Improved Process Development for Complex Silver Ores Through Systematic, Advanced Mineral Characterisation
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Article Is Available On- Cu2 Site Is More Difficult, Certainly Due to the Small Size Line At
Eur. J. Mineral., 32, 449–455, 2020 https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-32-449-2020 © Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Luxembourgite, AgCuPbBi4Se8, a new mineral species from Bivels, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg Simon Philippo1, Frédéric Hatert2, Yannick Bruni2, Pietro Vignola3, and Jiríˇ Sejkora4 1Laboratoire de Minéralogie, Musée National d’Histoire Naturelle, Rue Münster 25, 2160 Luxembourg, Luxembourg 2Laboratoire de Minéralogie, Université de Liège B18, 4000 Liège, Belgium 3CNR-Istituto di Geologia Ambientale e Geoingegneria, via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milan, Italy 4Department of Mineralogy and Petrology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740, 193 00 9, Prague, Czech Republic Correspondence: Frédéric Hatert ([email protected]) Received: 24 March 2020 – Revised: 30 June 2020 – Accepted: 15 July 2020 – Published: 12 August 2020 Abstract. Luxembourgite, ideally AgCuPbBi4Se8, is a new selenide discovered at Bivels, Grand Duchy of Lux- embourg. The mineral forms tiny fibres reaching 200 µm in length and 5 µm in diameter, which are deposited on dolomite crystals. Luxembourgite is grey, with a metallic lustre and without cleavage planes; its Mohs hard- ness is 3 and its calculated density is 8.00 g cm−3. Electron-microprobe analyses indicate an empirical formula Ag1:00.Cu0:82Ag0:20Fe0:01/61:03Pb1:13Bi4:11.Se7:72S0:01/67:73, calculated on the basis of 15 atoms per formula unit. A single-crystal structure refinement was performed to R1 D 0:0476, in the P 21=m space group, with 3 a D 13:002.1/, b D 4:1543.3/, c D 15:312.2/Å, β D 108:92.1/◦, V D 782:4.2/Å , Z D 2. -
Download PDF About Minerals Sorted by Mineral Name
MINERALS SORTED BY NAME Here is an alphabetical list of minerals discussed on this site. More information on and photographs of these minerals in Kentucky is available in the book “Rocks and Minerals of Kentucky” (Anderson, 1994). APATITE Crystal system: hexagonal. Fracture: conchoidal. Color: red, brown, white. Hardness: 5.0. Luster: opaque or semitransparent. Specific gravity: 3.1. Apatite, also called cellophane, occurs in peridotites in eastern and western Kentucky. A microcrystalline variety of collophane found in northern Woodford County is dark reddish brown, porous, and occurs in phosphatic beds, lenses, and nodules in the Tanglewood Member of the Lexington Limestone. Some fossils in the Tanglewood Member are coated with phosphate. Beds are generally very thin, but occasionally several feet thick. The Woodford County phosphate beds were mined during the early 1900s near Wallace, Ky. BARITE Crystal system: orthorhombic. Cleavage: often in groups of platy or tabular crystals. Color: usually white, but may be light shades of blue, brown, yellow, or red. Hardness: 3.0 to 3.5. Streak: white. Luster: vitreous to pearly. Specific gravity: 4.5. Tenacity: brittle. Uses: in heavy muds in oil-well drilling, to increase brilliance in the glass-making industry, as filler for paper, cosmetics, textiles, linoleum, rubber goods, paints. Barite generally occurs in a white massive variety (often appearing earthy when weathered), although some clear to bluish, bladed barite crystals have been observed in several vein deposits in central Kentucky, and commonly occurs as a solid solution series with celestite where barium and strontium can substitute for each other. Various nodular zones have been observed in Silurian–Devonian rocks in east-central Kentucky. -
The Stannaries
