. in principle to the change of use but did object to this application. The design of the extension, in terms of its appearance and scale, Colston Tower would be harmful to this grade I-listed building and to its setting. A proposal for a large LED screen advertisement, 12m by 3.6m was If approved, the development would use the site over-intensively submitted for display on Colston Tower 6.5 m above the pavement. resulting in poor provision of amenity space. Both the appearance PAG has successfully campaigned against two other screens of this of the extension and the intensity of use of the overall develop- type in central Bristol and was delighted that the council refused ment would harm the character of the Conservation Area in PAG’s this proposal. An appeal has been lodged and we hope that the In- view. PAG was also concerned that there could be alterations to the spector will continue to support the council’s worthy stand against Portland Square façade of this fine building. these highly intrusive, brightly shining monstrosities.

2 – 16 Clifton Down Road 86 Bedminster Parade Through PAG, the Society has long been making representations PAG has recently objected to proposed large-scale advertising and on this site bounded by Boyce’s Avenue, King’s Road and Clifton branding on this fine grade II-listed building. We felt the building Down Road. PAG was invited to a pre-application meeting for the was of such quality that it announced itself and that the occupying latest proposals in June and our comments are summarised below. bank could use much more subtle signage to advertise its pres- The scale of the design for a mixed residential and retail develop- ence. The proposal would harm both the appearance of the Listed ment seemed broadly consistent with surrounding buildings. We Building and the character of the Conservation Area. At the time of felt, however, that the design of the building, particularly at first writing a decision had yet to be made. and second floor levels should strongly reflect the character of the Conservation Area. The introduction of active frontages sur- rounding the building was welcomed but we were concerned that controls on the size of commercial vehicles serving the shops could Our meetings are informal and relaxed and normally fol- be ignored. One of the Society’s principle concerns relating to this lowed by a chat in a nearby hostelry. We are always in need site is that the open space on the Clifton Downs Road frontage of new members to share this work. If you would like to should be retained and improved. It is an important part of the come along to a meeting please contact John Payne. street scene providing relief to the built up street frontages. We noted that the existing birch trees were not shown on the initial [email protected] proposals and requested that they be retained or, if that were not possible, replaced by suitable semi-mature trees. Tel: 0117 924 0634 A planning application is awaited. MAJOR SITES GROUP (MSG)

BCS NEWS SPRING & SUMMER 2014 26 John Frenkel reports The Major Sites Group takes part in the public consultation stage, before the planning application for major schemes. This is one of the Society’s most important roles. The improvement to the economic climate has reignited develop- ers’ interest in major residential schemes in the city centre, which the Society welcomes. Under recent planning legislation changes, developers may now convert office buildings to residential use without planning per- mission. Large office blocks, empty for years will become blocks of flats. So far there are plans to convert The Pithay, Bristol Bridge House and Lewins Place (Greyfriars). The Society welcomes these buildings’ return to economic use and contribution to the city’s housing needs and budget. The Society supported the external refurbishment of Lewins Place, which would improve this unloved building.

The Society supports proposals to build 166 flats in Avon Street and 117 flats at 25 Redcliff Street and has suggested improvements to the design of these developments.

The Society has objected to a new block at 13-19 Dean Street in St. Pauls to accommodate students. Although the Society supports the site’s redevelopment the Council’s planning advice says that St. Pauls needs more homes. The building’s height and mass would overbear the street and harm this part of the conservation area. The Society supports the redevelopment of the former St Mary’s (Nuffield) hospital but accommodation for 200 students would overdevelop the site. On appeal the first planning application was Top refused and a planning application for a similar scheme is Architect's impression withdrawn following the Council’s advice. of refurbished Lewins Place Out of the city centre, a new owner of the long derelict Elizabeth Shaw chocolate factory has revived the redevelopment propos- Middle Plans for Bank Place als. The scheme would retain and convert two of the industrial (Clerical Medical) buildings and build new family houses. There has been exemplary community consultation and the Society welcomes the scheme. Bottom Proposed bridge at Nearby, Barratt Homes have bought the St Matthias campus. Finzel’s Reach Barratts promise to provide 30% affordable housing and to secure the future for the Grade II listed college buildings as a Steiner primary school. The Society has said that the development should not be a volume housebuilder’s standard estate design. This scheme falls short of the quality of the layout and design of the residential use in the pre-2008 economic climate. It is ironic that chocolate factory scheme. the market is informally reversing the formal zoning of earlier planning regimes through the conversion of office space to student Two major schemes for the Society to consider are for tall accommodation and residential development. buildings on the cleared sites in Temple Way of the former Clerical Medical Building (Bank Place) and opposite, The Post’s former The developer of the former Courage’s Brewery site must build a print hall. The Bank Place developer wants to replace an existing new bridge from Castle Park across the Avon. The Society objects planning permission for two 8 floor office blocks with a residential to the design, which would have a major impact on the view from development of 343 flats. The development proposed for the print Bristol Bridge and block this reach of the river. Contrast the simple hall site is accommodation for 230 students in an 11 floor point lightweight quality of Meads Reach Bridge. Water users object block. strongly to the obstruction that the bridge and the barriers to The year ahead, the lack of capacity in the construction industry protect its piers would cause to the use of the river. The bridge ap- will bring problems for developers and property investors. The proach would harm this part of Castle Park. A new flight of steps welcome return of a residential population to the centre of the will up to the main path would bisect the retaining wall and require the increase the Council’s difficulties in the providing space for soft replacement of the D Day memorial and its plaques and the memo- infrastructure, schools, health care etc. No one foresaw the shift in rial trees. There exist steps to the west and a ramped path to the city centre property investment to east, which could be widened. Reader’s letter. From Mr Warren Marsh TRANSPORT Temple Meads Transport Interchange Although Network Rail’s plans for the future of Temple Meads Station have been reproduced in recent