THE STANNARIES A STUDY OF THE MEDIEVAL TIN MINERS OF CORNWALL AND DEVON G. R. LEWIS First published 1908 PREFACE THEfollowing monograph, the outcome of a thesis for an under- graduate course at Harvard University, is the result of three years' investigation, one in this country and two in England, - for the most part in London, where nearly all the documentary material relating to the subject is to be found. For facilitating with ready courtesy my access to this material I am greatly indebted to the officials of the 0 GEORGE RANDALL LEWIS British Museum, the Public Record Office, and the Duchy of Corn- wall Office. I desire also to acknowledge gratefully the assistance of Dr. G. W. Prothero, Mr. Hubert Hall, and Mr. George Unwin. My thanks are especially due to Professor Edwin F. Gay of Harvard University, under whose supervision my work has been done. HOUGHTON,M~CHIGAN, November, 1907. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION purpose of the essay. Reasons for choice of subject. Sources of informa- tion. Plan of treatment . xiii CHAPTER I Nature of tin ore. Stream tinning in early times. Early methods of searching for ore. Forms assumed by the primitive mines. Drainage and other features of medizval mine economy. Preparation of the ore. Carew's description of the dressing of tin ore. Early smelting furnaces. Advances in mining and smelt- ing in the latter half of the seventeenth century. Preparation of the ore. Use of the steam engine for draining mines. Introduction of blasting. Pit coal smelting. General advance in ore dressing in the eighteenth century. Other improvements. -
Washington State Minerals Checklist
Division of Geology and Earth Resources MS 47007; Olympia, WA 98504-7007 Washington State 360-902-1450; 360-902-1785 fax E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.dnr.wa.gov/geology Minerals Checklist Note: Mineral names in parentheses are the preferred species names. Compiled by Raymond Lasmanis o Acanthite o Arsenopalladinite o Bustamite o Clinohumite o Enstatite o Harmotome o Actinolite o Arsenopyrite o Bytownite o Clinoptilolite o Epidesmine (Stilbite) o Hastingsite o Adularia o Arsenosulvanite (Plagioclase) o Clinozoisite o Epidote o Hausmannite (Orthoclase) o Arsenpolybasite o Cairngorm (Quartz) o Cobaltite o Epistilbite o Hedenbergite o Aegirine o Astrophyllite o Calamine o Cochromite o Epsomite o Hedleyite o Aenigmatite o Atacamite (Hemimorphite) o Coffinite o Erionite o Hematite o Aeschynite o Atokite o Calaverite o Columbite o Erythrite o Hemimorphite o Agardite-Y o Augite o Calciohilairite (Ferrocolumbite) o Euchroite o Hercynite o Agate (Quartz) o Aurostibite o Calcite, see also o Conichalcite o Euxenite o Hessite o Aguilarite o Austinite Manganocalcite o Connellite o Euxenite-Y o Heulandite o Aktashite o Onyx o Copiapite o o Autunite o Fairchildite Hexahydrite o Alabandite o Caledonite o Copper o o Awaruite o Famatinite Hibschite o Albite o Cancrinite o Copper-zinc o o Axinite group o Fayalite Hillebrandite o Algodonite o Carnelian (Quartz) o Coquandite o o Azurite o Feldspar group Hisingerite o Allanite o Cassiterite o Cordierite o o Barite o Ferberite Hongshiite o Allanite-Ce o Catapleiite o Corrensite o o Bastnäsite -
Mineral Processing
Mineral Processing Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy 1st English edition JAN DRZYMALA, C. Eng., Ph.D., D.Sc. Member of the Polish Mineral Processing Society Wroclaw University of Technology 2007 Translation: J. Drzymala, A. Swatek Reviewer: A. Luszczkiewicz Published as supplied by the author ©Copyright by Jan Drzymala, Wroclaw 2007 Computer typesetting: Danuta Szyszka Cover design: Danuta Szyszka Cover photo: Sebastian Bożek Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27 50-370 Wroclaw Any part of this publication can be used in any form by any means provided that the usage is acknowledged by the citation: Drzymala, J., Mineral Processing, Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy, Oficyna Wydawnicza PWr., 2007, www.ig.pwr.wroc.pl/minproc ISBN 978-83-7493-362-9 Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................................9 Part I Introduction to mineral processing .....................................................................13 1. From the Big Bang to mineral processing................................................................14 1.1. The formation of matter ...................................................................................14 1.2. Elementary particles.........................................................................................16 1.3. Molecules .........................................................................................................18 1.4. Solids................................................................................................................19 -