The Ashton Vale to Temple Meads section of the long term plan to regenerate issues of Better Bristol further clarification is required. BCS NEWS of the West of England MetroBus (rapid south Bristol. The scheme needs a more The proposals shown on the plans only refer to land transit) network was granted Full imaginative approach. The Bedminster owned by Network Rail, who have been very proactive 27 Approval by the Department for section would fall short of the stand- in publicising their ideas for major improvements. For many years the Council’s development strategy Transport on 12th September. The ards that the Council will achieve in the has called for a fully integrated interchange. Sadly Northern Fringe to Hengrove Park Centre. The Council must avoid another there does not appear to be any master plan for a scheme has now also been approved by Old Market style, ugly, bus led traffic comprehensive interchange serving rail, road and all the local authorities concerned. scheme. Bedminster Parade has similar harbour ferry traffic. Repeated enquiries addressed There seems to be little in the way of their qualities to Old Market. It is the setting to various members of the City Council and Mayor George Fergusson by both myself and the Transport completion, cost escalation and lack of several Grade II listed buildings and for Greater Bristol Alliance have not elicited a satisfac- of capacity in the construction unlisted buildings of merit and requires tory response. industry permitting. public investment to spark regeneration. There needs to be a lot of joined up thinking about It is unacceptable to remove the pavement proposals for new land use on both sides of the tracks. The Society has not objected to the NFHP, from outside the Imperial Arcade. This Most of the land is owned by Network Rail, the Homes viewing it as the delivery of a 30 years old pavement should be a feature in any new and Communities Agency and, maybe, a private developer. Urgent decisions need to be made on many plan for a tram link to the north. East Street road development. matters including: This does not mean we are uncritical. Some of the routing at the northern end Making pavements more attractive to • The siting of the new multi storey car park; should is eccentric. Does it really have to destroy pedestrians encourages people to choose this be on the east side of the station where it can market gardens at Stapleton? We have to walk rather than use motor transport usefully serve the needs of commuters during the day and visitors to the suggested that in its routing through and supports increased footfall for Arena in the evening? Bedminster the Promoters “could do traders. The scheme should be the aim to better “(see below). widen pavements for pedestrians, not • The planning of taxi and bus movements and narrow them. The Society suggested a relative space requirements for all road traffic ac- design to reduce the road space to two cessing the new station entrance from Friary. lanes to provide for protected bus A lost chance to improve • The need to preserve the view of the west stop pull-ins. The Whiteladies Road elevation of the old train shed? Bedminster Parade improvements offer extensive pedestrian havens and are an example of what the • The feasibility of constructing a new road Council can achieve tunnel under the station platforms. John Frenkel – convener – Major Sites Group comments on the plans for the • Who will pay for the expensive new The promoters demand for ‘brand’ bus infrastructure because the city council will surely Metrobus in Bedminster. shelters has overridden all other consid- plead they have inadequate funds? erations. The southbound bus shelter Can some Enterprise Zone money be used for this The Council has planning permission would block five continuous shop fronts; purpose? to construct the Northern Fringes to two are Grade II listed and would replace Any plans must allow for the enormous predicted Hengrove MetroBus scheme but the growth for rail use and therefore the increased nearly new modern Adshel shelters. number of bus routes serving the station. This route through East Street and Bedminster Modern traffic management is essential subject is not just a matter of importance for our Parade is bus led and does not strike the to Bristol’s image as a ‘Green Capital’. The citizens. It is a regional issue because Temple right balance between the needs of buses Council must improve the city’s herit- Meads will in future serve a much wider populace and motor traffic and cyclist and age, create attractive places, and meet the many of whom will live a long way from Bristol. Even if there are insufficient funds to promote pedestrians. needs of pedestrians and cyclists. The So- some of the essential infrastructure at present we ciety invites the Council to ask its Urban must avoid permission being given for permanent This was a once in a lifetime chance to Design Team, who have redesigned the structures like offices, hotels etc within the areas fund a place-making development in Centre Promenade, to redesign the route formerly known as Plots 3 and 6 where land will East Street/Bedminster Parade as part along East Street and Bedminster Parade be needed for expansion of station related public transport facilities in the future.