New Mineral Names*
Ameican Mineralogist, Volume 83, pages 400-403, 1998 NEW MINERAL NAMES* JouN L. JAvrsonr aNo ANonEw C. Ronnnrs2 rDepartmentof Earth Sciences,University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3Gl, Canada 'Geological Survey of Canada,601 Booth Street,Ottawa, Ontario KIA 0Gl, Canada Benyacarite* from the results of a crystal structure determination.The F Demartin, T. Pilati, H.D. Gay, C.M. Gramaccioli (1993) empirical formula on the basis of 23 anions is The crystal structureof a mineral related to paulkerrite. (Ca.ouKoo,)r. urB5O6(OH)?Cl,nn.8HrO. The mineral occurs Zeits. Kristallogr.,208, 51-7I. as micaceous grains, 0.5 x 0.25 x 0.1 mm, that form E Demartin, H.D. Gay, C.M. Gramaccioli, T. Pilati (1997) cleavablemasses up to 2 x 1 x 1 mm. Colorlessto white, Benyacarite, a new titanium-bearingphosphate mineral transparent to translucent, viffeous luster, white streak, speciesfrom Cerro Blanco, Argentina. Can. Mineral., flexible, micaceous,perfect cleavage, : 35,701-712. {010} H 5, twinned on (010),nonfluorescent, D-""" : L91(3), D.^.: Chemical data in the 1993 paper were abstractedin 1.93 glcm3 for Z : 2. The IR spectrum shows the pres- Am. Mineral., 79, p. 763, 1994.On the basisof Z : 4, ence of HrO groups and complex borate groups.Optically the empirical formula is [(HrO)orrK.o,uNfo o.], Ti(Mn2*Vor. biaxial negative, ct : 1.506(2), P : 1.527(2), 1 : Fefrl,Mgo.),(Fe3*8Ti6j8Al00,),(PO")o(OouFoo),. l4H,O, The I.532(2),2V^"",: 56(l),2V,^,.: 51.4', oientationZ : mineral occurs as euhedral tabular to almost equidimen- b, X A c : 3U in the obtuse angle B. -
Evaluation of Scale-Up Model for Flotation with Kristineberg Ore
Evaluation of Scale-up Model for Flotation with Kristineberg Ore Adam Isaksson Chemical Engineering, master's level 2018 Luleå University of Technology Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering Evaluation of Scale-up Model for Flotation with Kristineberg Ore Adam Isaksson 2018 For degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Luleå University of Technology Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering Division of Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering Printed by Luleå University of Technology, Graphic Production 2018 Luleå 2018 www.ltu.se Preface As you may have figured out by now, this thesis is all about mineral processing and the extraction of metals. It was written as part of my studies at Luleå University of Technology, for a master’s degree in Chemical Engineering with specialisation Mineral and Metal Winning. There are many people I would like to thank for helping me out during all these years. First of all, my thanks go to supervisors Bertil Pålsson and Lisa Malm for the guidance in this project. Iris Wunderlich had a paramount role during sampling and has kindly delivered me data to this report, which would not have been finished without her support. I would also like to thank Boliden Mineral AB as a company. Partly for giving me the chance to write this thesis in the first place, but also for supporting us students during our years at LTU. Speaking of which, thanks to Olle Bertilsson for reading the report and giving me feedback. The people at the TMP laboratory deserves another mention. I am also very grateful for the financial support and generous scholarships from Jernkontoret these five years. -
The Gersdorffite-Bismuthinite-Native Gold Association and the Skarn
minerals Article The Gersdorffite-Bismuthinite-Native Gold Association and the Skarn-Porphyry Mineralization in the Kamariza Mining District, Lavrion, Greece † Panagiotis Voudouris 1,* , Constantinos Mavrogonatos 1 , Branko Rieck 2, Uwe Kolitsch 2,3, Paul G. Spry 4 , Christophe Scheffer 5, Alexandre Tarantola 6 , Olivier Vanderhaeghe 7, Emmanouil Galanos 1, Vasilios Melfos 8 , Stefanos Zaimis 9, Konstantinos Soukis 1 and Adonis Photiades 10 1 Department of Geology & Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; [email protected] (C.M.); [email protected] (E.G.); [email protected] (K.S.) 2 Institut für Mineralogie und Kristallographie, Universität Wien, 1090 Wien, Austria; [email protected] 3 Mineralogisch-Petrographische Abteilung, Naturhistorisches Museum, 1010 Wien, Austria; [email protected] 4 Department of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; [email protected] 5 Département de Géologie et de Génie Géologique, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; [email protected] 6 Université de Lorraine, CNRS, GeoRessources UMR 7359, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, F-54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; [email protected] 7 Université de Toulouse, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), UMR 5563 CNRS, F-31400 Toulouse, France; [email protected] 8 Department of Mineralogy-Petrology-Economic Geology, Faculty of Geology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; [email protected] 9 Institut für Mineralogie, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany; [email protected] 10 Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration (I.G.M.E.), 13677 Acharnae, Greece; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +30-210-7274129 † The paper is an extended version of our paper published in 1st International Electronic Conference on Mineral Science. -
The Minerals and Rocks of the Earth 5A: the Minerals- Special Mineralogy
Lesson 5 cont’d: The Minerals and Rocks of the Earth 5a: The minerals- special mineralogy A. M. C. Şengör In the previous lectures concerning the materials of the earth, we studied the most important silicates. We did so, because they make up more than 80% of our planet. We said, if we know them, we know much about our planet. However, on the surface or near-surface areas of the earth 75% is covered by sedimentary rocks, almost 1/3 of which are not silicates. These are the carbonate rocks such as limestones, dolomites (Americans call them dolostones, which is inappropriate, because dolomite is the name of a person {Dolomieu}, after which the mineral dolomite, the rock dolomite and the Dolomite Mountains in Italy have been named; it is like calling the Dolomite Mountains Dolo Mountains!). Another important category of rocks, including parts of the carbonates, are the evaporites including halides and sulfates. So we need to look at the minerals forming these rocks too. Some of the iron oxides are important, because they are magnetic and impart magnetic properties on rocks. Some hydroxides are important weathering products. This final part of Lesson 5 will be devoted to a description of the most important of the carbonate, sulfate, halide and the iron oxide minerals, although they play a very little rôle in the total earth volume. Despite that, they play a critical rôle on the surface of the earth and some of them are also major climate controllers. The carbonate minerals are those containing the carbonate ion -2 CO3 The are divided into the following classes: 1. -
PALLADIUM and PLATINUM MINERALS from the SERRA PELADA Au–Pd–Pt DEPOSIT, CARAJÁS MINERAL PROVINCE, NORTHERN BRAZIL
1451 The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 40, pp. 1451-1463 (2002) PALLADIUM AND PLATINUM MINERALS FROM THE SERRA PELADA Au–Pd–Pt DEPOSIT, CARAJÁS MINERAL PROVINCE, NORTHERN BRAZIL ALEXANDRE RAPHAEL CABRAL§ AND BERND LEHMANN Institut für Mineralogie und Mineralische Rohstoffe, Technische Universität Clausthal, Adolph-Roemer-Str. 2A, D–38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany ROGERIO KWITKO-RIBEIRO Centro de Desenvolvimento Mineral, Companhia Vale do Rio Doce, BR 262/ km 296, 33030-970 Santa Luzia – MG, Brazil CARLOS HENRIQUE CRAVO COSTA Diretoria de Metais Nobres, Companhia Vale do Rio Doce, Caixa Postal 51, Serra dos Carajás, 68516-000 Parauabepas – PA, Brazil ABSTRACT The Serra Pelada garimpo (1980–1984) was the site of the most spectacular gold rush in recent history, but the mineralogy of the bonanza-style mineralization has not so far been documented in detail. Rediscovery of an early drill-core, recovered in 1982 from the near-surface lateritic portion of the garimpo area, has provided coarse-grained gold aggregates for this study. The centimeter-long aggregates of gold occur in powdery, earthy material. They exhibit a delicate arborescent fabric and are coated by goethite. Four compositional types of gold are recognized: palladian gold with an atomic ratio Au:Pd of 7:1 (“Au7Pd”), Hg- bearing palladian gold (Au–Pd–Hg), Pd-bearing gold with up to 3 wt.