In the spirit of the late Dorothy Brown I urge the Bristol Civic Society to lead the way where the City Planners have failed. We should press for an early agreement to a comprehensive area plan to act as an ideal against which other les inspirational proposals can be judged. Warren Marsh

The views expressed in this article are those of the writer and are not necessarily shared by BCS Com- mittee

Editor’s note: The Society and other Bristol bodies have been attempting to persuade the City Council and Network Rail of the need for a fully integrated interchange for many years. Network Rail showed some enthusiasm back in 2013, since when it has all Bedminster Parade in 2014. Some “industrial scale” shelters are proposed in gone quiet again. Attempts to continue dialogue have front of these buildings stalled. Events WINTER 2014 - SPRING 2015

Tuesday, November 25 For details, see page 4 MAKING BRISTOL'S 7.30pm Main Auditorium, Arnolfini Gallery, 16 Narrow Quay, BS1 4QA STREETS SPECIAL Free and open to all. No booking required. Doors open 7pm

Wednesday, December 10 behind the various carvings found. Finally, he will give examples ARNOS VALE - THE ARCHITECTURE, of epitaphs - some sad, some humorous and others informative.

SCULPTURE AND SYMBOLISM OF Alan and his wife are friends and volunteers at Arnos Vale A VICTORIAN GARDEN CEMETERY : Cemetery. Alan volunteers as a heritage tour guide, and clears Alan Bambury ivy from some of the major monuments, while Jane, his co-writer, volunteers in reception and carries out burial searches. Arnos Vale Cemetery was created in 1837. In this well-illustrated talk, Alan looks at the different architectural styles of the buildings, 7.30pm; Upper Meeting Room, Friends Meeting House, and considers the many different types of monuments and their Hampton Road, BS6 6JE significance. He then discusses the religious and other meanings Members £2 (voluntary); Non-members £5. Booking not required.

Thursday, January 15 Ian Mock is employed to manage the trust and its day-to-day THE BRISTOL AVON RIVERS TRUST: activities which includes all aspects of running a small business, accounts, project management and also getting his feet wet when Ian Mock he can. He retired from a senior management position with Clerical Medical 10 years ago and has since been enjoying the The talk will provide a background to River Trusts and what they countryside and his family. This interlude is now over as trust do, with examples of the progress made by our own local trust activities are fast taking over his every waking hour. since it was set up in 2012. The talk will cover a range of project types, showing the range of opportunities for involvement for volunteers and the wider contribution the trust is making to help 7.30pm; Upper Meeting Room, Friends Meeting House, deliver more major environmental contributions at many levels. Hampton Road, BS6 6JE Members £2 (voluntary); Non-members £5. Booking not required.

Thursday, February 5 BRISTOL BEYOND THE WALLS – 1,000 YEARS Peter Malpass has lived in Bristol for nearly 40 years and until retirement in 2011 he was Professor of Housing and Urban Studies OF A GROWING CITY: Peter Malpass at the University of the West of England and a member of its Regional History Centre. For the last eight years he has been Bristol was founded at least 1,000 years ago and rapidly grew to devoting more time to thinking about the urban history of Bristol, be one of the wealthiest towns in England. Its impregnable castle and he is currently writing a book about the growth of the city and safe harbour, said to be able to accommodate 1,000 ships, in the Victorian period. With Andy King he co-authored "Bristol's were famous, but for several hundred years the physical extent of Floating Harbour - the first 200 years" published by Redcliffe Press. the town remained tiny by comparison with the sprawling city we know today. The questions to be addressed in this talk are, how, 7.30pm; Upper Meeting Room, Friends Meeting House, why and when did the transformation from settlement to big city Hampton Road, BS6 6JE occur? Members £2 (voluntary); Non-members £6.50. Booking not required.

Thursday, March 5 Simon Birch is Chair of Bristol Civic Society and recently TOBACCO CITY - Buildings and Society : completed an MA in Historical Archaeology at Bristol University with a project on the archaeology of the cigarette industry in Simon Birch Bristol. Last Spring he led two popular walks tracing the development of the tobacco industry through south Bristol. Tobacco indisputably helped to make Bristol the city it is today, making its mark both in the built environment and socially. In this At the time of going to press the second speaker was not talk, Simon Birch and a colleague will give us a short history of confirmed. Check our website for updates. the tobacco industry in Bristol from 1786 to the present day. They will be looking at the surviving buildings and the experiences of 7.30pm; Upper Meeting Room, Friends Meeting House, people who worked in the industry. They will make suggestions Hampton Road, BS6 6JE for further celebration and interpretation. Members £2 (voluntary); Non-members £5. Booking not required. Event details may be subject to change, please check the Society website for updates - www.bristolcivicsociety.org.uk