% Pd (Pd-poor gold) and pure gold. A number of platinum- group minerals (PGM) are included in, or attached to the surface of, palladian gold: “guanglinite”, Sb-bearing “guanglinite”, atheneite and isomertieite, including the noteworthy presence of Se-bearing PGM (Pd–Pt–Se, Pd–Se, Pd–Hg–Se and Pd–Bi–Se phases, and sudovikovite and palladseite). -
Bromargyrite Agbr C 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, Version 1
Bromargyrite AgBr c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Cubic. Point Group: 4/m 32/m. Crystals cubic, with {111} and {011}, to 1 cm; in parallel or subparallel groups; commonly as crusts and coatings, massive. Twinning: {111}, rare. Physical Properties: Fracture: Uneven to subconchoidal. Tenacity: Sectile, ductile, very plastic. Hardness = 2.5 D(meas.) = 6.474 D(calc.) = 6.477 May give off a strong “medicinal” odor when exposed to air. Optical Properties: Transparent to translucent. Color: Pale yellow, greenish brown, bright green. Streak: White to yellowish white. Luster: Resinous to adamantine, waxy. Optical Class: Isotropic. n = 2.253 Cell Data: Space Group: Fm3m. a = 5.7745 (synthetic). Z = 4 X-ray Powder Pattern: Synthetic. 2.886 (100), 2.041 (55), 1.667 (16), 1.291 (14), 1.1787 (10), 3.33 (8), 1.444 (8) Chemistry: (1) (2) Ag 57.56 65.16 Cl 10.71 Br 42.44 24.13 Total 100.00 100.00 (1) Rancho de San Onofre, Charcas, Mexico. (2) Ag(Br, Cl) with Br:Cl = 1:1. Polymorphism & Series: Dimorphous with chlorargyrite. Occurrence: A rare secondary mineral in the oxidation zones of silver deposits, notably in arid regions. Association: Silver, iodargyrite, smithsonite, Fe–Mn oxides. Distribution: While a rare mineral, nevertheless known from a number of localities. From Huelgoet, Finist`ere,France. At the Sch¨oneAussicht mine, near Dernbach, and at Bad Ems, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. In the USA, at Bisbee, Tombstone, and the Commonwealth mine, Pearce, Cochise Co., Arizona; from the Silver City district, Grant Co., and elsewhere in New Mexico; at Silver Cliff, Custer Co., and on Horse Mountain, 13 km south of Eagle, Eagle Co., Colorado. -
Mercury and Mercury Compounds
United States Office of Air Quality EPA-454/R-97-012 Environmental Protection Planning And Standards Agency Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 December 1997 AIR EPA LOCATING AND ESTIMATING AIR EMISSIONS FROM SOURCES OF MERCURY AND MERCURY COMPOUNDS L & E EPA-454/R-97-012 Locating And Estimating Air Emissions From Sources of Mercury and Mercury Compounds Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards Office of Air and Radiation U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 December 1997 This report has been reviewed by the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and has been approved for publication. Mention of trade names and commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. EPA-454/R-97-012 TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................ xi 1.0 PURPOSE OF DOCUMENT .............................................. 1-1 2.0 OVERVIEW OF DOCUMENT CONTENTS ................................. 2-1 3.0 BACKGROUND ........................................................ 3-1 3.1 NATURE OF THE POLLUTANT ..................................... 3-1 3.2 OVERVIEW OF PRODUCTION, USE, AND EMISSIONS ................. 3-1 3.2.1 Production .................................................. 3-1 3.2.2 End-Use .................................................... 3-3 3.2.3 Emissions ................................................... 3-6 4.0 EMISSIONS FROM MERCURY PRODUCTION ............................. 4-1 4.1 PRIMARY MERCURY